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An B, Du D, Huang Z, Pu Z, Lv J, Zhu L, Liu S, Zhang L, Chen G, Lu L. Biocontrol of citrus fungal pathogens by lipopeptides produced by Bacillus velezensis TZ01. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1471305. [PMID: 39296284 PMCID: PMC11408202 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1471305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Citrus diseases caused by fungal pathogens drastically decreased the yield and quality of citrus fruits, leading to huge economic losses. Given the threats of chemical pesticides on the environment and human health, biocontrol agents have received considerable attention worldwide as ecofriendly and sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides. In the present study, we isolated a Bacillus velezensis strain TZ01 with potent antagonistic effect against three citrus pathogenic fungi: Diaporthe citri, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria alternata. The culture supernatant of this strain exhibited remarkable antifungal activity on potato dextrose agar plates and detached leaves of five citrus varieties. Treatment with TZ01 culture supernatant obviously affected the hyphal morphology and caused nucleic acid leakage. The crude lipopeptides (LPs) extracted from the culture supernatant were found as the major active ingredients, and could maintain the activity under a wide range of temperature and pH and ultraviolet radiation. Furthermore, the type of LPs, produced in vitro, were explored. Whole-genome sequencing of TZ01 revealed secondary metabolite gene clusters encoding synthetases for non-ribosomal peptides and polyketide production, and gene clusters responsible for the synthesis of three important LPs (surfactin, iturin, and fengycin) were identified in the genome. The liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of various homologs of surfactin A, bacillomycin D, and fengycin A in the extracted LPs. Taken together, these results contribute to the possible biocontrol mechanisms of B. velezensis strain TZ01, as well as providing a promising new candidate strain as a biological control agent for controlling citrus fungal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoju An
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Danchao Du
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhendong Huang
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhanxu Pu
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Jia Lv
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Li Zhu
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Shunmin Liu
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
| | - Lianming Lu
- The Citrus Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Function and Health Research of Taizhou, Taizhou, China
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Varveri M, Papageorgiou AG, Tsitsigiannis DI. Evaluation of Biological Plant Protection Products for Their Ability to Induce Olive Innate Immune Mechanisms and Control Colletotrichum acutatum, the Causal Agent of Olive Anthracnose. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:878. [PMID: 38592906 PMCID: PMC10974188 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Olive anthracnose is the most important fungal disease of the olive fruit worldwide, with the fungus Colletotrichum acutatum as the main cause of the disease in Greece. A total of 11 commercial biological plant protection products (bioPPPs) (Amylo-X®, Botector®, FytoSave®, LBG 01F34®, Mevalone®, Polyversum®, Remedier®, Serenade® ASO, Sonata®, Trianum-P®, Vacciplant®), with various modes of action against the fungus C. acutatum, were evaluated by bioassays using detached fruits of two important olive Greek varieties, cv. Koroneiki and cv. Kalamon. Subsequently, the most effective bioPPPs were evaluated for their ability to induce plant defense mechanisms, by determining the expression levels of ten Olea europaea defense genes (Pal, CuaO, Aldh1, Bglu, Mpol, Lox, Phely, CHI-2, PR-10, PR-5). Remedier®, Trianum-P®, Serenade® ASO, Sonata®, and Mevalone® were the most effective in reducing disease severity, and/or inhibiting the conidia production by the fungus at high rates. Post bioPPPs application, high expression levels of several olive plant defense genes were observed. This study provides insights into commercial bioPPPs' effectiveness in controlling olive anthracnose, as well as biocontrol-agents-mediated modulation of olive defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dimitrios I. Tsitsigiannis
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece; (M.V.); (A.G.P.)
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Biocontrol of Phyllosticta citricarpa by Bacillus spp.: biological and chemical aspects of the microbial interaction. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:53. [PMID: 35141795 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits are the most produced fruits in the world, but they are threatened by several pathogens, including the fungus Phyllosticta citricarpa, the causal agent of citrus black spot (CBS). The fungus affects most citrus species and the infection results in economic losses in citrus-producing areas. This disease causes the aesthetic depreciation of fresh fruit, impairing its commercialization. As an alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides to control the pathogen, the biological control, using bacteria of the genus Bacillus, is highlighted. Such microorganisms enable biocontrol by the production of volatile organic compounds (VOC) or non-volatile. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the production of VOC by isolates of Bacillus spp. grown in different culture media; to evaluate the effects of these compounds on the evolution of CBS lesions in orange fruits; to study the effects of VOC on resistance induction in orange fruits; to evaluate the effects of VOC on P. citricarpa morphology in CBS lesions, and to identify the produced VOC. Tryptone soya agar (TSA) and tryptone soya broth (TSB) media used to culture the bacterium resulted in up to 73% pathogen inhibition by VOC. Volatile compounds from Bacillus spp. ACB-65 and Bacillus spp. ACB-73 when cultured in TSB culture medium provided 86% inhibition of freckles that evolved to hard spots. The volatile fractions produced by the bacteria were identified as alcohols, ketones, amines, ethers, aldehydes and carboxylic acids that can serve as arsenal against the phytopathogen. The present work demonstrated the potential of VOC produced by Bacillus spp. in the control of P. citricarpa.
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Goulin EH, de Lima TA, dos Santos PJC, Machado MA. RNAi-induced silencing of the succinate dehydrogenase subunits gene in Colletotrichum abscissum, the causal agent of postbloom fruit drop (PFD) in citrus. Microbiol Res 2021; 260:126938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nan J, Zhang S, Jiang L. Antibacterial Potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GJ1 against Citrus Huanglongbing. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020261. [PMID: 33572917 PMCID: PMC7910844 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is a destructive disease caused by Candidatus Liberibacter species and is a serious global concern for the citrus industry. To date, there is no established strategy for control of this disease. Previously, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GJ1 was screened as the biocontrol agent against HLB. In this study, two-year-old citrus infected by Ca. L. asiaticus were treated with B. amyloliquefaciens GJ1 solution via root irrigation. In these plants, after seven irrigation treatments, the results indicated that the photosynthetic parameters, chlorophyll content, resistance-associated enzyme content and the expression of defense-related genes were significantly higher than for the plants treated with the same volume water. The content of starch and soluble sugar were significantly lower, compared to the control treatment. The parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) results revealed that treatment with B. amyloliquefaciens GJ1 solution, the expression levels of 3 proteins with photosynthetic function were upregulated in citrus leaves. The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in citrus leaves treated with B. amyloliquefaciens GJ1 flag22 was significantly higher than untreated plants and induced the defense-related gene expression in citrus. Finally, surfactin was identified from the fermentation broth of B. amyloliquefaciens GJ1 by high-performance liquid chromatography. These results indicate that B. amyloliquefaciens GJ1 may improve the immunity of citrus by increasing the photosynthesis and enhancing the expression of the resistance-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Shaoran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Biology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Correspondence:
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Kupper KC, Moretto RK, Fujimoto A. Production of antifungal compounds by Bacillus spp. isolates and its capacity for controlling citrus black spot under field conditions. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 36:7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Savi DC, Noriler SA, Ponomareva LV, Thorson JS, Rohr J, Glienke C, Shaaban KA. Dihydroisocoumarins produced by Diaporthe cf. heveae LGMF1631 inhibiting citrus pathogens. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019; 65:381-392. [PMID: 31401763 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-019-00746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Citrus black spot (CBS) and post-bloom fruit drop (PFD), caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa and Colletotrichum abscissum, respectively, are two important citrus diseases worldwide. CBS depreciates the market value and prevents exportation of citrus fruits to Europe. PFD under favorable climatic conditions can cause the abscission of flowers, thereby reducing citrus production by 80%. An ecofriendly alternative to control plant diseases is the use of endophytic microorganisms, or secondary metabolites produced by them. Strain LGMF1631, close related to Diaporthe cf. heveae 1, was isolated from the medicinal plant Stryphnodendron adstringens and showed significant antimicrobial activity, in a previous study. In view of the potential presented by strain LGMF1631, and the absence of chemical data for secondary metabolites produced by D. cf. heveae, we decided to characterize the compounds produced by strain LGMF1631. Based on ITS, TEF1, and TUB phylogenetic analysis, strain LGMF1631 was confirmed to belong to D. cf. heveae 1. Chemical assessment of the fungal strain LGMF1631 revealed one new seco-dihydroisocoumarin [cladosporin B (1)] along with six other related, already known dihydroisocoumarin derivatives and one monoterpene [(-)-(1S,2R,3S,4R)-p-menthane-1,2,3-triol (8)]. Among the isolated metabolites, compound 5 drastically reduced the growth of both phytopathogens in vitro and completely inhibited the development of CBS and PFD in citrus fruits and flowers. In addition, compound 5 did not show toxicity against human cancer cell lines or citrus leaves, at concentrations higher than used for the inhibition of the phytopathogens, suggesting the potential use of (-)-(3R,4R)-cis-4-hydroxy-5-methylmellein (5) to control citrus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiani Cristina Savi
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sandriele Aparecida Noriler
- Department of Pathology, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa V Ponomareva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Jürgen Rohr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Parana, Av. Coronel Francisco Heráclito dos Santos, 210, Curitiba, PR, 81531-970, Brazil.
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentuck, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA. .,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA.
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Beck JJ, Alborn HT, Block AK, Christensen SA, Hunter CT, Rering CC, Seidl-Adams I, Stuhl CJ, Torto B, Tumlinson JH. Interactions Among Plants, Insects, and Microbes: Elucidation of Inter-Organismal Chemical Communications in Agricultural Ecology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6663-6674. [PMID: 29895142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The last 2 decades have witnessed a sustained increase in the study of plant-emitted volatiles and their role in plant-insect, plant-microbe, and plant-plant interactions. While each of these binary systems involves complex chemical and biochemical processes between two organisms, the progression of increasing complexity of a ternary system (i.e., plant-insect-microbe), and the study of a ternary system requires nontrivial planning. This planning can include an experimental design that factors in potential overarching ecological interactions regarding the binary or ternary system, correctly identifying and understanding unexpected observations that may occur during the experiment and thorough interpretation of the resultant data. This challenge of planning, performing, and interpreting a plant's defensive response to multiple biotic stressors will be even greater when abiotic stressors (i.e., temperature or water) are factored into the system. To fully understand the system, we need to not only continue to investigate and understand the volatile profiles but also include and understand the biochemistry of the plant's response to these stressors. In this review, we provide examples and discuss interaction considerations with respect to how readers and future authors of the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry can contribute their expertise toward the extraction and interpretation of chemical information exchanged between agricultural commodities and their associated pests. This holistic, multidisciplinary, and thoughtful approach to interactions of plants, insects, and microbes, and the resultant response of the plants can lead to a better understanding of agricultural ecology, in turn leading to practical and viable solutions to agricultural problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Beck
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1700 SW 23rd Drive , Gainesville , Florida 32608 , United States
| | - Hans T Alborn
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1700 SW 23rd Drive , Gainesville , Florida 32608 , United States
| | - Anna K Block
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1700 SW 23rd Drive , Gainesville , Florida 32608 , United States
| | - Shawn A Christensen
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1700 SW 23rd Drive , Gainesville , Florida 32608 , United States
| | - Charles T Hunter
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1700 SW 23rd Drive , Gainesville , Florida 32608 , United States
| | - Caitlin C Rering
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1700 SW 23rd Drive , Gainesville , Florida 32608 , United States
| | - Irmgard Seidl-Adams
- Center for Chemical Ecology , Penn State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Charles J Stuhl
- Chemistry Research Unit, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Agricultural Research Service , U.S. Department of Agriculture , 1700 SW 23rd Drive , Gainesville , Florida 32608 , United States
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) , 30772-00100 , Nairobi , Kenya
| | - James H Tumlinson
- Center for Chemical Ecology , Penn State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
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