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Zhou XH, Li JJ, Peng PH, He WM. Climate warming impacts chewing Spodoptera litura negatively but sucking Corythucha marmorata positively on native Solidago canadensis. Sci Total Environ 2024; 923:171504. [PMID: 38460690 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Insect-plant interactions are among importantly ecological processes, and rapid environmental changes such as temperature and resource fluctuations can disrupt long-standing insect-plant interactions. While individual impacts of climate warming, atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, and plant provenance on insect-plant interactions are well studied, their joint effects on insect-plant interactions are less explored in ecologically realistic settings. To this end, we performed five experiments with native and invasive Solidago canadensis populations from home and introduced ranges and two insect herbivores (leaf-chewing Spodoptera litura and sap-sucking Corythucha marmorata) in the context of climate warming and N deposition. We determined leaf defensive traits, feeding preference, and insect growth and development, and quantified the possible associations among climate change, host-plant traits, and insect performance with structural equation modeling. First, native S. canadensis populations experienced higher damage by S. litura but lower damage by C. marmorata than invasive S. canadensis populations in the ambient environment. Second, warming decreased the leaf consumption, growth, and survival of S. litura on native S. canadensis populations, but did not affect these traits on invasive S. canadensis populations; warming increased the number of C. marmorata on native S. canadensis populations via direct facilitation, but decreased that on invasive S. canadensis populations via indirect suppression. Third, N addition enhanced the survival of S. litura on native S. canadensis populations, and its feeding preference and leaf consumption on invasive S. canadensis populations. Finally, warming plus N addition exhibited non-additive effects on insect-plant interactions. Based on these results, we tentatively conclude that climate warming could have contrasting effects on insect-plant interactions depending on host-plant provenance and that the effects of atmospheric N deposition on insects might be relatively weak compared to climate warming. Future studies should focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying these different patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Zhou
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing-Ji Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei-Hao Peng
- Institute of Ecological Resources and Landscape Architecture, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Ming He
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Hebei Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, Baoding, China.
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2
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Souriol BFA, Henry HAL. Short-versus long-term effects of nitrogen addition and warming on soil nitrogen mineralization and leaching in a grass-dominated old field. Oecologia 2024:10.1007/s00442-024-05549-4. [PMID: 38676730 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and climate warming are both anticipated to influence the N dynamics of northern temperate ecosystems substantially over the next century. In field experiments with N addition and warming treatments, cumulative treatment effects can be important for explaining variation in treatment effects on N dynamics over time; however, comparisons between data collected in the early vs. later years potentially can be confounded with interactions between treatment effects and inter-annual variation in environmental conditions or other factors. We compared the short-term versus long-term effects of N addition and warming on net N mineralization and N leaching in a grass-dominated old field using in situ soil cores. We added new N addition and warming plots (3 years old) to an existing field experiment (16 years old), which enabled comparison of the treatment effects at both time scales while controlling for potential inter-annual variation in other factors. For net N mineralization, there was a significant interaction between plot age and N addition over the growing season, and for extractable inorganic N there was a significant interaction between plot age and warming over winter. In both cases, the directions of the treatment effects differed among old and new plots. Moreover, the responses in the new plots differed from the responses observed previously when the 16-year-old plots had been new. These results demonstrate how inter-annual variation in responses, independent from cumulative treatment effects, can play an important role in interpreting long-term effects on soil N cycling in global change field experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F A Souriol
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Hugh A L Henry
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St. N, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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3
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Baijuan Z, Zongxing L, Qi F, Juan G, Yue Z, Baiting Z. Environmental significance of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and arid region. Chemosphere 2022; 307:136096. [PMID: 35998736 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ecological effect of atmospheric N deposition has become a hot research point along with intensive human activities and global climatic change. As the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau and the arid region, the Qilian Mountains are important ecological barriers and source regions of inland rivers in northwest China. However, the quantification of N deposition in the transition zone between the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the arid region remains unclear, primarily due to the lack of in situ measurements. Hence, an observational study was conducted on the Qilian Mountains, and precipitation data were collected. Approximately 1382 samples were collected and analyzed regarding their characteristics and environmental effects of the atmospheric N wet deposition. The annual wet deposition of atmospheric N was 10.05 kg/hm2, and showed a decreasing trend from the south to the north of the Qilian Mountains. NO3--N deposition was the main form of wet deposition of atmospheric N on the Qilian Mountains, accounting for 73.83% of the DIN deposition. Additionally, altitude, meteorological factors, and ecosystem types were found to influence the wet deposition of atmospheric N. The contribution of NO3--N to the wet deposition of atmospheric N in meadows, forests, grasslands, farmlands, and towns was 48.38%, 71.55%, 77.54%, 69.61%, and 82.84%, respectively. This study provides a scientific basis for the effective management and sustainable development of environmental protection in the transition zone between the TP and the arid region. The results showed that relevant policies, as well as scientific and governmental measures, could contribute to reducing N deposition effectively. However, the further mitigation measures should be proposed and strictly enforced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Baijuan
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park By Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region/ Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/ Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Zongxing
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park By Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region/ Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/ Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Feng Qi
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park By Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region/ Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/ Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Gui Juan
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park By Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region/ Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/ Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhao Yue
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park By Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region/ Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/ Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhang Baiting
- Observation and Research Station of Eco-Hydrology and National Park By Stable Isotope Tracing in Alpine Region/ Gansu Qilian Mountains Ecology Research Center/ Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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4
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Burpee BT, Saros JE, Nanus L, Baron J, Brahney J, Christianson KR, Ganz T, Heard A, Hundey B, Koinig KA, Kopáček J, Moser K, Nydick K, Oleksy I, Sadro S, Sommaruga R, Vinebrooke R, Williams J. Identifying factors that affect mountain lake sensitivity to atmospheric nitrogen deposition across multiple scales. Water Res 2022; 209:117883. [PMID: 34864346 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased nitrogen (N) deposition rates over the past century have affected both North American and European mountain lake ecosystems. Ecological sensitivity of mountain lakes to N deposition varies, however, because chemical and biological responses are modulated by local watershed and lake properties. We evaluated predictors of mountain lake sensitivity to atmospheric N deposition across North American and European mountain ranges and included as response variables dissolved inorganic N (DIN = NNH4+ + NNO3-) concentrations and phytoplankton biomass. Predictors of these responses were evaluated at three different spatial scales (hemispheric, regional, subregional) using regression tree, random forest, and generalized additive model (GAM) analysis. Analyses agreed that Northern Hemisphere mountain lake DIN was related to N deposition rates and smaller scale spatial variability (e.g., regional variability between North American and European lakes, and subregional variability between mountain ranges). Analyses suggested that DIN, N deposition, and subregional variability were important for Northern Hemisphere mountain lake phytoplankton biomass. Together, these findings highlight the need for finer-scale, subregional analyses (by mountain range) of lake sensitivity to N deposition. Subregional analyses revealed differences in predictor variables of lake sensitivity. In addition to N deposition rates, lake and watershed features such as land cover, bedrock geology, maximum lake depth (Zmax), and elevation were common modulators of lake DIN. Subregional phytoplankton biomass was consistently positively related with total phosphorus (TP) in Europe, while North American locations showed variable relationships with N or P. This study reveals scale-dependent watershed and lake characteristics modulate mountain lake ecological responses to atmospheric N deposition and provides important context to inform empirically based management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Burpee
- Climate Change Institute and School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Jasmine E Saros
- Climate Change Institute and School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Leora Nanus
- Department of Geography and Environment, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 80526, USA
| | - Jill Baron
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Janice Brahney
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Kyle R Christianson
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Taylor Ganz
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andi Heard
- Sierra Nevada Network, National Park Service, Three Rivers, CA, USA
| | - Beth Hundey
- Centre for Teaching and Learning, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karin A Koinig
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jiří Kopáček
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Katrina Moser
- Department of Geography, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koren Nydick
- Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, Three Rivers, CA, USA; Rocky Mountain National Park, Estes Park, CO, USA
| | | | - Steven Sadro
- Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ruben Sommaruga
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rolf Vinebrooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason Williams
- Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, Lewiston Regional Office, Lewiston, ID, USA
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5
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Lin BL, Kumon Y, Inoue K, Tobari N, Xue M, Tsunemi K, Terada A. Increased nitrogen deposition contributes to plant biodiversity loss in Japan: Insights from long-term historical monitoring data. Environ Pollut 2021; 290:118033. [PMID: 34467882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric deposition of reactive nitrogen compounds (Nrs) has been recognized as a threat to plant diversity in terrestrial ecosystems. As a first attempt to investigate the relationship between Nrs deposition and plant diversity loss in Japan, we collected and analyzed the available long-term nationwide monitoring data on annual Nrs deposition and plant (tree) species, and evaluated the relationship between Nrs deposition and plant species loss at corresponding sites. Analyses of the available data showed that the amount of Nrs deposited annually tended to decrease at two monitoring sites (Yusuhara, Hedomisaki) and increase at six monitoring sites across Japan (Rishiri, Sadoseki, Tokyo, Aichi, Oki, and Ogasawara) during the late 1980s to 2011, especially at Aichi (11.8-21.6 kgN·ha-1·yr-1), Tokyo (10.0-23.5 kgN·ha-1·yr-1), Oki (6.63-14.1 kgN·ha-1·yr-1), and Rishiri (4.52-7.82 kgN·ha-1·yr-1). Another long-term study, the Monitoring Sites 1000 Project, investigated the growth of tree species at 20 core sites across Japan during 2004-2012. The sites with higher potential plant diversity loss were close to those sites where Nrs deposition had markedly increased over the 20 years, such as Tokyo, Aichi, and Oki. Analyses of long-term monitoring data for tree species in the Tokyo University Forest in Aichi revealed that 22 of the 273 tree species (8.05%) disappeared during the period of 1990-2010, and twelve out of the 22 lost species were shrub species less than 5 m tall. Although our study obviously has some limitations in quantitatively presenting the relationship between the loss of plant diversity and increased atmospheric Nrs deposition in Japan, our findings provide evidence for this relationship based on analyses of historical nationwide monitoring data. These findings will be useful for establishing N critical loads for Japanese forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Le Lin
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba City, 305-8569, Japan.
| | - Yoko Kumon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kazuya Inoue
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba City, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Naoko Tobari
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba City, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Mianqiang Xue
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba City, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Tsunemi
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba City, 305-8569, Japan
| | - Akihiko Terada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
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6
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Kooijman AM, Arens SM, Postema AEL, van Dalen BR, Cammeraat LH. Lime-rich and lime-poor coastal dunes: Natural blowout activity differs with sensitivity to high N deposition through differences in P availability to the vegetation. Sci Total Environ 2021; 779:146461. [PMID: 34030245 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In industrialized countries, biodiversity is threatened by high atmospheric N deposition. In coastal dunes, blowouts can mitigate this through deposition of fresh sand, but lime-rich and lime-poor dunes may differ in blowout activity. We studied natural blowout activity and explanatory factors in 2000 and 2014 in up to 51 sites along the Dutch coast, representative for other parts of Europe. We further analyzed plant and soil characteristics related to P nutrition in seven sites in 2019 and found that blowout activity was intrinsically linked to interactions between the geosphere, pedosphere and biosphere. Blowout activity was higher in lime-rich than in lime-poor dunes, especially in 2014. This difference could not be explained by wind velocity and only partly by position in the landscape, but was associated with pH, critical N load and rabbit density. At high pH, P availability to the vegetation was low. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) plant species thus predominated, which belong to the most characteristic dune plants and may provide rabbit food of better quality than nonmycorrhizal (NM) or ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) plants. Root biomass was also low at high pH, which may reduce cohesion of the sand and increase blowout activity, especially in areas with high rabbit density. At low pH, P availability increased, which favored NM and ErM rather than AM plants, and root biomass increased, which increased stability of the blowouts. As a restoration measure, (re)activation of blowouts may improve buffer capacity, characteristic biodiversity and conservation status of coastal dune grasslands. However, lime-poor dunes are more vulnerable to acidification, increase in P availability and blowout stabilization than lime-rich dunes. In extremely lime-poor dunes, it may even be better to let vegetation develop towards Dune heathlands, which are also EU priority habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Kooijman
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - S M Arens
- Arens Bureau voor Strand en Duinonderzoek, the Netherlands
| | - A E L Postema
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - B R van Dalen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L H Cammeraat
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, PO Box 94240, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Dalal RC, Thornton CM, Allen DE, Kopittke PM. A study over 33 years shows that carbon and nitrogen stocks in a subtropical soil are increasing under native vegetation in a changing climate. Sci Total Environ 2021; 772:145019. [PMID: 33578168 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil plays a critical role in the global carbon (C) cycle. However, climate change and associated factors, such as warming, precipitation change, elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, will affect soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks markedly - a decrease in SOC stocks is predicted to drive further planetary warming, although whether changes in climate and associated factors (including atmospheric N deposition) will cause a net increase in SOC or a net decrease is less certain. Using a subtropical soil, we have directly examined how changes over the last three decades are already impacting upon SOC stocks and soil total nitrogen (STN) in a Vertisol supporting native brigalow (Acacia harpophylla L.) vegetation. It was observed that SOC stocks increased under native vegetation by 5.85 Mg C ha-1 (0.177 ± 0.059 Mg C ha-1 y-1) at a depth of 0-0.3 m over 33 years. This net increase in SOC stocks was not correlated with change in precipitation, which did not change during the study period. Net SOC stocks, however, were correlated with an increasing trend in mean annual temperatures, with an average increase of 0.89 °C. This occurred despite a likely co-occurrence of increased decomposition due to higher temperatures, presumably because the increase in the SOC was largely in the stable, mineral-associated fraction. The increases in CO2 from 338 ppmv to 395 ppmv likely contributed to an increase in biomass, especially root biomass, resulting in the net increase in SOC stocks. Furthermore, STN stocks increased by 0.57 Mg N ha-1 (0.0174 ± 0.0041 Mg N ha-1 y-1) at 0-0.3 m depth, due to increased atmospheric N deposition and potential N2 fixation. Since SOC losses are often predicted in many regions due to global warming, these observations are relevant for sustainability of SOC stocks for productivity and climate models in semi-arid subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram C Dalal
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
| | - Craig M Thornton
- Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, Rockhampton, Qld 4700, Australia.
| | - Diane E Allen
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia; Department of Environment and Science, Dutton Park, Qld 4102, Australia.
| | - Peter M Kopittke
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia.
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Ren Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Nitrogen deposition magnifies the positive response of plant community production to precipitation: Ammonium to nitrate ratio matters. Environ Pollut 2021; 276:116659. [PMID: 33621734 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition amount on plant communities have been extensively explored. However, the responses of plant communities to the ratio of reduced (NH4+-N) and oxidized (NO3--N) forms remain unclear in natural ecosystems. A field N enrichment experiment using different NH4+-N/NO3--N ratios was conducted in a natural semi-arid grassland in northern China from 2014 to 2019. Nitrogen addition tended to reduce plant species richness and significantly enhanced plant community aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP). Neither plant species richness nor plant ANPP at species and community levels was significantly affected by NH4+-N/NO3--N ratios. At the plant functional group level, ANPP of grasses was not significantly affected by the NH4+-N/NO3--N ratios examined, whereas ANPP of forbs was significantly increased at 1:1 NH4+-N/NO3--N. Regardless of N supplied using the different ratios of NH4+-N/NO3--N examined, plant community ANPP was positively associated with growing season precipitation. Unexpectedly, 1:1 NH4+-N/NO3--N (NH4NO3) significantly improved the positive response of plant community ANPP to precipitation (it had the biggest slope value). Our results suggest that precipitation was the main determinant of the influence of NH4+-N/NO3--N ratios on plant community ANPP. Therefore, the results of our study showed that without referring to NH4+-N/NO3--N ratios and precipitation, models using NH4NO3 enrichment may overestimate the positive effect of atmospheric N deposition on ecosystem ANPP in semi-arid ecozones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengru Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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Cheng H, Wu B, Wang S, Wei M, Wang C. Nitrogen application and osmotic stress antagonistically affect wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Int J Phytoremediation 2021; 23:1289-1300. [PMID: 33689505 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1895715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition (AtNiDe) and drought stress (DS) have strongly affected plant growth. However, previous research has primarily focused on the effects of AtNiDe with various levels and DS on plant growth (especially seed germination and seedling growth). This study aimed to evaluate the single and combined effects of AtNiDe with four types (compounds: NH4-N, NO3-N, CO(NH2)2-N, and a mixture of the three types of N) and DS (three levels: control, low, and high) on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. The AtNiDe treatment increased wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Mixed N exerted a greater positive effect on wheat seed germination and seedling growth than single N forms. Organic N also had a greater positive effect on wheat seed germination and seedling growth than reduced inorganic N. The DS treatment decreased wheat seed germination and seedling growth. The AtNiDe treatment alleviated the adverse effects of DS on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Mixed N had the greatest effect on alleviating the adverse effects of DS on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Thus, AtNiDe and DS antagonistically affected wheat seed germination and seedling growth. NOVELTY STATEMENT This study assessed the single and combined effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition with four types and drought stress at three levels on wheat seed germination and seedling growth. Generally, nitrogen and drought antagonistically affected wheat seed germination and seedling growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Cheng
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bingde Wu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mei Wei
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Congyan Wang
- Institute of Environment and Ecology and School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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10
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Sugimoto R, Tsuboi T, Fujita MS. Comprehensive and quantitative assessment of nitrate dynamics in two contrasting forested basins along the Sea of Japan using dual isotopes of nitrate. Sci Total Environ 2019; 687:667-678. [PMID: 31220720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The recent deposition rates of atmospheric nitrate derived from east Asia to the Japanese forested watershed facing the Sea of Japan are of serious concern. However, export ratios and the seasonality of atmospheric nitrate versus microbial nitrate from forest soils to upstreams have not yet been quantified. Furthermore, the influence of local nitrogen sources and internal biogeochemical processes are still unclear. To determine the influence of watershed properties and atmospheric nitrogen deposition on nitrate dynamics in two adjacent basins (the Kita and Minami Rivers) located in central Japan, we conducted seasonal synoptic surveys using the dual isotopes of nitrate. It was found that nitrate regenerated through nitrification in the forest soil was likely the dominant nitrogen source in both basins from the upstream to downstream waters. However, nitrate concentrations and the direct leaching ratio of atmospheric nitrate were considerably higher in the Kita River Basin than in the Minami River Basin, possibly due to the difference in forest environments. In the Kita River Basin, geographic trait such as altitude may be one factor regulating the sensitivity of forest ecosystem to nitrogen deposition. Quantitative assessments of nitrate outflows from the sub-basins revealed that nitrogen leached from the forest soil was a major source (61-81%) of nitrate loading to the coastal sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sugimoto
- Research Center for Marine Bioresources, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0116, Japan.
| | - T Tsuboi
- Research Center for Marine Bioresources, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0116, Japan
| | - M S Fujita
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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11
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Hu Y, Peuke AD, Zhao X, Yan J, Li C. Effects of simulated atmospheric nitrogen deposition on foliar chemistry and physiology of hybrid poplar seedlings. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 143:94-108. [PMID: 31491704 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
During recent decades, the southern and eastern regions of Asia have experienced high levels of atmospheric N deposition. Excess N deposition is predicted to influence tree growth and species composition in the regions, but visual or physiological assessments alone are not sufficient to determine the real effects of atmospheric N deposition. In this study, we simulated atmospheric wet deposition of inorganic N by spraying a NO3- solution (20 mmol⋅L-1) or a mixture of NO3- (20 mmol⋅L-1) plus NO2- (100 or 300 μmol⋅L-1) on leaves of hybrid poplar (Populus alba × Populus berolinensis) seedlings and examined morphoanatomical traits and physiological processes. Leaves of seedlings sprayed with single or mixed N solutions developed marginal necrosis, curling, and small cracks on the adaxial surface. The silicon (Si)-rich crystals were larger (about 100% increase in crystal diameter compared to untreated seedlings) on the adaxial leaf surface, with a significant positive correlation between the atomic percentage of N and Si on the crystal areas of the surface. Leaves were sensitive to NO2- compared with NO3- even at a low concentration; water content, dry mass, and photochemical variables significantly declined and dark respiration increased only in leaves treated with mixed N form. Mixed N foliar applications significantly increased leaf concentrations of the free amino acids Glu, Gln, and Asn and organic acids oxaloacetic acid and citric acid. Besides, mixed N treatment stimulated leaf transamination, as indicated by significant increases in Ala and Asp concentrations and activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase. However, mixed N applications led to declines in leaf concentrations of putrescine (by 65%, p = 0.01) and spermine (by 53%, p = 0.01). A higher proportion of NO2- (300 μmol⋅L-1) in mixed N solution was inhibitory to key N-metabolic enzymes and N translocation via the phloem. Our results showed that wet deposition of airborne N pollutants modified surface properties and induced additional detrimental effects related to N-compound foliar absorption. Furthermore, our findings indicate that detoxification of reactive N is apparently related to N assimilation and export from the treated leaves via the phloem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin City, 150040, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin City, 150040, PR China.
| | - Andreas D Peuke
- ADP International Plant Science Consulting, Talstrasse 8, D-79194, Gundelfingen, Germany
| | - Xiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin City, 150040, PR China
| | - Junxin Yan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin City, 150040, PR China
| | - Chunming Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Harbin City, 150081, PR China
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12
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Gao Q, Chen S, Kimirei IA, Zhang L, Mgana H, Mziray P, Wang Z, Yu C, Shen Q. Wet deposition of atmospheric nitrogen contributes to nitrogen loading in the surface waters of Lake Tanganyika, East Africa: a case study of the Kigoma region. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:11646-11660. [PMID: 29430597 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lake Tanganyika, an African Great Lake, is a complex tropical ecosystem that has been subjected to extreme climate-related changes in the last century, including seasonal changes in temperature and rainfall, decreased overall annual rainfall, and greater frequency of rainstorms. Atmospheric nitrogen (N) is an important component of the lake's N loading, but how long-term and seasonal changes in precipitation affect this loading still needs clarification. This study aimed to improve our understanding of the seasonal features of N deposition in the lake, by monitoring atmospheric N deposition concentrations and fluxes from March 2013 to February 2014. There was a significant temporal variation in wet N depositions in the study area. The distribution of the annual rainfall into major (March-May 299.8 mm) and minor (October-December 343.2 mm) rainy seasons translated into 20 and 30% of N deposition. In September and January-February, there was 10 and 12% precipitation, representing 43 and 7% of N deposition in the lake. Nitrogen deposition was highest in September due to farmlands' burning during the dry season (June-August), leading to N accumulation in the atmosphere. In conclusion, the pattern of N deposition appears to be driven by the unique climatic characteristics of the lake basin and to be closely associated with local anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGLAS), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Shuang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGLAS), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Ismael Aaron Kimirei
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGLAS), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
- Kigoma Center, Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 90, Kigoma, Tanzania
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGLAS), Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Huruma Mgana
- Kigoma Center, Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 90, Kigoma, Tanzania
| | - Prisca Mziray
- Kigoma Center, Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), P.O. Box 90, Kigoma, Tanzania
| | - Zhaode Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGLAS), Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Cheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGLAS), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Qiushi Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGLAS), Nanjing, 210008, China
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13
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Chen C, Li J, Wang G, Shi M. Accounting for the effect of temperature in clarifying the response of foliar nitrogen isotope ratios to atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Sci Total Environ 2017; 609:1295-1302. [PMID: 28793398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition affects nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) in plants. However, both negative effect and positive effect have been reported. The effects of climate on plant δ15N have not been corrected for in previous studies, this has impeded discovery of a true effect of atmospheric N deposition on plant δ15N. To obtain a more reliable result, it is necessary to correct for the effects of climatic factors. Here, we measured δ15N and N contents of plants and soils in Baiwangshan and Mount Dongling, north China. Atmospheric N deposition in Baiwangshan was much higher than Mount Dongling. Generally, however, foliar N contents showed no difference between the two regions and foliar δ15N was significantly lower in Baiwangshan than Mount Dongling. The corrected foliar δ15N after accounting for a predicted value assumed to vary with temperature was obviously more negative in Baiwangshan than Mount Dongling. Thus, this suggested the necessity of temperature correction in revealing the effect of N deposition on foliar δ15N. Temperature, soil N sources and mycorrhizal fungi could not explain the difference in foliar δ15N between the two regions, this indicated that atmospheric N deposition had a negative effect on plant δ15N. Additionally, this study also showed that the corrected foliar δ15N of bulk data set increased with altitude above 1300m in Mount Dongling, this provided an another evidence for the conclusion that atmospheric N deposition could cause 15N-depletion in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongjuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiazhu Li
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Guoan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Minrui Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention-control and Remediation, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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14
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Cook JL, Newton J, Millett J. Environmental differences between sites control the diet and nutrition of the carnivorous plant Drosera rotundifolia. Plant Soil 2017; 423:41-58. [PMID: 31402798 PMCID: PMC6647551 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-017-3484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Carnivorous plants are sensitive to small changes in resource availability, but few previous studies have examined how differences in nutrient and prey availability affect investment in and the benefit of carnivory. We studied the impact of site-level differences in resource availability on ecophysiological traits of carnivory for Drosera rotundifolia L. METHODS We measured prey availability, investment in carnivory (leaf stickiness), prey capture and diet of plants growing in two bogs with differences in N deposition and plant available N: Cors Fochno (0.62 g m-2 yr.-1, 353 μg l-1), Whixall Moss (1.37 g m-2 yr.-1, 1505 μg l-1). The total N amount per plant and the contributions of prey/root N to the plants' N budget were calculated using a single isotope natural abundance method. RESULTS Plants at Whixall Moss invested less in carnivory, were less likely to capture prey, and were less reliant on prey-derived N (25.5% compared with 49.4%). Actual prey capture did not differ between sites. Diet composition differed - Cors Fochno plants captured 62% greater proportions of Diptera. CONCLUSIONS Our results show site-level differences in plant diet and nutrition consistent with differences in resource availability. Similarity in actual prey capture may be explained by differences in leaf stickiness and prey abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joni L. Cook
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU Leicestershire UK
- NERC Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, G75 0QF UK
- Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - J. Newton
- NERC Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry Facility, Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Rankine Avenue, Scottish Enterprise Technology Park, East Kilbride, G75 0QF UK
| | - J. Millett
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU Leicestershire UK
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15
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Dong YP, Liu XY, Sun XC, Song W, Zheng XD, Li R, Liu CQ. Inter-species and intra-annual variations of moss nitrogen utilization: Implications for nitrogen deposition assessment. Environ Pollut 2017; 230:506-515. [PMID: 28692942 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Moss nitrogen (N) concentrations and natural 15N abundance (δ15N values) have been widely employed to evaluate annual levels and major sources of atmospheric N deposition. However, different moss species and one-off sampling were often used among extant studies, it remains unclear whether moss N parameters differ with species and different samplings, which prevented more accurate assessment of N deposition via moss survey. Here concentrations, isotopic ratios of bulk carbon (C) and bulk N in natural epilithic mosses (Bryum argenteum, Eurohypnum leptothallum, Haplocladium microphyllum and Hypnum plumaeforme) were measured monthly from August 2006 to August 2007 at Guiyang, SW China. The H. plumaeforme had significantly (P < 0.05) lower bulk N concentrations and higher δ13C values than other species. Moss N concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in warmer months than in cooler months, while moss δ13C values exhibited an opposite pattern. The variance component analyses showed that different species contributed more variations of moss N concentrations and δ13C values than different samplings. Differently, δ15N values did not differ significantly between moss species, and its variance mainly reflected variations of assimilated N sources, with ammonium as the dominant contributor. These results unambiguously reveal the influence of inter-species and intra-annual variations of moss N utilization on N deposition assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Dong
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xue-Yan Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Xin-Chao Sun
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Wei Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xu-Dong Zheng
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China
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16
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Xiao L, Xie B, Liu J, Zhang H, Han G, Wang O, Liu F. Stimulation of long-term ammonium nitrogen deposition on methanogenesis by Methanocellaceae in a coastal wetland. Science of The Total Environment 2017; 595:337-343. [PMID: 28390312 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric nitrogen deposition caused by human activities has been receiving much attention. Here, after long-term simulated ammonium and nitrate nitrogen deposition (NH4Cl, KNO3, and NH4NO3) in the Yellow River Delta (YRD), a sensitive coastal wetland ecosystem typified by a distinct wet and dry season, methane fluxes were measured, by adopting a closed static chamber technique. The results showed that deposition of ammonium nitrogen accelerated methane emissions all year round. Ammonium nitrogen deposition transformed the YRD from a methane sink into a source during the dry season. Methanocellaceae is the only methanogen with increased abundance after the application of NH4Cl and NH4NO3, which promoted methane emissions, during the wet season. The findings suggested that Methanocellaceae may facilitate methane emissions in response to increased ammonium nitrogen deposition. Other methanogens might have profited from ammonium supplementation, such as Methanosarcinaceae. Deposition of nitrate nitrogen did not affect methane flux significantly. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to show that Methanocellaceae may be responsible for methane production in coastal wetland system. This study highlights the significant effect of ammonium nitrogen and slight effect of nitrate nitrogen on methane emission in the YRD and it will be helpful to understand the microbial mechanism responding to increased nitrogen deposition in the sensitive coastal wetland ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Baohua Xie
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jinchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangxuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Oumei Wang
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.
| | - Fanghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Biological Resources Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
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17
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Davies JAC, Tipping E, Whitmore AP. 150years of macronutrient change in unfertilized UK ecosystems: Observations vs simulations. Sci Total Environ 2016; 572:1485-1495. [PMID: 27012185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding changes in plant-soil C, N and P using data alone is difficult due to the linkages between carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles (C, N and P), and multiple changing long-term drivers (e.g. climate, land-use, and atmospheric N deposition). Hence, dynamic models are a vital tool for disentangling these drivers, helping us understand the dominant processes and drivers and predict future change. However, it is essential that models are tested against data if their outputs are to be concluded upon with confidence. Here, a simulation of C, N and P cycles using the N14CP model was compared with time-series observations of C, N and P in soils and biomass from the Rothamsted Research long-term experiments spanning 150years, providing an unprecedented temporal integrated test of such a model. N14CP reproduced broad trends in soil organic matter (SOM) C, N and P, vegetation biomass and N and P leaching. Subsequently, the model was used to decouple the effects of land management and elevated nitrogen deposition in these experiments. Elevated N deposition over the last 150years is shown to have increased net primary productivity (NPP) 4.5-fold and total carbon sequestration 5-fold at the Geescroft Wilderness experiment, which was re-wilded to woodland in 1886. In contrast, the model predicts that for cropped grassland conditions at the Park Grass site, elevated N deposition has very little effect on SOM, as increases in NPP are diverted from the soil. More broadly, these results suggest that N deposition is likely to have had a large effect on SOM and NPP in northern temperate and boreal semi-natural grasslands and forests. However, in cropped and grazed systems in the same region, whilst NPP may have been supported in part by elevated N deposition, declines in SOM may not have been appreciably counteracted by increased N availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A C Davies
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, UK.
| | - E Tipping
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Library Avenue, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - A P Whitmore
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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18
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Stevens CJ, Payne RJ, Kimberley A, Smart SM. How will the semi-natural vegetation of the UK have changed by 2030 given likely changes in nitrogen deposition? Environ Pollut 2016; 208:879-89. [PMID: 26439678 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen deposition is known to have major impacts on contemporary ecosystems but few studies have addressed how these impacts will develop over coming decades. We consider likely changes to British semi-natural vegetation up to the year 2030 both qualitatively, based on knowledge of species responses from experimental and gradient studies, and quantitatively, based on modelling of species relationships in national monitoring data. We used historical N deposition trends and national predictions of changing deposition to calculate cumulative deposition from 1900 to 2030. Data from the Countryside Survey (1978, 1990 and 1998) was used to parameterise models relating cumulative N deposition to Ellenberg N which were then applied to expected future deposition trends. Changes to habitat suitability for key species of grassland, heathland and bog, and broadleaved woodland to 2030 were predicted using the MultiMOVE model. In UK woodlands by 2030 there is likely to be reduced occurrence of lichens, increased grass cover and a shift towards more nitrophilic vascular plant species. In grasslands we expect changing species composition with reduced occurrence of terricolous lichens and, at least in acid grasslands, reduced species richness. In heaths and bogs we project overall reductions in species richness with decreased occurrence of terricolous lichens and some bryophytes, reduced cover of dwarf shrubs and small increases in grasses. Our study clearly suggests that changes in vegetation due to nitrogen deposition are likely to continue through coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J Stevens
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4QQ, UK.
| | - Richard J Payne
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Adam Kimberley
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4QQ, UK; Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
| | - Simon M Smart
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4AP, UK
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19
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Millett J, Foot GW, Svensson BM. Nitrogen deposition and prey nitrogen uptake control the nutrition of the carnivorous plant Drosera rotundifolia. Sci Total Environ 2015; 512-513:631-636. [PMID: 25655989 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) deposition has important negative impacts on natural and semi-natural ecosystems, impacting on biotic interactions across trophic levels. Low-nutrient systems are particularly sensitive to changes in N inputs and are therefore more vulnerable to N deposition. Carnivorous plants are often part of these ecosystems partly because of the additional nutrients obtained from prey. We studied the impact of N deposition on the nutrition of the carnivorous plant Drosera rotundifolia growing on 16 ombrotrophic bogs across Europe. We measured tissue N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentrations and prey and root N uptake using a natural abundance stable isotope approach. Our aim was to test the impact of N deposition on D. rotundifolia prey and root N uptake, and nutrient stoichiometry. D. rotundifolia root N uptake was strongly affected by N deposition, possibly resulting in reduced N limitation. The contribution of prey N to the N contained in D. rotundifolia ranged from 20 to 60%. N deposition reduced the maximum amount of N derived from prey, but this varied below this maximum. D. rotundifolia tissue N concentrations were a product of both root N availability and prey N uptake. Increased prey N uptake was correlated with increased tissue P concentrations indicating uptake of P from prey. N deposition therefore reduced the strength of a carnivorous plant-prey interaction, resulting in a reduction in nutrient transfer between trophic levels. We suggest that N deposition has a negative impact on D. rotundifolia and that responses to N deposition might be strongly site specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Millett
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - G W Foot
- Centre for Hydrological and Ecosystem Science, Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - B M Svensson
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18 D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Kim TW, Kim D, Baek SH, Kim YO. Human and riverine impacts on the dynamics of biogeochemical parameters in Kwangyang Bay, South Korea revealed by time-series data and multivariate statistics. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 90:304-311. [PMID: 25481735 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The successful management of sustainable coastal environments that are beneficial to both humans and marine ecosystems requires knowledge about factors that are harmful to such environments. Here, we investigated seawater nutrient and carbon parameters between 2010 and 2012 in Kwangyang Bay, Korea, a coastal environment that has been exposed to intensive anthropogenic activities. The data were analyzed using cluster and factor analysis. We found that the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and carbon were determined by river discharge into the bay and biological activity. However, the impacts of these factors varied both spatially and seasonally. During the past 10 years, nutrient loads from the river and industrial complexes to the bay have decreased. The impacts of this decrease are visible in the phosphate concentration, which has fallen to a third of its initial value. We also examined the potential role of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in nitrogen cycling in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Wook Kim
- Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongseon Kim
- Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Division, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- South Sea Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ok Kim
- South Sea Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
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