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Buzzanca D, Chiarini E, Alessandria V. Arcobacteraceae: An Exploration of Antibiotic Resistance Featuring the Latest Research Updates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:669. [PMID: 39061351 PMCID: PMC11273800 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13070669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Arcobacteraceae bacterial family includes species isolated from animals and related food products. Moreover, these species have been found in other ecological niches, including water. Some species, particularly Arcobacter butzleri and Arcobacter cryaerophilus, have been isolated from human clinical cases and linked to gastrointestinal symptoms. The presence of antibiotic-resistant strains is a concern for public health, considering the possible zoonoses and foodborne infections caused by contaminated food containing bacteria resistant to antibiotic treatments. This review aims to highlight the importance of antibiotic resistance in Arcobacter spp. isolates from several sources, including information about antibiotic classes to which this bacterium has shown resistance. Arcobacter spp. demonstrated a wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance, including several antibiotic resistance genes. Antibiotic resistance genomic traits include efflux pumps and mutations in antibiotic target proteins. The literature shows a high proportion of Arcobacter spp. that are multidrug-resistant. However, studies in the literature have primarily focused on the evaluation of antibiotic resistance in A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus, as these species are frequently isolated from various sources. These aspects underline the necessity of studies focused on several Arcobacter species that could potentially be isolated from several sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Buzzanca
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini nr.2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (E.C.); (V.A.)
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Baztarrika I, Salazar-Sánchez A, Laorden L, Martínez-Ballesteros I, Alonso R, Martinez-Malaxetxebarria I. Foodborne and waterborne Arcobacter species exhibit a high virulent activity in Caco-2. Food Microbiol 2024; 118:104424. [PMID: 38049262 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Infection mechanisms of Arcobacter remain uncertain. This study aimed to determine whether 65 food and waterborne isolates of at least six species were able to adhere and invade Caco-2 cells; and whether this ability could be related to cadF, cj1349, ciaB, and/or hecA, specific genetic markers related to host cell adhesion and invasion. All adhered and invaded the cells, and harboured at least two virulence markers. The mean virulent activity shown by A. butzleri was superior to that of A. cryaerophilus (p < 0.05); but the mean adhesion and invasion values of A. lanthieri, A. skirrowii, and A. vitoriensis were even higher. Sewage isolates were significantly (p < 0.05) more adherent and invasive than the rest, and their associated gene content was higher (p < 0.05). For the first time, an association between cadF and hecA and a high adhesion capability was identified (p < 0.05). The results provide new data on the pathogenic potential of Arcobacter species present in food and water by highlighting the superiority of A. butzleri over A. cryarophilus; providing evidence on the virulence of minority species as A. lanthieri and A. vitoriensis; and confirming sewage as an important source of potentially more virulent arcobacters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsaso Baztarrika
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Adrián Salazar-Sánchez
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Lorena Laorden
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ilargi Martínez-Ballesteros
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Alonso
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Irati Martinez-Malaxetxebarria
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents, and Gene Therapy, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Li Y, Li R, Hou J, Sun X, Wang Y, Li L, Yang F, Yao Y, An Y. Mobile genetic elements affect the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of clinical importance in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 243:117801. [PMID: 38043895 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment is a quintessential One Health issue that threats both human and ecosystem health; however, the source and transmission of ARGs, especially clinically important ARGs (CLIARGs), in the environment have not yet been well studied. In the present study, shotgun metagenomic approaches were used to characterize the microbiome, resistome, and mobilome composition in human feces and six different environment sample types in South China. Overall, the resistome harbored 157 CLIARGs, with specific ARG hotspots (e.g., human feces, wastewater treatment plants, livestock manure and wastewater) excreting significantly higher abundance of CLIARGs compared with the natural environment. A redundancy analysis (RDA) was performed and revealed that the bacterial community compositions and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) explained 55.08% and 34.68% of the variations in ARG abundance, respectively, indicating that both bacterial community and MGEs are key contributors to the maintenance and dissemination of CLIARGs in the environment. The network analysis revealed non-random co-occurrence patterns between 200 bacterial genera and 147 CLIARGs, as well as between 135 MGEs and 123 CLIARGs. In addition to numerous co-shared CLIARGs among different sample types, the source tracking program based on the FEAST probabilistic model was used to estimate the relative contributions of the CLIARGs from potential sources to the natural environment. The source tracking analysis results delineated that mobilome, more than microbiome, contributed CLIARG transmission from those ARG hotspots into natural environment, and the MGEs in WWTPs seem to play the most significant role in the spread of CLIARGs to the natural environment (average contribution 32.9%-46.4%). Overall, this study demonstrated the distribution and dissemination of CLIARGs in the environment, and aimed to better inform strategies to control the spread of CLIARGs into the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Li
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Ruilin Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Jie Hou
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Xuan Sun
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Linyun Li
- Ministry of Social and Ecological Civilization, Party School of Hebei Provincial Committee of C.P.C, China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yanpo Yao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Yi An
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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