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Bhadra F, Vasundhara M. Anti-inflammatory potential of aconitine produced by endophytic fungus Acremonium alternatum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:274. [PMID: 39030384 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-04083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Argemone mexicana belonging to family Papaveraceae is a traditional medicinal plant widely utilized by tribal people in India for treating various ailments like skin infections, wounds and inflammation. This plant is very rich in alkaloidal content, which has a great potential in the treatment of anti-inflammatory disorders. Therapeutically promising bioactive molecules are often produced by endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants. In this investigation, endophytic fungi were isolated from various parts of A. mexicana and screened for alkaloidal content. Among these, one of the fungal isolate, Acremonium alternatum AMEF-5 producing maximum alkaloids showed significant anti-inflammatory activity. Fractionation of this crude fungal extract through column chromatography yielded eight fractions, which were further screened for anti-inflammatory activities. Fraction 3 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity by the inhibition of lipoxygenase enzyme (IC50 15.2 ± 0.09 µg/ml), scavenging of the nitric oxide radicals (IC50 11.38 ± 0.35 µg/ml), protein denaturation (IC50 14.93 ± 0.4 µg/ml), trypsin inhibition (IC50 12.06 ± 0.64 µg/ml) and HRBC stabilization (IC50 11.9 ± 0.22 µg/ml). The bioactive alkaloid in fraction 3 was identified as aconitine which was confirmed by UV, FTIR, HPLC, HRMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR analysis. This study demonstrates that endophytic fungi serve a potential source for sustainable production of therapeutically important alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Bhadra
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - M Vasundhara
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India.
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Rutkowska N, Drożdżyński P, Ryngajłło M, Marchut-Mikołajczyk O. Plants as the Extended Phenotype of Endophytes-The Actual Source of Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10096. [PMID: 37373241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
For thousands of years, plants have been used for their medicinal properties. The industrial production of plant-beneficial compounds is facing many drawbacks, such as seasonal dependence and troublesome extraction and purification processes, which have led to many species being on the edge of extinction. As the demand for compounds applicable to, e.g., cancer treatment, is still growing, there is a need to develop sustainable production processes. The industrial potential of the endophytic microorganisms residing within plant tissues is undeniable, as they are often able to produce, in vitro, similar to or even the same compounds as their hosts. The peculiar conditions of the endophytic lifestyle raise questions about the molecular background of the biosynthesis of these bioactive compounds in planta, and the actual producer, whether it is the plant itself or its residents. Extending this knowledge is crucial to overcoming the current limitations in the implementation of endophytes for larger-scale production. In this review, we focus on the possible routes of the synthesis of host-specific compounds in planta by their endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rutkowska
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Drożdżyński
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ryngajłło
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Olga Marchut-Mikołajczyk
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
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Xingyuan Z, Linjun M, Fang C. The medicinal potential of bioactive metabolites from endophytic fungi in plants. EFOOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/efd2.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Xingyuan
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; and Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Ma Linjun
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; and Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Chen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture; and Engineering Research Centre for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Education China Agricultural University Beijing China
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Microbial endophytes: application towards sustainable agriculture and food security. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5359-5384. [PMID: 35902410 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial endophytes are ubiquitous and exist in each recognised plant species reported till date. Within the host plant, the entire community of microbes lives non-invasively within the active internal tissues without causing any harm to the plant. Endophytes interact with their host plant via metabolic communication enables them to generate signal molecules. In addition, the host plant's genetic recombination with endophytes helps them to imitate the host's physicochemical functions and develop identical active molecules. Therefore, when cultured separately, they begin producing the host plant phytochemicals. The fungal species Penicillium chrysogenum has portrayed the glory days of antibiotics with the invention of the antibiotic penicillin. Therefore, fungi have substantially supported social health by developing many bioactive molecules utilised as antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory and anticancerous agents. But plant-related microbes have emanated as fountainheads of biologically functional compounds with higher levels of medicinal perspective in recent years. Researchers have been motivated by the endless need for potent drugs to investigate alternate ways to find new endophytes and bioactive molecules, which tend to be a probable aim for drug discovery. The current research trends with these promising endophytic organisms are reviewed in this review paper. KEY POINTS: • Identified 54 important bioactive compounds as agricultural relevance • Role of genome mining of endophytes and "Multi-Omics" tools in sustainable agriculture • A thorough description and graphical presentation of agricultural significance of plant endophytes.
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Li H, Shi H, Xu P, Yu D. Metabolomics and microbiome reveal potential root microbiota affecting the alkaloidal metabolome in Aconitum vilmorinianum Kom. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:70. [PMID: 35264111 PMCID: PMC8905797 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The plant microbiome is vital for plant health, fitness, and productivity. Interestingly, plant metabolites and the plant microbiome can influence each other. The combination of metabolomics and microbiome may reveal the critical links between the plant and its microbiome. It is of great significance to agricultural production and human health, especially for Chinese medicine research. Aconitum vilmorinianum Kom. is a herb with alkaloid activities, and its roots are the raw material for some Chinese medicines. Former studies have investigated alkaloidal metabolites and antibacterial activities of endophytes in A. vilmorinianum roots. However, there are limited reports on the root microbiota that can influence the alkaloidal metabolome of A. vilmorinianum. Results This research used ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technology and high-throughput sequencing to examine the alkaloidal metabolome, bacterial microbiota, and fungal microbiota in A. vilmorinianum roots at two different sites in China. The results revealed that the samples from the two sites were rich in distinct alkaloidal metabolites and recruited significantly different root microbiota. Based on bioinformatics analysis, we found the potential bacterial and fungal microbiota impacting the alkaloidal metabolome in A. vilmorinianum. Conclusion Our findings reveal the composition of the alkaloidal metabolome, bacterial root microbiota, and fungal root microbiota in A. vilmorinianum roots at two different sites. Potential root microbiota that can influence the alkaloidal metabolome of A. vilmorinianum are indicated. This study provides a strategy for the cultivation and research of A. vilmorinianum and other Chinese herbs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02486-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongdi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China. .,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Diqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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Chen H, Chen J, Qi Y, Chu S, Ma Y, Xu L, Lv S, Zhang H, Yang D, Zhu Y, Mans DR, Liang Z. Endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11, an efficient inducer of tanshinone biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza roots. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 194:113021. [PMID: 34826795 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional medicinal plant mainly used for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease treatment. Tanshinones are the main bioactive constituents of S. miltiorrhiza, which mainly accumulate around its root periderm tissue. Endophytic fungi are important bioelicitors or probiotics that can promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites and sustainable cultivation of medicinal plants. Among them, endophytic Cladosporium spp., possessing a variety of biotransformation and metabolic abilities, is an ideal elicitor source. Here, we used a gnotobiotic system to investigate the effects of the endophytic fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum DF11 on tanshinone biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza roots. The results showed that C. tenuissimum DF11 mainly colonizes the intercellular space of the root tissues and promotes tanshinone biosynthesis and accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza roots by upregulating the expression of the genes encoding for key enzymes HMGR, DXS, DXR, GGPPS, CPS, KSL and CYP76AH1 of the tanshinone biosynthesis pathway. The expression levels of almost all genes encoding for key enzymes reached the response peak in the first or second week after DF11 colonization. Taken together, the endophytic fungus C. tenuissimum DF11 could promote secondary metabolite accumulation in S. miltiorrhiza roots. These results indicate that DF11 will be a potential biofertilizer fungus to regulate and stabilize the quality of cultivated S. miltiorrhiza medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jialing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyuan Chu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Linna Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonghong Zhu
- Tianjin Tasly Holding Group Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Dennis Ra Mans
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Singh A, Singh DK, Kharwar RN, White JF, Gond SK. Fungal Endophytes as Efficient Sources of Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds and Their Prospective Applications in Natural Product Drug Discovery: Insights, Avenues, and Challenges. Microorganisms 2021; 9:197. [PMID: 33477910 PMCID: PMC7833388 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal endophytes are well-established sources of biologically active natural compounds with many producing pharmacologically valuable specific plant-derived products. This review details typical plant-derived medicinal compounds of several classes, including alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, lignans, phenylpropanoids, quinones, saponins, terpenoids, and xanthones that are produced by endophytic fungi. This review covers the studies carried out since the first report of taxol biosynthesis by endophytic Taxomyces andreanae in 1993 up to mid-2020. The article also highlights the prospects of endophyte-dependent biosynthesis of such plant-derived pharmacologically active compounds and the bottlenecks in the commercialization of this novel approach in the area of drug discovery. After recent updates in the field of 'omics' and 'one strain many compounds' (OSMAC) approach, fungal endophytes have emerged as strong unconventional source of such prized products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dheeraj K. Singh
- Department of Botany, Harish Chandra Post Graduate College, Varanasi 221001, India
| | - Ravindra N. Kharwar
- Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - James F. White
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Surendra K. Gond
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India;
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Zhang H, Wang X, Li R, Sun X, Sun S, Li Q, Xu C. Preparation and Bioactivity of Exopolysaccharide from an Endophytic Fungus Chaetomium sp. of the Medicinal Plant Gynostemma Pentaphylla. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:477-482. [PMID: 28839375 PMCID: PMC5551368 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.211033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many exopolysaccharides from the endophytes in medicinal plants possess various potential bioactivities. Materials and Methods: The endophytic fungus JY25 was isolated from the leave of the Chinese medicinal plant Gynostemma pentaphylla and identified as Chaetomium sp. by its phylogenetic and physiological analysis. One exopolysaccharide (EPS) fraction was isolated from the fermentation broth by ethanol precipitation and purified by gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B. The molecular characteristics were examined by GC-MS, FT-IR, and multiangle laser light scattering (MALLS). Results: The monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the purified EPS was mainly composed of glucose, mannose, arabinose, and galactose with the molecular ratio of 78.29: 8.99: 8.64: 4.08. FT-IR spectral analysis of the purified EPS revealed prominent characteristic groups, such as carbonyl bond, pyranose ring, and so on. The weight-average molar mass and the polydispersity ratio of the EPS were revealed to be 1.961×104 g/mol and 1.838, respectively. Furthermore, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that the degradation temperature of the purified EPS was 305° C. The purified EPS from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. displayed antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the EPS could be used as a healthful food and material source in pharmaceutical industries. SUMMARY An exopolysaccharides (EPS) with antioxidant and antiproliferative activities from an endophytic fungus Chaetomium sp. was reported.
Abbreviations used: ANOVA: Analysis of variance; DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; EPS: Exopolysaccharide; FT-IR: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; GC-MS: Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Mw: Mass weight; MALLS: Multiangle laser light scattering; SEC: Size Exclusion Chomatography; SPSS: Statistical Package of the Social Science; TGA: Thermo gravimetric analysis; TFA: Trifluoroacetic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Ruifang Li
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Xincheng Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Siwen Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Chunping Xu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
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Khan MIH, Sohrab MH, Rony SR, Tareq FS, Hasan CM, Mazid MA. Cytotoxic and antibacterial naphthoquinones from an endophytic fungus, Cladosporium sp. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:861-865. [PMID: 28959613 PMCID: PMC5616083 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Endophytes have the potential to synthesize various bioactive secondary metabolites. The aim of the study was to find new cytotoxic and antibacterial metabolites from endophytic fungus, Cladosporium sp. isolated from the leaves of Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz. (Fam: Apocyanaceae). Materials and methods The endophytic fungus was grown on potato dextrose agar medium and extracted using ethyl acetate. Secondary metabolites were isolated by chromatographic separation and re-crystallization, and structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The cytotoxicity was determined by WST-1 assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay, while antibacterial activity was assessed by disc diffusion method. Results Two naphthoquinones, namely anhydrofusarubin (1) and methyl ether of fusarubin (2), were isolated from Cladosporium sp. The isolated compounds 1 and 2, by WST-1 assay against human leukemia cells (K-562) showed potential cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 3.97 μg/mL and 3.58 μg/mL, respectively. Initial screening of crude ethyl acetate extract and column fractions F-8 and F-10 exhibited noticeable cytotoxicity to brine shimp nauplii with LC50 values of 42.8, 1.2 and 2.1 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the isolated compound 2 (40 μg/disc) showed prominent activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus megaterium with an average zone of inhibition of 27 mm, 25 mm, 24 mm and 22 mm, respectively and the activities were compared with kanamycin (30 μg/disc). Conclusion Our findings indicate that anhydrofusarubin (1) and methyl ether of fusarubin (2) might be useful lead compounds to develop potential cytotoxic and antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Imdadul Huque Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hossain Sohrab
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Satyajit Roy Rony
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | | | - Choudhury Mahmood Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abdul Mazid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Waqas M, Khan AL, Ali L, Kang SM, Kim YH, Lee IJ. Seed germination-influencing bioactive secondary metabolites secreted by the endophyte Cladosporium cladosporioides LWL5. Molecules 2013; 18:15519-30. [PMID: 24352011 PMCID: PMC6269724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181215519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to isolate bioactive metabolites produced by a fungal endophyte from Helianthus annuus, Capsicum annuum, and Cucumis sativus and to assess their role in seed germination. Culture filtrate of the endophyte HA-3B from H. annuus was significantly inhibitory towards the germination and growth of lettuce seeds. HA-3B was identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides LWL5 through molecular techniques. Different concentrations (100, 500 and 1000 ppm) of the ethyl acetate extract obtained from the culture inhibited the lettuce seed germination. The extract was subjected to column chromatography and a bioassay-guided isolation method, which yielded compounds 1, 2 and an oily fraction. The oily fraction, subjected to fractionation and spectroscopic techniques, resulted in the identification of 31 different constituents. Compounds 1 and 2 were identified and characterized through MS and NMR spectroscopic techniques as benzoic acid. The bioassay results showed that this compound significantly inhibited the growth and germination of lettuce seeds. In conclusion, assessing the role of endophytes harboring essential crop plants can help us to develop potentially eco-friendly herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqas
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.W.); (A.L.K.); (S.-M.K.); (Y.-H.K.)
- Department of Agriculture Extension, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Bunir 19290, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.W.); (A.L.K.); (S.-M.K.); (Y.-H.K.)
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 33, Oman; E-Mail: (L.A.)
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 33, Oman; E-Mail: (L.A.)
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.W.); (A.L.K.); (S.-M.K.); (Y.-H.K.)
| | - Yoon-Ha Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.W.); (A.L.K.); (S.-M.K.); (Y.-H.K.)
- International Agricultural Training Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea; E-Mails: (M.W.); (A.L.K.); (S.-M.K.); (Y.-H.K.)
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