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Ramudingana P, Mamphogoro TP, Kamutando CN, Maboko MM, Modika KY, Moloto KW, Thantsha MS. Antagonistic potential of endophytic fungal isolates of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruits against post-harvest disease-causing pathogens of tomatoes: An in vitro investigation. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1847-1858. [PMID: 38876537 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Post-harvest decay of fresh agricultural produce is a major threat to food security globally. Synthetic fungicides, commonly used in practice for managing the post-harvest losses, have negative impacts on consumers' health. Studies have reported the effectiveness of fungal isolates from plants as biocontrol agents of post-harvest diseases, although this is still poorly established in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Jasmine). In this study, 800 endophytic fungi were isolated from mature green and ripe untreated and fungicide-treated tomato fruits grown in open soil and hydroponics systems. Of these, five isolates (Aureobasidium pullulans SUG4.1, Coprinellus micaceus SUG4.3, Epicoccum nigrum SGT8.6, Fusarium oxysporum HTR8.4, Preussia africana SUG3.1) showed antagonistic properties against selected post-harvest pathogens of tomatoes (Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Geotrichum candidum, Rhizopus stolonifera, Rhizoctonia solani), with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as a positive control. P. africana SUG3.1 and C. micaceus SUG4.3 significantly inhibited growth of all the pathogens, with antagonistic capabilities comparable to that exhibited by L. plantarum. Furthermore, the isolates produced an array of enzymes, including among others, amylase, cellulose and protease; and were able to utilize several carbohydrates (glucose, lactose, maltose, mannitol, sucrose). In conclusion, P. africana SUG3.1 and C. micaceus SUG4.3 may complement L. plantarum as biocontrol agents against post-harvest pathogens of tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phathutshedzo Ramudingana
- Gastro-Intestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production, Private Bag X02, Irene, 0062, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Tshifhiwa Paris Mamphogoro
- Gastro-Intestinal Microbiology and Biotechnology Unit, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production, Private Bag X02, Irene, 0062, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Casper Nyaradzai Kamutando
- Department of Plant Production Sciences and Technologies, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, 0263, Zimbabwe.
| | - Martin Makgose Maboko
- Crop Science Unit, Agricultural Research Council-Vegetables, Industrial and Medicinal Plants, Private Bag x293, Roodeplaat, 0001, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Kedibone Yvonne Modika
- Department of Meat Science, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production, Private Bag X02, Irene, 0062, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Kgantjie Walter Moloto
- Department of Meat Science, Agricultural Research Council-Animal Production, Private Bag X02, Irene, 0062, Pretoria, South Africa.
| | - Mapitsi Silvester Thantsha
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, Pretoria, South Africa.
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da Silva MK, Barreto DLC, Vieira R, Neto AA, de Oliveira FS, Convey P, Rosa CA, Duarte AWF, Rosa LH. Diversity and enzymatic, biosurfactant and phytotoxic activities of culturable Ascomycota fungi present in marine sediments obtained near the South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctica. Extremophiles 2024; 28:20. [PMID: 38493412 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-024-01336-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
We studied the culturable fungal community recovered from deep marine sediments in the maritime Antarctic, and assessed their capabilities to produce exoenzymes, emulsifiers and metabolites with phytotoxic activity. Sixty-eight Ascomycota fungal isolates were recovered and identified. The most abundant taxon recovered was the yeast Meyerozyma guilliermondii, followed by the filamentous fungi Penicillium chrysogenum, P. cf. palitans, Pseudeurotium cf. bakeri, Thelebolus balaustiformis, Antarctomyces psychrotrophicus and Cladosporium sp. Diversity indices displayed low values overall, with the highest values obtained at shallow depth, decreasing to the deepest location sampled. Only M. guilliermondii and P. cf. palitans were detected in the sediments at all depths sampled, and were the most abundant taxa at all sample sites. The most abundant enzymes detected were proteases, followed by invertases, cellulases, lipases, carrageenases, agarases, pectinases and esterases. Four isolates showed good biosurfactant activity, particularly the endemic species A. psychrotrophicus. Twenty-four isolates of P. cf. palitans displayed strong phytotoxic activities against the models Lactuca sativa and Allium schoenoprasum. The cultivable fungi recovered demonstrated good biosynthetic activity in the production of hydrolytic exoenzymes, biosurfactant molecules and metabolites with phytotoxic activity, reinforcing the importance of documenting the taxonomic, ecological and biotechnological properties of fungi present in deep oceanic sediments of the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayanne Karla da Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Débora Luiza Costa Barreto
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rosemary Vieira
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Arthur Ayres Neto
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Las Palmeras 3425, Santiago, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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Yaşar Yildiz S. Exploring the Hot Springs of Golan: A Source of Thermophilic Bacteria and Enzymes with Industrial Promise. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:101. [PMID: 38376803 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03617-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a surge in research on extremophiles due to their remarkable ability to survive in harsh environments. Extremophile thermophilic bacteria provide thermostable enzymes for biotechnology and industry. Thermophilic bacteria live in extreme environments like hot springs at 45-80 °C. This study screens and isolates thermophilic bacteria and thermozymes from the Golan hot springs in Karakocan, Elazig, Turkey. The study also characterizes thermophilic bacteria and their thermozymes to understand their features and applications better. Golan hot spring water samples at 50 °C yielded 12 isolates. GKE 02, 07, 08, and 10 produce amylase, GKE 04, 08, and 11 cellulase, and GKE 06 xylanase. One isolate (GKE 08) displayed both amylolytic and cellulolytic activity on agar plates. GKE 02 had the highest plate assay amylolytic index (2.3) and amylase activity (67.87 U/ml). Plate assay indicates GKE 08 has 1.5 amylolytic index, 1.1 cellulolytic index, 38.57 U/ml amylase, and 6.81 U/ml cellulase. GKE 04 had the greatest cellulolytic index (1.7) and cellulase activity (27.46). GKE 06, the only xylanase producer, has 19.67 U/ml activity and 1.4 plate assay index. The investigation also included determining the optimal pH and temperature conditions for each enzyme. 16S rDNA gene sequencing revealed seven thermozyme-producing bacteria Bacillus, Geobacillus, and Thermomonas. Thermomonas hydrothermalis genome annotation showed glycosyl hydrolase genes for amylolytic and cellulolytic activity. The findings of this study on thermophilic bacteria and thermostable enzyme synthesis in the Golan hot springs are promising, particularly for T. hydrothermalis, which has limited research on its potential as a thermozyme producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songül Yaşar Yildiz
- Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, 34700, Turkey.
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de Souza LMD, Ogaki MB, Teixeira EAA, de Menezes GCA, Convey P, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Communities of culturable freshwater fungi present in Antarctic lakes and detection of their low-temperature-active enzymes. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1923-1933. [PMID: 36274089 PMCID: PMC10484858 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the diversity and enzymatic activities of culturable fungi recovered from cotton baits submerged for 2 years in Hennequin Lake, King George Island, and from benthic biofilms in Kroner Lake, Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, maritime Antarctica. A total of 154 fungal isolates were obtained, representing in rank abundance the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. Thelebolus globosus, Goffeauzyma sp., Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus and Metschnikowia australis were the most abundant taxa. The fungal community obtained from the biofilm was more diverse and richer than that recovered from the cotton baits. However, diversity indices suggested that the lakes may harbour further fungal diversity. The capabilities of all cultured fungi to produce the extracellular enzymes cellulase, protease, lipase, agarase, carrageenase, invertase, amylase, esterase, pectinase, inulinase and gelatinase at low temperature were evaluated. All enzymes were detected, but the most widely produced were protease and pectinase. The best enzymatic indices were obtained from Holtermanniella wattica (for invertase, esterase), Goffeauzyma sp. (amylase), Metschnikowia australis (protease), Mrakia blollopis (cellulase, pectinase), Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus (agarase, carrageenase) and Leucosporidium fragarium (inulinase). The detection of multiple enzymes reinforces the ecological role of fungi in nutrient cycling in Antarctic lakes, making nutrients available to the complex aquatic food web. Furthermore, such low-temperature-active enzymes may find application in different biotechnological processes, such as in the textile, pharmaceutical, food, detergent and paper industries, as well as environmental application in pollutant bioremediation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mayara Bapstitucci Ogaki
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Valdivia, Chile
- Cape Horn International Center (CHIC), Puerto Williams, Chile
| | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar E Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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Raposo C, Serrano I, Cunha E, Couto MP, Lopes F, Casero M, Tavares L, Oliveira M. Phenotypic Characterization of Oral Mucor Species from Eurasian Vultures: Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Ability. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1638. [PMID: 37629495 PMCID: PMC10455617 DOI: 10.3390/life13081638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to poisoning and decline in the food resources of Eurasian vultures, there has been a rise in the number of Griffon (Gyps fulvus) and Cinereous vultures (Aegypius monachus) needing veterinary care. In captivity, vultures often develop oral and other infectious diseases which can affect their survival and the probability of reintroduction in the wild. Therefore, it is important to characterize relevant microbial species present in the oral cavity of vultures, such as Mucor spp. In this work, seven Mucor spp. isolates previously obtained from Gyps fulvus and Aegypius monachus oral swabs collected at two rehabilitation centers in Portugal were characterized regarding their pathogenic enzymatic profile and antimicrobial activity. Isolates were identified by macro and microscopic observation, and PCR and ITS sequencing. Their antimicrobial activity was determined using a collection of pathogenic bacteria and two yeast species. Results showed that 86% of the isolates produced α-hemolysis, 71% expressed DNase, 57% produce lecithinase and lipase, 29% expressed gelatinase, and 29% were biofilm producers. Four isolates showed inhibitory activity against relevant human and veterinary clinical isolates, including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium, Neisseria zoodegmatis, and Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, accurate management programs should consider the benefits and disadvantages of Mucor spp. presence in the oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Raposo
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.P.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Isa Serrano
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.P.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.P.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Patrícia Couto
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.P.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa Lopes
- CERAS—Centro de Estudos e Recuperação de Animais Selvagens, Quinta da Senhora de Mércules, 6000-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal;
| | - María Casero
- RIAS Centro de Recuperação e Investigação de Animais Selvagens, Rua do Parque Natural da Ria Formosa, Quelfes, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal;
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.P.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA—Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (E.C.); (M.P.C.); (L.T.); (M.O.)
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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Kayani H, Rasheed MA, Alonazi WB, Jamil F, Hussain A, Yan C, Ahmed R, Ibrahim M. Identification and genome-wide analysis provide insights into the genetic diversity and biotechnological potentials of novel cold-adapted Acinetobacter strain. Extremophiles 2023; 27:14. [PMID: 37354217 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-023-01301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Extreme cold environments, such as polar regions or high-altitude mountains, are known for their challenging conditions including low temperatures, high salinity, and limited nutrient availability. Microbes that thrive in these environments have evolved specialized strategies to survive and function under such harsh conditions. The study aims to identify, sequence the genome, perform genome assembly, and conduct a comparative genome-wide analysis of Acinetobacter sp. strain P1, which was isolated from the Batura glacier regions of Pakistan. A basic local alignment search tool of NCBI using 16 s RNA gene sequence confirmed the strain Acinetobacter following phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain P1 clustered with Acinetobacter sp. strain AcBz01. The high-throughput Genome sequencing was done by the NovaSeq 6000 sequencing system following de novo genome assembly reported 23 contigs, a genome size of 3,732,502 bp containing approximately 3489 genes and 63 RNAs (60 tRNA, 3 rRNA). The comparative genome analysis revealed that Acinetobacter sp. strain P1 exhibited the highest homology with the Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 genome and encompassed 1668 indispensable genes, 1280 conserved genes 1821 specific genes suggesting high genomic plasticity and evolutionary diversity. The genes with functional assignments include exopolysaccharide phosphotransferase enzyme, cold-shock proteins, T6SS, membrane modifications, antibiotic resistance, and set of genes related to a wide range of metabolic characteristics such as exopolysaccharides were also present. Moreover, the structural prediction analysis of EPS proteins reveals that structural flexibility allows for conformational modifications during catalysis, which boosts or increases the catalytic effectiveness at lower temperatures. Overall, the identification of Acinetobacter, a cold-adapted bacterium, offers promising applications in bioremediation, enzyme production, food preservation, pharmaceutical development, and astrobiology. Further research and exploration of these microorganisms can unlock their full biotechnological potential and contribute to various industries and scientific endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajra Kayani
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Rasheed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Wadi B Alonazi
- Health Administration Department, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farrukh Jamil
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Annam Hussain
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - ChangHui Yan
- Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University Fargo United State of America, Fargo, USA
| | - Raza Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
- Health Administration Department, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University Fargo United State of America, Fargo, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan.
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Nováková D, Koublová V, Sedlář K, Staňková E, Králová S, Švec P, Neumann-Schaal M, Wolf J, Koudelková S, Barták M, Sedláček I. Pseudomonas petrae sp. nov. isolated from regolith samples in Antarctica. Syst Appl Microbiol 2023; 46:126424. [PMID: 37167755 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2023.126424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize the four strains P2653T, P2652, P2498, and P2647, isolated from Antarctic regolith samples. Initial genotype screening performed by PCR fingerprinting based on repetitive sequences showed that the isolates studied formed a coherent cluster separated from the other Pseudomonas species. Identification results based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed the highest sequence similarity with Pseudomonas graminis (99.7%), which was confirmed by multilocus sequence analysis using the rpoB, rpoD, and gyrB genes. Genome sequence comparison of P2653T with the most related P. graminis type strain DSM 11363T revealed an average nucleotide identity of 92.1% and a digital DNA-DNA hybridization value of 46.6%. The major fatty acids for all Antarctic strains were C16:0, Summed Feature 3 (C16:1ω7c/C16:1ω6c) and Summed Feature 8 (C18:1ω7c/C18:1ω6c). The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-9, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol. The regolith strains could be differentiated from related species by the absence of arginine dihydrolase, ornithine and lysine decarboxylase and by negative tyrosine hydrolysis. The results of this polyphasic study allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of four analysed strains from the closest related species, which confirmed that the strains represent a novel species within the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas petrae sp. nov. is proposed with P2653T (CCM 8850T = DSM 112068T = LMG 30619T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Nováková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vendula Koublová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sedlář
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 12, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstraße 17, 803 33 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Staňková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislava Králová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švec
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Meina Neumann-Schaal
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Wolf
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sylva Koudelková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Barták
- Department of Experimental Biology, Section of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Sedláček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Czech Collection of Microorganisms, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Yap CK, Al-Mutairi KA. Effective Microorganisms as Halal-Based Sources for Biofertilizer Production and Some Socio-Economic Insights: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12081702. [PMID: 37107497 PMCID: PMC10138028 DOI: 10.3390/foods12081702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to review the literature on 'Effective Microorganism (EM)' and 'Fertilizer' from the Scopus database and to discuss EMs using Halal-based sources for biofertilizer production from socio economic insights. Based on EM and fertilizer publications on the Scopus database, all the 17 papers reviewed provided no detailed information on the Halal-status of the biofertilizers inoculated with EM. The impacts of Halal-certified biofertilizers will trigger the Halal certification in food products by (a) catering for the increasing Halal food demand due to expectedly Muslim population expansion, (b) contributing to the sustainable buying behaviour of Halal products' consumers in the future, (c) catering for the increasing number of Muslim travellers around the world, (d) becoming a positive driver for higher production of more Halal foods that can enhance food safety, human health and well-being, and (e) creating a cost-effective and increasing food marketability. The later three points (c, d and e) play a very important role in a country's societal well-being and economic growth and development. Although Halal-status is not a must for the world's food marketing, Halal-certified biofertilizer for the Halal-status of food carries the greatest potential to enter the ever-expanding Muslim markets. Finally, it is postulated that the successful usage of EM using Halal-based sources for biofertilizer production will result in two major outcomes from the points of United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals # 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and # 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). Hence, the presented review provides a starting point for future research considering sustainability and innovation as priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khalid Awadh Al-Mutairi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk P.O. Box 741, Saudi Arabia
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Nikitin DA. Ecological Characteristics of Antarctic Fungi. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2023; 508:32-54. [PMID: 37186046 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496622700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In view of the high responsiveness of polar ecosystems to the global climate change, the research of Antarctic microorganisms has become a topical issue. The unique ecosystems that have developed under the severe climate conditions of the continent lack flowering plants but are dominated by soil mycobiota. In addition to performing their classical ecological functions, Antarctic fungi form the basis of local communities, e.g., endoliths and microbial mats. Furthermore, Antarctic fungi are a major force that mediates transformation of rock minerals in situ and makes biologically significant elements available for other organisms. For these reasons, mycobiota plays a central role in the maintenance of ecological equilibrium in Antarctica. The dominant fungal division on the continent is Ascomycota (77.1%), and not Basidiomycota (9.1%), as it is the case on other continents. For a number of reasons, yeasts and yeast-like micromycetes (mainly basidiomycetes) are more tolerant to extreme conditions in various Antarctic biotopes than filamentous fungi. Substantial evidence suggests that filamentous fungi and yeasts are better adapted to existence in ecosystems with extremely low temperatures than other microorganisms. Due to the long-term isolation of Antarctica from other continents, local biota has been evolving largely independently, which led to emergence of multiple endemic fungal taxa. The presence of eurytopes on the continent is presumably related to the global warming and growing anthropogenic pressure. This review discusses the current state of research on the structure of fungal communities of Antarctic subaerial and subaquatic biotopes, the ecological role of yeast-mycelial dimorphism in Antarctic fungi, the problem of endemism of Antarctic mycobiota, as well as the ecological and physiological adaptations of fungi to low temperatures; it also justifies the relevance of research into secondary metabolites of psychrophilic micromycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Nikitin
- Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, 119017, Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119017, Moscow, Russia.
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10
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El-Sayed MR, Emam AM, Osman AE, Abd El-Galil MAEAA, Sayed HH. Detection and description of a novel Psychrobacter glacincola infection in some Red Sea marine fishes in Hurghada, Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:23. [PMID: 36717850 PMCID: PMC9885648 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An important food-producing sector in Egypt is aquaculture and fisheries; however, several pathogenic microorganisms lead to high mortalities and significant economic losses. The occurrence of Psychrobacter glacincola infection among 180 wild marine fishes collected from the Red sea at Hurghada, Egypt were investigated in the present study. The disease prevalence rate was 6.7%. The recovered isolates were subjected to biochemical and molecular identification. The study also investigated pathogenicity and the antibiogram profile of the recovered isolates. The clinical examination of the infected fish revealed various signs that included lethargy and sluggish movement, hemorrhages and ulcers on the body and the operculum, scale loss, and fin congestion and rot, especially at the tail fin. Furthermore, during postmortem examination, congestion of the liver, spleen, and kidney was observed. Interestingly, 12 isolates were recovered and were homogenous bacteriologically and biochemically. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene confirmed that MRB62 identified strain was closely related the genus Psychrobacter and identified as P. glacincola and was pathogenic to Rhabdosargus haffara fish, causing 23.3% mortality combined with reporting a series of clinical signs similar to that found in naturally infected fishes. The present study also showed that P. glacincola isolates were sensitive to all antibiotics used for sensitivity testing. Our findings add to the body of knowledge regarding the occurrence of pathogenic P. glacincola infection in Egyptian marine fishes and its potential effects on fish. Future large-scale surveys exploring this bacterium among other freshwater and marine fishes in Egypt would be helpful for the implementation of effective strategies for the prevention and control of this infection are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Raafat El-Sayed
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
| | - Arafah M Emam
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elsayed Osman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | | | - Haitham Helmy Sayed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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Culturable microorganisms of substrates of terrestrial plant communities of the maritime Antarctic (Galindez Island, Booth Island). Polar Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-022-03103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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12
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Qualitative Screening of Yeast Biodiversity for Hydrolytic Enzymes Isolated from the Gastrointestinal Tract of a Coprophage “Gymnopleurus sturmi” and Dung of Ruminants. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8120692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, thirty yeast strains isolated from the gut of coprophagous “Gymnopleurus sturmi” and twenty-four from the dung of ruminants were shown to be producers of cellulases. Cellulolytic yeast isolates could also produce other hydrolytic enzymes such as pectinase, lipase, β-glucosidase, catalase, inulinase, urease, gelatinase, and protease. The oroduction of amylase was present in only one isolate of dung of ruminants. On the other hand, the production of tannase was absent in these isolates. All the yeasts isolated from two sources could utilize various carbon sources, including sorbitol, sucrose, and raffinose, and withstand high concentrations of glucose (300 g/L), salt (100 g/L), and exogenous ethanol. They could grow in a wide pH range of 3 to 11. The growth was stable up to a temperature of 40 °C for isolates from the gut of coprophage and 37 °C for the yeast from the dung of ruminants. These activities and growing conditions were similar to the diet of coprophagous insects and the composition of ruminant manure, likely because the adaptation and distribution of these microorganisms depend on the phenology and trophic preferences of these insects.
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Biodiversity and Bioprospecting of Fungal Endophytes from the Antarctic Plant Colobanthus quitensis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090979. [PMID: 36135704 PMCID: PMC9504944 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms from extreme environments are considered as a new and valuable reservoir of bioactive molecules of biotechnological interest and are also utilized as tools for enhancing tolerance to (a)biotic stresses in crops. In this study, the fungal endophytic community associated with the leaves of the Antarctic angiosperm Colobanthus quitensis was investigated as a new source of bioactive molecules. We isolated 132 fungal strains and taxonomically annotated 26 representative isolates, which mainly belonged to the Basidiomycota division. Selected isolates of Trametes sp., Lenzites sp., Sistotrema sp., and Peniophora sp. displayed broad extracellular enzymatic profiles; fungal extracts from some of them showed dose-dependent antitumor activity and inhibited the formation of amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein and its pathological mutant E46K. Selected fungal isolates were also able to promote secondary root development and fresh weight increase in Arabidopsis and tomato and antagonize the growth of pathogenic fungi harmful to crops. This study emphasizes the ecological and biotechnological relevance of fungi from the Antarctic ecosystem and provides clues to the bioprospecting of Antarctic Basidiomycetes fungi for industrial, agricultural, and medical applications.
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Comparative analysis of genome-based CAZyme cassette in Antarctic Microbacterium sp. PAMC28756 with 31 other Microbacterium species. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:733-746. [PMID: 35486322 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Microbacterium belongs to the family Microbacteriaceae and phylum Actinobacteria. A detailed study on the complete genome and systematic comparative analysis of carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) among the Microbacterium species would add knowledge on metabolic and environmental adaptation. Here we present the comparative genomic analysis of CAZyme using the complete genome of Antarctic Microbacterium sp. PAMC28756 with other complete genomes of 31 Microbacterium species available. OBJECTIVE The genomic and CAZyme comparison of Microbacterium species and to rule out the specific features of CAZyme for the environmental and metabolic adaptation. METHODS Bacterial source were collected from NCBI database, CAZyme annotation of Microbacterium species was analyzed using dbCAN2 Meta server. Cluster of orthologous groups (COGs) analysis was performed using the eggNOG4.5 database. Whereas, KEGG database was used to compare and obtained the functional genome annotation information in carbohydrate metabolism and glyoxylate cycle. RESULTS Out of 32 complete genomes of Microbacterium species, strain No. 7 isolated from Activated Sludge showed the largest genomic size at 4.83 Mb. The genomic size of PAMC28756 isolated from Antarctic lichen species Stereocaulons was 3.54 Mb, the G + C content was 70.4% with 3,407 predicted genes, of which 3.36% were predicted CAZyme. In addition, while comparing the Glyoxylate cycle among 32 bacteria, except 10 strains, all other, including our strain have Glyoxylate pathway. PAMC28756 contained the genes that degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, amylase, pectinase, chitins and other exo-and endo glycosidases. Utilizing these polysaccharides can provides source of energy in an extreme environment. In addition, PAMC28756 assigned the (10.15%) genes in the carbohydrate transport and metabolism functional group closely related to the CAZyme for polysaccharides degradation. CONCLUSIONS The genomic content and CAZymes distribution was varied in Microbacterium species. There was the presence of more than 10% genes in the carbohydrate transport and metabolism functional group closely related to the CAZyme for polysaccharides degradation. In addition, occurrence of glyoxylate cycle for alternative utilization of carbon sources suggest the adaptation of PAMC28756 in the harsh microenvironment.
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Komesli S, Akbulut S, Arslan NP, Adiguzel A, Taskin M. Waste frying oil hydrolysis and lipase production by cold-adapted Pseudomonas yamanorum LP2 under non-sterile culture conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:3245-3253. [PMID: 32192416 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1745297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-sterile culture technique is currently used in some microbial processes. However, there is no study on the use of this technique in the production of microbial lipases and hydrolysis of waste frying oils. This study was conducted to hydrolyse waste frying oils and produce lipase under non-sterile culture conditions using locally isolated cold-adapted bacteria. Of 75 bacterial isolates, the psychrotolerant Pseudomonas yamanorum LP2 (Genbank number: KU711080) was determined to have the highest lipase activity. It was found that a combination of restricted nutrient availability, low temperature and high inoculum volume prevented microbial contaminants under non-sterile conditions. The most favourable parameters for lipase production under both sterile and non-sterile conditions were 15°C temperature, pH 8, 30 mL/L inoculum volume, 40 mL/L waste frying oil concentration, 10 mL/L Tween-80 and 72 h incubation time. The maximum lipase activities in sterile and non-sterile media were determined as 93.3 and 96.8 U/L, respectively. The present process designed for enzyme production and waste oil hydrolysis can reduce the cost of cultivation medium as well as energy consumption and workload. The potential of cold-adapted bacteria to produce lipase and hydrolyse waste oils under non-sterile culture conditions was first tested in the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senba Komesli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sumeyya Akbulut
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Adiguzel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mesut Taskin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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16
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Cold-adapted chitinases from Antarctic bacteria: Taxonomic assessment and enzyme production optimization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Shi T, Li XQ, Zheng L, Zhang YH, Dai JJ, Shang EL, Yu YY, Zhang YT, Hu WP, Shi DY. Sesquiterpenoids From the Antarctic Fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:688202. [PMID: 34177873 PMCID: PMC8226235 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.688202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal strains Pseudogymnoascus are a kind of psychrophilic pathogenic fungi that are ubiquitously distributed in Antarctica, while the studies of their secondary metabolites are infrequent. Systematic research of the metabolites of the fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. HSX2#-11 led to the isolation of six new tremulane sesquiterpenoids pseudotremulanes A-F (1-6), combined with one known analog 11,12-epoxy-12β-hydroxy-1-tremulen-5-one (7), and five known steroids (8-12). The absolute configurations of the new compounds (1-6) were elucidated by their ECD spectra and ECD calculations. Compounds 1-7 were proved to be isomeride structures with the same chemical formula. Compounds 1/2, 3/4, 1/4, and 2/3 were identified as four pairs of epimerides at the locations of C-3, C-3, C-9, and C-9, respectively. Compounds 8 and 9 exhibited cytotoxic activities against human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), colorectal cancer (HCT116), and hepatoma (HepG2) cell lines. Compounds 9 and 10 also showed antibacterial activities against marine fouling bacteria Aeromonas salmonicida. This is the first time to find terpenoids and steroids in the fungal genus Pseudogymnoascus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia-Jia Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Er-Lei Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan-Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Da-Yong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Liu J, Liu W, Xing S, Zhang X, He H, Chen J, Bielicki JK, Zhou M. Diversity of protease-producing bacteria in the soils of the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:457-464. [PMID: 33598877 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Proteases secreted from bacteria into soil play a key role in the degradation of organic nitrogen, which is the first and, usually, the rate-limiting step of nitrogen cycling. However, the diversity of protease-producing bacteria and their excreted proteases in Antarctic soil have not yet been fully explored. Here we studied 20 soil samples from the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica and isolated 253 strains with protease activity. These protease-producing bacteria belonged to the phyla Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Deinococcus-Thermus. Thhe predominant genera were Arthrobacter (14.9%), Chryseobacterium (14.5%), Flavobacterium (14.5%), and Pseudomonas (14.5%). Most of these bacteria secreted serine proteases and metalloproteases. There was quite a large distribution in activity as quantified by protease and inhibition assays. Only a few strains secreted aspartic and/or cysteine proteases. Together these data provided novel insight into the diversity and mechanism of organic nitrogen degradation in Antarctic soils by various proteases, which may have potential in new biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailun He
- School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Mingyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, People's Republic of China.
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Rizzo C, Lo Giudice A. The Variety and Inscrutability of Polar Environments as a Resource of Biotechnologically Relevant Molecules. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091422. [PMID: 32947905 PMCID: PMC7564310 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of an ever-increasing number of methodological approaches and tools is positively contributing to the development and yield of bioprospecting procedures. In this context, cold-adapted bacteria from polar environments are becoming more and more intriguing as valuable sources of novel biomolecules, with peculiar properties to be exploited in a number of biotechnological fields. This review aims at highlighting the biotechnological potentialities of bacteria from Arctic and Antarctic habitats, both biotic and abiotic. In addition to cold-enzymes, which have been intensively analysed, relevance is given to recent advances in the search for less investigated biomolecules, such as biosurfactants, exopolysaccharides and antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rizzo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Department Marine Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Villa Pace, Contrada Porticatello 29, 98167 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (CNR-ISP), Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy;
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20
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Karahalil E. Principles of halal-compliant fermentations: Microbial alternatives for the halal food industry. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Khan AL, Asaf S, M. Abed RM, Ning Chai Y, N. Al-Rawahi A, Mohanta TK, Al-Rawahi A, Schachtman DP, Al-Harrasi A. Rhizosphere Microbiome of Arid Land Medicinal Plants and Extra Cellular Enzymes Contribute to Their Abundance. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8020213. [PMID: 32033333 PMCID: PMC7074696 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8020213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Revealing the unexplored rhizosphere microbiome of plants in arid environments can help in understanding their interactions between microbial communities and plants during harsh growth conditions. Here, we report the first investigation of rhizospheric fungal and bacterial communities of Adenium obesum, Aloe dhufarensis and Cleome austroarabica using next-generation sequencing approaches. A. obesum and A. dhufarensis grows in dry tropical and C. austroarabica in arid conditions of Arabian Peninsula. The results indicated the presence of 121 fungal and 3662 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) whilst microbial diversity was significantly high in the rhizosphere of A. obesum and A. dhufarensis and low in C. austroarabica. Among fungal phyla, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were abundantly associated within rhizospheres of all three plants. However, Mucoromycota was only present in the rhizospheres of A. obesum and A. dhufarensis, suggesting a variation in fungal niche on the basis of host and soil types. In case of bacterial communities, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were predominant microbial phyla. These results demonstrated varying abundances of microbial structure across different hosts and locations in arid environments. Rhizosphere’s extracellular enzymes analysis revealed varying quantities, where, glucosidase, cellulase, esterase, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase were significantly higher in the rhizosphere of A. dhufarensis, while phosphatase and indole-acetic acid were highest in the rhizosphere of A. obesum. In conclusion, current findings usher for the first time the core microbial communities in the rhizospheric regions of three arid plants that vary greatly with location, host and soil conditions, and suggest the presence of extracellular enzymes could help in maintaining plant growth during the harsh environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman; (S.A.); (A.N.A.-R.); (T.K.M.); (A.A.-R.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.K.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman; (S.A.); (A.N.A.-R.); (T.K.M.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Raeid M. M. Abed
- Sultan Qaboos University, College of Science, Biology Department, Muscat 123, Sultanate of Oman;
| | - Yen Ning Chai
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture and Centre for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (Y.N.C.); (D.P.S.)
| | - Ahmed N. Al-Rawahi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman; (S.A.); (A.N.A.-R.); (T.K.M.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman; (S.A.); (A.N.A.-R.); (T.K.M.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman; (S.A.); (A.N.A.-R.); (T.K.M.); (A.A.-R.)
| | - Daniel P. Schachtman
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture and Centre for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; (Y.N.C.); (D.P.S.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman; (S.A.); (A.N.A.-R.); (T.K.M.); (A.A.-R.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.K.); (A.A.-H.)
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Varrella S, Tangherlini M, Corinaldesi C. Deep Hypersaline Anoxic Basins as Untapped Reservoir of Polyextremophilic Prokaryotes of Biotechnological Interest. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020091. [PMID: 32019162 PMCID: PMC7074082 DOI: 10.3390/md18020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-sea hypersaline anoxic basins (DHABs) are considered to be among the most extreme ecosystems on our planet, allowing only the life of polyextremophilic organisms. DHABs’ prokaryotes exhibit extraordinary metabolic capabilities, representing a hot topic for microbiologists and biotechnologists. These are a source of enzymes and new secondary metabolites with valuable applications in different biotechnological fields. Here, we review the current knowledge on prokaryotic diversity in DHABs, highlighting the biotechnological applications of identified taxa and isolated species. The discovery of new species and molecules from these ecosystems is expanding our understanding of life limits and is expected to have a strong impact on biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Varrella
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | | | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Characterization of amylase produced by cold-adapted bacteria from Antarctic samples. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Díaz A, Villanueva P, Oliva V, Gil-Durán C, Fierro F, Chávez R, Vaca I. Genetic Transformation of the Filamentous Fungus Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus of Antarctic Origin. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2675. [PMID: 31824460 PMCID: PMC6883257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-adapted fungi isolated from Antarctica, in particular those belonging to the genus Pseudogymnoascus, are producers of secondary metabolites with interesting bioactive properties as well as enzymes with potential biotechnological applications. However, at genetic level, the study of these fungi has been hindered by the lack of suitable genetic tools such as transformation systems. In fungi, the availability of transformation systems is a key to address the functional analysis of genes related with the production of a particular metabolite or enzyme. To the best of our knowledge, the transformation of Pseudogymnoascus strains of Antarctic origin has not been achieved yet. In this work, we describe for the first time the successful transformation of a Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus strain of Antarctic origin, using two methodologies: the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transformation, and the electroporation of germinated conidia. We achieved transformation efficiencies of 15.87 ± 5.16 transformants per μg of DNA and 2.67 ± 1.15 transformants per μg of DNA for PEG-mediated transformation and electroporation of germinated conidia, respectively. These results indicate that PEG-mediated transformation is a very efficient method for the transformation of this Antarctic fungus. The genetic transformation of Pseudogymnoascus verrucosus described in this work represents the first example of transformation of a filamentous fungus of Antarctic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaí Díaz
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Villanueva
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente Oliva
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Gil-Durán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Fierro
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Cellulolytic, amylolytic and xylanolytic potential of thermophilic isolates of Surajkund hot spring. J Biosci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-019-9938-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Valdespino-Castillo PM, Cerqueda-García D, Espinosa AC, Batista S, Merino-Ibarra M, Taş N, Alcántara-Hernández RJ, Falcón LI. Microbial distribution and turnover in Antarctic microbial mats highlight the relevance of heterotrophic bacteria in low-nutrient environments. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2019; 94:5047302. [PMID: 29982398 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiy129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maritime Antarctica has shown the highest increase in temperature in the Southern Hemisphere. Under this scenario, biogeochemical cycles may be altered, resulting in rapid environmental change for Antarctic biota. Microbes that drive biogeochemical cycles often form biofilms or microbial mats in continental meltwater environments. Limnetic microbial mats from the Fildes Peninsula were studied using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Mat samples were collected from 15 meltwater stream sites, comprising a natural gradient from ultraoligotrophic glacier flows to meltwater streams exposed to anthropogenic activities. Our analyses show that microbial community structure differences between mats are explained by environmental NH4+, NO3-, DIN, soluble reactive silicon and conductivity. Microbial mats living under ultraoligotrophic meltwater conditions did not exhibit a dominance of cyanobacterial photoautotrophs, as has been documented for other Antarctic limnetic microbial mats. Instead, ultraoligotrophic mat communities were characterized by the presence of microbes recognized as heterotrophs and photoheterotrophs. This suggests that microbial capabilities for recycling organic matter may be a key factor to dwell in ultra-low nutrient conditions. Our analyses show that phylotype level assemblages exhibit coupled distribution patterns in environmental oligotrophic inland waters. The evaluation of these microbes suggests the relevance of reproductive and structural strategies to pioneer these psychrophilic ultraoligotrophic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Cerqueda-García
- Laboratorio de Ecología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ana Cecilia Espinosa
- LANCIS, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia Batista
- Unidad de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, 11600, Uruguay
| | - Martín Merino-Ibarra
- Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
| | - Neslihan Taş
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, US
| | | | - Luisa I Falcón
- Laboratorio de Ecología Bacteriana, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico
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Yuivar Y, Alcaino J, Cifuentes V, Baeza M. Characterization of gelatinase produced by Antarctic Mrakia sp. J Basic Microbiol 2019; 59:846-852. [PMID: 31215677 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 20 psychrotolerant yeast species isolated from the soils of King George Island in the sub-Antarctic region were evaluated for the production of extracellular gelatinase, an enzyme with high potential for applications in diverse areas, such as food and medicine. The production of extracellular gelatinase was confirmed in the yeasts Metschnikowia sp., Leucosporidium fragarium, and Mrakia sp., the last one being the yeast in which the highest gelatinase activity was detected. The enzyme was purified from cultures of Mrakia sp., and the effect of different physical-chemical factors on its activity was determined. The gelatinase produced by Mrakia sp. would correspond to a protein of relative molecular weight (rMW) 37,000, which displayed the highest activity at 36°C, pH 7.0, 10 mM CaCl 2 , and 5 mM ZnSO 4 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassef Yuivar
- Depto. de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Alcaino
- Depto. de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Cifuentes
- Depto. de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Baeza
- Depto. de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Pandey A, Jain R, Sharma A, Dhakar K, Kaira GS, Rahi P, Dhyani A, Pandey N, Adhikari P, Shouche YS. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry based comparative assessment and bioprospection of psychrotolerant bacteria isolated from high altitudes under mountain ecosystem. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0273-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Ge C, Wei C, Yang BX, Cheng J, Huang YS. Conjunctival microbiome changes associated with fungal keratitis: metagenomic analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2019; 12:194-200. [PMID: 30809472 PMCID: PMC6376244 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2019.02.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the ocular surface microbiome profile of patients with fungal keratitis (FK) through bacterial 16S rDNA sequencing. METHODS The swab samples were collected from 8 patients with FK (Group 1 from the corneal ulcer, Group 2 from the conjunctival sac of the infected eyes, and Group 3 from the conjunctival sac of the fellow eyes) and 10 healthy eyes (Group 4 from the conjunctival sac). Bacterial 16S rDNA V4-V5 region sequencing was performed to characterize the bacterial communities on the ocular surfaces of the patients with FK. RESULTS Our metagenomic data showed that 97% of the sequence reads were categorized into 245 distinct bacterial genera, with 67.75±7.79 genera detected in Group 1, 73.80±13.44 in Group 2, 74.57±14.14 in Group 3, and 89.60±27.49 in Group 4. Compared with the healthy eyes (Group 4), both infected (Groups 1 and 2) and fellow eyes (Group 3) of the patients with FK showed reduced bacterial diversity and altered ocular surface microbiota compositions, with lower abundance of Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus and higher abundances of Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Caulobacter and Psychrobacter. CONCLUSION Our report depicts the altered ocular surface bacterial community structures both in the affected and fellow eyes of patients with FK. These changes may contribute to the pathogenesis of FK or the increased risk for FK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ge
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bao-Xia Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Sen Huang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
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Tripathi VC, Satish S, Horam S, Raj S, lal A, Arockiaraj J, Pasupuleti M, Dikshit DK. Natural products from polar organisms: Structural diversity, bioactivities and potential pharmaceutical applications. POLAR SCIENCE 2018; 18:147-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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Orellana R, Macaya C, Bravo G, Dorochesi F, Cumsille A, Valencia R, Rojas C, Seeger M. Living at the Frontiers of Life: Extremophiles in Chile and Their Potential for Bioremediation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2309. [PMID: 30425685 PMCID: PMC6218600 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extremophiles are organisms capable of adjust, survive or thrive in hostile habitats that were previously thought to be adverse or lethal for life. Chile gathers a wide range of extreme environments: salars, geothermal springs, and geysers located at Altiplano and Atacama Desert, salars and cold mountains in Central Chile, and ice fields, cold lakes and fjords, and geothermal sites in Patagonia and Antarctica. The aims of this review are to describe extremophiles that inhabit main extreme biotopes in Chile, and their molecular and physiological capabilities that may be advantageous for bioremediation processes. After briefly describing the main ecological niches of extremophiles along Chilean territory, this review is focused on the microbial diversity and composition of these biotopes microbiomes. Extremophiles have been isolated in diverse zones in Chile that possess extreme conditions such as Altiplano, Atacama Desert, Central Chile, Patagonia, and Antarctica. Interesting extremophiles from Chile with potential biotechnological applications include thermophiles (e.g., Methanofollis tationis from Tatio Geyser), acidophiles (e.g., Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Leptospirillum ferriphilum from Atacama Desert and Central Chile copper ores), halophiles (e.g., Shewanella sp. Asc-3 from Altiplano, Streptomyces sp. HKF-8 from Patagonia), alkaliphiles (Exiguobacterium sp. SH31 from Altiplano), xerotolerant bacteria (S. atacamensis from Atacama Desert), UV- and Gamma-resistant bacteria (Deinococcus peraridilitoris from Atacama Desert) and psychrophiles (e.g., Pseudomonas putida ATH-43 from Antarctica). The molecular and physiological properties of diverse extremophiles from Chile and their application in bioremediation or waste treatments are further discussed. Interestingly, the remarkable adaptative capabilities of extremophiles convert them into an attractive source of catalysts for bioremediation and industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Orellana
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Constanza Macaya
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Guillermo Bravo
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Flavia Dorochesi
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Andrés Cumsille
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ricardo Valencia
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Rojas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Michael Seeger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Centro de Biotecnología Daniel Alkalay Lowitt, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
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Núñez-Montero K, Barrientos L. Advances in Antarctic Research for Antimicrobial Discovery: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Bacteria from Antarctic Environments as Potential Sources of Novel Antibiotic Compounds Against Human Pathogens and Microorganisms of Industrial Importance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2018; 7:E90. [PMID: 30347637 PMCID: PMC6316688 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics7040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has become a critical public health problem. It is also a concern for industries, since multidrug-resistant microorganisms affect the production of many agricultural and food products of economic importance. Therefore, discovering new antibiotics is crucial for controlling pathogens in both clinical and industrial spheres. Most antibiotics have resulted from bioprospecting in natural environments. Today, however, the chances of making novel discoveries of bioactive molecules from various well-known sources have dramatically diminished. Consequently, unexplored and unique environments have become more likely avenues for discovering novel antimicrobial metabolites from bacteria. Due to their extreme polar environment, Antarctic bacteria in particular have been reported as a potential source for new antimicrobial compounds. We conducted a narrative review of the literature about findings relating to the production of antimicrobial compounds by Antarctic bacteria, showing how bacterial adaptation to extreme Antarctic conditions confers the ability to produce these compounds. We highlighted the diversity of antibiotic-producing Antarctic microorganisms, including the phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, which has led to the identification of new antibiotic molecules and supports the belief that research on Antarctic bacterial strains has important potential for biotechnology applications, while providing a better understanding of polar ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattia Núñez-Montero
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania 0458, 4810296 Temuco, Chile.
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, 481123 Temuco, Chile.
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Escuela de Biología, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, 30101 Cartago, Costa Rica.
| | - Leticia Barrientos
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Centro de Excelencia en Medicina Traslacional, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Alemania 0458, 4810296 Temuco, Chile.
- Núcleo Científico y Tecnológico en Biorecursos (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, 481123 Temuco, Chile.
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Poveda G, Gil-Durán C, Vaca I, Levicán G, Chávez R. Cold-active pectinolytic activity produced by filamentous fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges. Biol Res 2018; 51:28. [PMID: 30149803 PMCID: PMC6109986 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pectinase enzymes catalyze the breakdown of pectin, a key component of the plant cell wall. At industrial level, pectinases are used in diverse applications, especially in food-processing industry. Currently, most of the industrial pectinases have optimal activity at mesophilic temperatures. On the contrary, very little is known about the pectinolytic activities from organisms from cold climates such as Antarctica. In this work, 27 filamentous fungi isolated from marine sponges collected in King George Island, Antarctica, were screened as new source of cold-active pectinases. Results In semi-quantitative plate assays, 8 out 27 of these isolates showed pectinolytic activities at 15 °C and one of them, Geomyces sp. strain F09-T3-2, showed the highest production of pectinases in liquid medium containing pectin as sole carbon source. More interesting, Geomyces sp. F09-T3-2 showed optimal pectinolytic activity at 30 °C, 10 °C under the temperature of currently available commercial mesophilic pectinases. Conclusion Filamentous fungi associated with Antarctic marine sponges are a promising source of pectinolytic activity. In particular, pectinases from Geomyces sp. F09-T3-2 may be potentially suitable for biotechnological applications needing cold-active pectinases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the production of pectinolytic activity from filamentous fungi from any environment in Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Poveda
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Gil-Durán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gloria Levicán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
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Gil-Durán C, Ravanal MC, Ubilla P, Vaca I, Chávez R. Heterologous expression, purification and characterization of a highly thermolabile endoxylanase from the Antarctic fungus Cladosporium sp. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:875-882. [PMID: 30115321 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous endoxylanases from mesophilic fungi have been purified and characterized. However, endoxylanases from cold-adapted fungi, especially those from Antarctica, have been less studied. In this work, a cDNA from the Antarctic fungus Cladosporium sp. with similarity to endoxylanases from glycosyl hydrolase family 10, was cloned and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The pure recombinant enzyme (named XynA) showed optimal activity on xylan at 50 °C and pH 6-7. The enzyme releases xylooligosaccharides but not xylose, indicating that XynA is a classical endoxylanase. The enzyme was most active on xylans with high content of arabinose (rye arabinoylan and wheat arabinoxylan) than on xylans with low content of arabinose (oat spelts xylan, birchwood xylan and beechwood xylan). Finally, XynA showed a very low thermostability. After 20-30 min of incubation at 40 °C, the enzyme was completely inactivated, suggesting that XynA would be the most thermolabile endoxylanase described so far in filamentous fungi. This is one of the few reports describing the heterologous expression and characterization of a xylanase from a fungus isolated from Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Gil-Durán
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Cristina Ravanal
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Avenida República 239, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos (ICYTAL), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Avda. Julio Sarrazín s/n, Isla Teja, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Pamela Ubilla
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile
| | - Inmaculada Vaca
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, 7800003, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato Chávez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Alameda 3363, Estación Central, 9170022, Santiago, Chile.
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Vásquez-Ponce F, Higuera-Llantén S, Pavlov MS, Marshall SH, Olivares-Pacheco J. Phylogenetic MLSA and phenotypic analysis identification of three probable novel Pseudomonas species isolated on King George Island, South Shetland, Antarctica. Braz J Microbiol 2018; 49:695-702. [PMID: 29598976 PMCID: PMC6175711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antarctica harbors a great diversity of microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, microalgae and yeasts. The Pseudomonas genus is one of the most diverse and successful bacterial groups described to date, but only eight species isolated from Antarctica have been characterized. Here, we present three potentially novel species isolated on King George Island. The most abundant isolates from four different environments, were genotypically and phenotypically characterized. Multilocus sequence analysis and 16S rRNA gene analysis of a sequence concatenate for six genes (16S, aroE, glnS, gyrB, ileS and rpoD), determined one of the isolates to be a new Pseudomonas mandelii strain, while the other three are good candidates for new Pseudomonas species. Additionally, genotype analyses showed the three candidates to be part of a new subgroup within the Pseudomonas fluorescens complex, together with the Antarctic species Pseudomonas antarctica and Pseudomonas extremaustralis. We propose terming this new subgroup P. antarctica. Likewise, phenotypic analyses using API 20 NE and BIOLOG® corroborated the genotyping results, confirming that all presented isolates form part of the P. fluorescens complex. Pseudomonas genus research on the Antarctic continent is in its infancy. To understand these microorganisms’ role in this extreme environment, the characterization and description of new species is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Vásquez-Ponce
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sebastián Higuera-Llantén
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - María S Pavlov
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sergio H Marshall
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jorge Olivares-Pacheco
- Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biología, Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Danilovich ME, Sánchez LA, Acosta F, Delgado OD. Antarctic bioprospecting: in pursuit of microorganisms producing new antimicrobials and enzymes. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2295-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Duarte AWF, Dos Santos JA, Vianna MV, Vieira JMF, Mallagutti VH, Inforsato FJ, Wentzel LCP, Lario LD, Rodrigues A, Pagnocca FC, Pessoa Junior A, Durães Sette L. Cold-adapted enzymes produced by fungi from terrestrial and marine Antarctic environments. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:600-619. [PMID: 29228814 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1379468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antarctica is the coldest, windiest, and driest continent on Earth. In this sense, microorganisms that inhabit Antarctica environments have to be adapted to harsh conditions. Fungal strains affiliated with Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla have been recovered from terrestrial and marine Antarctic samples. They have been used for the bioprospecting of molecules, such as enzymes. Many reports have shown that these microorganisms produce cold-adapted enzymes at low or mild temperatures, including hydrolases (e.g. α-amylase, cellulase, chitinase, glucosidase, invertase, lipase, pectinase, phytase, protease, subtilase, tannase, and xylanase) and oxidoreductases (laccase and superoxide dismutase). Most of these enzymes are extracellular and their production in the laboratory has been carried out mainly under submerged culture conditions. Several studies showed that the cold-adapted enzymes exhibit a wide range in optimal pH (1.0-9.0) and temperature (10.0-70.0 °C). A myriad of methods have been applied for cold-adapted enzyme purification, resulting in purification factors and yields ranging from 1.70 to 1568.00-fold and 0.60 to 86.20%, respectively. Additionally, some fungal cold-adapted enzymes have been cloned and expressed in host organisms. Considering the enzyme-producing ability of microorganisms and the properties of cold-adapted enzymes, fungi recovered from Antarctic environments could be a prolific genetic resource for biotechnological processes (industrial and environmental) carried out at low or mild temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alysson Wagner Fernandes Duarte
- a Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca , Arapiraca , Brazil.,b Divisão de Recursos Microbianos , Centro Pluridisciplinar de Pesquisas Químicas, Biológicas e Agrícolas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Paulínia , Brazil
| | - Juliana Aparecida Dos Santos
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Marina Vitti Vianna
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Juliana Maíra Freitas Vieira
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Vitor Hugo Mallagutti
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Fabio José Inforsato
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Lia Costa Pinto Wentzel
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Luciana Daniela Lario
- d Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario , Rosario , Argentina.,e Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andre Rodrigues
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Fernando Carlos Pagnocca
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa Junior
- e Departamento de Tecnologia Bioquímico-Farmacêutica , Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Lara Durães Sette
- c Departamento de Bioquímica e Microbiologia , Universidade Estadual Paulistra (UNESP), Câmpus de Rio Claro , Rio Claro , Brazil
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Production of Lipases by Certain Thermo Tolerant Bacteria. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.11.3.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Sathiyanarayanan G, Bhatia SK, Song HS, Jeon JM, Kim J, Lee YK, Kim YG, Yang YH. Production and characterization of medium-chain-length polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer from Arctic psychrotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas sp. PAMC 28620. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:710-720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Lipase production with free and immobilized cells of cold-adapted yeast Rhodotorula glutinis HL25. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ozturkoglu-Budak S, Wiebenga A, Bron PA, de Vries RP. Protease and lipase activities of fungal and bacterial strains derived from an artisanal raw ewe's milk cheese. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 237:17-27. [PMID: 27541978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified the microbiota present during cheese ripening and observed high protease and lipase activity in Divle Cave cheese. To determine the contribution of individual isolates to enzyme activities, we investigated a range of species representing this microbiota for their proteolytic and lipolytic ability. In total, 17 fungal, 5 yeast and 18 bacterial strains, previously isolated from Divle Cave cheese, were assessed. Qualitative protease and lipase activities were performed on skim-milk agar and spirit-blue lipase agar, respectively, and resulted in a selection of strains for quantitative assays. For the quantitative assays, the strains were grown on minimal medium containing irradiated Divle Cave cheese, obtained from the first day of ripening. Out of 16 selected filamentous fungi, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium cavernicola and Penicillium olsonii showed the highest protease activity, while Mucor racemosus was the best lipase producer. Yarrowia lipolytica was the best performing yeast with respect to protease and lipase activity. From the 18 bacterial strains, 14 and 11 strains, respectively showed protease and lipase activity in agar plates. Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus stratosphericus, Brevibacterium antiquum, Psychrobacter glacincola and Pseudomonas proteolytica displayed the highest protease and lipase activity. The proteases of yeast and filamentous fungi were identified as mainly aspartic protease by specific inhibition with Pepstatin A, whereas inhibition by PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride) indicated that most bacterial enzymes belong to serine type protease. Our results demonstrate that aspartic proteases, which usually have high milk clotting activity, are predominantly derived from fungal strains, and therefore fungal enzymes appear to be more suitable for use in the cheese industry. Microbial enzymes studied in this research might be alternatives for rennin (chymosin) from animal source because of their low cost and stable availability. Future studies will aim to purify these enzymes to test their suitability for use in similar artisanal cheeses or in large scale commercial cheeses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebnem Ozturkoglu-Budak
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Dairy Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ankara, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ad Wiebenga
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter A Bron
- NIZO food research, Kernhemseweg 2, 6718ZB Ede, The Netherlands.
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Lima RN, Porto ALM. Recent Advances in Marine Enzymes for Biotechnological Processes. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2016; 78:153-92. [PMID: 27452170 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, new trends in the food and pharmaceutical industries have increased concern for the quality and safety of products. The use of biocatalytic processes using marine enzymes has become an important and useful natural product for biotechnological applications. Bioprocesses using biocatalysts like marine enzymes (fungi, bacteria, plants, animals, algae, etc.) offer hyperthermostability, salt tolerance, barophilicity, cold adaptability, chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity. Currently, enzymatic methods are used to produce a large variety of products that humans consume, and the specific nature of the enzymes including processing under mild pH and temperature conditions result in fewer unwanted side-effects and by-products. This offers high selectivity in industrial processes. The marine habitat has been become increasingly studied because it represents a huge source potential biocatalysts. Enzymes include oxidoreductases, hydrolases, transferases, isomerases, ligases, and lyases that can be used in food and pharmaceutical applications. Finally, recent advances in biotechnological processes using enzymes of marine organisms (bacterial, fungi, algal, and sponges) are described and also our work on marine organisms from South America, especially marine-derived fungi and bacteria involved in biotransformations and biodegradation of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Lima
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A L M Porto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Biocatálise, Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Yang W, Zou S, He M, Fei C, Luo W, Zheng S, Chen B, Wang C. Growth and lipid accumulation in three Chlorella strains from different regions in response to diurnal temperature fluctuations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 202:15-24. [PMID: 26700754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It was economically feasible to screen strains adaptive to wide temperature fluctuation for outdoor cultivation without temperature control. In this research, three Chlorella strains from arctic glacier, desert soil and temperate native lake were isolated and identified. The growth, biochemical composition, lipid content and fatty acid composition of each strain cultured under the mode of diurnal temperature fluctuations were compared. All the three Chlorella strains showed desirable abilities of accumulating lipid under diurnal temperature fluctuations and their fatty acid profiles were suitable for biodiesel production, although the growth and biochemical composition were seemed to be region-specific. The highest lipid content was at 51.83±2.49% DW, 42.80±2.97% DW and 36.13±2.27% DW under different temperature fluctuation of 11 °C, 25 °C, 7 °C, respectively. The results indicated that the three Chlorella strains could be promising biodiesel feedstock for outdoor cultivation by the cultural mode of diurnal temperature fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shanmei Zou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Meilin He
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Cong Fei
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science of State Oceanic Administration, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, PR China
| | - Shiyan Zheng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Polar Science of State Oceanic Administration, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai 200136, PR China
| | - Changhai Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
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Alcaíno J, Cifuentes V, Baeza M. Physiological adaptations of yeasts living in cold environments and their potential applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:1467-73. [PMID: 26160010 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts, widely distributed across the Earth, have successfully colonized cold environments despite their adverse conditions for life. Lower eukaryotes play important ecological roles, contributing to nutrient recycling and organic matter mineralization. Yeasts have developed physiological adaptations to optimize their metabolism in low-temperature environments, which affect the rates of biochemical reactions and membrane fluidity. Decreased saturation of fatty acids helps maintain membrane fluidity at low temperatures and the production of compounds that inhibit ice crystallization, such as antifreeze proteins, helps microorganisms survive at temperatures around the freezing point of water. Furthermore, the production of hydrolytic extracellular enzymes active at low temperatures allows consumption of available carbon sources. Beyond their ecological importance, interest in psychrophilic yeasts has increased because of their biotechnological potential and industrial uses. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have beneficial effects on human health, and antifreeze proteins are attractive for food industries to maintain texture in food preserved at low temperatures. Furthermore, extracellular cold-active enzymes display unusual substrate specificities with higher catalytic efficiency at low temperatures than their mesophilic counterparts, making them attractive for industrial processes requiring high enzymatic activity at low temperatures. In this minireview, we describe the physiological adaptations of several psychrophilic yeasts and their possible biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Alcaíno
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Víctor Cifuentes
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcelo Baeza
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile.
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Techer C, Daoud A, Madec MN, Gautier M, Jan S, Baron F. Microbial quality of industrial liquid egg white: assumptions on spoiling issues in egg-based chilled desserts. J Food Sci 2015; 80:M389-98. [PMID: 25588552 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As a 1st step, this study aimed at investigating the microbial quality of liquid egg white in a French egg processing company. Thirty raw and 33 pasteurized liquid egg white samples were analyzed. Pasteurization was globally found efficient on mesophilic contaminants (1.7 ± 1.6 and 0.8 ± 0.9 log CFU/mL in raw and pasteurized samples, respectively), including for the control of Salmonella. However, Gram-positive enterococci were still detected in the pasteurized samples. As a 2nd step, a representative bacterial collection was built for exploring the spoilage issue in egg-based chilled desserts. Custard cream was chosen as growth medium since this food is widely used for the production of French chilled desserts. All of the 166 isolates of the bacterial collection were shown to be able to grow and to induce spoilage of the custard cream at refrigeration temperature (10 °C). Several spoilage types were highlighted in the custard cream, on the basis of changes regarding pH, consistency, production of holes or gas. As a 3rd step, bacterial enzymatic activities were explored on custard cream-based agar media. The bacterial collection was reduced to 43 isolates, based on further selection regarding the genera and the spoilage types previously highlighted. Albeit to different degrees, all these isolates were able to produce proteases. A large part of these isolates also expressed lipolytic and amylolytic activities. This study emphasizes the need to control egg white contamination and especially with Gram-positive heat-resistant Enterococi, in order to guarantee the shelf life of egg-based chilled desserts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Techer
- Equipe Microbiologie de l'Oeuf et des Ovoproduits (Micov), UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, F-35042, Rennes, France
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Identification of a marine Bacillus strain C5 and parathion-methyl degradation characteristics of the extracellular esterase B1. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:863094. [PMID: 25580438 PMCID: PMC4279127 DOI: 10.1155/2014/863094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A bacterial strain C5 that can produce new type of marine esterase was isolated and screened from marine sludge. According to 16S rRNA sequence analysis and physiological and biochemical experiments, the strain was identified as Bacillus subtilis. A single isozyme with a molecular weight of 86 kDa was observed by SDS-PAGE and native-PAGE. On this basis, the mechanism of esterase B1 secreted by strain C5 degrading parathion-methyl was explored, and the effects of temperature and pH on the degradation rate were investigated. From the results, p-nitrophenol was one of the degradation products of B1 degrading parathion-methyl, and the best degradation effect could be achieved at the temperature of 40°C and the neutral pH value.
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