1
|
Sathiyaseelan A, Zhang X, Han K, Wang MH. Enhancing antifungal and biocompatible efficacy of undecanoic acid through incorporation with chitosan-based nanoemulsion. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131328. [PMID: 38574901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The management of invasive fungal infections in humans poses significant challenges due to the intricate nature of the treatment, which is both arduous and costly, necessitating routine diagnostic procedures. Consequently, this investigation aimed to formulate a chitosan-based nanoemulsion (CS NEMs) incorporating the antifungal agent undecanoic acid (UDA), characterizing these NEMs and assessing their antifungal efficacy against both filamentous and non-filamentous fungal pathogens. The CS-based UDA NEMs were synthesized by introducing the surfactant Triton X-100 and the stabilizer glycerol. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and SEM demonstrated the CS-UDA NEMs with an average size of 145 nm and 164.5 ± 24 nm, respectively. The successful formation of CS-UDA NEMs was verified through FTIR and XRD. CS-UDA NEMs exhibited exceptional inhibition against Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans with MFC of 500, 500, 250 and 250 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, CS-UDA NEMs displayed comparatively lower antioxidant activity as determined by DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays. Importantly, CS-UDA NEMs demonstrated no cytotoxic effects on NIH3T3 cells even at higher concentration (1000 μg/mL), as confirmed by cell viability and fluorescent staining assays. In conclusion, this study suggests that the developed CS-UDA NEMs hold promise as potent antifungal agents with diverse potential applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan Sathiyaseelan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiseok Han
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rao MJ, Tahir ul Qamar M, Wang D, Ali Q, Ma L, Han S, Duan M, Hu L, Wang L. A high-throughput lipidomics and transcriptomic approach reveals novel compounds from sugarcane linked with promising therapeutic potential against COVID-19. Front Nutr 2022; 9:988249. [PMID: 36118771 PMCID: PMC9480494 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.988249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane (Saccharum ssp., Poaceae) provides enormous metabolites such as sugars, lipid, and other dietary metabolites to humans. Among them, lipids are important metabolites that perform various functions and have promising pharmacological value. However, in sugarcane, few studies are focusing on lipidomics and few lipid compounds were reported, and their pharmacological values are not explored yet. The transcriptomic and widely targeted lipidomics approach quantified 134 lipid compounds from the rind of six sugarcane genotypes. These lipid compounds include 57 fatty acids, 30 lysophosphatidylcholines, 23 glycerol esters, 21 lysophosphatidylethanolamines, 2 phosphatidylcholines, and 1 sphingolipid. Among them, 119 compounds were first time reported in sugarcane rind. Seventeen lipids compounds including 12 fatty acids, 2 glycerol lipids, LysoPC 16:0, LysoPE 16:0, and choline alfoscerate were abundantly found in the rind of sugarcane genotypes. From metabolic and transcriptomic results, we have developed a comprehensive lipid metabolic pathway and highlighted key genes that are differentially expressed in sugarcane. Several genes associated with α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid biosynthesis pathways were highly expressed in the rind of the ROC22 genotype. ROC22 has a high level of α-linolenic acid (an essential fatty acid) followed by ROC16. Moreover, we have explored pharmacological values of lipid compounds and found that the 2-linoleoylglycerol and gingerglycolipid C have strong binding interactions with 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and these compounds can be utilized against SARS-CoV-2 as therapeutic agents. The transcriptome, metabolome, and bioinformatics analysis suggests that the sugarcane cultivars have a diversity of lipid compounds having promising therapeutic potential, and exploring the lipid metabolism will help to know more compounds that have promising cosmetic and pharmacological value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid Rao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Dongxin Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qurban Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shijian Han
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingzheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lihua Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- Lihua Hu
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Lingqiang Wang
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hassan N, El-Hawary SS, Emam M, Rabeh MA, Abdelmohsen UR, Selim NM. Potential Inhibitors of CYP51 Enzyme in Dermatophytes by Red Sea Soft Coral Nephthea sp.: In Silico and Molecular Networking Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13808-13817. [PMID: 35559152 PMCID: PMC9088928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the n-hexane fraction of soft coral Nephthea sp. gathered from the Red Sea was evaluated for its antidermatophyte activity. The antidermatophyte activity was performed versus different fungi, including Microsporum canis, Trichophyton gypseum, and Microsporum mentagrophytes, using a broth microdilution method. The n-hexane fraction showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against the tested dermatophytes of 104.2 ± 20.8, 125 ± 0.0, and 83.33 ± 20.83 μg/mL respectively. The chemical constitution of the lipoidal matter (n-hexane fraction) was characterized by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The unsaponifiable fraction (USAP) of Nephthea sp. showed relative percentages of hydrocarbons and vitamins of 69.61% and 3.26%, respectively. Moreover, the percentages of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were 53.67% and 42.05%, respectively. In addition, a molecular networking study (MN) of the GC-MS analysis performed using the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) platform was described. The molecular docking study illustrated that the highest binding energy score for spathulenol toward the CYP51 enzyme was -8.3674 kcal/mol, which predicted the mode of action of the antifungal activity, and then the results were confirmed by the inhibitory effect of Nephthea sp. against CYP51 with an IC50 value of 12.23 μg/mL. Our results highlighted the antifungal potential of Nephthea sp. metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nevine
H. Hassan
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern
University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11571, Egypt
| | - Seham S. El-Hawary
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Emam
- Phytochemistry
and Plant Systematics Department, National
Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Rabeh
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern
University for Technology and Information, Cairo 11571, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, 61519 Minia, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya
University, 61111 New Minia, Egypt
- Email for U.R.A.:
| | - Nabil M. Selim
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Giza 11562, Egypt
- Email for N.M.S.:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
State-of-the-Art Dermatophyte Infections: Epidemiology Aspects, Pathophysiology, and Resistance Mechanisms. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080629. [PMID: 34436168 PMCID: PMC8401872 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of fungal infections is not widely appreciated. Although these infections are responsible for over one million deaths annually, it is estimated that one billion people are affected by severe fungal diseases. Mycoses of nails and skin, primarily caused by fungi known as dermatophytes, are the most common fungal infections. Trichophyton rubrum appears to be the most common causative agent of dermatophytosis, followed by Trichophyton interdigitale. An estimated 25% of the world’s population suffers from dermatomycosis. Although these infections are not lethal, they compromise the quality of life of infected patients. The outcome of antidermatophytic treatments is impaired by various conditions, such as resistance and tolerance of certain dermatophyte strains. The adage “know your enemy” must be the focus of fungal research. There is an urgent need to increase awareness about the significance of these infections with precise epidemiological data and to improve knowledge regarding fungal biology and pathogenesis, with an emphasis on adaptive mechanisms to tackle adverse conditions from host counteractions. This review outlines the current knowledge about dermatophyte infections, with a focus on signaling pathways required for fungal infection establishment and a broad perspective on cellular and molecular factors involved in antifungal resistance and tolerance.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rossi A, Martins MP, Bitencourt TA, Peres NTA, Rocha CHL, Rocha FMG, Neves-da-Rocha J, Lopes MER, Sanches PR, Bortolossi JC, Martinez-Rossi NM. Reassessing the Use of Undecanoic Acid as a Therapeutic Strategy for Treating Fungal Infections. Mycopathologia 2021; 186:327-340. [PMID: 33835367 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Treating fungal infections is challenging and frequently requires long-term courses of antifungal drugs. Considering the limited number of existing antifungal drugs, it is crucial to evaluate the possibility of repositioning drugs with antifungal properties and to revisit older antifungals for applications in combined therapy, which could widen the range of therapeutic possibilities. Undecanoic acid is a saturated medium-chain fatty acid with known antifungal effects; however, its antifungal properties have not been extensively explored. Recent advances indicate that the toxic effect of undecanoic acid involves modulation of fungal metabolism through its effects on the expression of fungal genes that are critical for virulence. Additionally, undecanoic acid is suitable for chemical modification and might be useful in synergic therapies. This review highlights the use of undecanoic acid in antifungal treatments, reinforcing its known activity against dermatophytes. Specifically, in Trichophyton rubrum, against which the activity of undecanoic acid has been most widely studied, undecanoic acid elicits profound effects on pivotal processes in the cell wall, membrane assembly, lipid metabolism, pathogenesis, and even mRNA processing. Considering the known antifungal activities and associated mechanisms of undecanoic acid, its potential use in combination therapy, and the ability to modify the parent compound structure, undecanoic acid shows promise as a novel therapeutic against fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Maíra P Martins
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Tamires A Bitencourt
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Nalu T A Peres
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos H L Rocha
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Flaviane M G Rocha
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - João Neves-da-Rocha
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos E R Lopes
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Pablo R Sanches
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Júlio C Bortolossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Nilce M Martinez-Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wasfi R, Abdellatif GR, Elshishtawy HM, Ashour HM. First-time characterization of viable but non-culturable Proteus mirabilis: Induction and resuscitation. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2791-2801. [PMID: 32030883 PMCID: PMC7077546 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria can enter into a viable but non‐culturable (VBNC) state under unfavourable conditions. Proteus mirabilis is responsible for dire clinical consequences including septicaemia, urinary tract infections and pneumonia, but is not a species previously known to enter VBNC state. We suggested that stress‐induced P. mirabilis can enter a VBNC state in which it retains virulence. P. mirabilis isolates were incubated in extreme osmotic pressure, starvation, low temperature and low pH to induce a VBNC state. Resuscitation was induced by temperature upshift and inoculation in tryptone soy broth with Tween 20 and brain heart infusion broth. Cellular ultrastructure and gene expression were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. High osmotic pressure and low acidity caused rapid entry into VBNC state. Temperature upshift caused the highest percentage of resuscitation (93%) under different induction conditions. In the VBNC state, cells showed aberrant and dwarf morphology, virulence genes and stress response genes (envZ and rpoS) were expressed (levels varied depending on strain and inducing factors). This is the first‐time characterization of VBNC P. mirabilis. The ability of P. mirabilis pathogenic strains to enter a stress‐induced VBNC state can be a serious public health threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada Refaat Abdellatif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University (ACU), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hisham Mohamed Elshishtawy
- Microbial Genetics Laboratory, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Ashour
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Afari GK, Hung YC. Detection and Verification of the Viable but Nonculturable (VBNC) State of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes Using Flow Cytometry and Standard Plating. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1913-1920. [PMID: 29905952 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water to inactivate microorganisms on foods has been extensively studied and shown to be effective. However, the prospect of the formation of "viable but nonculturable" (VBNC) cells in pathogens after low free chlorine concentration (FCC) treatments under high organic loads presents safety concerns. This study investigated the effect of EO water FCC on inducing Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes into the VBNC state and studied possible resuscitation triggering procedures of the VBNC cells. A 5-strain cocktail of each pathogen (106 colony forming units [CFU]/mL) was exposed to EO water (FCC of 20, 10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625 mg/L) and allowed to stand for 1 and 5 min, followed by the addition of neutralizing broth. Treated samples were plated on nonselective agar and analyzed using flow cytometry. For resuscitation, samples treated with identified VBNC induction conditions were exposed to elevated temperatures (37 °C) as well as addition of sodium pyruvate (SP) and Tween® 20 (T20) solutions. The initial culturing procedures suggested complete inactivation of both pathogens at 2.5 and 1.25 mg/L FCC in the growth medium. However, flow cytometry profiles showed VBNC cells were present. Subjecting samples to the recovery procedures further proved that VBNC E. coli O157:H7 can be resuscitated after exposure to SP and T20 at 37 °C, while L. monocytogenes did not resuscitate. These findings show that treating pathogens at low FCC can induce the VBNC state, and culturability of E. coli O157:H7 can be restored under appropriate conditions. PRACTICAL APPLICATION VBNC induction conditions for foodborne pathogens during chlorine washing treatment were determined in a broth system and the information can serve as a basis for future studies that address the prevention of VBNC formation during produce wash treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Kwabena Afari
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Georgia, 1109 Experiment St., Griffin, GA, 30223-1797, U.S.A
| | - Yen-Con Hung
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Univ. of Georgia, 1109 Experiment St., Griffin, GA, 30223-1797, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Catalytic oxidation of α-alkenes with hydrogen peroxide to carboxylic acids in the presence of peroxopolyoxotungstate complexes. CATAL COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
9
|
Martinez-Rossi NM, Peres NTA, Rossi A. Pathogenesis of Dermatophytosis: Sensing the Host Tissue. Mycopathologia 2016; 182:215-227. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-016-0057-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
10
|
Formation and resuscitation of viable but nonculturable Salmonella typhi. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:907170. [PMID: 23509799 PMCID: PMC3591152 DOI: 10.1155/2013/907170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella typhi is a pathogen that causes the human disease of typhoid fever. The aim of this study was to investigate the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state of S. typhi. Some samples were stimulated at 4°C or −20°C, while others were induced by different concentrations of CuSO4. Total cell counts remained constant throughout several days by acridine orange direct counting; however, plate counts declined to undetectable levels within 48 hours by plate counting at −20°C. The direct viable counts remained fairly constant at this level by direct viable counting. Carbon and nitrogen materials slowly decreased which indicated that a large population of cells existed in the VBNC state and entered the VBNC state in response to exposure to 0.01 or 0.015 mmol/L CuSO4 for more than 14 or 12 days, respectively. Adding 3% Tween 20 or 1% catalase enabled cells to become culturable again, with resuscitation times of 48 h and 24 h, respectively. The atomic force microscope results showed that cells gradually changed in shape from short rods to coccoids, and decreased in size when they entered the VBNC state. Further animal experiments suggested that resuscitated cells might regain pathogenicity.
Collapse
|
11
|
Martinez-Rossi NM, Persinoti GF, Peres NTA, Rossi A. Role of pH in the pathogenesis of dermatophytoses. Mycoses 2011; 55:381-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|