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Zhao S, Liu M, Sun X, Jiang X, Li Y, Wu X, Wang L. Engineering the Relatively Conserved Residues in Active Site Architecture of Thermophilic Chitinase SsChi18A Enhanced Catalytic Activity. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:238-247. [PMID: 38116793 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Chitinase plays a vital role in the efficient biotransformation of the chitin substrate. This study aimed to modify and elucidate the contribution of the relatively conserved residues in the active site architecture of a thermophilic chitinase SsChi18A from Streptomyces sp. F-3 in processive catalysis. The enzymatic activity on colloidal chitin increased to 151%, 135%, and 129% in variants Y286W, E287A, and K186A compared with the wild type (WT). Also, the apparent processive parameter G2/G1 was lower in the variants compared to the WT, indicating the essential role of Tyr-286, Glu-287, and Lys-186 in processive catalysis. Additionally, the enzymatic activity on the crystalline chitin of F48W and double mutants F48W/Y209F and F48W/Y286W increased by 35%, 16%, and 36% compared with that for WT. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the driving force of processive catalysis might be related to the changes in interaction energy. This study provided a rational design strategy targeting relatively conserved residues to enhance the catalytic activity of GH18 processive chitinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xukai Jiang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
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Kelbessa BG, Ghadamgahi F, Kumar PL, Ortiz R, Whisson SC, Bhattacharjee R, Vetukuri RR. Antagonistic and plant growth promotion of rhizobacteria against Phytophthora colocasiae in taro. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035549. [PMID: 36531382 PMCID: PMC9755733 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Taro leaf blight caused by Phytophthora colocasiae adversely affects the growth and yield of taro. The management of this disease depends heavily on synthetic fungicides. These compounds, however, pose potential hazards to human health and the environment. The present study aimed to investigate an alternative approach for plant growth promotion and disease control by evaluating seven different bacterial strains (viz., Serratia plymuthica, S412; S. plymuthica, S414; S. plymuthica, AS13; S. proteamaculans, S4; S. rubidaea, EV23; S. rubidaea, AV10; Pseudomonas fluorescens, SLU-99) and their different combinations as consortia against P. colocasiae. Antagonistic tests were performed in in vitro plate assays and the effective strains were selected for detached leaf assays and greenhouse trials. Plant growth-promoting and disease prevention traits of selected bacterial strains were also investigated in vitro. Our results indicated that some of these strains used singly (AV10, AS13, S4, and S414) and in combinations (S4+S414, AS13+AV10) reduced the growth of P. colocasiae (30-50%) in vitro and showed disease reduction ability when used singly or in combinations as consortia in greenhouse trials (88.75-99.37%). The disease-suppressing ability of these strains may be related to the production of enzymes such as chitinase, protease, cellulase, and amylase. Furthermore, all strains tested possessed plant growth-promoting traits such as indole-3-acetic acid production, siderophore formation, and phosphate solubilization. Overall, the present study revealed that bacterial strains significantly suppressed P. colocasiae disease development using in vitro, detached leaf, and greenhouse assays. Therefore, these bacterial strains can be used as an alternative strategy to minimize the use of synthetic fungicides and fertilizers to control taro blight and improve sustainable taro production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekele Gelena Kelbessa
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Farideh Ghadamgahi
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - P. Lava Kumar
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Stephen C. Whisson
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ramesh Raju Vetukuri
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
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Liu J, Xu Q, Wu Y, Sun D, Zhu J, Liu C, Liu W. Carbohydrate-binding modules of ChiB and ChiC promote the chitinolytic system of Serratia marcescens BWL1001. Enzyme Microb Technol 2022; 162:110118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nilpa P, Chintan K, Sayyed RZ, El Enshasy H, El Adawi H, Alhazmi A, Almalki AH, Haque S. Formation of recombinant bifunctional fusion protein: A newer approach to combine the activities of two enzymes in a single protein. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265969. [PMID: 35363796 PMCID: PMC8975109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The tissue of insects, pests, and fungi has a chitin layer followed by protein in the cell membrane. The complete biodegradation of chitin and protein-present in the waste requires the action of two enzymes, namely chitinase, and protease. Combining chitinase and protease in a single protein/enzyme will serve as a bifunctional enzyme that can efficiently degrade the chitin and protein-rich biomass. The present study was aimed to fuse these two enzymes to produce a single protein and study the kinetics of the recombinant fusion protein. A chitinase and alkaline protease genes were isolated, cloned, and expressed successfully as a fusion product in heterologous host Escherichia coli. The two native genes were successfully fused in E.coli by using flexible glycine–serine (G4S)2 linker (GGGGS, GS linker). The recombinant fusion protein in E.coli showed hydrolyzed chitin and protein on chitin and bovine serum albumin agar plates confirming the successful cloning and expression of chitinase and protease enzymes in a single fusion protein. The common pUC18-T7 mini vector with the ompA signal sequence helps the extracellular expression of fusion protein efficiently. The native gel electrophoresis revealed a molecular mass of purified protein as 92.0 kDa. The fusion protein’s maximal chitinase and protease activity occurred at pH 5.0 and 8.0 and 30 0C, respectively resembling the individual enzymes’. In the kinetic studies of the fusion protein, it was observed that the presence of metal ions such as Cu2+, Na2+, and Ca2+; significantly enhanced the enzyme activities while organic solvents oxidants and chemicals have drastically affected the activities of both the enzymes in the fusion protein. No such fusion protein has been produced in a heterologous host yet. The reports on fusion protein with biomass-degrading capacity are also scarce. This is probably the first report of a bifunctional chitinase/protease expressed in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patel Nilpa
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
| | - Kapadia Chintan
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ASPEE College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India
- * E-mail: (KC); (RZS)
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal’s S. I. Patil Arts, G B Patel Science & STKVS Commerce College, Shahada, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Entomology, Asian PGPR Society for Sustainable Agriculture, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- * E-mail: (KC); (RZS)
| | - Hesham El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hala El Adawi
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alaa Alhazmi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- SMIRES for Consultation in Specialized Medical Laboratories, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H. Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Al-Hawiah, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Medicine, Görükle Campus, Nilüfer,Bursa, Turkey
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Subramani AK, Raval R, Sundareshan S, Sivasengh R, Raval K. A marine chitinase from Bacillus aryabhattai with antifungal activity and broad specificity toward crystalline chitin degradation. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1160-1172. [PMID: 35167419 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2033994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases convert chitin into chitin oligomers and are also known antifungal agents. Chitin oligomers have numerous industrial applications. However, chitin's crystalline nature requires pretreatment before breakdown into oligomers. In the study, a novel marine bacterium Bacillus aryabhattai is isolated from the Arabian Sea. Bacterial growth in different crystalline chitin substrates like chitin powder, chitin flakes, and colloidal chitin confirmed the chitinase presence in bacterium could act upon insoluble crystalline chitin with the fractional release of oligomers. The domain architecture analysis of the chitinase confirmed the presence of two N-terminal LysM domains which help enzyme action on crystalline chitin. Statistical optimization of media and Process parameters revealed glycerol, yeast extract, magnesium chloride, and manganese sulfate as significant media components along with colloidal chitin. The optimum process parameters such as pH 7, temperature 40 °C, inoculum size 12.5% (v/v), and inoculum age 20 hours enhanced the specific enzyme activity to ±146.2 U/mL, ±114.9 U/mL and ±175.4 U/mL against chitin powder, chitin flakes and colloidal chitin respectively, which is five to six times higher than basal level activity. The antifungal activity of chitinase against plant pathogenic fungi like Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum revealed a zone of inhibition with 14 mm diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar Subramani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India
| | - Ritu Raval
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Karnataka, India
| | | | - Rashmi Sivasengh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India
| | - Keyur Raval
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, India
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Molecular analysis of genes involved in chitin degradation from the chitinolytic bacterium Bacillus velezensis. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2022; 115:215-231. [PMID: 35001244 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus velezensis RB.IBE29 is a potent biocontrol agent with high chitinase activity isolated from the rhizosphere of black pepper cultivated in the Central Highlands, Vietnam. Genome sequences revealed that this species possesses some GH18 chitinases and AA10 protein(s); however, these enzymes have not been experimentally characterized. In this work, three genes were identified from the genomic DNA of this bacterium and cloned in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis exhibited that the ORF of chiA consists of 1,203 bp and encodes deduced 45.46 kDa-chitinase A of 400 aa. The domain structure of chitinase A is composed of a CBM 50 domain at the N-terminus and a catalytic domain at the C-terminus. The ORF of chiB includes 1,263 bp and encodes deduced 47.59 kDa-chitinase B of 420 aa. Chitinase B consists of two CBM50 domains at the N-terminus and a catalytic domain at the C-terminus. The ORF of lpmo10 is 621 bp and encodes a deduced 22.44 kDa-AA10 protein, BvLPMO10 of 206 aa. BvLPMO10 contains a signal peptide and an AA10 catalytic domain. Chitinases A and B were grouped into subfamily A of family 18 chitinases. Amino acid sequences in their catalytic domains lack aromatic residues (Trp, Phe, Tyr) probably involved in processivity and substrate binding compared with well-known bacterial GH18 chitinases. chiB was successfully expressed in E. coli. Purified rBvChiB degraded insoluble chitin and was responsible for inhibition of fungal spore-germination and egg hatching of plant-parasitic nematode. This is the first report describing the analysis of the chitinase system from B. velezensis.
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Taylor JT, Wang KD, Horwitz B, Kolomiets M, Kenerley CM. Early Transcriptome Response of Trichoderma virens to Colonization of Maize Roots. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2021; 2:718557. [PMID: 37744095 PMCID: PMC10512331 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2021.718557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma virens is a well-known mycoparasitic fungal symbiont that is valued for its biocontrol capabilities. T. virens initiates a symbiotic relationship with a plant host through the colonization of its roots. To achieve colonization, the fungus must communicate with the host and evade its innate defenses. In this study, we explored the genes involved with the host communication and colonization process through transcriptomic profiling of the wild-type fungus and selected deletion mutants as they colonized maize roots. Transcriptome profiles of the T. virens colonization of maize roots over time revealed that 24 h post inoculation appeared to be a key time for plant-microbe communication, with many key gene categories, including signal transduction mechanisms and carbohydrate transport and metabolism, peaking in expression at this early colonization time point. The transcriptomic profiles of Sm1 and Sir1 deletion mutants in the presence of plants demonstrated that Sir1, rather than Sm1, appears to be the key regulator of the fungal response to maize, with 64% more unique differentially expressed genes compared to Sm1. Additionally, we developed a novel algorithm utilizing gene clustering and coexpression network analyses to select potential colonization-related gene targets for characterization. About 40% of the genes identified by the algorithm would have been missed using previous methods for selecting gene targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Taylor
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Ken-Der Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin Horwitz
- Department of Biology, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Kolomiets
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Charles M. Kenerley
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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Navarro-González SS, Ramírez-Trujillo JA, Peña-Chora G, Gaytán P, Roldán-Salgado A, Corzo G, Lina-García LP, Hernández-Velázquez VM, Suárez-Rodríguez R. Enhanced Tolerance against a Fungal Pathogen and Insect Resistance in Transgenic Tobacco Plants Overexpressing an Endochitinase Gene from Serratia marcescens. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3482. [PMID: 31315176 PMCID: PMC6679225 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we cloned a chitinase gene (SmchiC), from Serratia marcescens isolated from the corpse of a Diatraea magnifactella lepidopteran, which is an important sugarcane pest. The chitinase gene SmchiC amplified from the S. marcescens genome was cloned into the transformation vector p2X35SChiC and used to transform tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Petit Havana SR1). The resistance of these transgenic plants to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea and to the pest Spodoptera frugiperda was evaluated: both the activity of chitinase as well as the resistance against B. cinerea and S. frugiperda was significantly higher in transgenic plants compared to the wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sarai Navarro-González
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - José Augusto Ramírez-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Peña-Chora
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Paul Gaytán
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Abigail Roldán-Salgado
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Corzo
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62210, Mexico
| | - Laura Patricia Lina-García
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Víctor Manuel Hernández-Velázquez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Ramón Suárez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico.
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Dhar Purkayastha G, Mangar P, Saha A, Saha D. Evaluation of the biocontrol efficacy of a Serratia marcescens strain indigenous to tea rhizosphere for the management of root rot disease in tea. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191761. [PMID: 29466418 PMCID: PMC5821441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate plant growth promoting and biocontrol efficacy of a Serratia marcescens strain ETR17 isolated from tea rhizosphere for the effective management of root rot disease in tea. Isolated bacterial culture ETR17 showed significant level of in vitro antagonism against nine different foliar and root pathogens of tea. The phenotypic and molecular characterization of ETR17 revealed the identity of the bacterium as Serratia marcescens. The bacterium was found to produce several hydrolytic enzymes like chitinase, protease, lipase, cellulase and plant growth promoting metabolites like IAA and siderophore. Scanning electron microscopic studies on the interaction zone between pathogen and antagonistic bacterial isolate revealed severe deformities in the fungal mycelia. Spectral analyses (LC-ESI-MS, UV-VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC) and TLC indicated the presence of the antibiotics pyrrolnitrin and prodigiosin in the extracellular bacterial culture extracts. Biofilm formation by ETR17 on polystyrene surface was also observed. In vivo application of talc-based formulations prepared with the isolate ETR17 in tea plantlets under green house conditions revealed effective reduction of root-rot disease as well as plant growth promotion to a considerable extent. Viability studies with the ETR17 talc formulation showed the survivability of the isolate up to six months at room temperature. The sustenance of ETR17 (concentration of 8-9x108 cfu g-1) in the soil after the application of talc formulation was recorded by ELISA. Safety studies revealed that ETR17 did not produce hemolysin as observed in pathogenic Serratia strains. The biocontrol strain reported in this study can be used for field application in order to minimize the use of chemical fungicides for disease control in tea gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Preeti Mangar
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Aniruddha Saha
- Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipanwita Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, University of North Bengal, Siliguri, West Bengal, India
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Vaikuntapu PR, Rambabu S, Madhuprakash J, Podile AR. A new chitinase-D from a plant growth promoting Serratia marcescens GPS5 for enzymatic conversion of chitin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 220:200-207. [PMID: 27567481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study describes heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of single-modular chitinase-D from Serratia marcescens (SmChiD) with unprecedented catalytic properties which include chitobiase and transglycosylation (TG) activities besides hydrolytic activity. Without accessory domains, SmChiD, hydrolyzed insoluble polymeric chitin substrates like colloidal, α- and β-chitin. Activity studies on CHOS with degree of polymerization (DP) 2-6 as substrate revealed that SmChiD hydrolyzed DP2 with a chitobiase activity and showed TG activity on CHOS with DP3-6, producing longer chain CHOS. But, the TG products were further hydrolyzed to shorter chain CHOS with DP1-2 products. SmChiD with its unique catalytic properties, could be a potential enzyme for the production of long chain CHOS and also for the preparation of efficient enzyme cocktails for chitin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papa Rao Vaikuntapu
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India
| | - Samudrala Rambabu
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jogi Madhuprakash
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India
| | - Appa Rao Podile
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India.
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Zhu W, Wang D, Liu T, Yang Q. Production of N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine from Mycelial Waste by a Combination of Bacterial Chitinases and an Insect N-Acetyl-d-glucosaminidase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6738-6744. [PMID: 27546481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) has great potential to be used as a food additive and medicine. The enzymatic degradation of chitin-containing biomass for producing GlcNAc is an eco-friendly approach but suffers from a high cost. The economical efficiency can be improved by both optimizing the member and ratio of the chitinolytic enzymes and using new inexpensive substrates. To address this, a novel combination of bacterial and insect chitinolytic enzymes was developed in this study to efficiently produce GlcNAc from the mycelia of Asperillus niger, a fermentation waste. This enzyme combination contained three bacterial chitinases (chitinase A from Serratia marcescens (SmChiA), SmChiB, SmChiC) and one insect N-acetyl-d-glucosaminidase from Ostrinia furnacalis (OfHex1) in a ratio of 39.1% of SmChiA, 26.7% of SmChiB, 32.9% of SmChiC, and 1.3% of OfHex1. A yield of 6.3 mM (1.4 mg/mL) GlcNAc with a purity of 95% can be obtained from 10 mg/mL mycelial powder in 24 h. The enzyme combination reported here exhibited 5.8-fold higher hydrolytic activity over the commercial chitinase preparation derived from Streptomyces griseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Beijing 100193, China
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12
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Antifungal performance of extracellular chitinases and culture supernatants of Streptomyces galilaeus CFFSUR-B12 against Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:44. [PMID: 26873555 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1993-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The tropical and mycoparasite strain Streptomyces galilaeus CFFSUR-B12 was evaluated as an antagonist of Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet, causal agent of the Black Sigatoka Disease (BSD) of banana. On zymograms of CFFSUR-B12 culture supernatants, we detected four chitinases of approximately 32 kDa (Chi32), 20 kDa (Chi20), and two with masses well over 170 kDa (ChiU) that showed little migration during denaturing electrophoresis at different concentrations of polyacrylamide. The thymol-sulphuric acid assay showed that the ChiU were glycosylated chitinases. Moreover, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MS analysis revealed that the ChiU are the same protein and identical to a family 18 chitinase from Streptomyces sp. S4 (gi|498328075). Chi32 was similar to an extracellular protein from Streptomyces albus J1074 (gi|478687481) and Chi20 was non-significantly similar to chitinases from five different strains of Streptomyces (P > 0.05). Subsequently, Chi32 and Chi20 were partially purified by anion exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatography and tested against M. fijiensis. Chitinases failed to inhibit ascospore germination, but inhibited up to 35 and 62% of germ tube elongation and mycelial growth, respectively. We found that crude culture supernatant and living cells of S. galilaeus CFFSUR-B12 were the most effective in inhibiting M. fijiensis and are potential biocontrol agents of BSD.
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Nguyen-Thi N, Doucet N. Combining chitinase C and N-acetylhexosaminidase from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) provides an efficient way to synthesize N-acetylglucosamine from crystalline chitin. J Biotechnol 2016; 220:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li X, Jin X, Lu X, Chu F, Shen J, Ma Y, Liu M, Zhu J. Construction and characterization of a thermostable whole-cell chitinolytic enzyme using yeast surface display. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:2577-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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