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Wu D, Ma X, Meng Y, Cai R, Zhang X, Liu L, Deng L, Chen C, Wang F, Xu Q, He B, He M, Hu R, Zhen J, Han Y, He S, Xu L. Impact of nitrogen application and crop stage on epiphytic microbial communities on silage maize leaf surfaces. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16386. [PMID: 38025755 PMCID: PMC10656910 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the impact of nitrogen (N) fertilization on phyllosphere microorganisms in silage maize (Zea mays) to enhance the production of high-quality silage. The effects of different N application rates (160, 240, and 320 kg ha-1) and maturity stages (flowering and dough stages) on microbial diversity, abundance and physiochemical properties of the leaf surfaces were evaluated in a field experiment. The results showed that N application rates did not significantly impact the abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), aerobic bacteria (AB), yeasts, or molds on the leaf surfaces. However, these microbes were more abundant during the flowering stage compared to the dough stage. Furthermore, the N application rate had no significant impact on inorganic phosphorus, soluble sugar, free amino acids, total phenolic content, and soluble protein concentrations, or pH levels on the leaf surfaces. Notably, these chemical indices were lower during the dough stage. The abundance of Pantoea decreased with higher N application rates, while that of other microorganisms did not changes significantly. The abundance of AB, LAB, yeasts, and molds were positively correlated with soluble sugar, soluble protein, inorganic phosphorus, free amino acids, and total phenolic concentrations on leaf surfaces. Moreover, water loss was negatively correlated with the abundance of AB, LAB, yeasts, and molds, whereas water retention capacity and stomatal density were positively correlated with microbial abundance. We recommend applying an optimal N rate of 160 kg ha-1 to silage maize and harvesting at the flowering stage is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Xueling Ma
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanyan Meng
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Rongjin Cai
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Liu
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Lianping Deng
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Changjing Chen
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Qingbiao Xu
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Bin He
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Mingzhu He
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Rensheng Hu
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Jinjing Zhen
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Han
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Shaoshen He
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
| | - Liuxing Xu
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China
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Peng F, Li X, Wei Z, Luo Y, Wang W, Han G. Structure and Ecological Function of Fungal Endophytes from Stems of Different Mulberry Cultivars. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:401. [PMID: 37930516 PMCID: PMC10628033 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
To explore the microbial community structure and ecological function of mulberry and their potential relationship with the resistance of mulberry, the community structure and function of endophytic fungi in 18 mulberry cultivars were analyzed and predicted by using high-throughput sequencing technology and the FUNGuild database. A total of 352 operational taxonomic units of fungi were observed at a 97% similarity level, representing six phyla of fungi, Fungi_unclassified, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Rozellomycota, and Chytridiomycota. Fungi_unclassified was dominant, and Ascomycota was relatively dominant in all cultivars. At the genus level, Ascomycota_unclassified was dominant, and Ampelomyces was relatively dominant, with a richness in TAIWANCHANGGUOSANG 16.47-8975.69 times that in the other cultivars. Classified Ascomycota_unclassified was 4.75-296.65 times more common in NANYUANSIJI than in the other cultivars. Based on the FUNGuild analysis method, we successfully annotated six nutrient types, namely, pathotroph, pathotroph-saprotroph, pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph, saprotroph, saprotroph-symbiotroph, and symbiotroph, among which saprophytic-symbiotic accounted for the largest proportion and was absolutely dominant in TWC. This research suggests that community composition differs among cultivars and that the diversity and richness of endophytic fungi in resistant cultivars are higher than those in susceptible cultivars. The ecological functions of cultivars with different resistances are quite different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Peng
- Fruit Research Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunlan Li
- Fruit Research Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaoxin Wei
- Fruit Research Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Youjin Luo
- Fruit Research Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Wu Wang
- Fruit Research Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Guohui Han
- Fruit Research Institute of Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China.
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Zhang J, Gao YZ, Du ZJ, Wang MY. Tumebacillus lacus sp. nov., isolated from lake water. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37930355 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and motile, by means of peritrichous flagella, bacterium, designated DT12T, was isolated from a lake water sample from Datun Lake of Yunnan Province, PR China. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and the concatenated alignment of 120 ubiquitous single-copy proteins indicated that the novel strain represented a member of the genus Tumebacillus. The sole quinone was menaquinone-7 and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was type-A1γ. The major fatty acids (>10 %) of the novel strain were iso-C15 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0, while the major polar lipids were phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The results of phylogenetic analyses combined with phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features, strongly supported the hypothesis that the strain should be classified as representing a novel species of the genus Tumebacillus, for which the name Tumebacillus lacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DT12T (=KCTC 33958T= MCCC 1H00320T). The genomic analysis revealed that DT12T has various biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, and members of the genus Tumebacillus may represent a promising source of new natural products. Our study also showed that members of the genus Tumebacillus are widely distributed in a variety of habitats throughout the globe, particularly in soils, human-, animal- and plant-associated environments. Members of the genus Tumebacillus may have an important role in the growth and health of humans, plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264209, PR China
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Yi-Zhou Gao
- SDU-ANU Joint Science College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Zong-Jun Du
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, PR China
- Weihai Research Institute of Industrial Technology of Shandon University, Weihai, 264209, PR China
| | - Ming-Yi Wang
- Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, 264209, PR China
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Chen S, Chen Z, Lin X, Zhou X, Yang S, Tan H. Why different sugarcane cultivars show different resistant abilities to smut? : Comparisons of endophytic microbial compositions and metabolic functions in stems of sugarcane cultivars with different abilities to resist smut. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:427. [PMID: 37710150 PMCID: PMC10500793 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the resistance to smut of different sugarcane cultivars, endophytic bacterial and fungal compositions, functions and metabolites in the stems of the sugarcane cultivars were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing techniques and nontargeted metabolomics. The results showed that the levels of ethylene, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in sugarcane varieties that were not sensitive to smut were all higher than those in sensitive sugarcane varieties. Moreover, endophytic fungi, such as Ramichloridium, Alternaria, Sarocladium, Epicoccum, and Exophiala species, could be considered antagonistic to sugarcane smut. Additionally, the highly active arginine and proline metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and tyrosine metabolism in sugarcane varieties that were not sensitive to smut indicated that these pathways contribute to resistance to smut. All of the above results suggested that the relatively highly abundant antagonistic microbes and highly active metabolic functions of endophytes in non-smut-sensitive sugarcane cultivars were important for their relatively high resistance to smut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, 100 University Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P.R. China
| | - Zhongliang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007, Guangxi, P.R. China
| | - Xinru Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, 100 University Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P.R. China
| | - Xinyan Zhou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, 100 University Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P.R. China
| | - Shangdong Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, 100 University Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, P.R. China.
| | - Hongwei Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007, Guangxi, P.R. China.
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Luo K, Zhao G, Chen M, Tian X. Effects of maize resistance and leaf chemical substances on the structure of phyllosphere fungal communities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1241055. [PMID: 37645458 PMCID: PMC10461017 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1241055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that plant genotype can regulate phyllosphere fungi at the species level. However, little is known about how plant varieties shape the fungal communities in the phyllosphere. In this study, four types of maize varieties with various levels of resistances to Exserohilum turcicum were subjected to high-throughput sequencing to reveal the properties that influences the composition of phyllosphere fungal communities. The dominant fungi genera for all four maize varieties were Alternaria at different relative abundances, followed by Nigrospora. Hierarchical clustering analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling and similarity analysis confirmed that the fungal communities in the phyllosphere of the four varieties were significantly different and clustered into the respective maize variety they inhabited. The findings from Redundancy Analysis (RDA) indicated that both maize resistance and leaf chemical constituents, including nitrogen, phosphorus, tannins, and flavonoids, were the major drivers in determining the composition of phyllosphere fungal communities. Among these factors, maize resistance was found to be the most influential, followed by phosphorus. The co-occurrence network of the fungal communities in the phyllosphere of highly resistant variety had higher complexity, integrity and stability compared to others maize varieties. In a conclusion, maize variety resistance and leaf chemical constituents play a major role in shaping the phyllosphere fungal community. The work proposes a link between the assembled fungal communities within the phyllosphere with maize variety that is resistant to pathogenic fungi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gonghua Zhao
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xueliang Tian
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, China
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Huang S, Zha X, Fu G. Affecting Factors of Plant Phyllosphere Microbial Community and Their Responses to Climatic Warming-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2891. [PMID: 37631103 PMCID: PMC10458011 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Phyllosphere microorganisms are not only an important part of plants, but also an important part of microorganisms. In this review, the function of phyllosphere microorganisms, the assembly mechanism of phyllosphere microorganisms, the driving factors of phyllosphere microbial community structure, and the effects of climate warming on phyllosphere microbial community structure were reviewed. Generally, phyllosphere microorganisms have a variety of functions (e.g., fixing nitrogen, promoting plant growth). Although selection and dispersal processes together regulate the assembly of phyllospheric microbial communities, which one of the ecological processes is dominant and how external disturbances alter the relative contributions of each ecological process remains controversial. Abiotic factors (e.g., climatic conditions, geographical location and physical and chemical properties of soil) and biological factors (e.g., phyllosphere morphological structure, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and plant species and varieties) can affect phyllosphere microbial community structure. However, the predominant factors affecting phyllosphere microbial community structure are controversial. Moreover, how climate warming affects the phyllosphere microbial community structure and its driving mechanism have not been fully resolved, and further relevant studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Huang
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Xinjie Zha
- Xi’an University of Finance and Economics, Xi’an 710100, China;
| | - Gang Fu
- Lhasa Plateau Ecosystem Research Station, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
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Karlström A, Papp-Rupar M, Passey TAJ, Deakin G, Xu X. Quantitative trait loci associated with apple endophytes during pathogen infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1054914. [PMID: 37056502 PMCID: PMC10086318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1054914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The plant phyllosphere is colonized by microbial communities that can influence the fitness and growth of their host, including the host's resilience to plant pathogens.There are multiple factors involved in shaping the assemblages of bacterial and fungal endophytes within the phyllosphere, including host genetics and environment. In this work, the role of host genetics in plant-microbiome assembly was studied in a full-sibling family of apple (Malus x domestica) trees infected with the fungal pathogen Neonectria ditissima. A Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis showed that there are multiple loci which influence the abundance of individual endophytic taxa, with the majority of QTL having a moderate to large effect (20-40%) on endophyte abundance. QTL regions on LG 1, 3, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13, 14 and 15 were shown to affect multiple taxa. Only a small proportion of the variation in overall taxonomic composition was affected by host genotype, with significant QTL hits for principal components explaining <8% and <7.4% of the total variance in bacterial and fungal composition, respectively. Four of the identified QTL colocalised with previously identified regions associated with tolerance to Neonectria ditissima. These results suggest that there is a genetic basis shaping apple endophyte composition and that microbe-host associations in apple could be tailored through breeding.
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