1
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Ameen S, Zaman U, AlSalem HS, Alhawiti AS, Alanazi AN, Zghab I, Alissa M, Alghamdi SA, Naz R, Rehman KU. Isolation and biochemical characterization of novel acid phosphatase and zinc-dependent acid phosphatase from the chicken's brain. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131339. [PMID: 38574925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The AcPase exhibits a specific activity of 31.32 U/mg of protein with a 728-fold purification, and the yield of the enzyme is raised to 3.15 %. The Zn2+-dependent AcPase showed a purification factor of 1.34 specific activity of 14 U/mg of proteins and a total recovery of 5.14. The SDS-PAGE showed a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of 18 kDa of AcPase and 29 kDa of Zn2+-dependent AcPase. The AcPase enzyme has shown a wide range of substrate specificity for p-NPP, phenyl phosphate and FMN, while in the case of ZnAcPase α and β-Naphthyl phosphate and p-NPP were proved to be superior substrates. The divalent metal ions like Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+ increased the activity, while other substrates decreased the enzyme activity. The Km (0.14 mM) and Vmax (21 μmol/min/mg) values of AcPase were higher than those of Zn2+-AcPase (Km = 0.5 mM; Vmax = 9.7 μmol/min/mg). The Zn2+ ions activate the Zn2+-AcPase while Fe3+, Al3+, Pb2+, and Hg2+ showed inhibition on enzyme activity. Molybdate, vanadate and phosphate were found to be competitive inhibitors of AcPase with Ki values 316 μM, 185 μM, and 1.6 mM, while in Zn2+-AcPase tartrate and phosphate also showed competitive inhibition with Ki values 3 mM and 0.5 mM respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Ameen
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Umber Zaman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Huda Salem AlSalem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliyah S Alhawiti
- Department of chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal N Alanazi
- Department of Chemistry, Khafji University College, University of Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imen Zghab
- Department of Physical Sciences, Chemistry Division, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suad A Alghamdi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rubina Naz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, KPK, Pakistan.
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2
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Sharma L, Kahandal A, Kanagare A, Kulkarni A, Tagad CK. The multifaceted nature of plant acid phosphatases: purification, biochemical features, and applications. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2282379. [PMID: 37985663 PMCID: PMC11003492 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2282379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid phosphatases (EC 3.1.3.2) are the enzymes that catalyse transphosphorylation reactions and promotes the hydrolysis of numerous orthophosphate esters in acidic media, as a crucial element for the metabolism of phosphate in tissues. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) utilisation and scavenging, as well as the turnover of Pi-rich sources found in plant vacuoles, are major processes in which intracellular and secretory acid phosphatases function. Therefore, a thorough understanding of these enzymes' structural characteristics, specificity, and physiochemical properties is required to comprehend the function of acid phosphatases in plant energy metabolism. Furthermore, acid phosphatases are gaining increasing importance in industrial biotechnology due to their involvement in transphosphorylation processes and their ability to reduce phosphate levels in food products. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the purification methods employed for isolating acid phosphatases from diverse plant sources, as well as their structural and functional properties. Additionally, the review explores the potential applications of these enzymes in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Sharma
- School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
| | - Amol Kahandal
- School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
| | - Anant Kanagare
- Department of Chemistry, Deogiri College, Aurangabad, India
| | - Atul Kulkarni
- Symbiosis Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Lavale, India
| | - Chandrakant K. Tagad
- School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
- Department of Biochemistry, S.B.E.S. College of Science, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, India
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3
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Sisodia R, Mazumdar PA, Madhurantakam C. In silico identification and analysis of potential inhibitors for acid phosphatase, HppA from Helicobacter pylori. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e3049. [PMID: 37553866 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of gastric ulcers and is associated with gastric cancer. The enzyme HppA of class C nonspecific acid phosphohydrolases (NSAPs) of H. pylori plays a crucial role in the electron transport chain. Herein, we report an in silico homology model of HppA consisting of a monomeric α + β model. A high throughput structure-based virtual screening approach yielded potential inhibitors against HppA with higher binding energies. Further analyses of molecular interaction maps and protein-ligand fingerprints, followed by molecular mechanics-generalized Born surface area (MM-GBSA) end point binding energy calculations of docked complexes, resulted in the detection of top binders/ligands. Our investigations identified potential substrate-competitive small molecule inhibitors of HppA, with admissible pharmacokinetic properties. These molecules may provide a starting point for developing novel therapeutic agents against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinki Sisodia
- Structural and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SMBL), Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies (TERI SAS), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Chaithanya Madhurantakam
- Structural and Molecular Biology Laboratory (SMBL), Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies (TERI SAS), New Delhi, India
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4
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Solhtalab M, Moller SR, Gu AZ, Jaisi D, Aristilde L. Selectivity in Enzymatic Phosphorus Recycling from Biopolymers: Isotope Effect, Reactivity Kinetics, and Molecular Docking with Fungal and Plant Phosphatases. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:16441-16452. [PMID: 36283689 PMCID: PMC9670850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Among ubiquitous phosphorus (P) reserves in environmental matrices are ribonucleic acid (RNA) and polyphosphate (polyP), which are, respectively, organic and inorganic P-containing biopolymers. Relevant to P recycling from these biopolymers, much remains unknown about the kinetics and mechanisms of different acid phosphatases (APs) secreted by plants and soil microorganisms. Here we investigated RNA and polyP dephosphorylation by two common APs, a plant purple AP (PAP) from sweet potato and a fungal phytase from Aspergillus niger. Trends of δ18O values in released orthophosphate during each enzyme-catalyzed reaction in 18O-water implied a different extent of reactivity. Subsequent enzyme kinetics experiments revealed that A. niger phytase had 10-fold higher maximum rate for polyP dephosphorylation than the sweet potato PAP, whereas the sweet potato PAP dephosphorylated RNA at a 6-fold faster rate than A. niger phytase. Both enzymes had up to 3 orders of magnitude lower reactivity for RNA than for polyP. We determined a combined phosphodiesterase-monoesterase mechanism for RNA and terminal phosphatase mechanism for polyP using high-resolution mass spectrometry and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, respectively. Molecular modeling with eight plant and fungal AP structures predicted substrate binding interactions consistent with the relative reactivity kinetics. Our findings implied a hierarchy in enzymatic P recycling from P-polymers by phosphatases from different biological origins, thereby influencing the relatively longer residence time of RNA versus polyP in environmental matrices. This research further sheds light on engineering strategies to enhance enzymatic recycling of biopolymer-derived P, in addition to advancing environmental predictions of this P recycling by plants and microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Solhtalab
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture
and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering
and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Spencer R. Moller
- Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - April Z. Gu
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Deb Jaisi
- Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of
Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Ludmilla Aristilde
- Department
of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture
and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering
and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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5
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Moorman VR, Brayton AM. Identification of individual components of a commercial wheat germ acid phosphatase preparation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248717. [PMID: 33750963 PMCID: PMC7984616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat germ acid phosphatase (WGAP) is a commercial preparation of partially purified protein commonly used in laboratory settings for non-specific enzymatic dephosphorylation. It is known that these preparations contain multiple phosphatase isozymes and are still relatively crude. This study therefore aimed to identify the protein components of a commercial preparation of wheat germ acid phosphatase using mass spectroscopy and comparative genomics. After one post-purchase purification step, the most prevalent fifteen proteins in the mixture included heat shock proteins, beta-amylases, glucoseribitol dehydrogenases, enolases, and an aminopeptidase. While not among the most abundant components, eight unique dephosphorylation enzymes were also present including three purple acid phosphatases. Furthermore, it is shown that some of these correspond to previously isolated isozymes; one of which has been also previously shown by transcriptome data to be overexpressed in wheat seeds. In summary, this study identified the major components of WGAP including phosphatases and hypothesizes the most active components towards a better understanding of this commonly used laboratory tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica R. Moorman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kettering University, Flint, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alexandra M. Brayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kettering University, Flint, Michigan, United States of America
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6
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Zaman U, Naz R, Khattak NS, Rehman KU, Saeed A, Farooq M, Sahar J, Iqbal A. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of novel acid phosphates extracted from Cichorium intybus seedlings. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 168:195-204. [PMID: 33309659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein for the first time a novel acid phosphatase from the seedlings of Cichorium intybus was purified to homogeneity by using various chromatographic techniques (salt precipitation, ion exchange, size exclusion and affinity chromatography) and thermodynamically characterized. The molecular mass of purified enzyme (66 kDa) was determined by SDS-PAGE under denaturing and non-denaturing conditions and by gel-filtration confirmed as dimer of molecular mass 130 kDa. The Michaelis-Menten (Km) constant for -p-NPP (0.3 mM) and (7.6 μmol/min/mg) Vmax. The enzyme was competitively inhibited by phosphate, molybdate and vanadate. Phenyl phosphate, ɑ and β-glycero-phosphate and-p-NPP were found to be good substrate. When temperature increased from (55 °C to 75 °C), the deactivation rate constant (kd) was increased (0.1 to 4.6 min-1) and half- life was decreased from 630 min to 15 min. Various thermal denaturation parameters; change in enthalpy (ΔH°), change in entropy (ΔS°) and change in free energy (ΔG°) were found 121.93 KJ·mol-1, 72.45 KJ·mol-1 and 98.08 KJ·mol-1 respectively, confirming that acid phosphatase undergoes a significant process of unfolding during deactivation. The biochemical properties of acid phosphatase from C. intybus on the behalf of biological activity and its relationship to pH variations, thermal deactivation and kinetics parameters provide an insight into its novel features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umber Zaman
- Institute of Chemical Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Naz
- Institute of Chemical Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Noor Saeed Khattak
- Center for Materials Science, Islamia College University, 25120, Pakistan.
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemical Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Asma Saeed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Juma Sahar
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Iqbal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Lakki Marwat, KPK, Pakistan
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7
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Kaczynski P, Lozowicka B, Wolejko E, Iwaniuk P, Konecki R, Dragowski W, Lozowicki J, Amanbek N, Rusilowska J, Pietraszko A. Complex study of glyphosate and metabolites influence on enzymatic activity and microorganisms association in soil enriched with Pseudomonas fluorescens and sewage sludge. J Hazard Mater 2020; 393:122443. [PMID: 32163800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This is the first large scale study of fate of the glyphosate (GLP) and its metabolites, (AMPA, N-acetyl glyphosate, N-acetyl AMPA, sarcosine and glycine) monitored by LC/MS/MS. The laboratory trials of behavior of GLP in two types of agricultural soil were performed. Soil (S), soil enriched with sewage sludge (S + SL), soil with Pseudomonas fluorescens (S + P) and soil enriched with sewage sludge and P. fluorescens (S + SL + P) was treated with Roundup 360 SL under controlled conditions. The presence of metabolites was depended on the soil type and enrichment with sludge or bacteria. The GLP and its soil metabolites caused increase of microorganisms association in comparison to control. We assumed that P. fluorescens and sewage sludge influence on time of GLP dissipation. Moreover, GLP degradation in presence of P. fluorescens and sewage sludge is carried out in different metabolic pathways compared to control (S + GLP). Furthermore, presence of particular GLP metabolites is related to different metabolic pathways and is connected with P. fluorescens and sewage sludge occurrence in soil. Additionally, P. fluorescens and sewage sludge stimulate enzymatic activity of soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kaczynski
- Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Bozena Lozowicka
- Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland; Kazakh National Agrarian University, Abai Avenue 8, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Elzbieta Wolejko
- Bialystok University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Wiejska 45A Street, 15-351, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Piotr Iwaniuk
- Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland; University of Bialystok, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Ciolkowskiego 1J Street, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Rafal Konecki
- Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dragowski
- Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Nurlan Amanbek
- Kazakh National Agrarian University, Abai Avenue 8, Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
| | - Julia Rusilowska
- Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pietraszko
- Institute of Plant Protection-National Research Institute, Chelmonskiego 22 Street, 15-195 Bialystok, Poland
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8
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Montes de Oca-Vásquez G, Solano-Campos F, Vega-Baudrit JR, López-Mondéjar R, Odriozola I, Vera A, Moreno JL, Bastida F. Environmentally relevant concentrations of silver nanoparticles diminish soil microbial biomass but do not alter enzyme activities or microbial diversity. J Hazard Mater 2020; 391:122224. [PMID: 32058228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to their well-known antimicrobial activity, has led to their accumulation in soil ecosystems. However, the impact of environmental realistic concentrations of AgNPs on the soil microbial community has been scarcely studied. In this work, we have assessed the impact of AgNPs, that mimic real concentrations in nature, on tropical soils cultivated with Coffea arabica under conventional and organic management systems. We evaluated the biomass, extracellular enzyme activities, and diversity of the soil microbial community, in a microcosm experiment as a function of time. After seven days of incubation, we found an increase in microbial biomass in an AgNPs-concentration-independent manner. In contrast, after 60-day-incubation, there was a decrease in Gram+ and actinobacterial biomass, in both soils and all AgNPs concentrations. Soil physico-chemical properties and enzyme activities were not affected overall by AgNPs. Regarding the microbial community composition, only some differences in the relative abundance at phylum and genus level in the fungal community were observed. Our results suggest that environmental concentrations of AgNPs affected microbial biomass but had little impact on microbial diversity and may have little effects on the soil biogeochemical cycles mediated by extracellular enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Montes de Oca-Vásquez
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory, National Center for High Technology, 10109 Pavas, San José, Costa Rica; Doctorado en Ciencias Naturales para el Desarrollo (DOCINADE), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Costa Rica.
| | - Frank Solano-Campos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Nacional, Campus Omar Dengo, 86-3000 Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - José R Vega-Baudrit
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory, National Center for High Technology, 10109 Pavas, San José, Costa Rica; Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional, Campus Omar Dengo, 86-3000 Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Rubén López-Mondéjar
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083, Praha 4 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the CAS, Vídeňská 1083, Praha 4 14220, Czech Republic
| | - Alfonso Vera
- CEBAS-CSIC. Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - José L Moreno
- CEBAS-CSIC. Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Felipe Bastida
- CEBAS-CSIC. Department of Soil and Water Conservation, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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9
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Tasnádi G, Staśko M, Ditrich K, Hall M, Faber K. Preparative-Scale Enzymatic Synthesis of rac-Glycerol-1-phosphate from Crude Glycerol Using Acid Phosphatases and Phosphate. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:1759-1763. [PMID: 31944595 PMCID: PMC7187357 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201903236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glycerol is a byproduct of biodiesel production and is generated in large amounts, which has resulted in an increased interest in its valorization. In addition to its use as an energy source directly, the chemical modification of glycerol may result in value-added derivatives. Herein, acid phosphatases employed in the synthetic mode were evaluated for the enzymatic phosphorylation of glycerol. Nonspecific acid phosphatases could tolerate glycerol concentrations up to 80 wt % and pyrophosphate concentrations up to 20 wt % and led to product titers up to 167 g L-1 in a kinetic approach. In the complementary thermodynamic approach, phytases were able to condense glycerol and inorganic monophosphate directly. This unexpected behavior enabled the simple and cost-effective production of rac-glycerol-1-phosphate from crude glycerol obtained from a biodiesel plant. A preparative-scale synthesis on a 100 mL-scale resulted in the production of 16.6 g of rac-glycerol-1-phosphate with a reasonable purity (≈75 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Tasnádi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial BiotechnologyPetersgasse 148010GrazAustria
| | - Marcin Staśko
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
- Current address: Opole University of TechnologyFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, 5 Mikołajczyka Street45-271OpolePoland
| | - Klaus Ditrich
- White Biotechnology Research BiocatalysisBASF SECarl-Bosch-Strasse 3867056LudwigshafenGermany
| | - Mélanie Hall
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
| | - Kurt Faber
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 288010GrazAustria
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10
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Shukla SK, Hariharan S, Rao TS. Uranium bioremediation by acid phosphatase activity of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms: Can a foe turn a friend? J Hazard Mater 2020; 384:121316. [PMID: 31607578 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, which are considered a foe for being pathogenic, were tested for their uranium bioremediation capacity to find out if they can turn out to be a friend. Acid phosphatase activity, which is speculated to aid in bio-precipitation of U(VI) from uranyl nitrate solution, was assayed in biofilms of seven different S. aureus strains. The presence of acid phosphatase enzyme was detected in the biofilms of all S. aureus strains (in the range of 3.1 ± 0.21 to 26.90 ± 2.32 μi.u./g), and found to be higher when compared to that of their planktonic phenotypes. Among all, S. aureus V329 biofilm showed highest biofilm formation ability along with maximum phosphatase activity (26.9 ± 2.32 μi.u./g of biomass). Addition of phosphate enhanced the U(VI) remediation when treated with uranyl nitrate solution. S. aureus V329 biofilm showed significant U tolerance with only a 3-log reduction when exposed to 10 ppm U(VI) for 1 h. When treated in batch mode, V329 biofilm successfully remediated up to 47% of the 10 ppm U(VI). This new approach using the acid phosphatase from the S. aureus V329 biofilm presents an alternative method for the remediation of uranium contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K Shukla
- Biofouling & Thermal Ecology Section, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603102, India
| | - S Hariharan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Chennai, 602117, India
| | - T Subba Rao
- Biofouling & Thermal Ecology Section, Water & Steam Chemistry Division, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, 603102, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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11
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Chen C, Liu W, Ni P, Jiang Y, Zhang C, Wang B, Li J, Cao B, Lu Y, Chen W. Engineering Two-Dimensional Pd Nanoplates with Exposed Highly Active {100} Facets Toward Colorimetric Acid Phosphatase Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:47564-47570. [PMID: 31762263 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-like activity and efficiency of nanomaterials are strongly controlled by their size, composition, and structure, and hence the structural parameters need to be optimized. Here, we report that two-dimensional Pd nanoplates enclosed by {100}-facets [{100}PdSP@rGO] exhibit substantially enhanced intrinsic oxidase-like activities relative to the {111}-facets ones and Pd nanocubes in catalyzing the chromogenic reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine. By taking ascorbic acid 2-phosphate as the substrate, which transforms to ascorbic acid in the presence of acid phosphatase (ACP), the {100}PdSP@rGO could be used as an efficient nanozyme for colorimetric ACP detection without resorting to destructive H2O2. A good linear relationship from 0.01 to 6.0 mU/mL with a detection limit of 8.3 μU/mL is obtained, which is better than most previously reported ACP assays. Importantly, the excellent assay performance could be successfully applied to ACP determination in serum samples with high accuracy. This study demonstrates that the enzyme-like activity of nanomaterials could be finely tuned simultaneously by controlling their exposed crystal facets and high specific surface area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxia Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Wendong Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Pengjuan Ni
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Chenghui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Jinkai Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Bingqiang Cao
- Department of Physics and Institute of Laser , Qufu Normal University , Qufu 273165 , China
| | - Yizhong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry , Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130022 , China
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12
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Lemanowicz J. Activity of selected enzymes as markers of ecotoxicity in technogenic salinization soils. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:13014-13024. [PMID: 30895538 PMCID: PMC6478649 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The activity of enzymes in soil is sensitive to the changes in soil properties affected by biotic and abiotic factors. This study investigates the influence of salinity on some enzymes (catalase CAT, dehydrogenases DEH, alkaline AlP, and acid AcP phosphatase) and pH in 0.01 M CaCl2, ECe, the content of total organic carbon, and total nitrogen in technogenic salinization soil next to the soda plant. Seven soil sampling sites were selected (S1-S6) in the area close to the soda plant and C (the control). Based on the enzyme activity, also soil indicators were calculated: the resistance index (RS), enzymatic pH indicator [Formula: see text], the factor of the impact of anthropopressure (IF), the biological index of fertility (BIF), and the indices of biochemical soil activity (BA12 and BA13). The above study did not show one-way changes of the parameters investigated. The relations between the parameters and the activity of catalase, dehydrogenase, alkaline, and acid phosphatase show that they are mostly determined by the state of salinity of the soil environment. The calculated index of resistance (RS), as an effective means of the enzymatic response to environmental stress, facilitated putting the enzymes in the following series: CAT>DEH>AlP>AcP. It shows that catalase and dehydrogenases are most resistant to the anthropogenic factor. The calculated values of BA12 and BA13 indices showed the differences between technogenic salinization soils and the soil sampled from the control. The lowest BIF values were observed at S6 and S3, S4, and C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Lemanowicz
- Department of Biogeochemistry and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bernardyńska 6 St., 85-029, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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13
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Dotaniya ML, Pipalde JS. Soil Enzymatic Activities as Influenced by Lead and Nickel Concentrations in a Vertisol of Central India. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 101:380-385. [PMID: 30027446 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A pot-culture was conducted in Completely Randomized Design with three replicates to study the effect of Pb and Ni on enzymatic activities in a Vertisols. Results indicated that increasing in the levels of Pb from 0, 100, 150 and 300 mg kg-1 soil significantly reduced the dehydrogenase activity (DHA) 38.9, 32.1, 30.9, 18.1 µg triphenylformazan g-1 soil 24 h-1; acid phosphatase activities 73, 61, 58, 55 µg PNP g-1 soil h-1 and alkaline phosphatase activities 80.7, 69.4, 66.2 and 64.0 µg PNP g-1 soil h-1, respectively. Application of Ni up to 100 mg kg-1 had significantly improved the soil enzymatic activities and thereafter there was no such change up to the highest level (300 mg Ni kg-1). Among soil enzymatic activities, DHA was more sensitive to Pb application. The findings generated through this study can be useful for managing waste water for safe disposal as well as sustainable crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Dotaniya
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal, 462 038, India.
| | - J S Pipalde
- Department of Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry, RAK College of Agriculture, Sehore, 466 001, India
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14
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Xu M, Zhang R, Song W, Zong W, Liu R. Probing the toxic mechanism of bisphenol A with acid phosphatase at the molecular level. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:11431-11439. [PMID: 29423697 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
As an endocrine-disrupting chemical, bisphenol A (BPA), can affect normal endocrine function of hormone. This paper studied the toxic effect of BPA on acid phosphatase at the molecular level by multi-spectroscopic measurements, molecular docking, and enzyme activity experiment. BPA could enhance the fluorescence intensity, change the structure, and cause an increased hydrophobicity of acid phosphatase. Hydrogen bond interaction and van der Waals forces were the main forces to generate the BPA-acid phosphatase complex on account of the negative ΔH (- 36.92 kJ mol-1) and ΔS (- 50.78 J mol-1 K-1). BPA led to the loosening and unfolding of protein structure and extending the peptide strands, as revealed by UV-vis absorption and CD spectra. Based on the enzyme activity experiment, BPA could decrease the activity of the acid phosphatase by entering the active site of the enzyme. The molecular docking model showed that BPA could bind into the cavity of acid phosphatase and interact with Tyr A252 and a hydrogen bond (1.47 Å) was formed in the binding process. This work suggested the structures and functions of acid phosphatase were both affected by BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China -America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China -America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China -America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Population, Resources and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China -America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, Shandong University, 27# Shanda South Road, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Luo L, Meng H, Wu RN, Gu JD. Impact of nitrogen pollution/deposition on extracellular enzyme activity, microbial abundance and carbon storage in coastal mangrove sediment. Chemosphere 2017; 177:275-283. [PMID: 28314232 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study applied different concentration of NaNO3 solution to simulate the effect of inorganic nitrogen (N) deposition/pollution on carbon (C) storage in coastal mangrove sediment through observing the changes of enzyme activity and microbial abundance. Sediment collected from mangrove forest (MG) and intertidal zone (IZ) were incubated with different N rates (0 (control), 5 (low-N) and 20 (high-N) μg N g-1 dry sediment, respectively). After incubation, the activities of phenol oxidase (PHO) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were enhanced, but β-glucosidase (GLU) and N-β-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were reduced by N addition. The altered enzymatic stoichiometries by N input implied that microbial phosphorus (P) limitation was increased, whereas C and N limitation were alleviated. Besides, N input decreased the bacterial abundance but increased fungal abundance in both types of sediment. The increased pH and soluble phenolics along with the exacerbated P limitation by N addition might explain these changes. Furthermore, sediment with N addition (except high-N treated MG sediment) showed a trend of C sequestration, which might be largely caused by the decrease of bacterial abundance and GLU activity. However, MG sediment with high-N suggested a trend of C loss, and the possible reason for this discrepancy might be the relatively higher increase of PHO and ACP activity. To better understand the influence of N deposition/pollution on C cycling, the long-term N effect on microorganisms, enzymes, and thus C storage should be paid more attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Luo
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China; Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Han Meng
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ruo-Nan Wu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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16
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Zheng K, Song W, Sun A, Chen X, Liu J, Luo Q, Wu J. Enzymatic Production of Ascorbic Acid-2-phosphate by Recombinant Acid Phosphatase. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:4161-4166. [PMID: 28481094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an environmentally friendly and efficient enzymatic method for the synthesis of l-ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AsA-2P) from l-ascorbic acid (AsA) was developed. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa acid phosphatase (PaAPase) was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. The optimal temperature, optimal pH, Km, kcat, and catalytic efficiency of recombinant PaAPase were 50 °C, 5.0, 93 mM, 4.2 s-1, and 2.7 mM-1 min-1, respectively. The maximal dry cell weight and PaAPase phosphorylating activity reached 8.5 g/L and 1127.7 U/L, respectively. The highest AsA-2P concentration (50.0 g/L) and the maximal conversion (39.2%) were obtained by incubating 75 g/L intact cells with 88 g/L AsA and 160 g/L sodium pyrophosphate under optimal conditions (0.1 mM Ca2+, pH 4.0, 30 °C) for 10 h; the average AsA-2P production rate was 5.0 g/L/h, and the AsA-2P production system was successfully scaled up to a 7.5 L fermenter. Therefore, the enzymatic process showed great potential for production of AsA-2P in industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Anran Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiuling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China
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17
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Volodina KV, Avnir D, Vinogradov VV. Alumina nanoparticle-assisted enzyme refolding: A versatile methodology for proteins renaturation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1458. [PMID: 28469182 PMCID: PMC5431136 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a high-yield method for the renaturation of negatively charged enzymes. The approach is based on the use of alumina nanoparticles, which after electrostatic interaction with denatured protein molecules, prevent their aggregation and make the process of refolding controllable. The method, demonstrated by the renaturation of several enzymes, is efficient, rapid, employs a minimal amount of reagents and even can be applied to renature mixture of the denatured enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina V Volodina
- ITMO University, Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, Lomonosova St. 9, 191002, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - David Avnir
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190402, Israel
| | - Vladimir V Vinogradov
- ITMO University, Laboratory of Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies, Lomonosova St. 9, 191002, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation.
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18
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Cordovil CMDS, de Varennes A, Pinto RMDS, Alves TF, Mendes P, Sampaio SC. Decomposition rate and enzymatic activity of composted municipal waste and poultry manure in the soil in a biofuel crops field. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:2245-2255. [PMID: 27620351 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofuel crops are gaining importance because of the need to replace non-renewable sources. Also, due to the increasing amounts of wastes generated, there is the need to recycle them to the soil, both to fertilize crops and to improve soil physical properties through organic matter increase and microbiological changes in the rhizosphere. We therefore studied the influence of six biofuel crops (elephant grass, giant cane, sugarcane, blue gum, black cottonwood, willow) on the decomposition rate and enzymatic activity of composted municipal solid waste and poultry manure. Organic amendments were incubated in the field (litterbag method), buried near each plant or bare soil. Biomass decrease and dehydrogenase, urease and acid phosphatase level in amendments was monitored over a 180-day period. Soil under the litterbags was analysed for the same enzymatic activity and organic matter fractions (last sampling). After 365 days, a fractionation of organic matter was carried out in both amendments and soil under the litterbags. RESULTS For compost, willow and sugarcane generally led to the greatest enzymatic activity, at the end of the experiment. For manure, dehydrogenase activity decreased sharply with time, the smallest value near sugarcane, while phosphatase and urease generally presented the highest values, at the beginning or after 90 days' incubation. Clustering showed that plant species could be grouped based on biomass and enzymes measured over time. CONCLUSIONS Plant species influenced the decomposition rate and enzymatic activities of the organic amendments. Overall, mineralization of both amendments was associated with a greater urease activity in soils. Dehydrogenase activity in manure was closely associated with urease activity. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amarilis de Varennes
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Tiago Filipe Alves
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Mendes
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sílvio César Sampaio
- Research Group on Water Resources and Environmental Sanitation, Western Paraná State University, UNIOESTE/Cascavel/ CCET/PGEAGRI, 85819-110, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
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19
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Abstract
Autolysosomes are organelles that sequester and degrade a portion of the cytoplasm during autophagy. Although autophagosomes are short lived compared to other organelles such as mitochondria, plastids, and peroxisomes, many autolysosomes accumulate in tobacco BY-2 cells cultured under sucrose starvation conditions in the presence of a cysteine protease inhibitor. We here describe our methodology for isolating autolysosomes from BY-2 cells by conventional cell fractionation using a Percoll gradient. The autolysosome fraction separates clearly from fractions containing mitochondria and peroxisomes. It contains acid phosphatase, vacuolar H+-ATPase, and protease activity. Electron micrographs show that the fraction contains partially degraded cytoplasm seen in autolysosomes before isolation although an autolysosome structure is only partially preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuko Inoue-Aono
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yuji Moriyasu
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan.
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20
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Busato JG, Papa G, Canellas LP, Adani F, de Oliveira AL, Leão TP. Phosphatase activity and its relationship with physical and chemical parameters during vermicomposting of filter cake and cattle manure. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:1223-1230. [PMID: 25872004 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recycling of phosphorus (P) from organic residues (ORs) is important to develop environmentally friendly agriculture. The use of this P source depends on phosphatase enzymes, which can be affected by a chain of parameters during maturation of ORs. In this study the phosphatase activity levels throughout vermicomposting of filter cake (FC) and cattle manure (CM) were correlated with different physical and chemical parameters in an effort to increase the knowledge about recycling of P from ORs. RESULTS FC presented higher total nitrogen content (TNC), total organic carbon (TOC), humic acid (HA) content, water-soluble P (WSP), phosphatase activities and nanopore volume than CM during vermicomposting. Decreases in TOC of CM resulted from carbohydrate mineralization, which was not observed for FC. CM showed increased hydrophobic index during vermicomposting while FC showed a slight decrease. CONCLUSION Phosphatase activities correlated positively with TOC, pH and WSP and negatively with HA content for both vermicomposts. Nanopore volume was negatively correlated with phosphatase activities for FC but not for CM. No correlations between hydrophobicity and phosphatase activities were found for FC. Increased hydrophobicity throughout vermicomposting of CM could be partially associated with decreases in phosphatase levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jader Galba Busato
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Caixa Postal 4508, CEP 70910-970, Brasília, (DF), Brazil
| | - Gabriella Papa
- Gruppo RICICLA, Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 02, I-20133, Milan (MI), Italy
| | - Luciano Pasqualoto Canellas
- NUDIBA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013-303, Campos dos Goytacazes, (RJ), Brazil
| | - Fabrizio Adani
- Gruppo RICICLA, Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 02, I-20133, Milan (MI), Italy
| | - Aline Lima de Oliveira
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70910-970, Brasília, (DF), Brazil
| | - Tairone Paiva Leão
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Caixa Postal 4508, CEP 70910-970, Brasília, (DF), Brazil
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21
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Souza AA, Leitão VO, Ramada MH, Mehdad A, Georg RDC, Ulhôa CJ, de Freitas SM. Trichoderma harzianum Produces a New Thermally Stable Acid Phosphatase, with Potential for Biotechnological Application. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150455. [PMID: 26938873 PMCID: PMC4777480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid phosphatases (ACPases) are produced by a variety of fungi and have gained attention due their biotechnological potential in industrial, diagnosis and bioremediation processes. These enzymes play a specific role in scavenging, mobilization and acquisition of phosphate, enhancing soil fertility and plant growth. In this study, a new ACPase from Trichoderma harzianum, named ACPase II, was purified and characterized as a glycoprotein belonging to the acid phosphatase family. ACPase II presents an optimum pH and temperature of 3.8 and 65 °C, respectively, and is stable at 55 °C for 120 min, retaining 60% of its activity. The enzyme did not require metal divalent ions, but was inhibited by inorganic phosphate and tungstate. Affinity for several phosphate substrates was observed, including phytate, which is the major component of phosphorus in plant foods. The inhibition of ACPase II by tungstate and phosphate at different pH values is consistent with the inability of the substrate to occupy its active site due to electrostatic contacts that promote conformational changes, as indicated by fluorescence spectroscopy. A higher affinity for tungstate rather than phosphate at pH 4.0 was observed, in accordance with its highest inhibitory effect. Results indicate considerable biotechnological potential of the ACPase II in soil environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Araújo Souza
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Oliveira Leitão
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Henrique Ramada
- Laboratory of Mass Espectrometry, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia – 70770-917, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Azadeh Mehdad
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Raphaela de Castro Georg
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Institute of Biology, University Federal of Goiás, 74001-970, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Cirano José Ulhôa
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Institute of Biology, University Federal of Goiás, 74001-970, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Sonia Maria de Freitas
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Department of Cellular Biology, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Pal Roy M, Mazumdar D, Dutta S, Saha SP, Ghosh S. Cloning and Expression of Phytase appA Gene from Shigella sp. CD2 in Pichia pastoris and Comparison of Properties with Recombinant Enzyme Expressed in E. coli. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0145745. [PMID: 26808559 PMCID: PMC4726635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytase gene appAS was isolated from Shigella sp. CD2 genomic library. The 3.8 kb DNA fragment contained 1299 bp open reading frame encoding 432 amino acid protein (AppAS) with 22 amino acid signal peptide at N-terminal and three sites of N-glycosylation. AppAS contained the active site RHGXRXP and HDTN sequence motifs, which are conserved among histidine acid phosphatases. It showed maximum identity with phytase AppA of Escherichia coli and Citrobacter braakii. The appAS was expressed in Pichia pastoris and E. coli to produce recombinant phytase rAppAP and rAppAE, respectively. Purified glycosylated rAppAP and nonglycosylated rAppAE had specific activity of 967 and 2982 U mg-1, respectively. Both had pH optima of 5.5 and temperature optima of 60°C. Compared with rAppAE, rAppAP was 13 and 17% less active at pH 3.5 and 7.5 and 11 and 18% less active at temperature 37 and 50°C, respectively; however, it was more active at higher incubation temperatures. Thermotolerance of rAppAP was 33% greater at 60°C and 24% greater at 70°C, when compared with rAppAE. Both the recombinant enzymes showed high specificity to phytate and resistance to trypsin. To our knowledge, this is the first report on cloning and expression of phytase from Shigella sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushree Pal Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Deepika Mazumdar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Subhabrata Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Shyama Prasad Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
| | - Shilpi Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, India
- * E-mail:
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23
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Wu XD, Chen HG, Zhou X, Huang Y, Hu EM, Jiang ZM, Zhao C, Gong XJ, Deng QF. Studies on Chromatographic Fingerprint and Fingerprinting Profile-Efficacy Relationship of Saxifraga stolonifera Meerb. Molecules 2015; 20:22781-98. [PMID: 26703540 PMCID: PMC6332099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the spectrum-effect relationships between high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints and the anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia activities of aqueous extracts from Saxifraga stolonifera. The fingerprints of S. stolonifera from various sources were established by HPLC and evaluated by similarity analysis (SA), hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Nine samples were obtained from these 24 batches of different origins, according to the results of SA, HCA and the common chromatographic peaks area. A testosterone-induced mouse model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was used to establish the anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia activities of these nine S. stolonifera samples. The model was evaluated by analyzing prostatic index (PI), serum acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, concentrations of serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT), prostatic acid phosphatase (PACP) and type II 5α-reductase (SRD5A2). The spectrum-effect relationships between HPLC fingerprints and anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia activities were investigated using Grey Correlation Analysis (GRA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). The results showed that a close correlation existed between the fingerprints and anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia activities, and peak 14 (chlorogenic acid), peak 17 (quercetin 5-O-β-d-glucopyranoside) and peak 18 (quercetin 3-O-β-l-rhamno-pyranoside) in the HPLC fingerprints might be the main active components against anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia. This work provides a general model for the study of spectrum-effect relationships of S. stolonifera by combing HPLC fingerprints with a testosterone-induced mouse model of BPH, which can be employed to discover the principle components of anti-benign prostatic hyperplasia bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Dong Wu
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 50 Shidong Rd., Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China.
| | - Hua-Guo Chen
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xin Zhou
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 50 Shidong Rd., Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China.
| | - Ya Huang
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
- Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 50 Shidong Rd., Guiyang 550002, Guizhou, China.
| | - En-Ming Hu
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
| | - Zheng-Meng Jiang
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
| | - Chao Zhao
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Jian Gong
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
| | - Qing-Fang Deng
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control & Evaluation Technology of Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
- The Research Center for Quality Control of Natural Medicine, Guizhou Normal University, 116 Baoshan North Rd., Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China.
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Leyria J, Fruttero LL, Nazar M, Canavoso LE. The Role of DmCatD, a Cathepsin D-Like Peptidase, and Acid Phosphatase in the Process of Follicular Atresia in Dipetalogaster maxima (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a Vector of Chagas' Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130144. [PMID: 26091289 PMCID: PMC4474837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we have investigated the involvement of DmCatD, a cathepsin D-like peptidase, and acid phosphatase in the process of follicular atresia of Dipetalogaster maxima, a hematophagous insect vector of Chagas' disease. For the studies, fat bodies, ovaries and hemolymph were sampled from anautogenous females at representative days of the reproductive cycle: pre-vitellogenesis, vitellogenesis as well as early and late atresia. Real time PCR (qPCR) and western blot assays showed that DmCatD was expressed in fat bodies and ovaries at all reproductive stages, being the expression of its active form significantly higher at the atretic stages. In hemolymph samples, only the immunoreactive band compatible with pro-DmCatD was observed by western blot. Acid phosphatase activity in ovarian tissues significantly increased during follicular atresia in comparison to pre-vitellogenesis and vitellogenesis. A further enzyme characterization with inhibitors showed that the high levels of acid phosphatase activity in atretic ovaries corresponded mainly to a tyrosine phosphatase. Immunofluorescence assays demonstrated that DmCatD and tyrosine phosphatase were associated with yolk bodies in vitellogenic follicles, while in atretic stages they displayed a different cellular distribution. DmCatD and tyrosine phosphatase partially co-localized with vitellin. Moreover, their interaction was supported by FRET analysis. In vitro assays using homogenates of atretic ovaries as the enzyme source and enzyme inhibitors demonstrated that DmCatD, together with a tyrosine phosphatase, were necessary to promote the degradation of vitellin. Taken together, the results strongly suggested that both acid hydrolases play a central role in early vitellin proteolysis during the process of follicular atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Leyria
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
| | - Leonardo L. Fruttero
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
| | - Magalí Nazar
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
| | - Lilián E. Canavoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, CP 5000, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Kong Y, Li X, Ma J, Li W, Yan G, Zhang C. GmPAP4, a novel purple acid phosphatase gene isolated from soybean (Glycine max), enhanced extracellular phytate utilization in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Rep 2014; 33:655-67. [PMID: 24595918 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE GmPAP4 , a novel plant PAP gene in soybean, has phytase activity. Over-expressing GmPAP4 can enhance Arabidopsis growth when phytate is the sole P source in culture. Phosphorus (P) is an important macronutrient for plant growth and development. However, most of the total P in soils is fixed into organic phosphate (Po). Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) can hydrolyze Po in the soil to liberate inorganic phosphate and enhance plant P utilization. We isolated a novel PAP gene, GmPAP4, from soybean (Glycine max). It had an open reading frame of 1,329 bp, encoding 442 amino acid residues. Sequence alignment and phylogenetics analysis indicated that GmPAP4 was similar to other plant PAPs with large molecular masses. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the induced expression of GmPAP4 was greater in P-efficient genotype Zhonghuang15 (ZH15) than in P-inefficient genotype Niumaohuang (NMH) during the periods of flowering (28-35 days post phytate stress; DPP) and pod formation (49-63 DPP). Moreover, peak expression, at 63 DPP, was about 3-fold higher in 'ZH15' than in 'NMH'. Sub-cellular localization showed that GmPAP4 might be on plasma membrane or in cytoplasm. Over-expressing GmPAP4 in Arabidopsis resulted in significant rises in P acquisition and utilization compared with the wild-type (WT). Under phytate condition, transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed increases of approximately 132.7 % in dry weight and 162.6 % in shoot P content compared with the WT. Furthermore, when phytate was added as the sole P source in cultures, the activity of acid phosphatase was significantly higher in transgenic plants. Therefore, GmPAP4 is a novel PAP gene that functions in plant's utilization of organic phosphate especially under phytate condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Kong
- North China Key Laboratory for Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, People's Republic of China
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Cheng Y, Liu Y, Wu B, Zhang JZ, Gu J, Liao YL, Wang FK, Mao XH, Yu XJ. Proteomic analysis of the Ehrlichia chaffeensis phagosome in cultured DH82 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88461. [PMID: 24558391 PMCID: PMC3928192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular bacterium that resides and multiplies within cytoplasmic vacuoles of phagocytes. The Ehrlichia-containing vacuole (ECV) does not fuse with lysosomes, an essential condition for Ehrlichia to survive inside phagocytes, but the mechanism of inhibiting the fusion of the phagosome with lysosomes is not clear. Understanding the ECV molecular composition may decipher the mechanism by which Ehrlichia inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion. In this study, we obtained highly purified ECVs from E. chaffeensis-infected DH82 cells by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and analyzed their composition by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. The ECV composition was compared with that of phagolysosomes containing latex beads. Lysosomal proteins such as cathepsin D, cathepsin S, and lysosomal acid phosphatase were not detected in E. chaffeensis phagosome preparations. Some small GTPases, involved in membrane dynamics and phagocytic trafficking, were detected in ECVs. A notable finding was that Rab7, a late endosomal marker, was consistently detected in E. chaffeensis phagosomes by mass spectrometry. Confocal microscopy confirmed that E. chaffeensis phagosomes contained Rab7 and were acidified at approximately pH 5.2, suggesting that the E. chaffeensis vacuole was an acidified late endosomal compartment. Our results also demonstrated by mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence analysis that Ehrlichia morulae were not associated with the autophagic pathway. Ehrlichia chaffeensis did not inhibit phagosomes containing latex beads from fusing with lysosomes in infected cells. We concluded that the E. chaffeensis vacuole was a late endosome and E. chaffeensis might inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion by modifying its vacuolar membrane composition, rather than by regulating the expression of host genes involved in trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Anhui Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Jiangsu Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian-zhi Zhang
- School of Health Professions, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ya-ling Liao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fu-kun Wang
- Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xu-hu Mao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medical Laboratory, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (XJY); (XM)
| | - Xue-jie Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (XJY); (XM)
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Cheng F, Peng X, Zhao P, Yuan J, Zhong C, Cheng Y, Cui C, Zhang S. Soil microbial biomass, basal respiration and enzyme activity of main forest types in the Qinling Mountains. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67353. [PMID: 23840671 PMCID: PMC3696108 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Different forest types exert essential impacts on soil physical-chemical characteristics by dominant tree species producing diverse litters and root exudates, thereby further regulating size and activity of soil microbial communities. However, the study accuracy is usually restricted by differences in climate, soil type and forest age. Our objective is to precisely quantify soil microbial biomass, basal respiration and enzyme activity of five natural secondary forest (NSF) types with the same stand age and soil type in a small climate region and to evaluate relationship between soil microbial and physical-chemical characters. We determined soil physical-chemical indices and used the chloroform fumigation-extraction method, alkali absorption method and titration or colorimetry to obtain the microbial data. Our results showed that soil physical-chemical characters remarkably differed among the NSFs. Microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) was the highest in wilson spruce soils, while microbial biomass nitrogen (Nmic) was the highest in sharptooth oak soils. Moreover, the highest basal respiration was found in the spruce soils, but mixed, Chinese pine and spruce stands exhibited a higher soil qCO2. The spruce soils had the highest Cmic/Nmic ratio, the greatest Nmic/TN and Cmic/Corg ratios were found in the oak soils. Additionally, the spruce soils had the maximum invertase activity and the minimum urease and catalase activities, but the maximum urease and catalase activities were found in the mixed stand. The Pearson correlation and principle component analyses revealed that the soils of spruce and oak stands obviously discriminated from other NSFs, whereas the others were similar. This suggested that the forest types affected soil microbial properties significantly due to differences in soil physical-chemical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cheng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaobang Peng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chonggao Zhong
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yalong Cheng
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cui Cui
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuoxin Zhang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Qinling National Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Pfahler V, Dürr-Auster T, Tamburini F, M Bernasconi S, Frossard E. 18O enrichment in phosphorus pools extracted from soybean leaves. New Phytol 2013; 197:186-193. [PMID: 23106517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the isotopic composition of oxygen bound to phosphate (δ(18)O-PO(4)) in different phosphorus (P) pools in plant leaves. As a model plant we used soybean (Glycine max cv Toliman) grown in the presence of ample P in hydroponic cultures. The leaf blades were extracted with 0.3 M trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and with 10 M nitric acid. These extractions allowed measurement of the TCA-soluble reactive P (TCA P) that is rapidly cycled within the cell and the total leaf P. The difference between total leaf P and TCA P yielded the structural P which includes organic P compounds not extractable by TCA. P uptake and its translocation and transformation within the soybean plants lead to an (18)O enrichment of TCA P (δ(18)O-PO(4) between 16.9 and 27.5‰) and structural P (δ(18)O-PO(4) between 42.6 and 68.0 ‰) compared with 12.4‰ in the phosphate in the nutrient solution. δ(18)O values of phosphate extracted from soybean leaves grown under optimal conditions are greater than the δ(18)O-PO(4) values of the provided P source. Furthermore, the δ(18)O-PO(4) of TCA P seems to be controlled by the δ(18)O of leaf water and the activity of inorganic pyrophosphatase or other pyrophosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pfahler
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 33, 8315, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Dürr-Auster
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 33, 8315, Lindau, Switzerland
| | - Federica Tamburini
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 33, 8315, Lindau, Switzerland
| | | | - Emmanuel Frossard
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Eschikon 33, 8315, Lindau, Switzerland
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Babich L, Hartog AF, van Hemert LJC, Rutjes FPJT, Wever R. Synthesis of carbohydrates in a continuous flow reactor by immobilized phosphatase and aldolase. ChemSusChem 2012; 5:2348-2353. [PMID: 23150241 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a new flow process with immobilized enzymes to synthesize complex chiral carbohydrate analogues from achiral inexpensive building blocks in a three-step cascade reaction. The first reactor contained immobilized acid phosphatase, which phosphorylated dihydroxyacetone to dihydroxyacetone phosphate using pyrophosphate as the phosphate donor. The second flow reactor contained fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (RAMA, rabbit muscle aldolase) or rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (RhuA from Thermotoga maritima) and acid phosphatase. The immobilized aldolases coupled the formed dihydroxyacetone phosphate to aldehydes, resulting in phosphorylated carbohydrates. A final reactor containing acid phosphatase that dephosphorylated the phosphorylated product yielded the final product. Different aldehydes were used to synthesize carbohydrates on a gram scale. To demonstrate the feasibility of the flow systems, we synthesized 0.6 g of the D-fagomine precursor. By using immobilized aldolase RhuA we were also able to obtain other stereoisomers of the D-fagomine precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Babich
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Calabi-Floody M, Velásquez G, Gianfreda L, Saggar S, Bolan N, Rumpel C, Mora ML. Improving bioavailability of phosphorous from cattle dung by using phosphatase immobilized on natural clay and nanoclay. Chemosphere 2012; 89:648-55. [PMID: 22776253 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The high P retention of acidic Andisols makes necessary to increase our technological approaches in pasture management in the animal system production. Here, we evaluated the clay- or nanoclay-acid phosphatase complexes for improving phosphorus mineralization from degraded cattle dung. We implemented an immobilization mechanism of acid phosphatase (AP) using natural clays (allophanic and montmorillonite) and nanoclays as support materials. Also, we evaluated the mineralization of organic P containing in decomposed cattle dung with clay- and nanoclay-AP complexes by incubation studies. Clays and nanoclays were characterized by microscopy techniques as atomic force and confocal-laser scanning microscopy. We found that these support materials stabilized AP by encapsulation. Our results showed that immobilization on allophanic or montmorillonite materials improved both the specific activity (4-48%) and the V(max) (28-38%) of AP. Moreover, the enzyme had a better performance when immobilized on clay and nanoclay from Andisol than on montmorillonite materials. Phosphorous mineralization of cattle dung was regulated by water-soluble P present in the dung and P re-adsorption on allophanic materials. However, we were able to detect a potential capacity of AP immobilized on allophanic nanoclays as the best alternative for P mineralization. Further research with initially low water-soluble P containing organic materials is required to quantify the P mineralization potential and bioavailability of P from dung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Calabi-Floody
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN-UFRO), Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
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31
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Xie Y, Tan Y, Liu R, Zhao R, Tan C, Jiang Y. Continuous and sensitive acid phosphatase assay based on a conjugated polyelectrolyte. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2012; 4:3784-3787. [PMID: 22812479 DOI: 10.1021/am3011498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel continuous and sensitive fluorescence turn-on assay for ACPs, which consists of a cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte (PPE4+) and a commonly used phosphatase substrate p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP). The kinetics of the ACP catalyzed hydrolysis of the substrate pNPP was monitored by the fluorescence change of PPE4+ and corresponding kinetic parameters were derived to be consistent with the literature reports. The applications of PPE4+/pNPP-based ACP assay in high-throughput screening of ACP inhibitors and detection of prostatic acid phosphotase (PAP) in vitro were demonstrated.
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32
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Pemberton TA, Still BR, Christensen EM, Singh H, Srivastava D, Tanner JJ. Proline: Mother Nature's cryoprotectant applied to protein crystallography. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2012; 68:1010-8. [PMID: 22868767 PMCID: PMC3413213 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444912019580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
L-Proline is one of Mother Nature's cryoprotectants. Plants and yeast accumulate proline under freeze-induced stress and the use of proline in the cryopreservation of biological samples is well established. Here, it is shown that L-proline is also a useful cryoprotectant for protein crystallography. Proline was used to prepare crystals of lysozyme, xylose isomerase, histidine acid phosphatase and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase for low-temperature data collection. The crystallization solutions in these test cases included the commonly used precipitants ammonium sulfate, sodium chloride and polyethylene glycol and spanned the pH range 4.6-8.5. Thus, proline is compatible with typical protein-crystallization formulations. The proline concentration needed for cryoprotection of these crystals is in the range 2.0-3.0 M. Complete data sets were collected from the proline-protected crystals. Proline performed as well as traditional cryoprotectants based on the diffraction resolution and data-quality statistics. The structures were refined to assess the binding of proline to these proteins. As observed with traditional cryoprotectants such as glycerol and ethylene glycol, the electron-density maps clearly showed the presence of proline molecules bound to the protein. In two cases, histidine acid phosphatase and 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase, proline binds in the active site. It is concluded that L-proline is an effective cryoprotectant for protein crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis A. Pemberton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Brady R. Still
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Emily M. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Harkewal Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Dhiraj Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - John J. Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Soni SK, Selvakannan PR, Bhargava SK, Bansal V. Self-assembled histidine acid phosphatase nanocapsules in ionic liquid [BMIM][BF4] as functional templates for hollow metal nanoparticles. Langmuir 2012; 28:10389-10397. [PMID: 22724457 DOI: 10.1021/la3014128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We report the biomacromolecular self-assembly of histidine acid phosphatase (HAP), an enzyme of significant biomedical and industrial importance, in the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF(4)]). The spontaneous self-assembly of HAP enzyme in [BMIM][BF(4)] results in the formation of HAP nanocapsules. The HAP enzyme molecules were found to retain their enzymatic activity after the self-assembly process, which enabled us to utilize self-assembled HAP capsules as self-catalyzing templates for the synthesis of a range of hollow metal nanoparticles (Au, Ag, Pd, and Ni) without employing any additional reducing agent. The hollow metal nanospheres with HAP encapsulated within their cavity were found to retain enzymatic activity for at least up to four cycles, as demonstrated in the case of Au-coated HAP capsules as the model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh K Soni
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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34
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Sun F, Suen PK, Zhang Y, Liang C, Carrie C, Whelan J, Ward JL, Hawkins ND, Jiang L, Lim BL. A dual-targeted purple acid phosphatase in Arabidopsis thaliana moderates carbon metabolism and its overexpression leads to faster plant growth and higher seed yield. New Phytol 2012; 194:206-219. [PMID: 22269069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.04026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
• Overexpression of AtPAP2, a purple acid phosphatase (PAP) with a unique C-terminal hydrophobic motif in Arabidopsis, resulted in earlier bolting and a higher seed yield. Metabolite analysis showed that the shoots of AtPAP2 overexpression lines contained higher levels of sugars and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) metabolites. Enzyme assays showed that sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity was significantly upregulated in the overexpression lines. The higher SPS activity arose from a higher level of SPS protein, and was independent of SnRK1. • AtPAP2 was found to be targeted to both plastids and mitochondria via its C-terminal hydrophobic motif. Ectopic expression of a truncated AtPAP2 without this C-terminal motif in Arabidopsis indicated that the subcellular localization of AtPAP2 is essential for its biological actions. • Plant PAPs are generally considered to mediate phosphorus acquisition and redistribution. AtPAP2 is the first PAP shown to modulate carbon metabolism and the first shown to be dual-targeted to both plastids and mitochondria by a C-terminal targeting signal. • One PAP-like sequence carrying a hydrophobic C-terminal motif could be identified in the genome of the smallest free-living photosynthetic eukaryote, Ostreococcus tauri. This might reflect a common ancestral function of AtPAP2-like sequences in the regulation of carbon metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Kit Suen
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chris Carrie
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
| | - Jane L Ward
- National Centre for Plant and Microbial Metabolomics, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Nathaniel D Hawkins
- National Centre for Plant and Microbial Metabolomics, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Herts, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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35
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Wu HY, Liu MS, Lin TP, Cheng YS. Structural and functional assays of AtTLP18.3 identify its novel acid phosphatase activity in thylakoid lumen. Plant Physiol 2011; 157:1015-25. [PMID: 21908686 PMCID: PMC3252143 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.184739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The membrane protein AtTLP18.3 of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains a domain of unknown function, DUF477; it forms a polysome with photosynthetic apparatuses in the thylakoid lumen. To explore the molecular function of AtTLP18.3, we resolved its crystal structures with residues 83 to 260, the DUF477 only, and performed a series of biochemical analyses to discover its function. The gene expression of AtTLP18.3 followed a circadian rhythm. X-ray crystallography revealed the folding of AtTLP18.3 as a three-layer sandwich with three α-helices in the upper layer, four β-sheets in the middle layer, and two α-helices in the lower layer, which resembles a Rossmann fold. Structural comparison suggested that AtTLP18.3 might be a phosphatase. The enzymatic activity of AtTLP18.3 was further confirmed by phosphatase assay with various substrates (e.g. p-nitrophenyl phosphate, 6,8-difluoro-4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate, O-phospho-L-serine, and several synthetic phosphopeptides). Furthermore, we obtained the structure of AtTLP18.3 in complex with O-phospho-L-serine to identify the binding site of AtTLP18.3. Our structural and biochemical studies revealed that AtTLP18.3 has the molecular function of a novel acid phosphatase in the thylakoid lumen. DUF477 is accordingly renamed the thylakoid acid phosphatase domain.
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Wang L, Li Z, Qian W, Guo W, Gao X, Huang L, Wang H, Zhu H, Wu JW, Wang D, Liu D. The Arabidopsis purple acid phosphatase AtPAP10 is predominantly associated with the root surface and plays an important role in plant tolerance to phosphate limitation. Plant Physiol 2011; 157:1283-99. [PMID: 21941000 PMCID: PMC3252131 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.183723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Induction of secreted acid phosphatase (APase) is a universal response of higher plants to phosphate (Pi) limitation. These enzymes are thought to scavenge Pi from organophosphate compounds in the rhizosphere and thus to increase Pi availability to plants when Pi is deficient. The tight association of secreted APase with the root surface may make plants more efficient in the utilization of soil Pi around root tissues, which is present in organophosphate forms. To date, however, no systematic molecular, biochemical, and functional studies have been reported for any of the Pi starvation-induced APases that are associated with the root surface after secretion. In this work, using genetic and molecular approaches, we identified Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) Purple Acid Phosphatase10 (AtPAP10) as a Pi starvation-induced APase that is predominantly associated with the root surface. The AtPAP10 protein has phosphatase activity against a variety of substrates. Expression of AtPAP10 is specifically induced by Pi limitation at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Functional analyses of multiple atpap10 mutant alleles and overexpressing lines indicated that AtPAP10 plays an important role in plant tolerance to Pi limitation. Genetic manipulation of AtPAP10 expression may provide an effective means for engineering new crops with increased tolerance to Pi deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dong Liu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China (L.W., Z.L., W.G., X.G., L.H., H.W., J.-W.W., D.L.); State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (W.Q., H.Z., D.W.)
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Dionisio G, Madsen CK, Holm PB, Welinder KG, Jørgensen M, Stoger E, Arcalis E, Brinch-Pedersen H. Cloning and characterization of purple acid phosphatase phytases from wheat, barley, maize, and rice. Plant Physiol 2011; 156:1087-100. [PMID: 21220762 PMCID: PMC3135953 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.164756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) possess significant phytase activity in the mature grains. Maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa) possess little or virtually no preformed phytase activity in the mature grain and depend fully on de novo synthesis during germination. Here, it is demonstrated that wheat, barley, maize, and rice all possess purple acid phosphatase (PAP) genes that, expressed in Pichia pastoris, give fully functional phytases (PAPhys) with very similar enzyme kinetics. Preformed wheat PAPhy was localized to the protein crystalloid of the aleurone vacuole. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that PAPhys possess four conserved domains unique to the PAPhys. In barley and wheat, the PAPhy genes can be grouped as PAPhy_a or PAPhy_b isogenes (barley, HvPAPhy_a, HvPAPhy_b1, and HvPAPhy_b2; wheat, TaPAPhy_a1, TaPAPhy_a2, TaPAPhy_b1, and TaPAPhy_b2). In rice and maize, only the b type (OsPAPhy_b and ZmPAPhy_b, respectively) were identified. HvPAPhy_a and HvPAPhy_b1/b2 share 86% and TaPAPhya1/a2 and TaPAPhyb1/b2 share up to 90% (TaPAPhy_a2 and TaPAPhy_b2) identical amino acid sequences. despite of this, PAPhy_a and PAPhy_b isogenes are differentially expressed during grain development and germination. In wheat, it was demonstrated that a and b isogene expression is driven by different promoters (approximately 31% identity). TaPAPhy_a/b promoter reporter gene expression in transgenic grains and peptide mapping of TaPAPhy purified from wheat bran and germinating grains confirmed that the PAPhy_a isogene set present in wheat/barley but not in rice/maize is the origin of high phytase activity in mature grains.
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Grzelakowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Hur YJ, Jin BR, Nam J, Chung YS, Lee JH, Choi HK, Yun DJ, Yi G, Kim YH, Kim DH. Molecular characterization of OsPAP2: transgenic expression of a purple acid phosphatase up-regulated in phosphate-deprived rice suspension cells. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 32:163-70. [PMID: 19838636 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A phosphate starvation-induced, purple, acid phosphatase cDNA was cloned from rice, Oryza sativa. The cDNA encoding the phosphatase (OsPAP2) has 1,893 bp with an open reading frame of 630 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of OsPAP2 shows identities of 60-63% with other plant purple acid phosphatases and appears to have five conserved motifs containing the residues involved in metal binding. OsPAP2 expression is up-regulated in the rice plant and in cell cultures in the absence of phosphate (P( i )). The induced expression of OsPAP2 is a specific response to P( i ) starvation, and is not affected by the deprivation of other nutrients. OsPAP2 expression was responsive to the level of P( i )-supply, and transcripts of OsPAP2 were abundant in P( i )-deprived roots. The OsPAP2 cDNA was expressed as a 69 kDa polypeptide in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells. In addition, the OsPAP2 gene was introduced into Arabidopsis via an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Functional expression of the OsPAP2 gene in the transgenic Arabidopsis line was confirmed by northern and western blot analyses, as well as by phosphatase activity assays. These results suggest that the OsPAP2 gene can be used to develop new transgenic dicotyledonous plants that are able to adapt to P( i )-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Jae Hur
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, 604-714, Korea
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40
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Olczak AA, Wang G, Maier RJ. Up-expression of NapA and other oxidative stress proteins is a compensatory response to loss of majorHelicobacter pyloristress resistance factors. Free Radic Res 2009; 39:1173-82. [PMID: 16298743 DOI: 10.1080/10715760500306729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-six Helicobacter pylori targeted mutant strains with deficiencies in oxidative stress combating proteins, including 12 double mutant strains were analyzed via physiological and proteomic approaches to distinguish the major expression changes caused by the mutations. Mutations were introduced into both a Mtz(S) and a Mtz(R) strain background. Most of the mutations caused increased growth sensitivity of the strains to oxygen, and they all exhibited clear compensatory up-expression of oxidative stress resistance proteins enabling survival of the bacterium. The most frequent up-expressed oxidative stress resistance factor (observed in 16 of the mutants) was the iron-sequestering protein NapA, linking iron sequestration with oxidative stress resistance. The up-expression of individual proteins in mutants ranged from 2 to 10 fold that of the wild type strain, even when incubated in a low O(2) environment. For example, a considerably higher level of catalase expression (4 fold of that in the wild-type strain) was observed in ahpC napA and ahpC sodB double mutants. A Fur mutant up-expressed ferritin (Pfr) protein 20-fold. In some mutant strains the bacterial DNA is protected from oxidative stress damage apparently via overexpression of oxidative stress-combating proteins such as NapA, catalase or MdaB (an NADPH quinone reductase). Our results show that H. pylori has a variety of ways to compensate for loss of major oxidative stress combating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Olczak
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, USA
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41
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Weaver JD, Ullah AHJ, Sethumadhavan K, Mullaney EJ, Lei XG. Impact of assay conditions on activity estimate and kinetics comparison of Aspergillus niger PhyA and Escherichia coli AppA2 phytases. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:5315-5320. [PMID: 19530713 DOI: 10.1021/jf900261n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus niger PhyA and Escherichia coli AppA2 are increasingly used in animal feed for phosphorus nutrition and environmental protection. The objective of this study was to determine the impacts of assay conditions on activity estimates of these two phytases and to compare their biochemical characteristics at a pH similar to the stomach environment. The activities of the unpurified AppA2 were more variable than those of PhyA with three commonly used phytase activity assays. The variations associated with AppA2 were accounted for by buffer, pH, and the inclusion of Triton X-100 and BSA by approximately one-third each. At the commonly observed stomach pH of 3.5, the purified AppA2 had a lower affinity to phytate (a higher K(m)), but greater V(max), k(cat), and k(cat)/K(m) than those of PhyA. In summary, differences between AppA2 and PhyA in responses to activity assay conditions and in inherent kinetic properties should be considered in interpreting their feeding efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy D Weaver
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Reilly TJ, Chance DL, Calcutt MJ, Tanner JJ, Felts RL, Waller SC, Henzl MT, Mawhinney TP, Ganjam IK, Fales WH. Characterization of a unique class C acid phosphatase from Clostridium perfringens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:3745-54. [PMID: 19363079 PMCID: PMC2687270 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01599-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2008] [Accepted: 03/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens is a gram-positive anaerobe and a pathogen of medical importance. The detection of acid phosphatase activity is a powerful diagnostic indicator of the presence of C. perfringens among anaerobic isolates; however, characterization of the enzyme has not previously been reported. Provided here are details of the characterization of a soluble recombinant form of this cell-associated enzyme. The denatured enzyme was approximately 31 kDa and a homodimer in solution. It catalyzed the hydrolysis of several substrates, including para-nitrophenyl phosphate, 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate, and 3' and 5' nucleoside monophosphates at pH 6. Calculated K(m)s ranged from 0.2 to 0.6 mM with maximum velocity ranging from 0.8 to 1.6 micromol of P(i)/s/mg. Activity was enhanced in the presence of some divalent cations but diminished in the presence of others. Wild-type enzyme was detected in all clinical C. perfringens isolates tested and found to be cell associated. The described enzyme belongs to nonspecific acid phosphatase class C but is devoid of lipid modification commonly attributed to this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Reilly
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211, USA.
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43
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Ragon M, Hoh F, Aumelas A, Chiche L, Moulin G, Boze H. Structure of Debaryomyces castellii CBS 2923 phytase. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:321-326. [PMID: 19342770 PMCID: PMC2664750 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109008653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) is the primary storage form of phosphate in seeds and legumes (Reddy et al., 1982). Phytases are phosphatases that hydrolyze phytate to less phosphorylated myo-inositol derivatives and inorganic phosphate. The crystal structure of phytase from Debaryomyces castellii has been determined at 2.3 A resolution. The crystals belonged to space group P6(5)22, with unit-cell parameters a = 121.65, c = 332.24 A. The structure was solved by molecular replacement and refined to a final R factor of 15.7% (R(free) = 20.9%). The final model consists of a dimer (with two monomers of 458 residues), five NAG molecules and 628 water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ragon
- UMR IR2B, Equipe Génie Microbiologique et Enzymatique, ENSAM–INRA, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier CEDEX 01, France
| | - F. Hoh
- CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U554, Université Montpellier 1 and 2, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 29 Rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - A. Aumelas
- CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U554, Université Montpellier 1 and 2, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 29 Rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - L. Chiche
- CNRS UMR 5048, INSERM U554, Université Montpellier 1 and 2, Centre de Biochimie Structurale, 29 Rue de Navacelles, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - G. Moulin
- UMR IR2B, Equipe Génie Microbiologique et Enzymatique, ENSAM–INRA, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier CEDEX 01, France
| | - H. Boze
- UMR IR2B, Equipe Génie Microbiologique et Enzymatique, ENSAM–INRA, 2 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier CEDEX 01, France
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Singh H, Felts RL, Ma L, Malinski TJ, Calcutt MJ, Reilly TJ, Tanner JJ. Expression, purification and crystallization of class C acid phosphatases from Francisella tularensis and Pasteurella multocida. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:226-31. [PMID: 19255471 PMCID: PMC2650447 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109001511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Class C nonspecific acid phosphatases are bacterial enzymes that are secreted across the cytoplasmic membrane and hydrolyze a variety of phosphomonoesters at acidic pH. These enzymes are of interest for the development of improved vaccines and clinical diagnostic methods. In one case, the category A pathogen Francisella tularensis, the class C phosphatase plays a role in bacterial fitness. Here, the cloning, expression, purification and crystallization methods for the class C acid phosphatases from F. tularensis and Pasteurella multocida are reported. Crystals of the F. tularensis enzyme diffracted to 2.0 A resolution and belonged to space group C222(1), with one enzyme molecule in the asymmetric unit. Crystals of the P. multocida enzyme diffracted to 1.85 A resolution and belonged to space group C2, with three molecules in the asymmetric unit. Diffraction patterns from crystals of the P. multocida enzyme exhibited multiple interpenetrating reciprocal-space lattices, indicating epitaxial twinning. Despite this aberrance, autoindexing was robust and the data could be satisfactorily processed to 1.85 A resolution using MOSFLM and SCALA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harkewal Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Richard L. Felts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Thomas J. Malinski
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Michael J. Calcutt
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Thomas J. Reilly
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Veterinary Medicine Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - John J. Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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França MGC, Matos AR, D'arcy-Lameta A, Passaquet C, Lichtlé C, Zuily-Fodil Y, Pham-Thi AT. Cloning and characterization of drought-stimulated phosphatidic acid phosphatase genes from Vigna unguiculata. Plant Physiol Biochem 2008; 46:1093-100. [PMID: 18755595 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Under environmental stresses, several lipolytic enzymes are known to be activated and to contribute to membrane lipid turnover and generation of second messengers. In animal cells, phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP, EC 3.1.3.4), which dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid generating diacylglycerol, is long known as an enzyme involved in lipid synthesis and cell signalling. However, knowledge on PAP in plants remains very limited. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize PAP genes in the tropical legume Vigna unguiculata (cowpea), and to study their expression under different stress conditions. Two cDNAs designated as VuPAPalpha and VuPAPbeta were cloned from the leaves of cowpea. Both proteins share sequence homology to animal type 2 PAP, namely, the six transmembrane regions and the consensus sequences corresponding to the catalytic domain of the phosphatase family, like the recently described Arabidopsis LPP (Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase) proteins. The recombinant protein VuPAPalpha expressed in Escherichia coli cells was able to convert phosphatidic acid into diacylglycerol. Unlike VuPAPbeta, VuPAPalpha has an N-terminal transit peptide and was addressed to chloroplast in vitro. Both genes are expressed in several cowpea organs and their transcripts accumulate in leaves in response to water deficit, including progressive dehydration of whole plants and rapid desiccation of detached leaves. No changes in expression of both genes were observed after wounding or by treatment with jasmonic acid. Furthermore, the in silico analysis of VuPAPalpha promoter allowed the identification of several putative drought-related regulatory elements. The possible physiological role of the two cloned PAPs is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Giovanni Costa França
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, ICB, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Chen X, Ouyang H, Tang G, Wang A, Jin C. [Analysis of acid-phosphatase localization in Aspergillus fumigatus by a secreted chimeric green fluorescent protein as reporter]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2008; 48:1330-1338. [PMID: 19160813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In yeast glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring is a signal directing localization of GPI proteins to the plasma membrane or cell wall. Some of the cis-requirements for the localization of GPI proteins are now understood, however, little is known the signals directing distribution of the GPI proteins in filamentous fungi. Previously, AfPhoA, a GPI-anchored acid phosphatase in filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, was first isolated from the cell membrane and latter found to be associated with the cell wall. The actual distribution of the AfPhoA remains unclear. Meanwhile, the signature amino acid motif that determines the distribution of GPI protein in yeast is not found in the C-terminal sequence of the AfPhoA. We aimed to elucidate the cell distribution of the AfPhoA. METHODS The green fluorescent protein (GFP) was used as reporter to track the localization of the AfPhoA. The C-terminal sequence of the AfPhoA was fused to the C-terminus of the GFP. RESULTS We first constructed the expression plasmid pchiGFP, in which the N-terminal signal sequence of the A. fumigatus AfChiB1 was fused to the N-terminus of the GFP. After transformation, a secreted expression of the GFP was achieved in A. fumigatus. Based on this construct, The C-terminal sequence of the AfPhoA was fused to the C-terminus of the GFP to construct a chimeric GFP. After the co-transformation of the fusion construct with plasmid pCDA14, a transformant was confirmed to harbor the chimeric GFP in its genome and could express the chimeric GFP. The transformant cultivated with or without chitin induction could express the chimeric GFP mainly attached to the cell membrane, a prolonged cultivation led to a minor distribution of the chimeric GFP in the cell wall. Although a 30KD of GFP fragment, instead of an intact 43.5KDa chimeric GFP, was also detected in the culture supernatant, which might be released by the cleavage between the fusion protein and its GPI anchor. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that GPI anchoring determines the distribution of the AfPhoA in the cell membrane. In addition to our investigation of the GPI anchoring, an expression vector was also constructed, which would be useful for analyses of the function and regulation of the genes and proteins in A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Lu K, Chai YR, Zhang K, Wang R, Chen L, Lei B, Lu J, Xu XF, Li JN. Cloning and characterization of phosphorus starvation inducible Brassica napus PURPLE ACID PHOSPHATASE 12 gene family, and imprinting of a recently evolved MITE-minisatellite twin structure. Theor Appl Genet 2008; 117:963-75. [PMID: 18716755 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-008-0836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatase (PAP) is important for phosphorus assimilation and in planta redistribution. In this study, seven Brassica napus PAP12 (BnPAP12) genes orthologous to Arabidopsis thaliana PAP12 (AtPAP12) are isolated and characterized. NCBI BLASTs, multi-alignments, conserved domain prediction, and featured motif/residue characterization indicate that all BnPAP12 members encode dimeric high molecular weight plant PAPs. BnPAP12-1, BnPAP12-2, BnPAP12-3 and BnPAP12-7 (Group I) have six introns and encode 469-aa polypeptides structurally comparable to AtPAP12. BnPAP12-4 and BnPAP12-6 (Group II) have seven introns and encode 526-aa PAP12s. Encoding a 475-aa polypeptide, BnPAP12-5 (Group III) is evolved from a chimera of 5' part of Group I and 3' part of Group II. Sequence characterization and Southern detection suggest that there are about five BnPAP12 alleles. Homoeologous non-allelic fragment exchanges exist among BnPAP12 genes. BnPAP12-4 and BnPAP12-6 are imprinted with a Tourist-like miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) which is tightly associated with a novel minisatellite composed of four 36-bp tandem repeats. Existing solely in B. rapa/oleracea lineage, this recently evolved MITE-minisatellite twin structure does not impair transcription and coding capacity of the imprinted genes, and could be used to identify close relatives of B. rapa/oleracea lineage within Brassica. It is also useful for studying MITE activities especially possible involvement in minisatellite formation and gene structure evolution. BnPAP12-6 is silent in transcription. All other BnPAP12 genes basically imitate AtPAP12 in tissue specificity and Pi-starvation induced expression pattern, but divergence and complementation are distinct among them. Alternative polyadenylation and intron retention also exist in BnPAP12 mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lu
- Chongqing Rapeseed Engineering Research Center, Southwest University, Tiansheng Road 216#, Beibei, Chongqing 400716, PR China
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Santhiago M, Peralta RA, Neves A, Micke GA, Vieira IC. Rosmarinic acid determination using biomimetic sensor based on purple acid phosphatase mimetic. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 613:91-7. [PMID: 18374706 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new heterodinuclear Fe(III)Zn(II) complex which mimics the active site of the hydrolytic enzyme red kidney bean purple acid phosphatase was synthesized and characterized by IR, CHN and X-ray crystallographic analyses. This complex, [Fe(III)Zn(II)(mu-OH)bpbpmp-CH(3)](ClO(4))(2), containing the ligand (H(2)bpbpmp-CH(3) = {2-[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-6-[(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl) (2-pyridyl-methyl) aminomethyl]-4-methyl-phenol}) was employed in the construction of a biomimetic sensor and used in the determination of rosmarinic acid in plant extract samples. The response parameters and optimization of the biomimetic sensor design were evaluated. The best performance of this sensor was obtained for 75:15:10% (w/w/w) of the graphite powder:nujol:Fe(III)Zn(II) complex, 0.1 mol L(-1) phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5), 1.19x10(-4) mol L(-1) hydrogen peroxide with frequency, pulse amplitude, and scan increment at 30 Hz, 100 mV, and 0.6 mV, respectively. The rosmarinic acid concentration was linear in the range of 2.98x10(-5) to 3.83x10(-4) mol L(-1) (r=0.9991) with a detection limit of 2.30x10(-6) mol L(-1). This biomimetic sensor demonstrated long-term stability (300 days; 900 determinations) and reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of 12.0%. The recovery study of rosmarinic acid in plant extract samples gave values from 90.3 to 98.3% and the concentrations determined showed agreement when compared with those obtained using capillary electrophoresis at the 95% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Santhiago
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, CEP 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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Saha S, Mina BL, Gopinath KA, Kundu S, Gupta HS. Relative changes in phosphatase activities as influenced by source and application rate of organic composts in field crops. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:1750-7. [PMID: 17507214 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Potential impact of different levels and sources of organic composts on activities of phosphatases (acid and alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase, and inorganic pyrophosphatase) was studied after three years of continuous application. Enzyme activities were compared with microbial biomass P and available P. Experimental plots were divided based on the organic source into three groups: those receiving farmyard manure (FYM), vermicompost (VC) and Lantana compost (LC). Microbial biomass P (11.7 g kg(-1) soil), available P (24.0 g kg(-1) soil) and acid phosphatase (1.3 mg g(-1) p-NP g(-1) soil h(-1)) was highest in highest dose of VC. Acid phosphatase activity was high in all plots, including those where microbial biomass P levels were low. Most of the phosphatase activities were significantly correlated with available P in FYM and VC. These relationships were negative for LC treatments. Results showed that application of earthworm casts is helpful in faster transformation of organic P by facilitating better environment to microbes and plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supradip Saha
- Vivekananda Institute of Hill Agriculture, Almora, Uttarakhand, India.
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Tamaki Y, Sasaki K, Sasaki A, Takakubo Y, Hasegawa H, Ogino T, Konttinen YT, Salo J, Takagi M. Enhanced osteolytic potential of monocytes/macrophages derived from bone marrow after particle stimulation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2008; 84:191-204. [PMID: 17514728 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total hip replacement can be complicated by periprosthetic osteolysis. Monocytes/macrophages play a major role in the formation of the foreign body granulomas induced by wear debris. We hypothesized that periprosthetic monocytes/macrophages do not only accelerate inflammatory and osteoclast-mediated osteolytic processes, but also resorb periprosthetic bone directly by themselves. This study was designed to evaluate the osteolytic potential in vitro of monocytes/macrophages derived from bone marrow. METHODS Monocytes/macrophages were produced by filtration of rat bone marrow cells, followed by culture in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF). Monocyte/macrophage properties were ascertained using immunocytochemistry and phagocytic activity. Osteolytic cytokines and extracellular matrix degrading proteinases were quantified at the mRNA level. RESULTS Adherent cell fraction was immunoreactive for the monocyte/macrophage specific marker CD68 and active in the phagocytosis of carbon particles up to 72 h. They also showed immunoreactivity to cathepsin K, IL-1beta, IL-6, and M-CSF, but mostly did not react to TRAP. mRNA levels of osteolytic cytokines and extracellular matrix degrading proteinases were enhanced, but that of RANKL were not. Monocytes/macrophages resorbed dentine discs and carbonated calcium phosphate was very actively resorbed after stimulation with titanium particles. DISCUSSION Harvested bone marrow cells expressed monocyte/macrophage phenotype, but not osteoclastic markers. The capacity of these cathepsin-K-positive phagocytic cells to resorb dentine discs and carbonated calcium phosphate in vitro suggests a direct role of monocytes/macrophages in bone resorption and periprosthetic osteolysis. The finding supports our hypothesis and previous histomorphometric observations on the presence of such osteolytic macrophages in vivo around loosening prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Tamaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan.
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