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Rani V, Sengar RS, Garg SK, Mishra P, Shukla PK. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Physiological and Molecular Role of Strigolactones as Plant Growth Regulators: A Review. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00694-2. [PMID: 36802323 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Rani
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - R S Sengar
- Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, 250110, India.
| | - Sanjay Kumar Garg
- M. J. P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243006, India
| | - Pragati Mishra
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar Shukla
- Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, 211007, India
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Khalid M, Amayreh M, Sanduka S, Salah Z, Al-Rimawi F, Al-Mazaideh GM, Alanezi AA, Wedian F, Alasmari F, Faris Shalayel MH. Assessment of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities of Sisymbrium officinale plant extract. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10477. [PMID: 36105455 PMCID: PMC9465121 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Khalid
- Al Quds-Bard College, Al-Quds University, Abu Dies, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Mousa Amayreh
- Department of Chemistry, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie, Tulkarm, Palestine
| | - Saadi Sanduka
- Al Quds-Bard College, Al-Quds University, Abu Dies, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Zaidoun Salah
- Al Quds-Bard College, Al-Quds University, Abu Dies, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Fuad Al-Rimawi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Ghassab M. Al-Mazaideh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkareem A. Alanezi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadel Wedian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 560, Irbid, 22163, Jordan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fawaz Alasmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Phenotypic Plasticity of Cunninghamialanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. Seedlings in Response to Varied Light Quality Treatments. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Effects of light quality on phenotypic plasticity in Cunninghamialanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. seedlings during growth and development, and the underlying mechanisms, were investigated. The seedlings showed distinct morphological adjustments when exposed to an equal photosynthetic photon flux density (400 μmol·m−2·s−1) of different light qualities: monochromatic blue (BL), monochromatic red (RL), monochromatic far-red (FrL), mixed RL and FrL at 1:1 (RFr1:1L), mixed RL and FrL at 1:2 (RFr1:2L), and multi-wavelength white (WL, control). Compared with WL, FrL and BL significantly promoted height increment. However, BL was unfavorable for root growth. The seedling biomass was lower and the root-to-shoot ratio was smaller under BL. RL promoted leaf area enlargement, root growth, axillary bud number, and increased the root-to-shoot ratio, but inhibited stem elongation. Low R/Fr ratios or increased FrL proportion increased seedling stem elongation. The seedling growth under RFr1:1L treatment was poorer than that under other treatments; however, the number of axillary buds was the highest. The plasticity of leaf morphology traits was lower in different treatments, and that of axillary bud traits was crucial in the adaptation of C. lanceolata to light quality. Precise management of light quality and wavelength in controlled environments may maximize the economic efficiency of forest production and enhance its quality.
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Farooq TH, Yan W, Chen X, Shakoor A, Rashid MHU, Gilani MM, He Z, Wu P. Dynamics of canopy development of Cunninghamia lanceolata mid-age plantation in relation to foliar nitrogen and soil quality influenced by stand density. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Chenopodium album L. and Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.: Phytochemical Content and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8110505. [PMID: 31731582 PMCID: PMC6918386 DOI: 10.3390/plants8110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous edible plants have an old history of use in popular traditions all around the world, and the rediscovery of these species could also be useful for the search of new drugs. Chenopodium album L. (Amaranthaceae) and Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. (Brassicaceae) are two annual plants traditionally used both as food and herbal remedies against inflammatory disorders. In this work, the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of these plant species have been investigated, together with their antioxidant potential. The phytochemical composition was assessed as well by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC). The antioxidant properties were assessed using the DPPH and β-carotene bleaching test. The ability of extracts to protect against lipid peroxidation was also examined in rat-liver microsomal membranes. All the samples showed a preservation of antioxidant activity up to 60 min. A significant inhibitory activity on the production of the pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide was induced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells by the dichloromethane fraction of C. album extract, with an IC50 value equal to 81.7 ± 0.9 μg/mL. The same sample showed also a concentration-dependent anti-denaturation effect on heat-treated bovine serum albumin (IC50 = 975.6 ± 5.5 μg/mL), even if the best in vitro anti-arthritic activity was observed for the dichloromethane fraction of S. officinale extract, with an IC50 value of 680.9 ± 13.2 μg/mL.
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Ogawa T, Oikawa S, Hirose T. Leaf dynamics in growth and reproduction of Xanthium canadense as influenced by stand density. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 116:807-19. [PMID: 26248476 PMCID: PMC4590326 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Leaf longevity is controlled by the light gradient in the canopy and also by the nitrogen (N) sink strength in the plant. Stand density may influence leaf dynamics through its effects on light gradient and on plant growth and reproduction. This study tests the hypothesis that the control by the light gradient is manifested more in the vegetative period, whereas the opposite is true when the plant becomes reproductive and develops a strong N sink. METHODS Stands of Xanthium canadense were established at two densities. Emergence, growth and death of every leaf on the main stem and branches, and plant growth and N uptake were determined from germination to full senescence. Mean residence time and dry mass productivity were calculated per leaf number, leaf area, leaf mass and leaf N (collectively termed 'leaf variables') in order to analyse leaf dynamics and its effect on plant growth. KEY RESULTS Branching and reproductive activities were higher at low than at high density. Overall there was no significant difference in mean residence time of leaf variables between the two stands. However, early leaf cohorts on the main stem had a longer retention time at low density, whereas later cohorts had a longer retention time at high density. Branch leaves emerged earlier and tended to live longer at low than at high density. Leaf efficiencies, defined as carbon export per unit investment of leaf variables, were higher at low density in all leaf variables except for leaf number. CONCLUSIONS In the vegetative phase of plant growth, the light gradient strongly controls leaf longevity, whereas later the effects of branching and reproductive activities become stronger and over-rule the effect of light environment. As leaf N supports photosynthesis and also works as an N source for plant development, N use is pivotal in linking leaf dynamics with plant growth and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ogawa
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Shimpei Oikawa
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tadaki Hirose
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Watari R, Nagashima H, Hirose T. Stem extension and mechanical stability of Xanthium canadense grown in an open or in a dense stand. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2014; 114:179-90. [PMID: 24879768 PMCID: PMC4071106 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plants in open, uncrowded habitats typically have relatively short stems with many branches, whereas plants in crowded habitats grow taller and more slender at the expense of mechanical stability. There seems to be a trade-off between height growth and mechanical stability, and this study addresses how stand density influences stem extension and consequently plant safety margins against mechanical failure. METHODS Xanthium canadense plants were grown either solitarily (S-plants) or in a dense stand (D-plants) until flowering. Internode dimensions and mechanical properties were measured at the metamer level, and the critical buckling height beyond which the plant elastically buckles under its own weight and the maximum lateral wind force the plant can withstand were calculated. KEY RESULTS Internodes were longer in D- than S-plants, but basal diameter did not differ significantly. Relative growth rates of internode length and diameter were negatively correlated to the volumetric solid fraction of the internode. Internode dry mass density was higher in S- than D-plants. Young's modulus of elasticity and the breaking stress were higher in lower metamers, and in D- than in S-plants. Within a stand, however, both moduli were positively related to dry mass density. The buckling safety factor, a ratio of critical buckling height to actual height, was higher in S- than in D-plants. D-plants were found to be approaching the limiting value 1. Lateral wind force resistance was higher in S- than in D-plants, and increased with growth in S-plants. CONCLUSIONS Critical buckling height increased with height growth due mainly to an increase in stem stiffness and diameter and a reduction in crown/stem mass ratio. Lateral wind force resistance was enhanced due to increased tissue strength and diameter. The increase in tissue stiffness and strength with height growth plays a crucial role in maintaining a safety margin against mechanical failure in herbaceous species that lack the capacity for secondary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Watari
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Hisae Nagashima
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tadaki Hirose
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Bentley LP, Stegen JC, Savage VM, Smith DD, von Allmen EI, Sperry JS, Reich PB, Enquist BJ. An empirical assessment of tree branching networks and implications for plant allometric scaling models. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:1069-78. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Patrick Bentley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Arizona; Tucson; AZ; 85721; USA
| | - James C. Stegen
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences; Biological Sciences, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Richland; WA; 99352; USA
| | | | - Duncan D. Smith
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City; UT; 84112; USA
| | | | - John S. Sperry
- Department of Biology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City; UT; 84112; USA
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Hikosaka K, Anten NPR. An evolutionary game of leaf dynamics and its consequences for canopy structure. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.02042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels P. R. Anten
- Ecology Biodiversity; Institute of Environmental Biology; Utrecht University; 6 P.O. Box 800.84; 3508TB; Utrecht; The Netherlands
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Watari R, Nagashima H, Hirose T. Growth and nitrogen use in Xanthium canadense grown in an open or in a dense stand. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 144:335-345. [PMID: 22211925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2011.01563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Plants develop branches profusely when grown solitarily, while less so when grown in a dense stand. Such changes in architecture are associated with changes in dry mass allocation and nitrogen use. Here, we studied what traits in plant growth and nitrogen use were influenced by different light climates in the stand. Annual plants (Xanthium canadense) were grown solitarily or in a dense stand. Dry mass growth was analyzed as the product of the net assimilation rate (NAR) and leaf area (LA). Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) was analyzed as the product of nitrogen productivity (NP) and the mean residence time (MRT) of nitrogen. These growth variables were further factorized into their components. Solitary plants maintained a high NAR, whereas plants in the dense stand decreased the NAR due to mutual shading. Plants in the dense stand developed a larger LA with a higher specific leaf area than solitary plants. Solitary plants had higher NUE due to higher NP. A temporal increase in NUE was attributed to the increase in MRT of nitrogen. Light climate was different between solitary and dense-stand plants, but they took up a comparable amount of nitrogen and used it differently in response to the given light climate. NUE was thus demonstrated to be a useful tool for analyzing the mechanism leading to different N use in plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Watari
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
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Hirose T, Oikawa S. Mean residence time of leaf number, area, mass, and nitrogen in canopy photosynthesis. Oecologia 2012; 169:927-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-012-2266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nagashima H, Hikosaka K. Plants in a crowded stand regulate their height growth so as to maintain similar heights to neighbours even when they have potential advantages in height growth. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 108:207-14. [PMID: 21562027 PMCID: PMC3119620 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although being tall is advantageous in light competition, plant height growth is often similar among dominant plants in crowded stands (height convergence). Previous theoretical studies have suggested that plants should not overtop neighbours because greater allocation to supporting tissues is necessary in taller plants, which in turn lowers leaf mass fraction and thus carbon gain. However, this model assumes that a competitor has the same potential of height growth as their neighbours, which does not necessarily account for the fact that height convergence occurs even among individuals with various biomass. METHODS Stands of individually potted plants of Chenopodium album were established, where target plants were lifted to overtop neighbours or lowered to be overtopped. Lifted plants were expected to keep overtopping because they intercept more light without increased allocation to stems, or to regulate their height to similar levels of neighbours, saving biomass allocation to the supporting organ. Lowered plants were expected to be suppressed due to the low light availability or to increase height growth so as to have similar height to the neighbours. KEY RESULTS Lifted plants reduced height growth in spite of the fact that they received higher irradiance than others. Lowered plants, on the other hand, increased the rate of stem elongation despite the reduced irradiance. Consequently, lifted and lowered plants converged to the same height. In contrast to the expectation, lifted plants did not increase allocation to leaf mass despite the decreased stem length. Rather, they allocated more biomass to roots, which might contribute to improvement of mechanical stability or water status. It is suggested that decreased leaf mass fraction is not the sole cost of overtopping neighbours. Wind blowing, which may enhance transpiration and drag force, might constrain growth of overtopping plants. CONCLUSIONS The results show that plants in crowded stands regulate their height growth to maintain similar height to neighbours even when they have potential advantages in height growth. This might contribute to avoidance of stresses caused by wind blowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisae Nagashima
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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Koltai H, Kapulnik Y. Strigolactones as mediators of plant growth responses to environmental conditions. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:37-41. [PMID: 21248472 PMCID: PMC3122003 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.1.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) have been recently identified as a new group of plant hormones or their derivatives thereof, shown to play a role in plant development. Evolutionary forces have driven the development of mechanisms in plants that allow adaptive adjustments to a variety of different habitats by employing plasticity in shoot and root growth and development. The ability of SLs to regulate both shoot and root development suggests a role in the plant's response to its growth environment. To play this role, SL pathways need to be responsive to plant growth conditions, and affect plant growth toward increased adaptive adjustment. Here, the effects of SLs on shoot and root development are presented, and possible feedback loops between SLs and two environmental cues, light and nutrient status, are discussed; these might suggest a role for SLs in plants' adaptive adjustment to growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hinanit Koltai
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
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