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Fakhri S, Moradi SZ, Faraji F, Farhadi T, Hesami O, Iranpanah A, Webber K, Bishayee A. Current advances in nanoformulations of therapeutic agents targeting tumor microenvironment to overcome drug resistance. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:959-1020. [PMID: 37505336 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer development and progression. In this line, revealing the precise mechanisms of the TME and associated signaling pathways of tumor resistance could pave the road for cancer prevention and efficient treatment. The use of nanomedicine could be a step forward in overcoming the barriers in tumor-targeted therapy. Novel delivery systems benefit from enhanced permeability and retention effect, decreasing tumor resistance, reducing tumor hypoxia, and targeting tumor-associated factors, including immune cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. Emerging evidence also indicates the engagement of multiple dysregulated mediators in the TME, such as matrix metalloproteinase, vascular endothelial growth factor, cytokines/chemokines, Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, and related inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Hence, investigating novel multitargeted agents using a novel delivery system could be a promising strategy for regulating TME and drug resistance. In recent years, small molecules from natural sources have shown favorable anticancer responses by targeting TME components. Nanoformulations of natural compounds are promising therapeutic agents in simultaneously targeting multiple dysregulated factors and mediators of TME, reducing tumor resistance mechanisms, overcoming interstitial fluid pressure and pericyte coverage, and involvement of basement membrane. The novel nanoformulations employ a vascular normalization strategy, stromal/matrix normalization, and stress alleviation mechanisms to exert higher efficacy and lower side effects. Accordingly, the nanoformulations of anticancer monoclonal antibodies and conventional chemotherapeutic agents also improved their efficacy and lessened the pharmacokinetic limitations. Additionally, the coadministration of nanoformulations of natural compounds along with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, monoclonal antibodies, and nanomedicine-based radiotherapy exhibits encouraging results. This critical review evaluates the current body of knowledge in targeting TME components by nanoformulation-based delivery systems of natural small molecules, monoclonal antibodies, conventional chemotherapeutic agents, and combination therapies in both preclinical and clinical settings. Current challenges, pitfalls, limitations, and future perspectives are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Faraji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
| | - Tara Farhadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6714415153, Iran
| | - Osman Hesami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, 6734667149, Iran
| | - Kassidy Webber
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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Guo Y, Zhang R, Li W. Emodin in cardiovascular disease: The role and therapeutic potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1070567. [PMID: 36618923 PMCID: PMC9816479 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1070567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin is a natural anthraquinone derivative extracted from Chinese herbs, such as Rheum palmatum L, Polygonum cuspidatum, and Polygonum multiflorum. It is now also a commonly used clinical drug and is listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Emodin has a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects. Many in vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that emodin has potent anticardiovascular activity. Emodin exerts different mechanisms of action in different types of cardiovascular diseases, including its involvement in pathological processes, such as inflammatory response, apoptosis, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, oxidative damage, and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Therefore, emodin can be used as a therapeutic drug against cardiovascular disease and has broad application prospects. This paper summarized the main pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of emodin in cardiovascular diseases in recent years and discussed the limitations of emodin in terms of extraction preparation, toxicity, and bioavailability-related pharmacokinetics in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China,Department of Cardiology, Geriatrics, and General Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Rongzhen Zhang
- Department of Heart Failure, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenlan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Wenlan Li,
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Krajnović T, Pantelić NĐ, Wolf K, Eichhorn T, Maksimović-Ivanić D, Mijatović S, Wessjohann LA, Kaluđerović GN. Anticancer Potential of Xanthohumol and Isoxanthohumol Loaded into SBA-15 Mesoporous Silica Particles against B16F10 Melanoma Cells. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15145028. [PMID: 35888494 PMCID: PMC9320346 DOI: 10.3390/ma15145028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol (XN) and isoxanthohumol (IXN), prenylated flavonoids from Humulus lupulus, have been shown to possess antitumor/cancerprotective, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiangiogenic properties. In this study, mesoporous silica (SBA-15) was loaded with different amounts of xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol and characterized by standard analytical methods. The anticancer potential of XN and IXN loaded into SBA-15 has been evaluated against malignant mouse melanoma B16F10 cells. When these cells were treated with SBA-15 containing xanthohumol, an increase of the activity correlated with a higher immobilization rate of XN was observed. Considering the amount of XN loaded into SBA-15 (calculated from TGA), an improved antitumor potential of XN was observed (IC50 = 10.8 ± 0.4 and 11.8 ± 0.5 µM for SBA-15|XN2 and SBA-15|XN3, respectively; vs. IC50 = 18.5 ± 1.5 µM for free XN). The main mechanism against tumor cells of immobilized XN includes inhibition of proliferation and autophagic cell death. The MC50 values for SBA-15 loaded with isoxanthohumol were over 300 µg/mL in all cases investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Krajnović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (D.M.-I.); (S.M.)
| | - Nebojša Đ. Pantelić
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Straße 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany; (N.Đ.P.); (T.E.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katharina Wolf
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (K.W.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Thomas Eichhorn
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Straße 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany; (N.Đ.P.); (T.E.)
| | - Danijela Maksimović-Ivanić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (D.M.-I.); (S.M.)
| | - Sanja Mijatović
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.K.); (D.M.-I.); (S.M.)
| | - Ludger A. Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (K.W.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Goran N. Kaluđerović
- Department of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Merseburg, Eberhard-Leibnitz-Straße 2, 06217 Merseburg, Germany; (N.Đ.P.); (T.E.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (K.W.); (L.A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3461-46-2012
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Aloe emodin 3-O-glucoside inhibits cell growth and migration and induces apoptosis of non-small-cell lung cancer cells via suppressing MEK/ERK and Akt signalling pathways. Life Sci 2022; 300:120495. [PMID: 35341826 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most frequent type of lung cancer with a high mortality rate. Glycosylation of phenolic compounds may increase water-solubility and pharmacological activities and reduce the toxicity of aglycones. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the anticancer effect of aloe emodin 3-O-glucoside (AE3G) and its aglycone, aloe emodin (AE), against NSCLC. MAIN METHOD A human adenocarcinoma cell line (A549) and BALB/c nu/nu xenograft mice harboring A549 cells were used as the NSCLC models. Inhibition of cell migration, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), DNA fragmentation, and expression levels of apoptotic proteins were measured by western blot, wound healing assay, JC-1 staining, or TUNEL staining. Histopathological changes in tumour tissues were observed by H&E and TUNEL staining. RESULTS With no significant cytotoxicity against noncancerous cells (Vero cells), AE3G (5-50 μM) significantly and more effectively inhibited the growth, attachment, migration, Bcl-2 expression, and activation of MEK/ERK and Akt signalling proteins and induced cytochrome c release and Bax expression in A549 cells than AE. AE3G augmented the collapse of MMP, cleavage of caspases (caspase 9, 8, and 3) and PARP, and DNA fragmentation. Intraperitoneal injection of AE3G (13 and 26 mg/kg/day) reduced the tumour volume and weight and induced apoptotic cell death in tumour tissues of xenograft NSCLC mice. SIGNIFICANCE The present study demonstrated that AE3G significantly and more effectively diminished human NSCLC cell growth and migration by triggering mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptosis than AE, providing AE3G as a new potent candidate to prevent or treat human NSCLC.
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The Health Benefits of Emodin, a Natural Anthraquinone Derived from Rhubarb-A Summary Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179522. [PMID: 34502424 PMCID: PMC8431459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin (6-methyl-1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone) is a naturally occurring anthraquinone derivative found in roots and leaves of various plants, fungi and lichens. For a long time it has been used in traditional Chinese medicine as an active ingredient in herbs. Among other sources, it is isolated from the rhubarb Rheum palmatum or tuber fleece-flower Polygonam multiflorum. Emodin has a wide range of biological activities, including diuretic, antibacterial, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antinociceptive. According to the most recent studies, emodin acts as an antimalarial and antiallergic agent, and can also reverse resistance to chemotherapy. In the present work the potential therapeutic role of emodin in treatment of inflammatory diseases, cancers and microbial infections is analysed.
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Lee J, Kim HJ, Nguyen TTH, Kim SC, Ree J, Choi TG, Sohng JK, Park YI. Emodin 8-O-glucoside primes macrophages more strongly than emodin aglycone via activation of phagocytic activity and TLR-2/MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 88:106936. [PMID: 32871479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Emodin (Emo) is a natural plant anthraquinone derivative with a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities. Glycosylation of natural anthraquinones with various sugar moieties can affect their physical, chemical, and biological functions. In this study, the potential immunomodulatory activities of Emo and its glycosylated derivative, emodin 8-O-glucoside (E8G), were evaluated and compared using murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells and human monocytic THP-1 cells. The results showed that E8G (20 μM) induced the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 from RAW264.7 cells more effectively than unglycosylated Emo aglycone, by 4.9- and 1.6-fold, respectively, with no significant cytotoxicity in the concentration range tested (up to 20 μM). E8G (2.5-20 μM) significantly and dose-dependently induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by up to 3.2-fold compared to that of untreated control following a remarkable increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. E8G also significantly increased the expression of TLR-2 mRNA and the phosphorylation of MAPKs (JNK and p38). The activation and subsequent nuclear translocation of NF-κB was substantially enhanced upon treatment with E8G (2.5-20 μM). Moreover, E8G markedly induced macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic Jurkat T cells. These results demonstrated that E8G far more strongly stimulates the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α and IL-6, and NO production from macrophages through upregulation of the TLR-2/MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathway than its nonglycosylated form, Emo aglycone. These results suggest for the first time that E8G may represent a novel immunomodulator, enhancing the early innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Thi Huyen Nguyen
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Cheol Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ree
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Gyu Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering, Sun Moon University, Chungnam 31460, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Il Park
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea.
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Genome-wide analyses reveals a glucosyltransferase involved in rutin and emodin glucoside biosynthesis in tartary buckwheat. Food Chem 2020; 318:126478. [PMID: 32126466 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With people's increasing needs for health concern, rutin and emodin in tartary buckwheat have attracted much attention for their antioxidant, anti-diabetic and reducing weight function. However, the biosynthesis of rutin and emodin in tartary buckwheat is still unclear; especially their later glycosylation contributing to make them more stable and soluble is uncovered. Based on tartary buckwheat' genome, the gene structures of 106 UGTs were analyzed; 21 candidate FtUGTs were selected to enzymatic test by comparing their transcript patterns. Among them, FtUGT73BE5 and other 4 FtUGTs were identified to glucosylate flavonol or emodin in vitro; especially rFtUGT73BE5 could catalyze the glucosylation of all tested flavonoids and emodin. Furthermore, the identical in vivo functions of FtUGT73BE5 were demonstrated in tartary buckwheat hairy roots. The transcript profile of FtUGT73BE5 was consistent with the accumulation trend of rutin in plant; this gene may relate to anti-adversity for its transcripts were up-regulated by MeJA, and repressed by ABA.
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Li B, Zhu M, Ma H, Ma T, Dai Y, Li H, Li Y, Wu CZ. Biosynthesis of Novel Shikonin Glucosides by Enzymatic Glycosylation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:1072-1075. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c19-00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bohan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College
| | - Meilin Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College
| | - Hui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College
| | - Yiqun Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College
| | - Hongmei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College
| | - Yu Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University
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Mutational analyses for product specificity of YjiC towards α-mangostin mono-glucoside. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 118:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Microbial Synthesis of Non-Natural Anthraquinone Glucosides Displaying Superior Antiproliferative Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092171. [PMID: 30154376 PMCID: PMC6225150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthraquinones, naturally occurring bioactive compounds, have been reported to exhibit various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. In this study, we biotransformed three selected anthraquinones into their novel O-glucoside derivatives, expressing a versatile glycosyltransferase (YjiC) from Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13 in Escherichia coli. Anthraflavic acid, alizarin, and 2-amino-3-hydroxyanthraquinone were exogenously fed to recombinant E. coli as substrate for biotransformation. The products anthraflavic acid-O-glucoside, alizarin 2-O-β-d-glucoside, and 2-amino-3-O-glucosyl anthraquinone produced in the culture broths were characterized by various chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses. The comparative anti-proliferative assay against various cancer cells (gastric cancer-AGS, uterine cervical cancer-HeLa, and liver cancer-HepG2) were remarkable, since the synthesized glucoside compounds showed more than 60% of cell growth inhibition at concentrations ranging from ~50 μM to 100 μM. Importantly, one of the synthesized glucoside derivatives, alizarin 2-O-glucoside inhibited more than 90% of cell growth in all the cancer cell lines tested.
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Metabolic engineering of glycosylated polyketide biosynthesis. Emerg Top Life Sci 2018; 2:389-403. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microbial cell factories are extensively used for the biosynthesis of value-added chemicals, biopharmaceuticals, and biofuels. Microbial biosynthesis is also realistic for the production of heterologous molecules including complex natural products of plant and microbial origin. Glycosylation is a well-known post-modification method to engineer sugar-functionalized natural products. It is of particular interest to chemical biologists to increase chemical diversity of molecules. Employing the state-of-the-art systems and synthetic biology tools, a range of small to complex glycosylated natural products have been produced from microbes using a simple and sustainable fermentation approach. In this context, this review covers recent notable metabolic engineering approaches used for the biosynthesis of glycosylated plant and microbial polyketides in different microorganisms. This review article is broadly divided into two major parts. The first part is focused on the biosynthesis of glycosylated plant polyketides in prokaryotes and yeast cells, while the second part is focused on the generation of glycosylated microbial polyketides in actinomycetes.
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Darsandhari S, Pandey RP, Shrestha B, Parajuli P, Liou K, Sohng JK. One-Pot Multienzyme Cofactors Recycling (OPME-CR) System for Lactose and Non-natural Saccharide Conjugated Polyphenol Production. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7965-7974. [PMID: 29968471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot multienzyme cofactors recycling (OPME-CR) system was designed for the synthesis of UDP-α-d-galactose, which was combined with LgtB, a β-(1,4) galactosyltransferase from Neisseria meningitidis, to modify various polyphenol glycosides. This system recycles one mole of ADP and one mole of UDP to regenerate one mole of UDP-α-d-galactose by consuming two moles of acetylphosphate and one mole of d-galactose in each cycle. The ATP additionally used to generate UDP from UMP was also recycled at the beginning of the reaction. The engineered cofactors recycling system with LgtB efficiently added a d-galactose unit to a variety of sugar units such as d-glucose, rutinose, and 2-deoxy-d-glucose. The temperature, pH, incubation time, and divalent metal ions for the OPME-CR system were optimized. The maximum number of UDP-α-d-galactose regeneration cycles (RCmax) was 18.24 by fed batch reaction. The engineered system generated natural and non-natural polyphenol saccharides efficiently and cost-effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumangala Darsandhari
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering , SunMoon University , 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon , Asan-si , Chungnam 31460 , Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Prasad Pandey
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering , SunMoon University , 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon , Asan-si , Chungnam 31460 , Republic of Korea
| | - Biplav Shrestha
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering , SunMoon University , 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon , Asan-si , Chungnam 31460 , Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Parajuli
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering , SunMoon University , 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon , Asan-si , Chungnam 31460 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangkyoung Liou
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering , SunMoon University , 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon , Asan-si , Chungnam 31460 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering and ‡Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering , SunMoon University , 70 Sunmoon-ro 221, Tangjeong-myeon , Asan-si , Chungnam 31460 , Republic of Korea
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Drug Delivery System for Emodin Based on Mesoporous Silica SBA-15. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8050322. [PMID: 29757198 PMCID: PMC5977336 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study mesoporous silica SBA-15 was evaluated as a vehicle for the transport of cytotoxic natural product emodin (EO). SBA-15 was loaded with different quantities of EO (SBA-15|EO1–SBA-15|EO5: 8–36%) and characterized by traditional methods. Several parameters (stabilities) and the in vitro behavior on tumor cell lines (melanoma A375, B16 and B16F10) were investigated. SBA-15 suppresses EO release in extremely acidic milieu, pointing out that EO will not be discharged in the stomach. Furthermore, SBA-15 protects EO from photodecomposition. In vitro studies showed a dose dependent decrease of cellular viability which is directly correlated with an increasing amount of EO in SBA-15 for up to 27% of EO, while a constant activity for 32% and 36% of EO in SBA-15 was observed. Additionally, SBA-15 loaded with EO (SBA-15|EO3) does not disturb viability of peritoneal macrophages. SBA-15|EO3 causes inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis, connected with caspase activation, upregulation of Bax, as well as Bcl-2 and Bim downregulation along with amplification of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP) cleavage fragment. Thus, the mesoporous SBA-15 is a promising carrier of the water-insoluble drug emodin.
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Enzymatic synthesis of novel corylifol A glucosides via a UDP-glycosyltransferase. Carbohydr Res 2017; 446-447:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ma T, Dai YQ, Li N, Huo Q, Li HM, Zhang YX, Piao ZH, Wu CZ. Enzymatic biosynthesis of novel neobavaisoflavone glucosides via Bacillus UDP-glycosyltransferase. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 15:281-287. [PMID: 28527513 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to perform structural modifications of of neobavaisoflavone (NBIF), using an in vitro enzymatic glycosylation reaction, in order to improve its water-solubility. Two novel glucosides of NBIF were obtained from an enzymatic glycosylation by UDP-glycosyltransferase. The glycosylated products were elucidated by LC-MS, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR analysis. The HPLC peaks were integrated and the concentrations in sample solutions were calculated. The MTT assay was used to detect the cytotoxic activity of compounds in cancer cell lines. Based on the spectroscopic analyses, the two novel glucosides were identified as neobavaisoflavone-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and neobavaisoflavone-4', 7-di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2). Additionally, the water-solubilities of compounds 1 and 2 were approximately 175.1- and 4 031.9-fold higher than that of the substrate, respectively. Among the test compounds, only NBIF exhibited weak cytotoxicity against four human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 63.47 to 72.81 µmol·L-1. These results suggest that in vitro enzymatic glycosylation is a powerful approach to structural modification, improving water-solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yi-Qun Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Qiang Huo
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Zheng-Hao Piao
- Department of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 321004, China
| | - Cheng-Zhu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China.
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Microbial production of astilbin, a bioactive rhamnosylated flavanonol, from taxifolin. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2208-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Parajuli P, Pandey RP, Huyen Nguyen TT, Shrestha B, Yamaguchi T, Sohng JK. Biosynthesis of natural and non-natural genistein glycosides. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28145a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of various genistein glycopyranoside scaffolds using versatile GTs and SOMTs. Each compound was structurally characterized and biological activity assay was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Parajuli
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering
- Sun Moon University
- Tangjeong-myeon Asan-Si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Prasad Pandey
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering
- Sun Moon University
- Tangjeong-myeon Asan-Si
- Republic of Korea
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering
| | - Trang Thi Huyen Nguyen
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering
- Sun Moon University
- Tangjeong-myeon Asan-Si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Biplav Shrestha
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering
- Sun Moon University
- Tangjeong-myeon Asan-Si
- Republic of Korea
| | - Tokutaro Yamaguchi
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering
- Sun Moon University
- Tangjeong-myeon Asan-Si
- Republic of Korea
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering
| | - Jae Kyung Sohng
- Department of Life Science and Biochemical Engineering
- Sun Moon University
- Tangjeong-myeon Asan-Si
- Republic of Korea
- Department of BT-Convergent Pharmaceutical Engineering
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Synthetic analog of anticancer drug daunorubicin from daunorubicinone using one-pot enzymatic UDP-recycling glycosylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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