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Wang YZ, Jing HY, Li X, Zhang F, Sun XM. Rapid construction of Escherichia coli chassis with genome multi-position integration of isopentenol utilization pathway for efficient and stable terpenoid accumulation. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300283. [PMID: 37478165 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The isopentenol utilization pathway (IUP) is potential in terpenoids synthesis. This study aimed to construct IUP-employed Escherichia coli chassis for stably synthesizing terpenoids. As to effectiveness, promotor engineering strategy was employed to regulate IUP expression level, while ribosome-binding site (RBS) library of the key enzyme was constructed for screening the optimal RBS, followed by optimization of concentration of inducer and substrates, the titer of reporting production, lycopene, from 0.087 to 8.67 mg OD600 -1 . As about stability, the IUP expression cassette was integrated into the genome through transposition tool based on CRISPR-associated transposases. Results showed that the strain with 13 copies produced 1.78-fold lycopene titer that of the controlled strain with IUP-harbored plasmid, and it exhibited stable expression after ten successions while the plasmid loss was observed in the controlled strain in the 3rd succession. This strategy provides valuable information for rapid construction of highly effective and stable chassis employing IUP for terpenoids production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhou Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hong-Yan Jing
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Du B, Sun M, Hui W, Xie C, Xu X. Recent Advances on Key Enzymes of Microbial Origin in the Lycopene Biosynthesis Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12927-12942. [PMID: 37609695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Lycopene is a common carotenoid found mainly in ripe red fruits and vegetables that is widely used in the food industry due to its characteristic color and health benefits. Microbial synthesis of lycopene is gradually replacing the traditional methods of plant extraction and chemical synthesis as a more economical and productive manufacturing strategy. The biosynthesis of lycopene is a typical multienzyme cascade reaction, and it is important to understand the characteristics of each key enzyme involved and how they are regulated. In this paper, the catalytic characteristics of the key enzymes involved in the lycopene biosynthesis pathway and related studies are first discussed in detail. Then, the strategies applied to the key enzymes of lycopene synthesis, including fusion proteins, enzyme screening, combinatorial engineering, CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing, DNA assembly, and scaffolding technologies are purposefully illustrated and compared in terms of both traditional and emerging multienzyme regulatory strategies. Finally, future developments and regulatory options for multienzyme synthesis of lycopene and similar secondary metabolites are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangmian Du
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengjuan Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wenyang Hui
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengjia Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xian Xu
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, Jiangsu Province, China
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Su Q, Cheng P, Sun J, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Jiang XR, Rao X. Engineering a mevalonate pathway in Halomonas bluephagenesis for the production of lycopene. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1100745. [PMID: 36726563 PMCID: PMC9885113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1100745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Red-colored lycopene has received remarkable attention in medicine because of its antioxidant properties for reducing the risks of many human cancers. However, the extraction of lycopene from natural hosts is limited. Moreover, the chemically synthesized lycopene raises safety concerns due to residual chemical reagents. Halomonas bluephagenesis is a versatile chassis for the production of fine chemicals because of its open growth property without sterilization. Methods A heterologous mevalonate (MVA) pathway was introduced into H. bluephagenesis strain TD1.0 to engineer a bacterial host for lycopene production. A pTer7 plasmid mediating the expression of six MVA pathway genes under the control of a phage PMmp1 and an Escherichia coli Ptrc promoters and a pTer3 plasmid providing lycopene biosynthesis downstream genes derived from Streptomyces avermitilis were constructed and transformed into TD1.0. The production of lycopene in the engineered H. bluephagenesis was evaluated. Optimization of engineered bacteria was performed to increase lycopene yield. Results The engineered TD1.0/pTer7-pTer3 produced lycopene at a maximum yield of 0.20 mg/g dried cell weight (DCW). Replacing downstream genes with those from S. lividans elevated the lycopene production to 0.70 mg/g DCW in the TD1.0/pTer7-pTer5 strain. Optimizing the PMmp1 promoter in plasmid pTer7 with a relatively weak Ptrc even increased the lycopene production to 1.22 mg/g DCW. However, the change in the Ptrc promoter in pTer7 with PMmp1 did not improve the yield of lycopene. Conclusion We first engineered an H. bluephagenesis for the lycopene production. The co-optimization of downstream genes and promoters governing MVA pathway gene expressions can synergistically enhance the microbial overproduction of lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixuan Su
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiyuan Sun
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Jiang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Ran Jiang,
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Cancer Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China,Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China,Xiancai Rao,
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Sun Y, Wu S, Fu X, Lai C, Guo D. De novo biosynthesis of τ-cadinol in engineered Escherichia coli. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:29. [PMID: 38647768 PMCID: PMC10991332 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
τ-Cadinol is a sesquiterpene that is widely used in perfume, fine chemicals and medicines industry. In this study, we established a biosynthetic pathway for the first time in engineered Escherichia coli for production of τ-cadinol from simple carbon sources. Subsequently, we further improved the τ-cadinol production to 35.9 ± 4.3 mg/L by optimizing biosynthetic pathway and overproduction of rate-limiting enzyme IdI. Finally, the titer was increased to 133.5 ± 11.2 mg/L with a two-phase organic overlay-culture medium system. This study shows an efficient method for the biosynthesis of τ-cadinol in E. coli with the heterologous hybrid MVA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Shaoting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chongde Lai
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Daoyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Rinaldi MA, Ferraz CA, Scrutton NS. Alternative metabolic pathways and strategies to high-titre terpenoid production in Escherichia coli. Nat Prod Rep 2022; 39:90-118. [PMID: 34231643 PMCID: PMC8791446 DOI: 10.1039/d1np00025j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2021Terpenoids are a diverse group of chemicals used in a wide range of industries. Microbial terpenoid production has the potential to displace traditional manufacturing of these compounds with renewable processes, but further titre improvements are needed to reach cost competitiveness. This review discusses strategies to increase terpenoid titres in Escherichia coli with a focus on alternative metabolic pathways. Alternative pathways can lead to improved titres by providing higher orthogonality to native metabolism that redirects carbon flux, by avoiding toxic intermediates, by bypassing highly-regulated or bottleneck steps, or by being shorter and thus more efficient and easier to manipulate. The canonical 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) and mevalonate (MVA) pathways are engineered to increase titres, sometimes using homologs from different species to address bottlenecks. Further, alternative terpenoid pathways, including additional entry points into the MEP and MVA pathways, archaeal MVA pathways, and new artificial pathways provide new tools to increase titres. Prenyl diphosphate synthases elongate terpenoid chains, and alternative homologs create orthogonal pathways and increase product diversity. Alternative sources of terpenoid synthases and modifying enzymes can also be better suited for E. coli expression. Mining the growing number of bacterial genomes for new bacterial terpenoid synthases and modifying enzymes identifies enzymes that outperform eukaryotic ones and expand microbial terpenoid production diversity. Terpenoid removal from cells is also crucial in production, and so terpenoid recovery and approaches to handle end-product toxicity increase titres. Combined, these strategies are contributing to current efforts to increase microbial terpenoid production towards commercial feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro A Rinaldi
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Clara A Ferraz
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Gao Q, Chen H, Wang G, Yang W, Zhong X, Liu J, Huo X, Liu W, Huang J, Tao Y, Lin B. Highly Efficient Production of Menaquinone-7 from Glucose by Metabolically Engineered Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:756-765. [PMID: 33755417 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) possesses wide health and medical value, and the market demand for MK-7 has increased. Metabolic engineering for MK-7 production in Escherichia coli still remains challenging due to the characteristics of the competing quinone synthesis, and cells mainly synthesized menaquinones under anaerobic conditions. To increase the production of MK-7 in engineered E. coli strains under aerobic conditions, we divided the whole MK-7 biosynthetic pathway into three modules (MVA pathway, DHNA pathway, and MK-7 pathway) and systematically optimized each of them. First, by screening and enhancing Idi expression, the amounts of MK-7/DMK-7 increased significantly. Then, in the MK-7 pathway, by combinatorial overexpression of endogenous MenA and exogenous UbiE, and fine-tuning the expression of HepPPS, MenA, and UbiE, 70 μM MK-7 was achieved. Third, the DHNA synthetic pathway was enhanced, and 157 μM MK-7 was achieved. By the combinational metabolic engineering strategies and membrane engineering, an efficient metabolic engineered E. coli strain for MK-7 synthesis was developed, and 200 μM (129 mg/L) MK-7 was obtained in shake flask experiment, representing a 306-fold increase compared to the starting strain. In the scale-up fermentation, 2074 μM (1350 mg/L) MK-7 was achieved after 52 h fermentation with a productivity of 26 mg/L/h. This is the highest titer of MK-7 ever reported. This study offers an alternative method for MK-7 production from biorenewable feedstock (glucose) by engineered E. coli. The high titer of our process should make it a promising cost-effective resource for MK-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxiu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Hao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaoyan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiezheng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - XiaoJing Huo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Weifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology and Fermentation Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350117, China
| | - Yong Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baixue Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Hu Z, Li H, Weng Y, Li P, Zhang C, Xiao D. Improve the production of D-limonene by regulating the mevalonate pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during alcoholic beverage fermentation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:1083-1097. [PMID: 33191463 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02329-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
D-Limonene, a cyclized monoterpene, possesses citrus-like olfactory property and multi-physiological functions, which can be used as a bioactive compound and flavor to improve the overall quality of alcoholic beverages. In our previous study, we established an orthogonal pathway of D-limonene synthesis by introducing neryl diphosphate synthase 1 (tNDPS1) and D-limonene synthase (tLS) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To further increase D-limonene formation, the metabolic flux of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway was enhanced by overexpressing the key genes tHMGR1, ERG12, IDI1, and IDI1WWW, respectively, or co-overexpressing. The results showed that strengthening the MVA pathway significantly improved D-limonene production, while the best strain yielded 62.31 mg/L D-limonene by co-expressing tHMGR1, ERG12, and IDI1WWW genes in alcoholic beverages. Furthermore, we also studied the effect of enhancing the MVA pathway on the growth and fermentation of engineered yeasts during alcoholic beverage fermentation. Besides, to further resolve the problem of yeast growth inhibition, we separately investigated transporter proteins of the high-yielding D-limonene yeasts and the parental strain under the stress of different D-limonene concentration, suggesting that the transporters of Aus1p, Pdr18p, Pdr5p, Pdr3p, Pdr11p, Pdr15p, Tpo1p, and Ste6p might play a more critical role in alleviating cytotoxicity and improving the tolerance to D-limonene. Finally, we verified the functions of three transporter proteins, finding that the transporter of Aus1p failed to transport D-limonene, and the others (Pdr5p and Pdr15p) could improve the tolerance of yeast to D-limonene. This study provided a valuable platform for other monoterpenes' biosynthesis in yeast during alcoholic beverage fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Hu
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxuan Li
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Weng
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiying Zhang
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongguang Xiao
- Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Li L, Liu Z, Jiang H, Mao X. Biotechnological production of lycopene by microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10307-10324. [PMID: 33097966 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10967-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene is a dark red carotenoid belonging to C40 terpenoids and is widely found in a variety of plants, especially ripe red fruits and vegetables. Lycopene has been shown to reduce the risk of prostate cancer, other cancers, and cardiovascular disease. It is one of the most widely used carotenoids in the healthcare product market. Currently, commercially available lycopene is mainly extracted from tomatoes. However, production of lycopene from plants is costly and environmentally unfriendly. To date, there have been many reports on the biosynthesis of lycopene by microorganisms, providing another route for lycopene production. This review discusses the lycopene biosynthetic pathway and natural and engineered lycopene-accumulating microorganisms, as well as their production of lycopene. The effects of different metabolic engineering strategies on lycopene accumulation are also considered. Furthermore, this work presents perspectives concerning the microbial production of lycopene, especially trends to construct microbial cell factories for lycopene production. KEY POINTS: • Recent achievements in the lycopene biosynthesis in microorganisms. • Review of lycopene biosynthetic metabolism engineering strategy. • Discuss the current challenges and prospects of using microorganisms to produce lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China. .,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Gao Q, Chen H, Wang W, Huang J, Tao Y, Lin B. Menaquinone-7 production in engineered Escherichia coli. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:132. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Wang Z, Sun J, Yang Q, Yang J. Metabolic Engineering Escherichia coli for the Production of Lycopene. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143136. [PMID: 32659911 PMCID: PMC7397254 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene, a potent antioxidant, has been widely used in the fields of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics. However, the production of lycopene extracted from natural sources is far from meeting the demand. Consequently, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering have been employed to develop microbial cell factories for lycopene production. Due to the advantages of rapid growth, complete genetic background, and a reliable genetic operation technique, Escherichia coli has become the preferred host cell for microbial biochemicals production. In this review, the recent advances in biological lycopene production using engineered E. coli strains are summarized: First, modification of the endogenous MEP pathway and introduction of the heterogeneous MVA pathway for lycopene production are outlined. Second, the common challenges and strategies for lycopene biosynthesis are also presented, such as the optimization of other metabolic pathways, modulation of regulatory networks, and optimization of auxiliary carbon sources and the fermentation process. Finally, the future prospects for the improvement of lycopene biosynthesis are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobao Wang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - JingXin Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Qun Yang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +86-131-4543-1413 (Q.Y.); +86-135-8938-5827 (J.Y.); Fax: +86-532-589-57640 (J.Y.)
| | - Jianming Yang
- Energy-Rich Compounds Production by Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation Research Center, Shandong Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); Tel.: +86-131-4543-1413 (Q.Y.); +86-135-8938-5827 (J.Y.); Fax: +86-532-589-57640 (J.Y.)
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Long non-coding RNA TINCR as potential biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer. Life Sci 2020; 257:118035. [PMID: 32622950 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent scientific advances made in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, cancer still remains the second leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, there is a need to identify new potential biomarkers/molecular targets to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. In this regard, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA molecule, have been found to play important roles in diverse biological processes, including tumorigenesis, and may provide new biomarkers and/or molecular targets for the improved detection of treatment of cancer. For example, one lncRNA, tissue differentiation-inducing non-protein coding RNA (TINCR) has been found to be significantly dysregulated in many cancers, and has an impact on tumor development and progression through targeting pivotal molecules in cancer-associated signaling pathways. Hence, based on recent discoveries, herein, we discuss the regulatory functions and the underlying mechanisms of how TINCR regulates signaling pathways attributed to cancer hallmarks associated with the pathogenesis of various human cancers. We also highlight studies assessing its potential clinical utility as a biomarker/target for early detection, cancer risk stratification, and personalized cancer therapies.
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Li C, Swofford CA, Sinskey AJ. Modular engineering for microbial production of carotenoids. Metab Eng Commun 2020; 10:e00118. [PMID: 31908924 PMCID: PMC6938962 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2019.e00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for carotenoids due to their applications in the food, flavor, pharmaceutical and feed industries, however, the extraction and synthesis of these compounds can be expensive and technically challenging. Microbial production of carotenoids provides an attractive alternative to the negative environmental impacts and cost of chemical synthesis or direct extraction from plants. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology approaches have been widely utilized to reconstruct and optimize pathways for carotenoid overproduction in microorganisms. This review summarizes the current advances in microbial engineering for carotenoid production and divides the carotenoid biosynthesis building blocks into four distinct metabolic modules: 1) central carbon metabolism, 2) cofactor metabolism, 3) isoprene supplement metabolism and 4) carotenoid biosynthesis. These four modules focus on redirecting carbon flux and optimizing cofactor supplements for isoprene precursors needed for carotenoid synthesis. Future perspectives are also discussed to provide insights into microbial engineering principles for overproduction of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Charles A. Swofford
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Anthony J. Sinskey
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, 02139, USA
- Disruptive & Sustainable Technologies for Agricultural Precision, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
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Kang CK, Jeong SW, Yang JE, Choi YJ. High-Yield Production of Lycopene from Corn Steep Liquor and Glycerol Using the Metabolically Engineered Deinococcus radiodurans R1 Strain. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5147-5153. [PMID: 32275417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Developing a highly efficient and ecofriendly system to produce desired products from waste can be considered important to a sustainable society. Here, we report for the first time high-yield production of lycopene through metabolically engineering an extremophilic microorganism, Deinococcus radiodurans R1, from corn steep liquor (CSL) and glycerol. First, the crtLm gene-encoding lycopene cyclase was deleted to prevent the conversion of lycopene to γ-carotene. Then, the crtB gene-encoding phytoene synthase and the dxs gene-encoding 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase were overexpressed to increase carbon flux toward lycopene. The engineered ΔcrtLm/crtB+dxs+ D. radiodurans R1 could produce 273.8 mg/L [80.7 mg/g dry cell weight (DCW)] and 373.5 mg/L (108.0 mg/g DCW) of lycopene from 10 g/L of glucose with 5 g/L of yeast extract and 9.9 g/L of glucose with 20 g/L of CSL, respectively. Moreover, the lycopene titer and content were increased by 26% (470.6 mg/L) and 28% (138.2 mg/g DCW), respectively, when the carbon source was changed to glycerol. Finally, fed-batch fermentation of the final engineered strain allowed the production of 722.2 mg/L (203.5 mg/g DCW) of lycopene with a yield and productivity of 20.3 mg/g glycerol and 6.0 mg/L/h, respectively, from 25 g/L of CSL and 35.7 g/L of glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Keun Kang
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Wook Jeong
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Yang
- World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jun Choi
- School of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Republic of Korea
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Taylor GM, Mordaka PM, Heap JT. Start-Stop Assembly: a functionally scarless DNA assembly system optimized for metabolic engineering. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 47:e17. [PMID: 30462270 PMCID: PMC6379671 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA assembly allows individual DNA constructs or libraries to be assembled quickly and reliably. Most methods are either: (i) Modular, easily scalable and suitable for combinatorial assembly, but leave undesirable 'scar' sequences; or (ii) bespoke (non-modular), scarless but less suitable for construction of combinatorial libraries. Both have limitations for metabolic engineering. To overcome this trade-off we devised Start-Stop Assembly, a multi-part, modular DNA assembly method which is both functionally scarless and suitable for combinatorial assembly. Crucially, 3 bp overhangs corresponding to start and stop codons are used to assemble coding sequences into expression units, avoiding scars at sensitive coding sequence boundaries. Building on this concept, a complete DNA assembly framework was designed and implemented, allowing assembly of up to 15 genes from up to 60 parts (or mixtures); monocistronic, operon-based or hybrid configurations; and a new streamlined assembly hierarchy minimizing the number of vectors. Only one destination vector is required per organism, reflecting our optimization of the system for metabolic engineering in diverse organisms. Metabolic engineering using Start-Stop Assembly was demonstrated by combinatorial assembly of carotenoid pathways in Escherichia coli resulting in a wide range of carotenoid production and colony size phenotypes indicating the intended exploration of design space.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M Taylor
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Paweł M Mordaka
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - John T Heap
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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15
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Li M, Chen H, Liu C, Guo J, Xu X, Zhang H, Nian R, Xian M. Improvement of isoprene production in Escherichia coli by rational optimization of RBSs and key enzymes screening. Microb Cell Fact 2019; 18:4. [PMID: 30626394 PMCID: PMC6327615 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-1051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background As an essential platform chemical mostly used for rubber synthesis, isoprene is produced in industry through chemical methods, derived from petroleum. As an alternative, bio-production of isoprene has attracted much attention in recent years. Previous researches were mostly focused on key enzymes to improve isoprene production. In this research, besides screening of key enzymes, we also paid attention to expression intensity of non-key enzymes. Results Firstly, screening of key enzymes, IDI, MK and IspS, from other organisms and then RBS optimization of the key enzymes were carried out. The strain utilized IDIsa was firstly detected to produce more isoprene than other IDIs. IDIsa expression was improved after RBS modification, leading to 1610-fold increase of isoprene production. Secondly, RBS sequence optimization was performed to reduce translation initiation rate value of non-key enzymes, ERG19 and MvaE. Decreased ERG19 and MvaE expression and increased isoprene production were detected. The final strain showed 2.6-fold increase in isoprene production relative to the original strain. Furthermore, for the first time, increased key enzyme expression and decreased non-key enzyme expression after RBS sequence optimization were obviously detected through SDS-PAGE analysis. Conclusions This study prove that desired enzyme expression and increased isoprene production were obtained after RBS sequence optimization. RBS optimization of genes could be a powerful strategy for metabolic engineering of strain. Moreover, to increase the production of engineered strain, attention should not only be focused on the key enzymes, but also on the non-key enzymes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-1051-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.135 Songlin Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.135 Songlin Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.135 Songlin Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.135 Songlin Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.135 Songlin Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.135 Songlin Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Nian
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.135 Songlin Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mo Xian
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.135 Songlin Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Multicopy integrants of crt genes and co-expression of AMP deaminase improve lycopene production in Yarrowia lipolytica. J Biotechnol 2019; 289:46-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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Park SY, Binkley RM, Kim WJ, Lee MH, Lee SY. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for high-level astaxanthin production with high productivity. Metab Eng 2018; 49:105-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Kang CW, Lim HG, Yang J, Noh MH, Seo SW, Jung GY. Synthetic auxotrophs for stable and tunable maintenance of plasmid copy number. Metab Eng 2018; 48:121-128. [PMID: 29864582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although plasmid-based expression systems have advantages in multi-copy expression of genes, heterogeneity of plasmid copy number (PCN) in individual cells is inevitable even with the addition of antibiotics. Here, we developed a synthetic auxotrophic system for stable and tunable maintenance of the PCN in Escherichia coli without addition of antibiotics. This auxotroph expresses infA, one of the essential genes encoding a translation initiation factor, on a plasmid instead of on the chromosome. With this system, the gene expression was stably maintained for 40 generations with minimized cell-to-cell variation under antibiotic-free conditions. Moreover, varying the expression level of infA enabled us to rationally tune the PCN by more than 5.6-fold. This antibiotic-free PCN control system significantly improved the production of itaconic acid and lycopene compared to the conventional system based on antibiotics (2-fold). Collectively, the developed strategy could be a platform for the production of value-added products in antibiotic-free cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Won Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gyu Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Yang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Hyun Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Seo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gyoo Yeol Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea; School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea.
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Chen H, Li M, Liu C, Zhang H, Xian M, Liu H. Enhancement of the catalytic activity of Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae through random and site-directed mutagenesis. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:65. [PMID: 29712558 PMCID: PMC5925831 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lycopene is a terpenoid pigment that has diverse applications in the food and medicine industries. A prospective approach for lycopene production is by metabolic engineering in microbial hosts, such as Escherichia coli. Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI, E.C. 5.3.3.2) is one of the rate-limiting enzymes in the lycopene biosynthetic pathway and one major target during metabolic engineering. The properties of IDIs differ depending on the sources, but under physiological conditions, IDIs are limited by low enzyme activity, short half-life and weak substrate affinity. Therefore, it is important to prepare an excellent IDI by protein engineering. Results Directed evolution strategy (error-prone PCR) was utilized to optimize the activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae IDI. Using three rounds of error-prone PCR; screening the development of a lycopene-dependent color reaction; and combinatorial site-specific saturation mutagenesis, three activity-enhancing mutations were identified: L141H, Y195F, and W256C. L141H, located near the active pocket inside the tertiary structure of IDI, formed a hydrogen bond with nearby β-phosphates of isopentenylpyrophosphate (IPP). Phe-195 and Cys-256 were nonpolar amino acids and located near the hydrophobic group of IPP, enlarging the hydrophobic scope, and the active pocket indirectly. Purified IDI was characterized and the result showed that the Km of mutant IDI decreased by 10% compared with Km of the parent IDI, and Kcat was 28% fold improved compared to that of the original IDI. Results of a fermentation experiment revealed that mutant IDI had a 1.8-fold increased lycopene production and a 2.1-fold increased yield capacity compared to wild-type IDI. Conclusion We prepared an engineered variant of IDI with improved catalytic activity by combining random and site directed mutagenesis. The best mutants produced by this approach enhanced catalytic activity while also displaying improved stability in pH, enhanced thermostability and longer half-life. Importantly, the mutant IDI could play an important role in fed-batch fermentation, being an effective and attractive biocatalyst for the production of biochemicals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12934-018-0913-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.,Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijie Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huizhou Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189 Songling Road, Qingdao, 266101, People's Republic of China
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20
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Niu FX, Lu Q, Bu YF, Liu JZ. Metabolic engineering for the microbial production of isoprenoids: Carotenoids and isoprenoid-based biofuels. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2017; 2:167-175. [PMID: 29318197 PMCID: PMC5655344 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprenoids are the most abundant and highly diverse group of natural products. Many isoprenoids have been used for pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, flavors, cosmetics, food additives and biofuels. Carotenoids and isoprenoid-based biofuels are two classes of important isoprenoids. These isoprenoids have been produced microbially through metabolic engineering and synthetic biology efforts. Herein, we briefly review the engineered biosynthetic pathways in well-characterized microbial systems for the production of carotenoids and several isoprenoid-based biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xing Niu
- Biotechnology Research Center and Biomedical Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qian Lu
- Biotechnology Research Center and Biomedical Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi-Fan Bu
- Biotechnology Research Center and Biomedical Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Liu
- Biotechnology Research Center and Biomedical Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.,South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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21
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Abstract
Combinatorial engineering approaches are becoming increasingly popular, yet they are hindered by the lack of specialized techniques for both efficient introduction of sequence variability and assembly of numerous DNA parts, required for the construction of lengthy multigene pathways. In this contribution, we introduce a new combinatorial multigene pathway assembly scheme based on Single Strand Assembly (SSA) methods and Golden Gate Assembly, exploiting the strengths of both assembly techniques. With a minimum of intermediary steps and an accompanying set of well-characterized and ready-to-use genetic parts, the developed workflow allows effective introduction of various libraries and efficient assembly of multigene pathways. It was put to the test by optimizing the lycopene pathway as proof-of-principle. The here constructed libraries yield ample variation in lycopene production. In addition, good-performing transformants with a significantly higher lycopene production were obtained as compared to previously published reference strains. The best selected producer yielded 3-fold improvement in lycopene titers up to 448 mg lycopene/g CDW. The proposed workflow in combination with the accompanying sets of ready-to-use expression and carrier plasmids, will allow the combinatorial assembly of increasingly lengthy product pathways with minimal effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Coussement
- Department
of Biochemical
and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - David Bauwens
- Department
of Biochemical
and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jo Maertens
- Department
of Biochemical
and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Marjan De Mey
- Department
of Biochemical
and Microbial Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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22
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Hernández-Almanza A, Montañez J, Martínez G, Aguilar-Jiménez A, Contreras-Esquivel JC, Aguilar CN. Lycopene: Progress in microbial production. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Lv X, Gu J, Wang F, Xie W, Liu M, Ye L, Yu H. Combinatorial pathway optimization inEscherichia coliby directed co-evolution of rate-limiting enzymes and modular pathway engineering. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 113:2661-2669. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Lv
- Institute of Bioengineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou PR China
| | - Jiali Gu
- College of Life Sciences; Huzhou University; Huzhou PR China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou PR China
| | - Wenping Xie
- Institute of Bioengineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou PR China
| | - Min Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou PR China
| | - Lidan Ye
- Institute of Bioengineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou PR China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering; College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University; 310027 Hangzhou PR China
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Yang J, Guo L. Biosynthesis of β-carotene in engineered E. coli using the MEP and MVA pathways. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:160. [PMID: 25403509 PMCID: PMC4239400 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background β-carotene is a carotenoid compound that has been widely used not only in the industrial production of pharmaceuticals but also as nutraceuticals, animal feed additives, functional cosmetics, and food colorants. Currently, more than 90% of commercial β-carotene is produced by chemical synthesis. Due to the growing public concern over food safety, the use of chemically synthesized β-carotene as food additives or functional cosmetic agents has been severely controlled in recent years. This has reignited the enthusiasm for seeking natural β-carotene in large-scale fermentative production by microorganisms. Results To increase β-carotene production by improving the isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and geranyl diphospate (GPP) concentration in the cell, the optimized MEP (methylerythritol 4-phosphate) pathway containing 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase (FNI) from Bacillus subtilis, geranyl diphosphate synthase (GPPS2) from Abies grandis have been co-expressed in an engineered E. coli strain. To further enhance the production of β-carotene, the hybrid MVA (mevalonate) pathway has been introduced into an engineered E. coli strain, co-expressed with the optimized MEP pathway and GPPS2. The final genetically modified strain, YJM49, can accumulate 122.4±6.2 mg/L β-carotene in flask culture, approximately 113-fold and 1.7 times greater than strain YJM39, which carries the native MEP pathway, and YJM45, which harbors the MVA pathway and the native MEP pathway, respectively. Subsequently, the fermentation process was optimized to enhance β-carotene production with a maximum titer of 256.8±10.4 mg/L. Finally, the fed-batch fermentation of β-carotene was evaluated using the optimized culture conditions. After induction for 56 h, the final engineered strain YJM49 accumulated 3.2 g/L β-carotene with a volumetric productivity of 0.37 mg/(L · h · OD600) in aerobic fed-batch fermentation, and the conversion efficiency of glycerol to β-carotene (gram to gram) reached 2.76%. Conclusions In this paper, by using metabolic engineering techniques, the more efficient biosynthetic pathway of β-carotene was successfully assembled in E. coli BL21(DE3) with the optimized MEP (methylerythritol 4-phosphate) pathway, the gene for GPPS2 from Abies grandis, the hybrid MVA (mevalonate) pathway and β-carotene synthesis genes from Erwinia herbicola. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-014-0160-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Yang
- Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, No.700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Lizhong Guo
- Key Lab of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, No.700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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25
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Chen YY, Shen HJ, Cui YY, Chen SG, Weng ZM, Zhao M, Liu JZ. Chromosomal evolution of Escherichia coli for the efficient production of lycopene. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:6. [PMID: 23356604 PMCID: PMC3626847 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmid-based overexpression of genes has been the principal strategy for metabolic engineering. However, for biotechnological applications, plasmid-based expression systems are not suitable because of genetic instability, and the requirement for constant selective pressure to ensure plasmid maintenance. Results To overcome these drawbacks, we constructed an Escherichia coli lycopene production strain that does not carry a plasmid or an antibiotic marker. This was achieved using triclosan-induced chromosomal evolution, a high gene copy expression system. The engineered strain demonstrated high genetic stability in the absence of the selective agent during fermentation. The replacement of native appY promoter with a T5 promoter, and the deletion of the iclR gene in E. coli CBW 12241 further improved lycopene production. The resulting strain, E. coli CBW 12241(ΔiclR, PT5-appY), produced lycopene at 33.43 mg per gram of dry cell weight. Conclusions A lycopene hyper-producer E. coli strain that does not carry a plasmid or antibiotic marker was constructed using triclosan-induced chromosomal evolution. The methods detailed in this study can be used to engineer E. coli to produce other metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yan Chen
- Biotechnology Research Center and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
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