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Sadeghloo Z, Saffarian P, Hakemi-Vala M, Sadeghi A, Yadegar A. The modulatory effect of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323 on autophagy induced by extracellular vesicles of Helicobacter pylori in gastric epithelial cells in vitro. Microb Pathog 2024; 188:106559. [PMID: 38272328 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has been recognized as a true pathogen, which is associated with various gastroduodenal diseases, and gastric adenocarcinoma. The crosstalk between H. pylori virulence factors and host autophagy remains challenging. H. pylori can produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contribute to gastric inflammation and malignancy. Some probiotic strains have been documented to modulate cell autophagy process. This study was aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323 on autophagy induced by H. pylori-derived EVs. EVs were isolated from two clinical H. pylori strains (BY-1 and OC824), and characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The viability of AGS cells was assessed after exposure to different concentrations of H. pylori EVs, and L. gasseri CFS. Based on MTT assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, 50 μg/ml of H. pylori EVs and 10 % v/v of L. gasseri CFS were used for further cell treatment experiments. Autophagy was examined using acridin orange (AO) staining, RT-qPCR analysis for autophagy mediators (LC3B, ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1, BECN1, MTOR, and NOD1), and western blotting for LC3B expression. H. pylori EVs were detected to range in size from 50 to 200 nm. EVs of both H. pylori strains and L. gasseri CFS showed no significant effect on cell viability as compared to untreated cells. H. pylori EVs promoted the development of acidic vesicular organelles and the expression of autophagy-related genes (LC3B, ATG5, ATG12, ATG16L1, BECN1, and NOD1), and decreased the expression of MTOR in AGS cells at 12 and 24 h time periods. In addition, the production of LC3B was increased following 12 h of treatment in AGS cells. In contrast, L. gasseri CFS effectively inhibited EVs-induced autophagy, as evidenced by reduced acidic vesicular organelle formation and modulation of autophagy markers. Our study indicated that L. gasseri CFS can effectively suppress H. pylori EV-induced autophagy in AGS cells. Further investigations are required to decipher the mechanism of action L. gasseri CFS and its metabolites on autophagy inhibition induced by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sadeghloo
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Saffarian
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Hakemi-Vala
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Li R, Luo Y, Dong Q, Yin Y, Ma Y, Pan J, Pan Y, Zhang D. Association between the presence and genotype of Helicobacter pylori and periodontitis. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:489. [PMID: 37753294 PMCID: PMC10518645 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with periodontitis has been contested for decades. The relationship between H. pylori genotypes and periodontitis has not been clarified either. The present study provides a novel perspective to better understand the role of H. pylori in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. A total of 53 volunteers were recruited and divided into 3 groups in this cross-sectional study, namely the periodontally healthy group (15 participants), the stage I/II periodontitis group (20 participants) and the stage III/IV periodontitis group (18 participants). DNA from the subgingival plaque of all participants was extracted and PCR was performed using specific primers for the urease C gene and cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA)/vacuolating cytotoxin gene A (vacA) to detect the presence and genotype of H. pylori. A χ2 test and one-way ANOVA were performed on the data. There was no significant difference in sex, age or body mass index between the groups. The detection rate of H. pylori was 39.62% in the total population and increased with the deepening of probing depth and clinical attachment loss. There were significant differences in the detection rate of H. pylori among the three groups, with 13.33, 40.00 and 61.11% in the periodontally healthy, stage I/II periodontitis and stage III/IV periodontitis groups, respectively (χ2=8.760, P<0.001). The cagA-/vacAs2m2 genotype was most commonly detected in the periodontally healthy group (100%). In the periodontitis group, cagA+/vacAs1m2 was the most commonly detected genotype in the stage I/II periodontitis group (37.5%) and cagA+/vacAs1m1 in the stage III/IV periodontitis group (36.3%). The results of the present study suggest that the detection rates and genotypes of H. pylori in the subgingival plaque are associated with the status of periodontitis. cagA+/vacAs1m1 and cagA+/vacAs1m2 may be considered virulence markers of periodontitis. However, given the small sample size and lack of correlation analysis of the study, further larger scale and high-quality clinical trials are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Periodontology, Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiao Luo
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Qin Dong
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Yuqing Yin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Yiwei Ma
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Jiayu Pan
- Department of Periodontology, Shenzhen Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Pan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Biology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Shenyang, Liaoning 110002, P.R. China
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Azizimoghaddam Y, Kermanpour S, Mirzaei N, Houri H, Nabavi-Rad A, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Yadegar A, Zali MR. Genetic diversity of Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system cagI and cagN genes and their association with clinical diseases. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10264. [PMID: 37355714 PMCID: PMC10290643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of cagPAI genes in the Helicobacter pylori genome are considered the most evolved genes under a diversifying selection and evolutionary pressure. Among them, cagI and cagN are described as a part of the two different-operon of cagPAI that are involved in the T4SS machinery, but the definite association of these factors with clinical manifestations is still unclear. A total of 70 H. pylori isolates were obtained from different gastroduodenal patients. All isolates were examined for the presence of primary H. pylori virulence genes by PCR analysis. Direct DNA sequence analysis was performed for the cagI and cagN genes. The results were compared with the reference strain. The cagI, cagN, cagA, cagL, vacA s1m1, vacA s1m2, vacA s2m2, babA2, sabA, and dupA genotypes were detected in 80, 91.4, 84, 91.4, 32.8, 42.8, 24.4, 97.1, 84.3, and 84.3% of the total isolates, respectively. The most variable codon usage in cagI was observed at residues 20-25, 55-60, 94, 181-199, 213-221, 241-268, and 319-320, while the most variable codon usage in CagN hypervariable motif (CagNHM) was observed at residues 53 to 63. Sequencing data analysis of cagN revealed a hypothetical hexapeptide motif (EAKDEN/K) in residues of 278-283 among six H. pylori isolates, which needs further studies to evaluate its putative function. The present study demonstrated a high prevalence of cagI and cagN genes among Iranian H. pylori isolates with gastroduodenal diseases. Furthermore, no significant correlation between cagI and cagN variants and clinical diseases was observed in the present study. However, all patients had a high prevalence of cagPAI genes including cagI, cagN, cagA, and cagL, which indicates more potential role of these genes in disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Azizimoghaddam
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf Kermanpour
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mirzaei
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Houri
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Association of Progranulin Gene Expression from Dyspeptic Patients with Virulent Helicobacter pylori Strains; In Vivo Model. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050998. [PMID: 35630441 PMCID: PMC9145319 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Gastric cancer, the fourth most common cause of death from tumors in the world, is closely associated with Helicobacter pylori. Timely diagnosis, therefore, is essential to achieve a higher survival rate. In Chile, deaths from gastric cancer are high, mainly due to late diagnosis. Progranulin has reflected the evolution of some cancers, but has been poorly studied in gastric lesions. Aiming to understand the role of progranulin in H. pylori infection and its evolution in development of gastric lesions, we evaluated the genic expression of progranulin in gastric tissue from infected and non-infected patients, comparing it according to the epithelial status and virulence of H. pylori strains. (2) Methods: The genic expression of progranulin by q-PCR was quantified in gastric biopsies from Chilean dyspeptic patients (n = 75) and individuals who were uninfected (n = 75) by H. pylori, after receiving prior informed consent. Bacteria were grown on a medium Columbia agar with equine-blood 7%, antibiotics (Dent 2%, OxoidTM), in a microaerophilic environment, and genetically characterized for the ureC, vacA, cagA, and iceA genes by PCR. The status of the tissue was determined by endoscopic observation. (3) Results: Minor progranulin expression was detected in atrophic tissue, with a sharp drop in the tissue colonized by H. pylori that carried greater virulence, VacAs1m1+CagA+IceA1+. (4) Conclusions: Progranulin shows a differential behavior according to the lesions and virulence of H. pylori, affecting the response of progranulin against gastric inflammation.
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Naghibzadeh N, Salmani F, Nomiri S, Tavakoli T. Investigating the effect of quadruple therapy with Saccharomyces boulardii or Lactobacillus reuteri strain (DSMZ 17648) supplements on eradication of Helicobacter pylori and treatments adverse effects: a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:107. [PMID: 35255819 PMCID: PMC8903632 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment with Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacillus reuteri on the eradication of Helicobacter pylori and Adverse effects (AEs) of the treatment. Results This study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. And, eradication of H. pylori was reported comparing quadruple therapy include of PPI (proton pomp inhibitor), bismuth subcitrate, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin versus quadruple therapy supplemented with S. boulardii and L. reuteri DSMZ 17648. For this aim, a total of 156 patients were included in the current study; and patients positive for H. pylori infection (n = 156) were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 52 patients (Group P) received conventional quadruple therapy plus L. reuteri, 52 patients (Group S) received conventional quadruple therapy plus S. boulardii daily, for 2 weeks, and 52 patients were in the control group (Group C). At the end of the treatment period, all the subjects continued to take proton pump inhibitor (PPI) alone for 14 days, and then, no medication was given for 2 weeks again. During follow-up, gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed using an evaluation scale (Glasgow dyspepsia questionnaire [GDQ]), and AEs were assessed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. As a result, all patients completed the treatment protocol in all groups by the end of the study. Additionally, eradication therapy was effective for 94.2% of subjects in Group S, 92.3% of subjects in Group P, and 86.5% of subjects in the control group, with no differences between treatment arms. In Group S, the chance of developing symptoms of nausea (OR = 2.74), diarrhea (OR = 3.01), headache (OR = 10.51), abdominal pain (OR = 3.21), and anxiety (OR = 3.58) was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion S. boulardii could significantly reduce some AEs of H. pylori eradication therapy, but effectiveness of Lactobacillus reuteri on these cases was not significant. It is recommended to conduct the future research with larger sample size in order to investigate the effect. Trial registration: IRCT20200106046021N1, this trial was registered on Jan 14, 2020. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12876-022-02187-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nooshin Naghibzadeh
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Science, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salmani
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Samira Nomiri
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Tahmine Tavakoli
- Gastroenterology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Science, Birjand, Iran.
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Moghim S, Estaji F, Nasr Esfahani B, Zibaee S, Sanei M. EPIYA motif genetic characterization from Helicobacter pylori isolates in distinct geographical regions of Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2022; 11:77. [DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_283_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
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Severe clinical outcomes of infection with babA2-positive Helicobacter pylori strains in the Iranian population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Mirbagheri SZ, Bakhtiari R, Fakhre Yaseri H, Rahimi Foroushani A, Eshraghi SS, Alebouyeh M. Transcriptional alteration of genes linked to gastritis concerning Helicobacter pylori infection status and its virulence factors. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6481-6489. [PMID: 34427890 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection and heterogeneity in its pathogenesis could describe diversity in the expression of inflammatory genes in the gastric tissue. We aimed to investigate transcriptional alteration of genes linked to gastritis concerning the H. pylori infection status and its virulence factors. METHODS AND RESULTS Biopsy samples of 12 infected and 12 non-infected patients with H. pylori that showed moderate chronic gastritis were selected for transcriptional analysis. Genotyping of H. pylori strains was done using PCR and relative expression of inflammatory genes was compared between the infected and non-infected patients using relative quantitative real-time PCR. Positive correlations between transcriptional changes of IL8 with TNF-α and Noxo1 in the infected and TNF-α with Noxo1, MMP7, and Atp4A in the non-infected patients were detected. Six distinct genotypes of H. pylori were detected that showed no correlation with gender, ethnicity, age, endoscopic findings, and transcriptional levels of host genes. Irrespective of the characterized genotypes, our results showed overexpression of TNF-α, MMP7, Noxo1, and ATP4A in the infected and IL-8, Noxo1, and ATP4A in the non-infected patients. CONCLUSIONS A complexity in transcription of genes respective to the characterized H. pylori genotypes in the infected patients was detected in our study. The observed difference in co-regulation of genes linked to gastritis in the infected and non-infected patients proposed involvement of different regulatory pathways in the inflammation of the gastric tissue in the studied groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zohre Mirbagheri
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and Institute Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronak Bakhtiari
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and Institute Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hashem Fakhre Yaseri
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Gastroenterology, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Institute Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Saeed Eshraghi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and Institute Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Alebouyeh
- Pediatric Infections Research Centre, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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A report of nonexistence of the non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species in Iranian patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2021; 66:751-759. [PMID: 34101130 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic, relapsing-remitting gastrointestinal disorder which has become a serious global concern, and it imposes a great degree of health and economic burdens on communities worldwide. Although the presence of non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter (NHPH) microorganisms has been reported in various gastrointestinal disorders, their putative role in the pathogenesis of IBD has been a matter of controversy. The present study aimed to investigate the existence of gastric and enterohepatic NHPHs and their probable coinfection with H. pylori in IBD. Totally, 168 clinical specimens including 70 colonic biopsies and 98 fecal specimens were obtained from IBD patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from all samples, and its quality and concentration were assessed by β-globin PCR and spectrophotometry. The Helicobacter genus-specific PCR was performed using 16S rRNA gene. All samples were also tested for H. pylori infection by PCR of ureC gene fragment (glmM). The presence of NHPH was examined by using species-specific PCR assays. Based on PCR results, H. pylori was detected in 12.9% and 3.1% of colonic biopsies and fecal specimens, respectively. However, no statistically significant correlation was observed (P value > 0.05). We failed to find NHPH in both colonic biopsies and fecal specimens from IBD patients. Despite the fact that none of the IBD patients harbored the NHPH in the current work, further cohorts with larger sample size are required to determine the possible relationship between NHPH infection and IBD pathogenesis.
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Alavifard H, Mirzaei N, Yadegar A, Baghaei K, Smith SM, Sadeghi A, Zali MR. Investigation of Clarithromycin Resistance-Associated Mutations and Virulence Genotypes of Helicobacter pylori Isolated from Iranian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Curr Microbiol 2020; 78:244-254. [PMID: 33251569 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has brought into question the efficiency of clarithromycin which is a vital component of eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. The point mutations within the 23S rRNA sequence of H. pylori isolates which contribute to clarithromycin resistance have yet to be fully characterized. This study was aimed to detect clarithromycin resistance-associated mutations and assess the prevalence of key virulence factors of H. pylori among Iranian patients. Amplification of 16S rRNA and glmM genes were done to identify H. pylori. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of clarithromycin in 82 H. pylori clinical isolates was determined by agar dilution method. Subsequently, various virulence markers including cagA, vacA, sabA, babA, and dupA of H. pylori were identified by PCR. PCR-sequencing was applied to detect point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene. Based on MIC values, 43.9% of H. pylori isolates showed resistance to clarithromycin. The babA and cagA genes were detected in 92.7% and 82.9% of isolates, assigned to be higher than other virulence factors. No significant relationship was found between the H. pylori virulence genotypes and clarithromycin susceptibility (P > 0.05). Analyzing the 23S rRNA sequences revealed A2143G (4/48, 8.3%) and A2142G (3/48, 6.2%) as the most prevalent mutations in clarithromycin-resistant isolates. Additionally, several novel mutations including G2220T, C2248T, A2624C, G2287A, T2188C, G2710C, C2248T, G2269A, and G2224T were also detected among either resistant or susceptible isolates. Our findings revealed the presence of several point mutations in the 23S rRNA gene of H. pylori isolates which may be associated with resistance to clarithromycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Alavifard
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Mirzaei
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sinéad Marian Smith
- School of Medicine & School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Effects of a Potential Probiotic Strain Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323 on Helicobacter pylori-Induced Inflammatory Response and Gene Expression in Coinfected Gastric Epithelial Cells. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:751-764. [PMID: 33206342 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to investigate the modulatory effects of a potential probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323 on Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammatory response and gene expression in human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell line. The gastric epithelial cells were coinfected with a collection of H. pylori clinical strains alone or in combination with L. gasseri at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1:100 for each bacterium, and incubated for different time points of 3, 6, and 12 h. IL-8 secretion from coinfected AGS cells after incubation at each time point was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression of IL-8, Bcl-2, β-catenin, integrin α5, and integrin β1 genes was determined by quantitative RT-PCR amplification of total RNA extracted from coinfected epithelial cells. L. gasseri significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) decreased the production of IL-8 in AGS cells coinfected with H. pylori strains at 6 h post-infection. We also detected that L. gasseri significantly (P < 0.05) down-regulated the gene expression level of IL-8 in H. pylori-stimulated AGS cells after 6 and 12 h of coinfection. Similarly, L. gasseri caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in mRNA expression of Bcl-2, β-catenin, integrin α5, and integrin β1 genes in AGS cells at 3 and 6 h after infection with H. pylori strains as compared with non-infected control cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that L. gasseri ameliorates H. pylori-induced inflammation and could be developed as a supplementation to the current treatment regimens administrated against H. pylori infection.
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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori virulence genes among Iranian infected patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. REVIEWS IN MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/mrm.0000000000000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Kocak BT, Saribas S, Demiryas S, Yilmaz E, Uysal O, Kepil N, Demirci M, Dınc HO, Akkus S, Gülergün R, Gareayaghi N, Dağdeviren HE, Ozbey D, Dağ HH, Tokman HB, Tasci I, Kocazeybek B. Association between polymorphisms in HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-DR, and DQ genes from gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer patients and cagL among cagA-positive Helicobacter pylori strains: The first study in a Turkish population. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 82:104288. [PMID: 32179147 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Colonization of the human gastric mucosa by H. pylori may cause peptic and duodenal ulcers (DUs), gastric lymphomas, and gastric cancers. The cagL gene is a component of cag T4SS and is involved in cagA translocation into host. An association between the risk of gastric cancer and the type of HLA class II (DR and/or DQ) was suggested in different populations. The aim of this study was to investigate, the clinical association of the cagL gene with host HLA alleles in H. pylori strains that were isolated from patients with gastric cancer, DU, and non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and to determine the HLA allele that confers susceptibility or resistance for the risk of gastric cancer and DU development in Turkish patients. A total of 94 patients (44 gastric cancer and 50 DU patients; 58 male, 36 female; mean age, 49.6 years), and 86 individuals (50 NUD patients and 36 persons with normal gastrointestinal system [NGIS]; 30 male, 56 female; mean age, 47.3 years) were included as the patient and the control groups, respectively. CagA and cagL were determined by PCR method. DNA from peripheral blood samples was obtained by EZ-DNA extraction kit. For HLA SSO typing, LIFECODES SSO Typing kits (HLA-A, HLA-B HLA-C, HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1/B1 kits) were used. The CagL/CagA positivity distribution in the groups were as follows: 42 (95.4%) gastric cancer, 46 (92%) DU and, 34 (68%) NUD and no NGIS cases. The HLA-DQA1*01 (OR: 3.82) allele was significantly different, suggesting that these individuals with H. pylori strains harbouring the CagL/CagA positivity are susceptible to the risk of gastric cancer and DU, and the HLA-DQA1*05 (OR, 0.318) allele was suggested as a protective allele for the risk of gastric cancer and DU using univariate analyses. HLA-DQA1*01 (OR, 2.21), HLA-DQB1*06 (OR, 2.67), sex (male, OR, 2.27), and CagL/CagA/(<2) EPIYA C repeats (OR, 5.72) were detected independent risk factors that increased the risk of gastric cancer and DU using multivariate analyses. However, the HLA-DRB1*04 (OR, 0.28) allele was shown to be a protective allele, which decreased the risk of gastric cancer and DU. Gastric pathologies result from an interaction between bacterial virulence factors, host epigenetic and environmental factors, and H. pylori strain heterogeneity, such as genotypic variation among strains and variations in H. pylori populations within an individual host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Tufan Kocak
- T.C. Health Ministry Erenkoy Mental Health, Neurology Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suat Saribas
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Demiryas
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Yilmaz
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Organ Transplantation, HLA Laboratory, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Uysal
- Medical School of Bezmialem, Vakif University, Deparment of Biostatistics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuray Kepil
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demirci
- Beykent University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Harika Oyku Dınc
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seher Akkus
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reyhan Gülergün
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Gareayaghi
- Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Blood Center, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Emre Dağdeviren
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dogukan Ozbey
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hamit Harun Dağ
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hrisi Bahar Tokman
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Tasci
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bekir Kocazeybek
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Analysis and Comparison of the Phylogenetic Diversity Within Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Iranian and Global Populations by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.64171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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High Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Iranian Helicobacter pylori Isolates: Importance of Functional and Mutational Analysis of Resistance Genes and Virulence Genotyping. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8112004. [PMID: 31744181 PMCID: PMC6912791 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8112004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori has become a great challenge in Iran. The genetic mutations that contribute to the resistance have yet to be precisely identified. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance and virulence markers in Iranian H. pylori isolates and to analyze if there is any association between resistance and genotype. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of 68 H. pylori isolates were investigated against metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and tetracycline by the agar dilution method. The frxA, rdxA, gyrA, gyrB, and 23S rRNA genes of the isolates were sequenced. The virulence genotypes were also determined using PCR. Metronidazole resistance was present in 82.4% of the isolates, followed by clarithromycin (33.8%), ciprofloxacin (33.8%), rifampicin (32.4%), amoxicillin (30.9%), levofloxacin (27.9%), and tetracycline (4.4%). Overall, 75% of the isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics tested and considered as a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. Most of the metronidazole-resistant isolates carried frameshift mutations in both frxA and rdxA genes, and premature termination occurred in positions Q5Stop and Q50Stop, respectively. Amino acid substitutions M191I, G208E, and V199A were predominantly found in gyrA gene of fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates. A2143G and C2195T mutations of 23S rRNA were found in four clarithromycin-resistant isolates. Interestingly, significant associations were found between resistance to metronidazole (MNZ) and cagA-, sabA-, and dupA-positive genotypes, with p = 0.0002, p = 0.0001, and p = 0.0001, respectively. Furthermore, a significant association was found between oipA “on” status and resistance to amoxicillin (AMX) (p = 0.02). The prevalence of H. pylori antibiotic resistance is high in our region, particularly that of metronidazole, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and MDR. Simultaneous screening of virulence and resistance genotypes can help clinicians to choose the appropriate therapeutic regime against H. pylori infection.
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Yadegar A, Mohabati Mobarez A, Zali MR. Genetic diversity and amino acid sequence polymorphism in Helicobacter pylori CagL hypervariable motif and its association with virulence markers and gastroduodenal diseases. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1619-1632. [PMID: 30873747 PMCID: PMC6488209 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variability in cagL gene especially within the Helicobacter pylori CagL hypervariable motif (CagLHM) may affect the development of gastric cancer. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the association of CagL diversity with clinical outcomes and with H pylori virulence markers. A total of 126 patients with different gastric diseases including non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD), peptic ulcer disease (PUD), gastric erosion (GE), and gastric cancer (GC) were enrolled. H pylori was cultured from gastric biopsies, and the isolates were screened for the presence of cagL, cagA, vacA, babA2, sabA, and cagPAI integrity by PCR. The amino acid polymorphisms of cagL were analyzed using DNA sequencing. We isolated 61 (48.4%) H pylori strains from 36 NUD, eight PUD, 12 GE, and five GC patients. Almost all isolates were cagL positive (97%), and their RGD, RHS, and SKIIVK motifs were highly conserved. Among 10 CagLHM variants identified, NEIGQ and NKIGQ were detected as the most prevalent sequences. Interestingly, a significant association was found between the presence of NKMGK and PUD (P = 0.002). Notably, the NEIGQ isolates with multiple C-type EPIYA repeat that carried intact cagPAI correlated with disease risk for PUD, GE, and GC (P = 0.021). In conclusion, we identified novel variants of H pylori CagLHM sequences in Iranian population such as NKMGK, which was associated with disease risk for PUD. Further studies using a large number of strains are required to better clarify the function of certain CagLHM motifs in gastric carcinogenesis and disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohabati Mobarez
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Román-Román A, Martínez-Santos VI, Castañón-Sánchez CA, Albañil-Muñoz AJ, González-Mendoza P, Soto-Flores DG, Martínez-Carrillo DN, Fernández-Tilapa G. CagL polymorphisms D58/K59 are predominant in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Mexican patients with chronic gastritis. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:5. [PMID: 30805032 PMCID: PMC6373039 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa in humans. One of the main virulence factors of H. pylori is the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), which encodes a type 4-secretion system (T4SS) and the cytotoxin CagA. Translocation of CagA through the T4SS triggers host-signaling pathways. One of the T4SS proteins is CagL, which is necessary for CagA translocation. CagL is a 26-kDa protein that contains a hypervariable motif, which spans residues 58 to 62. Several polymorphisms in this region have been associated with different disease outcomes, e.g. in Mexico, N58 is associated with a higher risk of gastric cancer. The aim of this work is to analyze the sequence of the hypervariable motif (residues 58 to 62) of clinical isolates from Mexican patients with chronic gastritis, and to correlate these polymorphisms with the vacA genotype. Results Of the 164 biopsies analyzed, only 30.5% (50/164) were positive for H. pylori. Thirty-six of the 50 clinical isolates (72%) were cagA positive, and 40 (80%) had the most virulent vacA genotype (s1/m1). Of the cagA positive strains, 94.4% were vacA s1/m1. All the cagA+ strains contained the cagL gene. The most prevalent sequence in the polymorphic region (residues 58–62) was DKMGE (75.8%, 25/33), followed by NKMGQ and NEIGQ (6.1%, 2/33), and DEIGQ, NKMGE, DKIGE, and DKIGK (3%, 1/33). Regarding polymorphisms in positions 58 and 59, the most common were D58/K59 (81.8%, 27/33), followed by N58/K59 (9.1%, 3/33), and D58/E59 (3%, 1/33). Only two isolates (6.1%) contained residues N58/E59, which correspond to those found in H. pylori strain ATCC 26695. 92.6% of the clinical isolates having polymorphism D58/K59 had the genotype vacA s1/m1, considered to be the most virulent, while 7.4% had the genotypes vacA s1/m2 and s2/m2. Conclusions In Mexican patients, CagL polymorphisms D58, K59, M60, E62, K122, and I134 are more common in patients with chronic gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Román-Román
- 1Laboratorio de Investigación en Bacteriología, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n C.U. Sur., C.P. 39090 Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Verónica I Martínez-Santos
- 2Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Javier Méndez Aponte No. 1, Fracc. 10, Col. Servidor Agrario, C.P. 39070 Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Carlos A Castañón-Sánchez
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Oaxaca, Aldama s/n, Col. Centro, C.P. 71256 San Bartolo Coyotepec, Oaxaca Mexico
| | - Alan J Albañil-Muñoz
- 4Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n C.U. Sur., C.P. 39090 Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Paola González-Mendoza
- 4Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n C.U. Sur., C.P. 39090 Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Diana G Soto-Flores
- 4Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n C.U. Sur., C.P. 39090 Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Dinorah N Martínez-Carrillo
- 4Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n C.U. Sur., C.P. 39090 Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
| | - Gloria Fernández-Tilapa
- 4Laboratorio de Investigación Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Av. Lázaro Cárdenas s/n C.U. Sur., C.P. 39090 Chilpancingo, Guerrero Mexico
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Whitmire JM, Merrell DS. Helicobacter pylori Genetic Polymorphisms in Gastric Disease Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1149:173-194. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Bagheri N, Sadeghiani M, Rahimian G, Mahsa M, Shafigh M, Rafieian-kopaei M, Shirzad H. Correlation between expression of MMP-9 and MMP-3 in Helicobacter pylori infected patients with different gastroduodenal diseases. Arab J Gastroenterol 2018; 19:148-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Farzi N, Yadegar A, Aghdaei HA, Yamaoka Y, Zali MR. Genetic diversity and functional analysis of oipA gene in association with other virulence factors among Helicobacter pylori isolates from Iranian patients with different gastric diseases. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 60:26-34. [PMID: 29452293 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most genetically diverse bacterial pathogens that persistently colonizes the human gastric epithelium. This remarkable genomic plasticity may act as a driving force for successful adaptation and persistence of the bacteria in the harsh gastric environment. Outer inflammatory protein A (OipA) encoded by oipA gene (HP0638/hopH) is a member of the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of H. pylori involved in induction of IL-8 secretion and is associated with development of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Expression of OipA is regulated by phase variation within a CT dinucleotide repeat motif of the oipA gene. In this study we carried out direct DNA sequence analysis of 53 amplified fragments to investigate the oipA "On/Off" status among Iranian H. pylori isolates from patients with various gastric diseases. The prevalence of cagL, cagA, EPIYA motifs, vacA alleles, babA2 and sabA genotypes as well as cagPAI integrity of the isolates were determined by PCR. Our results demonstrated a high prevalence of strains with functional oipA status (79%) and significant associations were found between functional oipA and cagA (P = 0.027) and vacA s1m1 (P = 0.022) genotypes. The vacA s1m2 genotype was also found to be statistically associated with PUD (P = 0.0001). Interestingly, we showed that H. pylori strains with intact cagPAI co-expressed oipA gene in a significant synergistic relationship (P < 0.01). However, no significant association was observed between the functional oipA status and clinical outcomes (P > 0.05). In conclusion, our findings denotes great diversity in the number and pattern of CT dinucleotide repeats of oipA among Iranian H. pylori strains. The synergistic link between functional oipA and other important virulence factors is proposed to be critical in the pathogenesis of H. pylori, which needs further studies with a larger number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Farzi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sohrabi M, Khashei R, Alizadeh M, Asl MKH, Nejati MA, Dara M, Bazargani A. Low Rate of babA2 Genotype among Iranian Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:DC32-DC36. [PMID: 28892894 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/24810.10277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Blood Group Antigen-Binding Adhesion (babA), Outer Inflammatory Protein (oipA) and Sialic Acid-Binding Adhesin (sabA) as outer membrane proteins involved in Helicobacter pylori adherence to gastric mucosa have been suggested to have a role in the pathogenesis. AIM To investigate the frequency of H. pylori isolates babA2, oipA and sabA genes in Iranian dyspeptic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNAs were extracted from H. pylori -positive cultures taken from 100 different dyspeptic patients. Genotyping was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), using the specific primers for babA2, oipA and sabA genes. Chi square test was used to investigate association between variables, p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS All (100%) isolates possessed oipA and sabA genotypes, whereas babA2 was detected in 22% of isolates. There was no significant relationship between presence of genes with clinical outcome. The combined genotype oipA +/sabA +/ babA2- was correlated with gastritis. The rate of babA2 genotype in our isolates was lower than other Iranian reports. CONCLUSION Frequency of babA2 genotype among H. pylori isolates from Southwest of Iran is considerably less than other regions of Iran. Due to heterogeneity of H. pylori strains in different geographic regions, further work will be needed to understand the role of these virulence genes in H. pylori pathogenesis and their possible association with disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sohrabi
- Student, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Khashei
- Assistant Professor, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahvash Alizadeh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Ward, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Kazem Hosseini Asl
- Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Ward, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Nejati
- Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Ward, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahintaj Dara
- Ph.D Student, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdollah Bazargani
- Associate Professor, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori BabA in adaptation for gastric colonization. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4158-4169. [PMID: 28694656 PMCID: PMC5483490 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i23.4158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as a causative agent of gastric complications, is well adapted for the colonization of gastric mucosa. Although the infectious process depends on several factors, the adhesion to the gastric mucosa is the first and important step. Among several outer membrane proteins, BabA is one of the significant protein involving in many inflammatory processes in addition to its role in the attachment for the persistent colonization. We performed a PubMed search using the key words: “babA”, “pylori”, “gastric complications”, “homologous recombination”, “slipped strand mispairing”; a total of 249 articles were displayed. Of these we mainly focused on articles with the full text in English and published between 2005 and 2016. H. pylori BabA is involved in binding with receptors; however, its synthesis is regulated by phase variation. In this review we confirm that H. pylori babA can be modulated at the molecular and functional levels to adapt to the stress within the gastro-intestinal tract.
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Gharibi S, Falsafi T, Alebouyeh M, Farzi N, Vaziri F, Zali MR. Relationship between histopathological status of the Helicobacter pylori infected patients and proteases of H. pylori in isolates carrying diverse virulence genotypes. Microb Pathog 2017. [PMID: 28629725 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the main cause of several gastroduodenal diseases in Humans. Among various virulence factors of H. pylori, proteases may also be involved in its pathogenicity. In this study, relationship between proteolytic activity of H. pylori strains and histopathological changes of the stomach was investigated in the patients infected with strains carrying diverse virulence factors. H. pylori strains were isolated from the biopsies of 116 patients who referred to hospital for their gastroduodenal disorders, in Tehran, Iran. Biopsies were sent to microbiology and pathology laboratories for further analysis. All the suspected grown colonies were characterized by both biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Presence of seven protease genes, htrA, clpP, hp0169, hp1012, hp0382, hp1350 and hp1435, and distinct allelic variants of H. pylori virulence factors, cagA, vacA, iceA, babA2 and sabA, were analyzed in each strain. Protease activity of the strains was assessed using spectrophotometric assay. Furthermore, association between diversity in protease genes and virulence genes, protease activity, as well as pathological changes was estimated statistically. Proteases genes, htrA, clpP, hp0169, hp1012, hp0382, hp1350, hp1435, were detected among 100%, 100%, 98%, 98%, 98%, 98%, and 8% of fifty H. pylori strains isolated from the patients, respectively. Status of cagA, vacA s1, vacA s2, vacA m1, vacA m2, iceA1, iceA2, babA2 and sabA genes in isolates were 64%, 68%, 30%, 26%, 74%, 48%, 52%, 100%, and 96%, respectively. Predominant (84%) combined status for protease genes was: htrA/clpP/hp0169/hp1012/hp0382/hP1350/hp1435, while the prevalent combined status (16%) for virulence genes was: cagA+/vacA s1m2/iceA1+/sabA+/babA2+. Although most of the strains (91.4%) presented moderate protease activity in vitro, lowest activity was measured in strains isolated from the patients with chronic gastritis (4.25%). Present study provide the new data on diversity of protease genes in H. pylori, as well as the proteolytic activity of these genes in H. pylori strains from the sick patients. Presence of significant association between lower protease activity of the strains and mildness of the pathological changes propose involvement of these proteases in the pathogenesis of H. pylori in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Gharibi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Falsafi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoud Alebouyeh
- Foodborne and Waterborne Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nastaran Farzi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Disease Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran
| | - Mohamad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cherati MR, Shokri-Shirvani J, Karkhah A, Rajabnia R, Nouri HR. Helicobacter pylori cagL amino acid polymorphism D58E59 pave the way toward peptic ulcer disease while N58E59 is associated with gastric cancer in north of Iran. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:413-418. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Bagheri N, Azadegan-Dehkordi F, Rafieian-Kopaei M, Rahimian G, Asadi-Samani M, Shirzad H. Clinical relevance of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors in Iranian patients with gastrointestinal diseases. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:154-162. [PMID: 27666510 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) usually colonizes the gastric mucosa of more than 50% of the human population, causing an infection that may appear in early childhood and can persist for life. H. pylori is suggested as the main cause of peptic ulcer and chronic gastritis. It is also associated with gastric cancer. Its severity and symptoms depend on environmental factors, host susceptibility and bacterial components, which allow H. pylori to switch between commensalism and pathogenicity. H. pylori is genetically highly variable, and the variability which affects H. pylori virulence factors might be useful in identifying the strains with different degrees of pathogenicity. The geographic distribution of distinct H. pylori genotypes is largely unknown and should be established. The prevalence of more pathogenic genotypes in certain areas may have important epidemiological consequences. It also might be associated with the severity of H. pylori related diseases in such regions. Given that Iran is located in the Middle East and Asian populations have revealed high levels of gastric cancer, it is of clinical interest to clarify the potential of H. pylori virulence markers in predicting the associated clinical outcomes. In this review, clinical relevance of adhesion molecules and significant virulence factors of H. pylori in Iranian patients with gastrointestinal diseases are discussed in comparison to other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Majid Asadi-Samani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedaytollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Raei N, Latifi-Navid S, Zahri S. Helicobacter pylori cag Pathogenicity Island cagL and orf17 Genotypes Predict Risk of Peptic Ulcerations but not Gastric Cancer in Iran. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:6645-50. [PMID: 26434889 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.15.6645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is the third most common cancer regarding mortality in the world. The cag pathogenicity island (PAI) of Helicobacter pylori which contains genes associated with a more aggressive phenotype may involve in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal disease. We here aimed to examine the associations of cagH, cagL, orf17, and cagG genotypes of H. pylori cag PAI with severe gastrointestinal disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 242 H. pylori strains were genotyped. Histopathological examination and classification of subjects were performed. RESULTS The frequencies of the cagH, cagL, cagG, and orf17 genotypes were 40/54 (74.1%), 53/54 (98.1%), 38/54 (70.4%), and 43/54 (79.6%), respectively, in patients with peptidic ulceration (PU),while in the control group, the frequencies were 87/147 (59.6%) for cagH, 121/146 (82.9%) for cagL, 109/146 (74.7%) for cagG, and 89/146 (61.0%) for orf17. The results of simple logistic regression analysis showed that the cagL and orf17 genotypes were significantly associated with an increased risk of PU not GC; the ORs (95% CI) were 10.950 (1.446-82.935), and 2.504 (1.193-5.253), respectively. No significant association was found between the cagH and cagG genotypes and the risk of both the PU and the GC in Iran (P>0.05). Finally, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the cagL genotype was independently and significantly associated with the age- and sex-adjusted risk for PU; the OR (95% CI) was 9.557 (1.219-17.185). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the orf17 and especially cagL genotypes of H. pylori cag PAI could be factors for risk prediction of PU, but not GC in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Raei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran E-mail :
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27
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Resistance Rate and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Metronidazole Among Helicobacter pylori Strains in Tehran, Iran. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2016. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.34478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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28
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Ahmadzadeh A, Ghalehnoei H, Farzi N, Yadegar A, Alebouyeh M, Aghdaei HA, Molaei M, Zali MR, Pour Hossein Gholi MA. Association of CagPAI integrity with severeness of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 63:252-7. [PMID: 26530303 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) is involved in delivery of CagA effector protein and peptidoglycan into host cells and also in IL-8 induction in the human gastric tissue. Diversity of cagPAI may affect disease status and clinical outcome of the infected patients. Our study was aimed to investigate diversity of this island and its intactness in Iranian patients to investigate possible associations between cagPAI integrity and pathological changes of the infected tissue. MATERIAL/PATIENTS AND METHODS Out of the 75 patients, H. pylori strains were obtained from 30 patients with severe active gastritis (SAG) (n=11), moderate chronic gastritis (CG) (n=14) and intestinal metaplasia/dysplasia (IM) (n=5). Intactness of the cagPAI was determined using 12 sets of primer pairs specific for functionally important loci of cagPAI by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The cagPAI positive strains were significantly observed in patients with SAG (52.4%) in comparison to those presenting CG (33.3%) and IM (14.3%). In addition, the presence of intact cagPAI was 87.5% in H. pylori strains isolated from patients with SAG, which was higher than those obtained from patients with CG (12.5%) or IM (0%). A significant increase in the frequency of cagα-cagY and cagW-cagT segments, as exterior proteins of the CagPAI, was illustrated in strains from SAG patients compared with those from patients with CG. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results strongly proposed an association between the severity of histopathological changes and intactness of cagPAI in the gastric tissue of patients infected with H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ahmadzadeh
- Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Ghalehnoei
- Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - N Farzi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Yadegar
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Alebouyeh
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - H A Aghdaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Molaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M R Zali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M A Pour Hossein Gholi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Analysis of the intactness of Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island in Iranian strains by a new PCR-based strategy and its relationship with virulence genotypes and EPIYA motifs. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015. [PMID: 26205689 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Variants of the Helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) and certain virulence genotypes have been proposed to be associated with different gastric disorders. In the present study, we designed a new PCR-based strategy to investigate the intactness of cagPAI in Iranian patients using highly specific primer sets spanning the cagPAI region. The possible relationship between the cagPAI status of the strains and clinical outcomes was also determined. We also characterized virulence genotypes (cagL, cagA, vacA, babA2 and sabA) and variants of CagA EPIYA motifs in these strains. H. pylori was detected in 61 out of 126 patients with various gastroduodenal diseases. The cagL, cagA, vacA s1m1, vacA s1m2, vacA s2m2, babA2, and sabA genotypes were detected in 96.7%, 85.2%, 29.5%, 45.9%, 24.6%, 96.7%, and 83.6% of the strains, respectively. Among the 52 cagA-positive strains, EPIYA motifs ABC, ABCC, ABCCC, and mixed types were orderly detected in the 39, 7, 1, and 5 strains. The cagPAI positivity included both intact and partially deleted, with the overall frequencies of 70.5% and 26.2%, respectively. The majority of the strains from patients with PUD (87.5%), gastric erosion (83.3%) and cancer (80%) presented an intact cagPAI, while a lower frequency of cagPAI intactness was detected in gastritis patients (61.1%). However, no significant relationship was found between the possession of intact cagPAI and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we found that cagA and vacA s1m1 genotypes were significantly correlated with intact cagPAI (P=0.015 and P=0.012). A significant correlation was also found between EPIYA-ABC and intact cagPAI (P=0.010). The proposed PCR-based scheme was found to be useful for determining the intactness of cagPAI. Our findings also indicate that the cagPAI appears to be intact and rather conserved in majority of Iranian strains. Finally, our study proposed that H. pylori strains with partially deleted cagPAI were less likely to cause severe diseases in comparison with those carrying intact cagPAI.
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