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Choi WJ, Park HJ, Baek N, In Yang H, Kwak JH, Lee SI, Park SW, Shin ES, Lim SS. Patterns of δ 15N in forest soils and tree foliage and rings between climate zones in relation to atmospheric nitrogen deposition: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165866. [PMID: 37516182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The stable nitrogen (N) isotope ratio (δ15N) of forest samples (soils, tree foliage, and tree rings) has been used as a powerful indicator to explore the responses of forest N cycling to atmospheric N deposition. This review investigated the patterns of δ15N in forest samples between climate zones in relation to N deposition. Forest samples exhibited distinctive δ15N patterns between climate zones due to differences in site conditions (i.e., N availability and retention capacity) and the atmospheric N deposition characteristics (i.e., N deposition rate, N species, and δ15N of deposited N). For example, the δ15N of soil and foliage was higher for tropical forests than for other forests by >1.2 ‰ and 4 ‰, respectively due to the site conditions favoring N losses coupled with relatively low N deposition for tropical forests. This was further supported by the unchanged or increased δ15N of tree rings in tropical forests, which contrasts with other climate zones that exhibited a decreased wood δ15N since the 1920s. Subtropical forests under a high deposition of reduced N (NHy) had a lower δ15N by 2-5 ‰ in the organic layer compared with the other forests, reflecting high retention of 15N-depleted NHy deposition. At severely polluted sites in East Asia, the decreased δ15N in wood also reflected the consistent deposition of 15N-depleted NHy. Though our data analysis represents only a subset of global forest sites where atmospheric N deposition is of interest, the results suggest that the direction and magnitude of the changes in the δ15N of forest samples are related to both atmospheric N and site conditions particularly for tropical vs. subtropical forests. Site-specific information on the atmospheric N deposition characteristics would allow more accurate assessment of the variations in the δ15N of forest samples in relation to N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jung Choi
- Department of Rural & Biosystems Engineering (Brain Korea 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jin Park
- Crop Production & Physiology Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabukdo 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Nuri Baek
- Department of Rural & Biosystems Engineering (Brain Korea 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye In Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Jin-Hyeob Kwak
- Department of Rural Construction Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 57896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Il Lee
- Climate Change Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Jeollabukdo 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Woo Park
- Department of Rural & Biosystems Engineering (Brain Korea 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seo Shin
- Department of Rural & Biosystems Engineering (Brain Korea 21), Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Lim
- Bio R&D Center, CJ Cheiljedang, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16495, Republic of Korea
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Age-Related Changes in Water and Nitrogen Utilization in Crop Trees and Understory Vegetation in a Hinoki Cypress Plantation Forest in Kochi City, Southern Japan. NITROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen3020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in water and nitrogen utilization of crop and understory vegetation in a hinoki cypress plantation forest were investigated from the age of 21 to 46 years in Kochi City, southern Japan. Nitrogen concentration in the leaf litter of hinoki cypress showed a decreasing trend with forest age. The leaf δ15N of hinoki cypress was related to a quadratic function and increased from the age of 21 to 26 years and then decreased to the age of 46 years. These results suggest that older hinoki cypress trees utilize soil nitrogen sources with lower δ15N values, and the competition for soil nitrogen with understory vegetation should be stronger. Carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) of hinoki cypress decreased from the age of 21 to 30 years and then increased to the age of 46 years. In contrast, the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) of hinoki cypress increased from the age of 21 to 36 years and then decreased to the age of 46 years. These findings suggest that hinoki cypress trees in the earlier time increased their iWUE by reducing stomatal opening. In the earlier time, the stomatal opening of understory vegetation increased due to higher soil water availability with decreasing stand density of crop trees. In the later time, the iWUE of hinoki cypress decreased due to lower photosynthetic capacity with nitrogen limitation. These results suggest that the increase in the iWUE of hinoki cypress in response to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels should be smaller in the later time because of stronger competition with understory vegetation for soil nitrogen resources.
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Gurmesa GA, Hobbie EA, Zhang S, Wang A, Zhu F, Zhu W, Koba K, Yoh M, Wang C, Zhang Q, Fang Y. Natural
15
N
abundance of ammonium and nitrate in soil profiles: New insights into forest ecosystem nitrogen saturation. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Geshere Abdisa Gurmesa
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
| | - Erik A. Hobbie
- Earth Systems Research Center, Morse Hall University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Ang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- Qingyuan Forest Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (Qingyuan Forest CERN), Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technique Shenyang China
| | - Feifei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- Qingyuan Forest Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (Qingyuan Forest CERN), Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technique Shenyang China
| | - Weixing Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences Binghamton University, The State University of New York Binghamton New York USA
| | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research Kyoto University Shiga Japan
| | - Muneoki Yoh
- Institute of Agriculture Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Chuankuan Wang
- College of Forestry Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Qiuliang Zhang
- Forestry College Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Hohhot China
| | - Yunting Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- Qingyuan Forest Chinese Ecosystem Research Network (Qingyuan Forest CERN), Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Stable Isotope Technique Shenyang China
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Leaf and Soil δ15N Patterns Along Elevational Gradients at Both Treelines and Shrublines in Three Different Climate Zones. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10070557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The natural abundance of stable nitrogen (N) isotope (δ15N) in plants and soils can reflect N cycling processes in ecosystems. However, we still do not fully understand patterns of plant and soil δ15N at alpine treelines and shrublines in different climate zones. We measured δ15N and N concentration in leaves of trees and shrubs and also in soils along elevational gradients from lower altitudes to the upper limits of treelines and shrublines in subtropical, dry- and wet-temperate regions in China. The patterns of leaf δ15N in trees and shrubs in response to altitude changes were consistent, with lower values occurring at higher altitude in all three climate zones, but such patterns did not exist for leaf Δδ15N and soil δ15N. Average δ15N values of leaves (−1.2‰) and soils (5.6‰) in the subtropical region were significantly higher than those in the two temperate regions (−3.4‰ and 3.2‰, respectively). Significant higher δ15N values in subtro4pical forest compared with temperate forests prove that N cycles are more open in warm regions. The different responses of leaf and soil δ15N to altitude indicate complex mechanisms of soil biogeochemical process and N sources uptake with environmental variations.
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Yu Q, Duan L, Yu L, Chen X, Si G, Ke P, Ye Z, Mulder J. Threshold and multiple indicators for nitrogen saturation in subtropical forests. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:664-673. [PMID: 29902749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The influence of nitrogen (N) deposition on forest ecosystems largely depend on the N status. Developing threshold and practical indicators for N saturation in subtropical forests, with extremely high N deposition, would both enhance forest management and the assessments of global N balance and carbon (C) sequestration. Here, we quantified the N mass balance and assessed current N status at a number of subtropical forest sites in South China, using both N content, C/N ratio, and 15N natural abundance (δ15N) as potential indicators of N saturation. Among the studied sites, N deposition ranged from 13.8 to 113 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in throughfall, and was dominated by ammonium (NH4+). The threshold for N leaching in subtropical forest was first found to be 26-36 kg N ha-1 yr-1, which was 160% higher than in temperate forest (based on prescribed minimum). This indicates that critical parameter inputs in global models of the impact of N deposition are in need of revision, based on specific ecosystem characteristics. We found a critical C/N ratio of 20 for the O/A horizon as indicator of N saturation. Foliar N content and δ15N were positively correlated with N deposition and were well suited to indicate regional N status. The δ15N enrichment factor (Ɛfoli/So2, δ15Nfoliage - δ15NSoil2) was between -10‰ and -1‰, and had similar trend to those obtained from other regions with increasing N deposition. These suggest that the enrichment factor could be used to investigate the influence of N deposition in forest ecosystems, regardless of spatial heterogeneity in δ15N of N input, soil N availability and geomorphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Regional Environmental Quality, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Longfei Yu
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway; Laboratory for Air Pollution & Environmental Technology, Empa, Ueberlandstr. 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Xiao Chen
- Air Environmental Modeling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Education Institutes, College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Gaoyue Si
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Piaopiao Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhixiang Ye
- Air Environmental Modeling and Pollution Controlling Key Laboratory of Sichuan Education Institutes, College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Jan Mulder
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway
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Chen C, Li J, Wang G, Shi M. Accounting for the effect of temperature in clarifying the response of foliar nitrogen isotope ratios to atmospheric nitrogen deposition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:1295-1302. [PMID: 28793398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition affects nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) in plants. However, both negative effect and positive effect have been reported. The effects of climate on plant δ15N have not been corrected for in previous studies, this has impeded discovery of a true effect of atmospheric N deposition on plant δ15N. To obtain a more reliable result, it is necessary to correct for the effects of climatic factors. Here, we measured δ15N and N contents of plants and soils in Baiwangshan and Mount Dongling, north China. Atmospheric N deposition in Baiwangshan was much higher than Mount Dongling. Generally, however, foliar N contents showed no difference between the two regions and foliar δ15N was significantly lower in Baiwangshan than Mount Dongling. The corrected foliar δ15N after accounting for a predicted value assumed to vary with temperature was obviously more negative in Baiwangshan than Mount Dongling. Thus, this suggested the necessity of temperature correction in revealing the effect of N deposition on foliar δ15N. Temperature, soil N sources and mycorrhizal fungi could not explain the difference in foliar δ15N between the two regions, this indicated that atmospheric N deposition had a negative effect on plant δ15N. Additionally, this study also showed that the corrected foliar δ15N of bulk data set increased with altitude above 1300m in Mount Dongling, this provided an another evidence for the conclusion that atmospheric N deposition could cause 15N-depletion in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Guoan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Minrui Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Simulated effects of nitrogen saturation on the global carbon budget using the IBIS model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39173. [PMID: 27966643 PMCID: PMC5155240 DOI: 10.1038/srep39173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 100 years, human activity has greatly changed the rate of atmospheric N (nitrogen) deposition in terrestrial ecosystems, resulting in N saturation in some regions of the world. The contribution of N saturation to the global carbon budget remains uncertain due to the complicated nature of C-N (carbon-nitrogen) interactions and diverse geography. Although N deposition is included in most terrestrial ecosystem models, the effect of N saturation is frequently overlooked. In this study, the IBIS (Integrated BIosphere Simulator) was used to simulate the global-scale effects of N saturation during the period 1961-2009. The results of this model indicate that N saturation reduced global NPP (Net Primary Productivity) and NEP (Net Ecosystem Productivity) by 0.26 and 0.03 Pg C yr-1, respectively. The negative effects of N saturation on carbon sequestration occurred primarily in temperate forests and grasslands. In response to elevated CO2 levels, global N turnover slowed due to increased biomass growth, resulting in a decline in soil mineral N. These changes in N cycling reduced the impact of N saturation on the global carbon budget. However, elevated N deposition in certain regions may further alter N saturation and C-N coupling.
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