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Como S, Melouah K, Draredja MA, Draredja B, Magni P. Variability of soft-bottom macrobenthic invertebrates at different spatial scales: Comparisons between habitats and seasons. Mar Environ Res 2024; 197:106488. [PMID: 38593646 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Studies focusing on patterns of spatial variation in marine soft-bottom assemblages suggest that variability is mainly concentrated at small spatial scale (from tens of centimeters to few meters), but there is still a lack of knowledge about the consistency of this spatial pattern across habitats and seasons. To address this issue, we quantified the variability in the structure of macrozoobenthic assemblages and in the abundance of dominant macroinvertebrate species in the Mellah Lagoon (Algeria) at three spatial scales, i.e., Plot (meters apart), Station (10's m apart) and Site (kms apart) scale, in Ruppia maritima (Ruppia) beds and unvegetated sediments (Unvegetated), and in two dates in winter and two dates in summer 2016. Spatial variability of the most dominant bivalve Mytilaster marioni varied significantly between habitats, but consistent across the two seasons, with a more heterogeneous distribution in Ruppia than in Unvegetated at the Station scale. Furthermore, a second-order interaction among the hierarchical nature of spatial variability, season and habitat emerged for the assemblage structure. Spatial variability between habitats varied significantly in winter, with the largest variation at the Plot scale in Unvegetated and more heterogenous assemblages at the Plot and Site scales than at the Station scale in Ruppia, but did not vary in summer when most of the variance was at the Site scale. We demonstrate that the scales of influence of the processes operating in the Mellah Lagoon are contingent on the specific habitat and/or period of the year at which the study was conducted, highlighting the importance of examining all these sources of variation simultaneously to increase the accuracy of explanatory models derived from the observed patterns in sedimentary environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Como
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica (CNR-IBF), 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Khalil Melouah
- Laboratory of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, M.C Messaadia University, PB.1553, Souk Ahras, 41000, Souk Ahras, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Anis Draredja
- Marine Bioresources Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Brahim Draredja
- Marine and Coastal Ecobiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar University, BP.12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Paolo Magni
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio Degli Impatti Antropici e Sostenibilità in Ambiente Marino (CNR-IAS) Loc. Sa Mardini Snc, Torregrande, 09170, Oristano, Italy.
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2
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Barnes RSK, Hamylton SM, Borburgh L. Microscale dispersion of intertidal seagrass macrofauna. Mar Environ Res 2024; 196:106385. [PMID: 38309245 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies of dispersion of intertidal seagrass-associated macrobenthos in subtropical Moreton Bay, Queensland, showed that patchiness characterised its assemblage abundance with scale-invariant magnitude across areas ranging from >8000 to 0.1 m2. Those studies were here continued across the smaller scales (down to 0.014 m2) arguably more relevant to the dominant 2-10 mm long animals, using 16 replicate blocks of 5x5 contiguous 0.0024 m2 cores nested within the previously studied site. At microscales ≥0.09 m2, the earlier congruence of conclusions derived from patchiness indices and spatial autocorrelation broke down. At >0.014 m2, adjacent points (cores) no longer together formed larger spatial units of related abundance (i.e. showed no autocorrelation), but point abundances were still highly disparate (as reflected in patchiness indices). Congruent indications of patchiness only manifested at 0.014 m2 spatial scales. Assemblage dispersion pattern was partly consequent on one microgastropod (Pseudoliotia) occurring superabundantly in scattered 0.0024 m2 hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S K Barnes
- School of the Environment & Centre for Marine Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia; Department of Zoology & Conservation Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sarah M Hamylton
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Liz Borburgh
- School of the Environment & Centre for Marine Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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3
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Zhao C, Li P, Yan Z, Zhang C, Meng Y, Zhang G. Effects of landscape pattern on water quality at multi- spatial scales in Wuding River Basin, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:19699-19714. [PMID: 38366316 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Urbanization and agricultural land use have led to water quality deterioration. Studies have been conducted on the relationship between landscape patterns and river water quality; however, the Wuding River Basin (WDRB), which is a complex ecosystem structure, is facing resource problems in river basins. Thus, the multi-scale effects of landscape patterns on river water quality in the WDRB must be quantified. This study explored the spatial and seasonal effects of land use distribution on river water quality. Using the data of 22 samples and land use images from the WDRB for 2022, we quantitatively described the correlation between river water quality and land use at spatial and seasonal scales. Stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) and redundancy analyses (RDA) were used to quantitatively screen and compare the relationships between land use structure, landscape patterns, and water quality at different spatial scales. The results showed that the sub-watershed scale is the best spatial scale model that explains the relationship between land use and water quality. With the gradual narrowing of the spatial scale range, cultivated land, grassland, and construction land had strong water quality interpretation abilities. The influence of land use type on water quality parameter variables was more distinct in rainy season than in the dry season. Therefore, in the layout of watershed management, reasonably adjusting the proportion relationship of vegetation and artificial building land in the sub-basin scale and basin scope can realize the effective control of water quality optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen'guang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration On Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an , 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China.
- State Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration On Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an , 710048, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Zixuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration On Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an , 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chaoya Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration On Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an , 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongxia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, No. 5, South Jinhua Road, Xi'an, 710048, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration On Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an , 710048, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Ningxia Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Station, Yin Chuan, 750002, Ningxia, China
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4
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Simoncini A, Massolo A. Multiscale ecological drivers of Echinococcus multilocularis spatial distribution in wild hosts: A systematic review. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2024; 34:e00216. [PMID: 38152424 PMCID: PMC10749871 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2023.e00216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the ecological factors that drive the spatial patterns of parasites transmission is essential to predict their distribution under global change and to direct proactive surveillance efforts. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature to assess the main ecological drivers responsible for the spatial distribution and transmission of the zoonotic cestode Echinococcus multilocularis, the aetiological agent of alveolar echinococcosis, focusing on wild hosts. The 23 retrieved studies suggested that the dispersal of definitive hosts, climatic and biotic factors (distribution of intermediate hosts, composition of host communities) shape continental-scale distribution patterns of E. multilocularis, whereas the relative importance of climate and land cover in driving E. multilocularis distribution at a smaller (country/regional) scale varies with the geographic area considered. At a local scale, two additional factors contribute to determine the distribution of micro-foci of transmission: the trophic relationships between carnivores definitive hosts and small mammals intermediate hosts, and the defecation and marking behaviour of definitive hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Simoncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Politiche Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Alessandro Massolo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Pisa 56121, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, Besançon 25030, France
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Barahona NA, Vergara PM, Alaniz AJ, Carvajal MA, Castro SA, Quiroz M, Hidalgo-Corrotea CM, Fierro A. Understanding how environmental degradation, microclimate, and management shape honey production across different spatial scales. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:12257-12270. [PMID: 38227262 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Although the abundance, survival, and pollination performance of honeybees are sensitive to changes in habitat and climate conditions, the processes by which these effects are transmitted to honey production and interact with beekeeping management are not completely understood. Climate change, habitat degradation, and beekeeping management affect honey yields, and may also interact among themselves resulting in indirect effects across spatial scales. We conducted a 2-year, multi-scale study on Chiloe Island (northern Patagonia), where we evaluated the most relevant environmental and management drivers of honey produced by stationary beekeepers. We found that the effects of microclimate, habitat, and management variables changed with the spatial scale. Among the environmental variables, minimum temperature, and cover of the invasive shrub, gorse (Ulex europaeus) had the strongest detrimental impacts on honey production at spatial scales finer than 4 km. Specialized beekeepers who adopted conventional beekeeping and had more mother colonies were more productive. Mean and minimum temperatures interacted with the percentage of mother colonies, urban cover, and beekeeping income. The gorse cover increased by the combination of high temperatures and the expansion of urban lands, while landscape attributes, such as Eucalyptus plantation cover, influenced beekeeping management. Results suggest that higher temperatures change the available forage or cause thermal stress to honeybees, while invasive shrubs are indicators of degraded habitats. Climate change and habitat degradation are two interrelated environmental phenomena whose effects on beekeeping can be mitigated through adaptive management and habitat restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás A Barahona
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo M Vergara
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alberto J Alaniz
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Geoespacial y Ambiental, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario A Carvajal
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio A Castro
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Madelaine Quiroz
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia M Hidalgo-Corrotea
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Fierro
- Departamento de Gestión Agraria, Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
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6
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Revanales T, Lastra M, Sánchez-Mata A, García-Gallego MA, Mora J, Rodil IF. Biodiversity patterns of the benthic macrofaunal communities across the intertidal sedimentary shores of two Antarctic islands. Mar Environ Res 2024; 194:106333. [PMID: 38185002 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Antarctic benthic ecosystems support a unique fauna characterized by high levels of diversity and endemism. However, our knowledge of the macrofauna communities across the Antarctic intertidal sedimentary shore is limited, and their fundamental ecological features, including spatial variability, remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the abundance, community structure (i.e. taxa-specific abundance), and biodiversity patterns (α-, β-, and λ-diversity) of benthic macrofauna communities on intertidal sedimentary shores of two Antarctic islands (South Shetland archipelago, N of Antarctic Peninsula): Livingston and Deception. We conducted a quantitative sampling during two Austral summer campaigns (2004 and 2005), studying eleven intertidal sites, with five sites located on Livingston and six on Deception. Our results demonstrated a significantly higher abundance of intertidal benthic macrofauna communities on Livingston than on Deception. Furthermore, significant differences in community structure were observed between the two islands. In terms of biodiversity patterns, there were no significant differences in the number of taxa within communities (α-diversity) between the two islands. However, significant differences in the variation of community composition (determined by the number and identity of taxa) between intertidal sites (β-diversity) were observed, shedding light on the higher total taxa count (λ-diversity) on Livingston compared to Deception. We suggest that the island-specific characteristics (e.g., granulometric characteristics, ice disturbance, sedimentation rates, and geothermal activity) determine the differences observed in macrofauna communities. However, other ecological processes and factors are operating on different spatial and temporal scales (e.g., population dynamics, biotic interactions, oceanographic conditions, and climate change) that influence the occurrence and abundance of macrofaunal taxa. Our findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of the spatial variability of these communities and provide essential information for better management decisions and conservation practices in Antarctic coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Revanales
- Department of Biology, Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), University of Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | - M Lastra
- Marine Research Center, University of Vigo, Geoma, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - A Sánchez-Mata
- Department of de Ecology and Animal Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - M A García-Gallego
- Department of de Ecology and Animal Biology, Faculty of Marine Science, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - J Mora
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - I F Rodil
- Department of Biology, Institute of Marine Research (INMAR), University of Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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7
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Yin Y, Peng S, Ding X. Multi-scale response relationship between water quality of rivers entering lakes from different pollution source areas and land use intensity: a case study of the three lakes in central Yunnan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:11010-11025. [PMID: 38217810 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
As the main supply source of lakes, the water quality of the rivers entering the lakes directly determines the water safety and sustainable development of the lakes. Human activities are the direct cause of changes in the water quality of rivers entering lakes, and land use intensity is the direct manifestation of human activities on the land surface. Although significant progress has been made in studying the relationship between land use changes and water quality in lakes, there is still a lack of research on exploring the relationship between land use intensity and water quality at multiple scales, especially in comparative studies of different pollution source areas. To address this problem, this study used Pearson's correlation analysis and land use intensity index method to explore the response relationship between river water quality and land use intensity at different spatial and temporal scales and different pollution source areas using three lakes in central Yunnan as examples. The results showed that land use intensity was generally positively correlated with water quality, but the response relationship between land use intensity and different water quality indicators was significantly different at different scales and for different pollution source areas. Compared to non-urban areas, the impact of land use intensity on water quality is more significant in urban areas. Compared to the rainy season, the correlation between CODNa, TP, and NH3-N values and land use intensity is stronger during the dry season, while the correlation between COD, TN, and land use intensity is weaker during the dry season. When viewed at different scales, different water quality indicators have different scale effects, but overall, the larger the scale, the stronger the correlation. Therefore, in the work of lake water environmental governance, it is necessary to consider comprehensively from multiple scales and perspectives and adopt measures that are more suitable for regional water pollution prevention and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yin
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shuangyun Peng
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xue Ding
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Nakajima T, Kuragano M, Yamada M, Sugimoto R. Comparing nearshore and embayment scale assessments of submarine groundwater discharge: Significance of offshore groundwater discharge as a nutrient pathway. Sci Total Environ 2024; 908:168068. [PMID: 37914127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can influence biogeochemical cycles in coastal seas by delivering nutrients from the seafloor. Comparison between the nearshore and embayment scale assessments of SGD against river water discharge would be crucial for understanding biogeochemical impacts on the coastal seas because the discharge pattern (non-point or point pathway) is different. Here, we quantified SGD contribution to rivers in nutrient budgets at two scales within a coastal embayment (Obama Bay, Japan) by mass balance models of radon and radium isotopes. We then compared the SGD contribution between the two scales by the meta-analysis for regional data sets conducted in nearshore and embayment scales. The estimated SGD rates in the nearshore and embayment scales in the bay were 7.8 cm d-1 and 20.0 cm d-1, indicating that offshore SGD was more significant than nearshore. The ratios of nutrient fluxes derived from SGD to rivers (SGD:River) in the nearshore scale were 1.7 for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), 3.0 for phosphorus (DIP), and 0.5 for silica (DSi), while those in the embayment scale increased to 10.4 for DIN, 18.5 for DIP, and 3.9 for DSi. This result indicates that SGD-derived nutrients become more important at larger spatial scales. Meta-analysis revealed that the difference in the contribution of SGD to rivers was affected by the seafloor size and there was no significant difference in SGD rates between nearshore and embayment scale studies. However, our regional study shows the site-specific pattern that SGD rates in the embayment scale were higher than those in the nearshore scale. Overall, we clarified that SGD can be a crucial nutrient pathway for coastal embayments regardless of the spatial scales and contribute to coastal nutrient biogeochemistry in more offshore areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Nakajima
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Mao Kuragano
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan.
| | - Makoto Yamada
- Faculty of Economics, Ryukoku University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Ryo Sugimoto
- Faculty of Marine Biosciences and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan.
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Yu C, Xia S, Chen SS, Gao Q, Wang Z, Shen Q, Kimirei IA. Evaluation of impact of land use and landscape metrics on surface water quality in the northeastern part along Lake Tanganyika, Africa. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:8134-8149. [PMID: 38177643 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
As the second deepest lake in Africa, Lake Tanganyika plays an important role in supplying fish protein for the catchment's residents and is irreplaceable in global biodiversity. However, the lake's water environment is threatened by socioeconomic development and rapid population growth along the lake. This study analyzed the spatial scale effects and seasonal dependence of land use types and landscape metrics on water quality in 16 sub-basins along northeastern Lake Tanganyika at different levels of urbanization. The results revealed that land use types had a higher influence on water quality in urban areas than that in rural areas; the explanatory variance in the urban area was 0.78-0.96, while it was 0.21-0.70 in the rural area. The explanatory ability of land use types on water quality was better at the buffer scale than at the sub-watershed scale, and the 500 m buffer scale had the highest explanatory ability in the urban area and rural area both in the rainy season and dry season, and artificial surface and arable land were the main contributing factors. And this phenomenon was more obvious in dry season than in rainy season. We identified that CONTAG was the key landscape metric in urban area and was positively correlated with nutrient variables, indicating that water quality degraded in less fragmented landscapes. The sub-watershed scale had the highest explained ability, while in rural area, the 1500 m buffer scale had the highest explained ability and IJI had the highest explanatory variance, which had a negative effect on water quality. Research on the relationship between land use and water quality would help assess the water quality in the unmonitored watershed as monitoring is expensive and time-consuming in low-income area. This knowledge would provide guideline to watershed managers and policymakers to prioritize the future land use development within Lake Tanganyika basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yu
- School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Shiyu Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 99 Xuefu Road, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Sofia Shuang Chen
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, No. 219, Ningliu Road, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhaode Wang
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qiushi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology/Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
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10
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Auge AC, Blouin-Demers G, Murray DL. Effects of temperature heterogeneity on freshwater turtle habitat selection at their northern range limit. J Therm Biol 2023; 118:103725. [PMID: 37944299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental temperature is a crucial resource for ectotherms, affecting their physiology, behaviour and fitness. To maintain body temperatures within a suitable performance range, ectotherms select thermally-favourable locations, but this selection may be challenging in environments with high spatio-temporal heterogeneity. We assessed thermal habitat selection in two freshwater turtles (Emydoidea blandingii; Chrysemys picta) within a thermally heterogeneous environment at two spatial scales (selection of home ranges within the landscape, selection of locations within home ranges) and across seasons, by comparing temperatures at turtle locations vs. those available in the environment. Turtles selected warmer locations compared to those available in aquatic and terrestrial habitats only within home ranges, but did not show any temperature preferences when selecting home ranges at the larger scale. Turtles selected locations that were less thermally-variable than their surroundings, both at the home range scale and within home ranges. Thermal habitat selection was strongest during colder and more thermally-variable pre-nesting season compared to later periods. Despite differences in thermal mass between species, both species responded similarly to temperature variation. We conclude that freshwater turtles at their northern range margin select suitable microclimates within the suite of conditions that are naturally available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dennis L Murray
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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11
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Wang H, Wang J, Ni J, Cui Y, Yan S. Spatial scale effects of integrated landscape indicators on river water quality in Chaohu Lake basin, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:100892-100906. [PMID: 37644263 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and rapid urbanization have changed the characteristics of basin landscapes. Non-point-source (NPS) pollution affects river water quality. Exploring the impact of landscapes on river water quality is crucial for the control of water pollution in a basin. Current researchers focus on the impact of landscape pattern change on NPS pollution in the basin, but few consider climate, terrain, soil, and other geographical factors. In this study, we selected a subtropical agricultural basin in China named Chaohu Lake basin as the study area, added precipitation, soil erosion resistance, and slope to the original landscape pattern indicators. We quantified the spatial scale effect and seasonal dependence of integrated landscape indicators on water quality and comprehensively analyzed the optimal spatial scale and key landscape indicators. According to the nonlinear relationship between the key landscape indicators and river nutrients, we also determined the Type-1 threshold values of key landscape indicators for water quality protection in the basin. The results showed that the rivers in Chaohu Lake basin were mainly polluted by nitrogen and phosphorus. The strength of interpretation of the integrated landscape indicators of river water quality increased with riparian zone width. We determined the subbasin scale to be the optimal spatial scale. The key landscape indicators affecting water quality in the wet season at the optimal scale were precipitation and aggregation index of construction land (AIbul), whereas those in the dry season were AIbul and COHESION. The interpretation of the key landscape indicators in the wet season was slightly higher than that in the dry season. The above conclusions provide a scientific reference for NPS pollution control and water quality protection in subtropical agricultural basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbin Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Engineering Center for Geographic Information of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Jianhua Ni
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Engineering Center for Geographic Information of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yuhuan Cui
- College of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shijiang Yan
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Engineering Center for Geographic Information of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
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12
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Sharief A, Dutta R, Singh H, Kumar V, Joshi BD, Chandra K, Ramesh C, Thakur M, Sharma LK. Environmental predictors may change at fine scale habitat suitability modelling: implications for conservation of Kashmir musk deer in three protected areas of Uttarakhand, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-28106-7. [PMID: 37335516 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The Kashmir musk deer (Moschus cupreus, hereafter KMD) is one of the top conservation priority species which is facing population decline due to poaching, habitat loss, and climate change. Therefore, the long-term survival and viability of KMD populations in their natural habitat require conservation and management of suitable habitats. Hence, the present study attempted to assess the suitable habitat of KMD in three protected areas (PAs) of the Western Himalayan region of Uttarakhand using the Maxent modelling algorithm. Our results suggest that Kedarnath wildlife sanctuary (KWLS) possesses the maximum highly suitable habitats (22.55%) of KMD, followed by Govind Pashu Vihar National Park & Sanctuary (GPVNP&S; 8.33%) and Gangotri National Park (GNP; 5%). Among the environmental variables, altitude was the major contributing factor governing the distribution of KMD in KWLS. In contrast, human footprint in GPVNP&S and precipitation in GNP were the major contributing factors governing the distribution of KMD in these respective PAs. The response curve indicated that habitats with less disturbance falling in the altitudinal zone of 2000-4000 m were the most suitable habitat range for the distribution of KMD in all three PAs. However, in the case of GNP suitable habitat of KMD increases with an increase in the value of variables bio_13 (precipitation of wettest month). Further, based on our results, we believe that the predictors of suitable habitat change are site specific and cannot be generalized in the entire distribution range of the species. Therefore, the present study will be helpful in making proper habitat management actions at fine scale for the conservation of KMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Sharief
- Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India, 700053
- Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India, 248001
| | - Ritam Dutta
- Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India, 700053
| | - Hemant Singh
- Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India, 700053
- Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, India, 249404
| | - Vineet Kumar
- Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata, India, 700053
- Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India, 248001
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13
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Måsviken J, Dalén L, Norén K, Dalerum F. The relative importance of abiotic and biotic environmental conditions for taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of spiders across spatial scales. Oecologia 2023; 202:261-273. [PMID: 37261510 PMCID: PMC10307692 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Both abiotic and biotic conditions may be important for biodiversity. However, their relative importance may vary among different diversity dimensions as well as across spatial scales. Spiders (Araneae) offer an ecologically relevant system for evaluating variation in the relative strength abiotic and biotic biodiversity regulation. We quantified the relative importance of abiotic and biotic conditions for three diversity dimensions of spider communities quantified across two spatial scales. Spiders were surveyed along elevation gradients in northern Sweden. We focused our analysis on geomorphological and climatic conditions as well as vegetation characteristics, and quantified the relative importance of these conditions for the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity of spider communities sampled across one intermediate (500 m) and one local (25 m) scale. There were stronger relationships among diversity dimensions at the local than the intermediate scale. There were also variation in the relative influence of abiotic and biotic conditions among diversity dimensions, but this variation was not consistent across spatial scales. Across both spatial scales, vegetation was related to all diversity dimensions whereas climate was important for phylogenetic and functional diversity. Our study does not fully support stronger abiotic regulation at coarser scales, and conversely stronger abiotic regulation at more local scales. Instead, our results indicate that community assembly is shaped by interactions between abiotic constrains in species distributions and biotic conditions, and that such interactions may be both scale and context dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Måsviken
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Love Dalén
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Palaeogenetics, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Norén
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Dalerum
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Biodiversity Research Institute (University of Oviedo-Principality of Asturias-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council, Research Building, Mieres Campus, 33600, Mieres, Spain.
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa.
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14
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Merlo PJ, Venerus LA, Irigoyen AJ. Fine-scale variation in the proximity of baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS) to rocky reefs reveals changes in the structure of temperate fish assemblages. Mar Environ Res 2023; 185:105902. [PMID: 36736235 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated changes in the structure of coastal fish assemblages in Northern Patagonia, Southwestern Atlantic, by using baited remote underwater video stations (BRUVS) deployed at increasing distances from rocky reefs: 0-5 m, 15-20 m and 50-60 m. We estimated species richness and abundance (total and by preferred habitat type) and searched for diagnostic species in each distance range. We recorded 14 taxa across 11 families in 19 areas surveyed. Species richness and abundance were higher on reef ledges and decreased with distance from them, at a finer spatial scale than previously reported. Acanthistius patachonicus and Sebastes oculatus were indicative of reef ledges; they were less abundant at 15-20 m and disappeared at 50-60 m. Callorinchus callorynchus and Odontesthes spp. occurred only at distances >15-20 m from the reefs, while Galeorhinus galeus was distributed homogeneously throughout the surveyed area. Our findings have practical implications for monitoring ecotone demersal habitats with BRUVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo J Merlo
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT CENPAT-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina.
| | - Leonardo A Venerus
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT CENPAT-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - Alejo J Irigoyen
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CCT CENPAT-CONICET), Blvd. Brown 2915, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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15
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Rivas N, Acero P. A, Tavera J. Spatial variation of parrotfish assemblages at oceanic islands in the western Caribbean: evidence of indirect effects of fishing? PeerJ 2022; 10:e14178. [PMID: 36518271 PMCID: PMC9744149 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish populations that bear considerable pressure levels tend to show a decline in the average size of individuals, with the small and unexploited species replacing the large and exploited ones. It is important to carry on with their characterization in areas where they are becoming an important source of food for local human populations. An example of such species are parrotfishes, whose responses to external factors such as fishing need to be understood and predicted. In this study, we used a diver-operated stereo-video to examine individual body size, sex ratios and proportion of species of the parrotfish assemblage and analyze them on a qualitative fishing pressure gradient at four oceanic islands in the Colombian Caribbean. We reported over 10,000 occurrences of eleven parrotfish species, of which we estimated the total length of over 90%, grouping them into three size categories (large, medium, and small). Our data showed a spatial variation of parrotfishes' abundances, biomass, and individual body size. Observed differences are size-category-dependent throughout the qualitative fishing pressure. In general, the medium-bodied species had smaller sizes, lower abundances, and thus lower contribution to the total parrotfish biomass at the most heavily fished island. Unexpectedly, we found evidence of possible indirect effects over the small-bodied species Scarus iseri and Scarus taeniopterus with significantly greater abundances, and larger sizes of males of S. iseri, at the higher fishing pressure sites. Overall, our data highlights the extent of the spatial variation in the parrotfish communities at relatively short distances, and present new insights into the responses of parrotfish species on a spectrum of body sizes along a gradient of human pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rivas
- Instituto de Estudios en Ciencias del Mar (Cecimar), Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Caribe, El Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - Arturo Acero P.
- Instituto de Estudios en Ciencias del Mar (Cecimar), Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Caribe, El Rodadero, Santa Marta, Colombia
| | - José Tavera
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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16
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Stoffers T, Buijse AD, Geerling GW, Jans LH, Schoor MM, Poos JJ, Verreth JAJ, Nagelkerke LAJ. Freshwater fish biodiversity restoration in floodplain rivers requires connectivity and habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156509. [PMID: 35667436 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With a sixth mass extinction looming and freshwater biodiversity declining at unprecedented rates, evaluating ecological efficacy of river restoration efforts is critical in combatting global biodiversity loss. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the functioning for fishes of 46 river restoration projects in the river Rhine, one of the world's most heavily engineered lowland rivers. Floodplains with permanent, either one- or two-sided lateral connectivity to the main channel, favour total fish abundance, and are essential as nursery areas for riverine fishes. Habitat heterogeneity had a strong positive effect on species richness but was negatively related with fish abundances. However, the effects of environmental variables varied between ecological groups and spatial scales. Surprisingly, richness of critical rheophilic fishes declined with large-scale habitat heterogeneity (~1000 m), while it increased at small scales (~100 m), possibly because of the presence of unfavourable habitats for this ecological group at larger scales. Clearly, there is no one-size-fits-all design for river restoration projects. Whether a river section is free-flowing or impounded dictates the scope and efficacy of restoration projects and, within a river section, multiple complementary restoration projects might be key to mitigate freshwater fish biodiversity loss. An essential element for success is that these projects should retain permanent lateral connection to the main channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stoffers
- Wageningen University & Research, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A D Buijse
- Wageningen University & Research, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Freshwater Ecology and Water Quality, Deltares, Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - G W Geerling
- Department of Freshwater Ecology and Water Quality, Deltares, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Environmental Science, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - L H Jans
- Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Rijkswaterstaat, Arnhem, the Netherlands.
| | - M M Schoor
- Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, Rijkswaterstaat, Arnhem, the Netherlands.
| | - J J Poos
- Wageningen University & Research, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Wageningen Marine Research, IJmuiden, the Netherlands.
| | - J A J Verreth
- Wageningen University & Research, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - L A J Nagelkerke
- Wageningen University & Research, Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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17
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Burpee BT, Saros JE, Nanus L, Baron J, Brahney J, Christianson KR, Ganz T, Heard A, Hundey B, Koinig KA, Kopáček J, Moser K, Nydick K, Oleksy I, Sadro S, Sommaruga R, Vinebrooke R, Williams J. Identifying factors that affect mountain lake sensitivity to atmospheric nitrogen deposition across multiple scales. Water Res 2022; 209:117883. [PMID: 34864346 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Increased nitrogen (N) deposition rates over the past century have affected both North American and European mountain lake ecosystems. Ecological sensitivity of mountain lakes to N deposition varies, however, because chemical and biological responses are modulated by local watershed and lake properties. We evaluated predictors of mountain lake sensitivity to atmospheric N deposition across North American and European mountain ranges and included as response variables dissolved inorganic N (DIN = NNH4+ + NNO3-) concentrations and phytoplankton biomass. Predictors of these responses were evaluated at three different spatial scales (hemispheric, regional, subregional) using regression tree, random forest, and generalized additive model (GAM) analysis. Analyses agreed that Northern Hemisphere mountain lake DIN was related to N deposition rates and smaller scale spatial variability (e.g., regional variability between North American and European lakes, and subregional variability between mountain ranges). Analyses suggested that DIN, N deposition, and subregional variability were important for Northern Hemisphere mountain lake phytoplankton biomass. Together, these findings highlight the need for finer-scale, subregional analyses (by mountain range) of lake sensitivity to N deposition. Subregional analyses revealed differences in predictor variables of lake sensitivity. In addition to N deposition rates, lake and watershed features such as land cover, bedrock geology, maximum lake depth (Zmax), and elevation were common modulators of lake DIN. Subregional phytoplankton biomass was consistently positively related with total phosphorus (TP) in Europe, while North American locations showed variable relationships with N or P. This study reveals scale-dependent watershed and lake characteristics modulate mountain lake ecological responses to atmospheric N deposition and provides important context to inform empirically based management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Burpee
- Climate Change Institute and School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
| | - Jasmine E Saros
- Climate Change Institute and School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Leora Nanus
- Department of Geography and Environment, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 80526, USA
| | - Jill Baron
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA
| | - Janice Brahney
- Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Kyle R Christianson
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Taylor Ganz
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andi Heard
- Sierra Nevada Network, National Park Service, Three Rivers, CA, USA
| | - Beth Hundey
- Centre for Teaching and Learning, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karin A Koinig
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jiří Kopáček
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Hydrobiology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Katrina Moser
- Department of Geography, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koren Nydick
- Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, Three Rivers, CA, USA; Rocky Mountain National Park, Estes Park, CO, USA
| | | | - Steven Sadro
- Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ruben Sommaruga
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rolf Vinebrooke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason Williams
- Idaho Department of Environmental Quality, Lewiston Regional Office, Lewiston, ID, USA
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Abstract
Social enterprises are recognised as relevant rural development actors. The specific features of social enterprises operating within rural areas (i.e. their relational, socially innovative and multi-stakeholder character and their focus on integrated development) concur with the principles of the neo-endogenous approach to rural development, which stress the potential role of third sector organisations as development actors within governance frameworks. In order to study this phenomenon, that links social enterprises and rural development, we propose a conceptual and methodological framework drawing from Polanyi's socio-economic theory, complemented with the concepts of place, spatial scale and corporate agency. Through the proposed framework, we advocate for a plural vision of the economy, socio-spatial and geopolitical sensitive concepts and overcoming methodological individualism for the study of an increasingly relevant phenomenon such as the participation of third sector organisations like social enterprises in the (neo-endogenous) development of rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Olmedo
- Department of Food Business and Development, Cork University Business School, O’Rahilly Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary O’Shaughnessy
- Department of Food Business and Development, Cork University Business School, O’Rahilly Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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19
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Heidari B, Schmidt AR, Minsker B. Cost/benefit assessment of green infrastructure: Spatial scale effects on uncertainty and sensitivity. J Environ Manage 2022; 302:114009. [PMID: 34872175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Green infrastructure (GI) is becoming a common solution to mitigate stormwater-related problems. Given the uncertain costs of GI relative to other stormwater management strategies, stakeholders investing in GI need performance-analysis tools that consider the full suite of benefits and the impacts of uncertainty to help justify GI expenditures. This study provides a quantitative and comparative analysis of GI benefits, including nutrient uptake from stormwater and air pollutant deposition. Economic costs and benefits of GI are assessed using two metrics, benefit-cost ratios (BCRs) and nutrient removal costs, at three scales: household, subwatershed, and watershed scale. Results from a case study in the state of Maryland show that the costs of nutrient uptake at the subwatershed scale can be lower than those at either the watershed or household scales. Moreover, rain gardens are far more efficient in stormwater treatment at the household scale in comparison to watershed scale, for which large-scale dry or wet basins are more efficient. Using a BCR metric, smaller subwatersheds show more promise, while using a nutrient removal cost metric indicates that upstream subwatersheds are more suitable for stormwater treatment. The results also show that implementation of GI at all potential pervious locations does not necessarily increase nutrient removal costs and that self-installation of rain gardens greatly reduces nutrient removal costs. Finally, the results show that using numerous small-sized rain garden practices in front of residential buildings yields lower nutrient removal costs in comparison to permeable pavements placed in parking lots and commercial buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bardia Heidari
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Arthur R Schmidt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, 205 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Barbara Minsker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Southern Methodist University, 3101 Dyer St, Dallas, TX, 75205, USA.
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20
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Popescu VD, Kenyon M, Brown RK, Dyck MA, Prange S, Peterman WE, Dennison C. Habitat connectivity and resource selection in an expanding bobcat ( Lynx rufus) population. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12460. [PMID: 34824917 PMCID: PMC8590802 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial carnivores are among the most imperiled species worldwide, yet some species are resilient and are recovering in human-dominated landscapes after decades or centuries of absence. Bobcat (Lynx rufus) populations were extirpated from much of Midwestern US in the mid-1800's, and are currently expanding and recolonizing their former range. In this study, we investigated multi-scale habitat selection for Ohio's expanding bobcat population, and examined habitat connectivity in order to evaluate the conduits for dispersal statewide. We used citizen observations collected between 1978 and 2019 and logistic regression to evaluate population-level habitat selection, and GPS telemetry data for 20 individuals collected between 2012 and 2014 and a distribution-weighted exponential Resource Selection Function to evaluate individual-level habitat selection within home ranges. At the population level, bobcats selected for higher amounts of forest and pasture (at a 50 km2 scale) and herbaceous vegetation (at 15-50 50 km2 scales), thus overall heterogeneous forested habitat. At individual (home range) level, bobcats selected for forested habitats with low road density and farther away from high traffic roads; they also showed weak selection for open habitat at the home range level. Male home ranges were significantly greater than female home ranges. Lastly, we used the population-level spatial outputs (i.e. habitat suitability map) to parameterize habitat connectivity models using circuit theory in the program Circuitscape. We tested three relationships between habitat suitability and resistance to movement and used a subset of data on potential dispersing individuals to evaluate which relationship performed best. All three relationships performed almost equally well, and we calculated a weighted averaged connectivity map as our final map. Habitat was highly permeable to movements between core areas of two genetically distinct subpopulations located in southeastern Ohio. We also identified potential dispersal corridors from the core areas to other regions of Ohio dominated by agriculture and suburban development via forested riparian corridors. Overall, our analysis offers new information on habitat selection and connectivity in a rebounding felid population and offers important ecological information for wildlife management strategies. We recommend that the suitability and connectivity models should be periodically updated until the population reaches an equilibrium, and be integrated with data from neighboring states for a comprehensive assessment of a conservation success story.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel D Popescu
- Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States.,Center for Environmental Research, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Madeline Kenyon
- Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Ryan K Brown
- Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Marissa A Dyck
- Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Suzanne Prange
- Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States.,Appalachian Wildlife Research Institute, Athens, OH, United States of America
| | - William E Peterman
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Catherine Dennison
- Division of Wildlife, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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21
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Hugoni M, Nunan N, Thioulouse J, Dubost A, Abrouk D, Martins JMF, Goffner D, Prigent-Combaret C, Grundmann G. Small-Scale Variability in Bacterial Community Structure in Different Soil Types. Microb Ecol 2021; 82:470-483. [PMID: 33443587 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbial spatial distribution has mostly been studied at field to global scales (i.e., ecosystem scales). However, the spatial organization at small scales (i.e., centimeter to millimeter scales), which can help improve our understanding of the impacts of spatial communities structure on microbial functioning, has received comparatively little attention. Previous work has shown that small-scale spatial structure exists in soil microbial communities, but these studies have not compared soils from geographically distant locations, nor have they utilized community ecology approaches, such as the core and satellite hypothesis and/or abundance-occupancy relationships, often used in macro-ecology, to improve the description of the spatial organization of communities. In the present work, we focused on bacterial diversity (i.e., 16S rRNA gene sequencing) occurring in micro-samples from a variety of locations with different pedo-climatic histories (i.e., from semi-arid, alpine, and temperate climates) and physicochemical properties. The forms of ecological spatial relationships in bacterial communities (i.e., occupancy-frequency and abundance-occupancy) and taxa distributions (i.e., habitat generalists and specialists) were investigated. The results showed that bacterial composition differed in the four soils at the small scale. Moreover, one soil presented a satellite mode distribution, whereas the three others presented bimodal distributions. Interestingly, numerous core taxa were present in the four soils among which 8 OTUs were common to the four sites. These results confirm that analyses of the small-scale spatial distribution are necessary to understand consequent functional processes taking place in soils, affecting thus ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Hugoni
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418, 69220, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - Naoise Nunan
- Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences - Paris, CNRS - Sorbonne Université, 4 place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jean Thioulouse
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive UMR 5558, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Audrey Dubost
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418, 69220, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Danis Abrouk
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418, 69220, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Jean M F Martins
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IRD, IGE UMR 5001, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Deborah Goffner
- Unité Mixte Internationale CNRS 3189 « Environment, Health and Societies », Faculté de Médecine, 51 Bd Pierre Dramard, 13344, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Prigent-Combaret
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418, 69220, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - Geneviève Grundmann
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, INRA, UMR1418, 69220, F-69622, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Gao Y, Li H, Yang B, Wei X, Zhang C, Xu Y, Zheng X. The preliminary evaluation of differential characteristics and factor evaluation of the microbial structure of rural household toilet excrement in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:43842-43852. [PMID: 33840021 PMCID: PMC8036012 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13779-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies on the microbial community composition of human excrement after rural household toilet treatment are unclear regarding the effects and risks of using recycled products as fertilizers in agriculture. In this study, we used Illumina high-throughput sequencing to investigate the microbial community structure of the excrement from 50 Chinese rural household toilets on a spatial scale, and we evaluated the impact of select geochemical factors on the bacterial and fungal communities in the human excrement. Multivariate analysis showed that there was a significant spatial differentiation of the human excrement in microbial communities after all toilet treatments. Twenty dry toilet samples and thirty septic tank samples had similar bacterial (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes) and fungal phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota), differing only in the proportions of the microorganisms. For both dry toilet samples and septic tank samples, the pH and ammonium nitrogen were found to be the major driving forces affecting the changes in bacterial community structures (p<0.05), while there was no correlation found for the fungal community with environmental factors in China (p>0.05), except in the northern regions, where the total phosphorus was found to be significantly correlated with the fungal community (p<0.05). Network analysis confirmed that NH4+-N had the most significant impact on the content of pathogens. Certain pathogens were still detected after toilet treatment, such as Streptococcus, Bacteroides, Aspergillus, and Chrysosporium, and the proportion of potential pathogenic bacteria in dry toilets was higher than that in septic tanks, suggesting that septic tanks were better than dry toilets in treating human excrement. These results provide an ecological perspective for understanding the large-scale geographic distribution of household excrement microbial communities in rural areas and for improving human excrement treatment technologies and avoiding the risks of agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Houyu Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xiaocheng Wei
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Chunxue Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| | - Xiangqun Zheng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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Breckenkamp J, Razum O, Spallek J, Berger K, Chaix B, Sauzet O. A method to define the relevant ego-centred spatial scale for the assessment of neighbourhood effects: the example of cardiovascular risk factors. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1346. [PMID: 34233639 PMCID: PMC8265054 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11356-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The neighbourhood in which one lives affects health through complex pathways not yet fully understood. A way to move forward in assessing these pathways direction is to explore the spatial structure of health phenomena to generate hypotheses and examine whether the neighbourhood characteristics are able to explain this spatial structure. We compare the spatial structure of two cardiovascular disease risk factors in three European urban areas, thus assessing if a non-measured neighbourhood effect or spatial processes is present by either modelling the correlation structure at individual level or by estimating the intra-class correlation within administrative units. Methods Data from three independent studies (RECORD, DHS and BaBi), covering each a European urban area, are used. The characteristics of the spatial correlation structure of cardiovascular risk factors (BMI and systolic blood pressure) adjusted for age, sex, educational attainment and income are estimated by fitting an exponential model to the semi-variogram based on the geo-coordinates of places of residence. For comparison purposes, a random effect model is also fitted to estimate the intra-class correlation within administrative units. We then discuss the benefits of modelling the correlation structure to evaluate the presence of unmeasured spatial effects on health. Results BMI and blood pressure are consistently found to be spatially structured across the studies, the spatial correlation structures being stronger for BMI. Eight to 22% of the variability in BMI were spatially structured with radii ranging from 100 to 240 m (range). Only a small part of the correlation of residuals was explained by adjusting for the correlation within administrative units (from 0 to 4 percentage points). Discussion The individual spatial correlation approach provides much stronger evidence of spatial effects than the multilevel approach even for small administrative units. Spatial correlation structure offers new possibilities to assess the relevant spatial scale for health. Stronger correlation structure seen for BMI may be due to neighbourhood socioeconomic conditions and processes like social norms at work in the immediate neighbourhood. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11356-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Breckenkamp
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Oliver Razum
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jacob Spallek
- Department of Public Health, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Berger
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Basile Chaix
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Nemesis research team, Paris, France
| | - Odile Sauzet
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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24
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Skórka P, Banach A, Banasiak M, Bokalska-Rajba J, Bonk M, Czachura P, García-Rodríguez A, Gaspar G, Hordyńska N, Kaczmarczyk A, Kapłoniak K, Kociński M, Łopata B, Mazur E, Mirzaei M, Misiewicz A, Parres A, Przystałkowska A, Pustkowiak S, Raczyński M, Sadura I, Splitt A, Stanek M, Sternalski J, Wierzbicka A, Wiorek M, Zduńczyk P. Congruence between the prioritisation of conservation problems at the local and national scale: an evaluation by environmental scientists in Poland. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:35317-35326. [PMID: 34100204 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The anthropogenic pressure on the environment depends on the spatial scale. It is crucial to prioritise conservation actions at different spatial scales to be cost-efficient. Using horizon scanning with the Delphi technique, we asked what the most important conservation problems are in Poland at local and national scales. Twenty-six participants, PhD students, individually identified conservation issues important at the local and national scales. Each problem was then scored and classified into broader categories during the round discussions. Text mining, cross-sectional analyses, and frequency tests were used to compare the context, importance scores, and frequency of identified problems between the two scales, respectively. A total of 115 problems were identified at the local scale and 122 at the national scale. Among them, 30 problems were identical for both scales. Importance scores were higher for national than local problems; however, this resulted from different sets of problems identified at the two scales. Problems linked to urbanisation, education, and management were associated with the local scale. Problems related to policy, forestry, and consumerism were more frequent at the national scale. An efficient conservation policy should be built hierarchically (e.g. introducing adaptive governance), implementing solutions at a national scale with the flexibility to adjust for local differences and to address the most pressing issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Skórka
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agata Banach
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Banasiak
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Bokalska-Rajba
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Bonk
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Czachura
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alberto García-Rodríguez
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Gaspar
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Hordyńska
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adriana Kaczmarczyk
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamila Kapłoniak
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Kociński
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Łopata
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Edyta Mazur
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mohamadreza Mirzaei
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Misiewicz
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aida Parres
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Przystałkowska
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pustkowiak
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Raczyński
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Sadura
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Splitt
- Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Stanek
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Sternalski
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Wierzbicka
- National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083, Balice, Poland
| | - Marcin Wiorek
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Zduńczyk
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512, Kraków, Poland
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Yi S, Wu P, Peng X, Tang Z, Bai F, Sun X, Gao Y, Qin H, Yu X, Wang R, Du N, Guo W. Biodiversity, environmental context and structural attributes as drivers of aboveground biomass in shrublands at the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River basin. Sci Total Environ 2021; 774:145198. [PMID: 33611007 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity-biomass relationships have been debated for decades and remain subject to controversy. Understanding the relationship between biodiversity and biomass will be crucial for soil and water conservation of the whole basin of the Yellow River. The positive effects of biodiversity on aboveground biomass are altered via two fundamental mechanisms-niche complementarity and selection effects-and are modulated by environmental context and community structure in natural communities. Most studies of biodiversity-biomass relationships have focused on grasslands and forests, rather than on shrublands. We combine multiple biotic variables (biodiversity, functional identity and community structural attributes) and environmental context with aboveground biomass across shrubland habitat types (temperate hilly, temperate montane and subtropical montane) at neighbourhood and community spatial scales, to evaluate the effects of these factors on shrubland aboveground biomass, in the Yellow River basin. We found aboveground biomass was influenced primarily by the community-weighted mean plant maximum height, followed by species richness and community-weighted mean specific leaf area. Furthermore, individual plant size inequality, mean annual precipitation and water availability either directly or indirectly influenced aboveground biomass. The biodiversity-aboveground biomass relationship was stronger at the broader spatial scale. Thus, our findings indicate that both niche complementarity and selection effects shape the effects of biodiversity on shrubland aboveground biomass, although selection effects are more important. Moreover, they indicate that water is the most important environmental factor for determining aboveground biomass, and suggest that community structure and spatial scale could influence shrubland aboveground biomass and its response to biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Yi
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiqiang Peng
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Zhiyao Tang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fenghua Bai
- Nanjing Guohuan Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xinke Sun
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Huiying Qin
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Xiaona Yu
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Renqing Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ning Du
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Weihua Guo
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center for Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
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26
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Petrović A, Manley D, van Ham M. Multiscale Contextual Poverty in the Netherlands: Within and Between-Municipality Inequality. Appl Spat Anal Policy 2021; 15:95-116. [PMID: 35222737 PMCID: PMC8860960 DOI: 10.1007/s12061-021-09394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Contextual poverty refers to high proportions of people with a low income in a certain (residential) space, and it can affect individual socioeconomic outcomes as well as decisions to move into or out of the neighbourhood. Contextual poverty is a multiscale phenomenon: Poverty levels at the regional scale reflect regional economic development, while meso-scale concentrations of poverty within cities are related to city-specific social, economic and housing characteristics. Within cities, poverty can also concentrate at micro spatial scales, which are often neglected, largely due to a lack of data. Exposure to poverty at lower spatial scales, such as housing blocks and streets, is important because it can influence individuals through social mechanisms such as role models or social networks. This paper is based on the premise that sociospatial context is necessarily multiscalar, and therefore contextual poverty is a multiscale problem which can be better understood through the inequality within and between places at different spatial scales. The question is how to compare different spatial contexts if we know that they include various spatial scales. Our measure of contextual poverty embraces 101 spatial scales and compares different locations within and between municipalities in the Netherlands. We found that the national inequality primarily came from the concentrations of poverty in areas of a few kilometres, located in cities, which have different spatial patterns of contextual poverty, such as multicentre, core-periphery and east-west. In addition to the inequality between municipalities, there are considerable within-municipality inequalities, particularly among micro-areas of a few hundred metres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Petrović
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - David Manley
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maarten van Ham
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
- University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
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27
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Boraks A, Plunkett GM, Doro TM, Alo F, Sam C, Tuiwawa M, Ticktin T, Amend AS. Scale-Dependent Influences of Distance and Vegetation on the Composition of Aboveground and Belowground Tropical Fungal Communities. Microb Ecol 2021; 81:874-883. [PMID: 33025061 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-020-01608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fungi provide essential ecosystem services and engage in a variety of symbiotic relationships with trees. In this study, we investigate the spatial relationship of trees and fungi at a community level. We characterized the spatial dynamics for above- and belowground fungi using a series of forest monitoring plots, at nested spatial scales, located in the tropical South Pacific, in Vanuatu. Fungal communities from different habitats were sampled using metagenomic analysis of the nuclear ribosomal ITS1 region. Fungal communities exhibited strong distance-decay of similarity across our entire sampling range (3-110,000 m) and also at small spatial scales (< 50 m). Unexpectedly, this pattern was inverted at an intermediate scale (3.7-26 km). At large scales (80-110 km), belowground and aboveground fungal communities responded inversely to increasing geographic distance. Aboveground fungal community turnover (beta diversity) was best explained, at all scales, by geographic distance. In contrast, belowground fungal community turnover was best explained by geographic distance at small scales and tree community composition at large scales. Fungal communities from various habitats respond differently to the influences of habitat and geographic distance. At large geographic distances (80-110 km), community turnover for aboveground fungi is better explained by spatial distance, whereas community turnover for belowground fungi is better explained by plant community turnover. Future syntheses of spatial dynamics among fungal communities must explicitly consider geographic scale to appropriately contextualize community turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Boraks
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i - Mānoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
| | - Gregory M Plunkett
- New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY, 10458-5126, USA
| | - Thomas Morris Doro
- Vanuatu National Herbarium - Vanuatu Department of Forestry, PMB 9064, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Frazer Alo
- Vanuatu National Herbarium - Vanuatu Department of Forestry, PMB 9064, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Chanel Sam
- Vanuatu National Herbarium - Vanuatu Department of Forestry, PMB 9064, Port-Vila, Vanuatu
| | - Marika Tuiwawa
- South Pacific Regional Herbarium, University of the South Pacific, Private Mail Bag, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji Islands
| | - Tamara Ticktin
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i - Mānoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Anthony S Amend
- Department of Botany, University of Hawai'i - Mānoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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28
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Nilsson ALK, Skaugen T, Reitan T, L'Abée-Lund JH, Gamelon M, Jerstad K, Røstad OW, Slagsvold T, Stenseth NC, Vøllestad LA, Walseng B. Hydrology influences breeding time in the white-throated dipper. BMC Ecol 2020; 20:70. [PMID: 33334346 PMCID: PMC7745505 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-020-00338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier breeding is one of the strongest responses to global change in birds and is a key factor determining reproductive success. In most studies of climate effects, the focus has been on large-scale environmental indices or temperature averaged over large geographical areas, neglecting that animals are affected by the local conditions in their home ranges. In riverine ecosystems, climate change is altering the flow regime, in addition to changes resulting from the increasing demand for renewable and clean hydropower. Together with increasing temperatures, this can lead to shifts in the time window available for successful breeding of birds associated with the riverine habitat. Here, we investigated specifically how the environmental conditions at the territory level influence timing of breeding in a passerine bird with an aquatic lifestyle, the white-throated dipper Cinclus cinclus. We relate daily river discharge and other important hydrological parameters, to a long-term dataset of breeding phenology (1978-2015) in a natural river system. RESULTS Dippers bred earlier when winter river discharge and groundwater levels in the weeks prior to breeding were high, and when there was little snow in the catchment area. Breeding was also earlier at lower altitudes, although the effect dramatically declined over the period. This suggests that territories at higher altitudes had more open water in winter later in the study period, which permitted early breeding also here. Unexpectedly, the largest effect inducing earlier breeding time was territory river discharge during the winter months and not immediately prior to breeding. The territory river discharge also increased during the study period. CONCLUSIONS The observed earlier breeding can thus be interpreted as a response to climate change. Measuring environmental variation at the scale of the territory thus provides detailed information about the interactions between organisms and the abiotic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L K Nilsson
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Thormøhlens Gate 55, 5006, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Thomas Skaugen
- Norwegian Water Resource and Energy Directorate, P. O. Box 5091, Majorstua, 0301, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Reitan
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Water Resource and Energy Directorate, P. O. Box 5091, Majorstua, 0301, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Henning L'Abée-Lund
- Norwegian Water Resource and Energy Directorate, P. O. Box 5091, Majorstua, 0301, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marlène Gamelon
- Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kurt Jerstad
- Jerstad Viltforvaltning, Aurebekksveien 61, 4516, Mandal, Norway
| | - Ole Wiggo Røstad
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NMBU, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Tore Slagsvold
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nils C Stenseth
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - L Asbjørn Vøllestad
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1066, Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Walseng
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadallén 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway
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Fattorini N, Lovari S, Watson P, Putman R. The scale-dependent effectiveness of wildlife management: A case study on British deer. J Environ Manage 2020; 276:111303. [PMID: 32947117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Impacts of herbivory by wild ungulates represent a significant issue world-wide. To be effective, management of populations and impacts needs to be coordinated above the site scale, yet little research has investigated the appropriate spatial scale over which management should be integrated to be fully effective. In consideration of reduction of impacts in deciduous or mixed woodland habitats, we tested scale-specific management effectiveness in a lowland area of UK where moderate- to high-density populations of four deer species were the target of deliberate control programmes, and nonhuman predators were absent. We modelled the annual impact recorded between 2009 and 2015 in 98 woodlands as a function of cumulative culls of deer taken since the commencement of management. Analysis was repeated at different spatial scales by increasing the circular area around each focal woodland, from 2.5 km-radius up to 100 km-radius. Our findings suggest for the first time the geographical scale over which deer management needs to be coordinated for optimum effectiveness in decreasing their impact on woodland across relatively homogenous landscapes. For small bodied and relatively sedentary species (roe deer Capreolus capreolus; Reeves' muntjac Muntiacus reevesi), reductions in impacts within woodlands can be achieved by culling at the immediately local level, but some modest increase in effectiveness (probably relating to reductions in the degree of source-sink movement) may be expected with an increase in spatial scale of culling to around 30-70 km-radius. For larger-bodied, herding species with more extensive home-ranges (fallow deer Dama dama; red deer Cervus elaphus) management for reduction of woodland impacts was only really effective when coordinated above the single woodland-scale, with marked increases shown again up to a scale of 100 km-radius. Whilst future studies for different landscape types are still needed, our work emphasises that the spatial scale at which control plans are conducted can determine the effectiveness of wildlife management, possibly providing an advance on how to manage wildlife populations more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Fattorini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy; Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, Via G. Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Sandro Lovari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via P.A. Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy; Maremma Natural History Museum, Strada Corsini 5, 58100, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Peter Watson
- The Deer Initiative, The Carriage House, Brynkinalt Business Centre, Chirk, Wrexham, LL14 5NS, UK; Harper Adams University, Edgmond, Newport, TF10 8NB, UK
| | - Rory Putman
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; British Deer Society, The Walled Garden, Burgate Manor, Fordingbridge, Hants, SP6 1EF, UK.
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Kahma TI, Karlson AML, Sun X, Mörth CM, Humborg C, Norkko A, Rodil IF. Macroalgae fuels coastal soft-sediment macrofauna: A triple-isotope approach across spatial scales. Mar Environ Res 2020; 162:105163. [PMID: 33137597 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shallow coastal zones may provide cross-habitat nutrient subsidies for benthic communities offshore, as macrophyte matter can drift to deeper sediments. To study the relative importance of carbon and nutrient flows derived from different primary food sources in a coastal ecosystem, the diets of clam Macoma balthica, polychaete Marenzelleria spp. and mussel Mytilus trossulus were examined across environmental gradients in the northern Baltic Sea using a triple-isotope approach (i.e. 13C, 15N and 34S) and Bayesian mixing models (MixSIAR). Our results suggest that in shallow habitats, production from Fucus vesiculosus is the primary energy source for M. balthica. The proportion of macroalgae-derived matter in the diet of M. balthica and Marenzelleria spp. decreased following a depth gradient. Our models for M. trossulus indicate that the pelagic POM dominates its diet. Our results indicate a trophic connectivity between shallow macrophyte-dominated and deeper habitats, which receive significant amounts of nutrient subsidies from shallower areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T I Kahma
- University of Helsinki, Tvärminne Zoological Station, J. A. Palménin Tie 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland.
| | - A M L Karlson
- Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm University, Baltic Sea Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - X Sun
- Stockholm University, Baltic Sea Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - C-M Mörth
- Stockholm University, Department of Geological Sciences, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - C Humborg
- University of Helsinki, Tvärminne Zoological Station, J. A. Palménin Tie 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland; Stockholm University, Baltic Sea Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - A Norkko
- University of Helsinki, Tvärminne Zoological Station, J. A. Palménin Tie 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland; Stockholm University, Baltic Sea Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - I F Rodil
- University of Helsinki, Tvärminne Zoological Station, J. A. Palménin Tie 260, 10900 Hanko, Finland; Stockholm University, Baltic Sea Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Czarniecka-Wiera M, Szymura TH, Kącki Z. Understanding the importance of spatial scale in the patterns of grassland invasions. Sci Total Environ 2020; 727:138669. [PMID: 32325319 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The invasion of alien plant species is a serious problem for conservation and the maintenance of biodiversity in grasslands. Therefore, it is important to find environmental factors correlated with the distribution of invasive species in such areas. In this study, we examined the impacts of environmental factors operating at different spatial scales on the distribution of invasive species. The study area were located in the Sudetes Mountains, Poland (3800 km2). We sampled field data from 163 random plots located in grassland, among which there were 94 plots with invasive species and 69 plots without invasive species. For each plot, we collected data on resident vegetation (species richness, community structure), geodiversity (topography, soil type), environmental heterogeneity (landscape structure) and climate (temperature and precipitation). Since the factors examined are likely to operate at different spatial scales, we calculated values of environmental variables with different spatial scopes (10m2 plot and buffers with 50, 250 and 1250 m radii). The probability of invasive plant presence was modeled using boosted regression trees (BRT). The results of our study showed that the distribution of invasive species is explained by factors operated at different spatial scale: in the finer scale the presence of invasive species was driven predominantly by the average Ellenberg's Indicator Values for soil moisture, in medium-scale by the average topographic wetness index and sum of edges, while at coarse-scale by temperature. It was also presented that the effect of drivers operating at fine-spatial scale is overwhelming by effect of drivers operating at coarse scale. From a practical point of view, the results demonstrate that effective grassland management should be planned on a larger spatial context, because focussing on the management of a single site cannot be successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Czarniecka-Wiera
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Botanical Garden, University of Wroclaw, S. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - T H Szymura
- Department of Ecology, Biogeochemistry and Environmental Protection, University of Wroclaw, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Z Kącki
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Botanical Garden, University of Wroclaw, S. Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
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Jin LS, Yin D, Fortin MJ, Cadotte MW. The mechanisms generating community phylogenetic patterns change with spatial scale. Oecologia 2020; 193:655-664. [PMID: 32621030 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Studies that test community assembly hypotheses in observational communities frequently evaluate patterns for plots or entire communities, yet studies that examine assembly patterns across spatial scales show that they are greatly influenced by scale. Here, we test the spatial dependency of patterns of relatedness and plant height for all individual herbaceous plants along five 40-m old-field transects (Southern Ontario, Canada). We identified each individual plant and measured its distance along the transect and its height, and we constructed a molecular phylogeny for all observed species. To uncover the scale at which community phylogenetic and trait similarities shift, we used partial Mantel correlograms and distance-based Moran Eigenvector Maps (dbMEMs). We found that communities shift from significantly overdispersed at relatively smaller scales (i.e., < 15 m) to spatially clustered at larger scales, showing that assembly mechanism influence depends on scale of observation. This pattern was observed for both phylogeny and height, but was the strongest when considering phylogeny only. These results reveal the importance of spatial scale when examining community phylogenetic or trait patterns, where finding support for one assembly mechanism at a single scale does not necessarily mean that other mechanisms are also not important for structuring community composition and diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanna S Jin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Deyi Yin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, 416-208-5105, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Fortin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc W Cadotte
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Scarborough, 416-208-5105, Canada.
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Nelson Mwaijengo G, Msigwa A, Njau KN, Brendonck L, Vanschoenwinkel B. Where does land use matter most? Contrasting land use effects on river quality at different spatial scales. Sci Total Environ 2020; 715:134825. [PMID: 31864783 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of land-use activities on river quality has been a key focus of river monitoring programs worldwide. However, defining which land-use spatial scale is relevant remains elusive. In this study, therefore, we contrasted the influence of land use on river quality using three types of land-use estimators, namely circular buffers around a monitoring site, circular buffers upstream of the monitoring site and the entire watershed area upstream of the monitoring site. The land-use percentage compositions within the Usa-Kikuletwa River catchment in northeastern Tanzania were quantified using Landsat-8 satellite images with a maximum mapping resolution of 30 m. Redundancy analysis models and generalized linear models were used to evaluate the influence of land use on macroinvertebrate assemblages and physico-chemical water quality at different spatial scales in the dry and wet seasons. Overall, a substantial fraction of variation in physico-chemical water quality, macroinvertebrate taxon richness, Chao-1 and TARISS (Tanzania River Scoring System) score could be explained by land use of the entire watershed area upstream of the monitoring site in the dry and wet seasons. However, macroinvertebrate abundances showed strong links with more local land-use patterns within 100 m and 2 km radii. Circular buffers upstream of monitoring sites were more informative for macroinvertebrate assemblages than circular buffers around the monitoring sites. However, the latter did correlate well with physico-chemical water quality variables. Land-use variables correlated across spatial scales (i.e., 100 m up to 2 km radii), but not with the land use in the entire watershed area above the monitoring site. Our results indicate that physico-chemical water quality variables and macroinvertebrates may respond differently to land-uses at different scales. More importantly, our results illustrate that the choice regarding spatial land-use metrics can bias conclusions of environmental impact studies in river systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grite Nelson Mwaijengo
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32 - Box 2439, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Water, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania.
| | - Anna Msigwa
- Department of Water, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania; Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Karoli Nicholas Njau
- Department of Water, Environmental Sciences and Engineering, the Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P. O. Box 447, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Luc Brendonck
- Animal Ecology, Global Change and Sustainable Development, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32 - Box 2439, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Bram Vanschoenwinkel
- Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Management, University of the Free State, Mandela Drive, P.O. Box 339, 9300 Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Johnson MP. Estimating intertidal seaweed biomass at larger scales from quadrat surveys. Mar Environ Res 2020; 156:104906. [PMID: 32056800 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The amount of macroalgal biomass is an important ecosystem variable. Estimates can be made for a sampled area or values can be extrapolated to represent biomass over a larger region. Typically biomass is scaled-up using the area multiplied by the mean: a non-spatial method. Where algal biomass is patchy or shows gradients, non-spatial estimates for an area may be improved by spatial interpolation. A separate issue with scaling-up biomass estimates is that conventional confidence intervals based on the standard error (SE) of the sample may not be appropriate. The issues around interpolation and confidence intervals were examined for three fucoid species using data from 40 × 0.25 m-2 quadrats thrown in a 0.717 ha sampling plot on the shore of Galway Bay. Despite evidence of spatial autocorrelation, interpolation did not appear to improve estimates of the total plot biomass of Fucus serratus and F. vesiculosus. In contrast, interpolated estimates for Ascophyllum nodosum had less error than those based on the non-spatial method. Bootstrapped confidence intervals had several benefits over those based on the SE. These benefits include the avoidance of negative confidence limits at low sample sizes and no assumptions of normality in the data. If there is reason to expect strong patchiness or a gradient of biomass in the area of interest, interpolation is likely to produce more accurate estimates of biomass than non-spatial methods. Development of methodologies for biomass would benefit from more definition of local and regional gradients in biomass and their associated covariates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Johnson
- School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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Brasil LS, Luiza-Andrade A, Calvão LB, Dias-Silva K, Faria APJ, Shimano Y, Oliveira-Junior JMB, Cardoso MN, Juen L. Aquatic insects and their environmental predictors: a scientometric study focused on environmental monitoring in lotic environmental. Environ Monit Assess 2020; 192:194. [PMID: 32086640 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since early studies about aquatic ecology, it has been found that changes in environmental conditions alter aquatic insect communities. Based on this, the combined study of environmental conditions and aquatic insect communities has become an important tool to monitor and manage freshwater systems. However, there is no consensus about which environmental predictors and facets of diversity are more useful for environmental monitoring. The objective of this work was to conduct a scientometric analysis to identify the main environmental predictors and biological groups used to monitor and manage lotic freshwater systems. We conducted a scientometric study on the Web of Science platform using the following words: stream, river, aquatic insect, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Odonata, Heteroptera, Chironomidae, bioindicator, environmental change, anthropic, and land use. Although most of the environmental predictors employed are local, intrinsic of freshwater systems using local environmental and associated landscape variables is a better strategy to predict aquatic insect communities. The facets of diversity most used are composition and richness of species and genera, which are not efficient at measuring the loss of ecosystem services and extinction of phylogenetic lineages. Although very important, these functional and phylogenetic facets are poorly explored for this purpose. Even though tropical regions are the most diverse globally and are experiencing major losses of native vegetation, these ecosystems are the least studied, a knowledge gap that needs addressing to better understand the effect of anthropogenic activities on the diversity of aquatic insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Schlemmer Brasil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, UFPA/MPEG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza-Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, UFPA/MPEG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Lenize Batista Calvão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, UFPA/MPEG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia-PPGECO, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Karina Dias-Silva
- campus de Altamira, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação-PPGBC, Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará-UFPA, Altamira, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Justino Faria
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia-PPGECO, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Yulie Shimano
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa do Pantanal, campus avançado do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, INPP/MPEG, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, n° 2367-,Bairro Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, CEP 78060-900, Brazil
| | - José Max Barbosa Oliveira-Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia-PPGECO, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências e Tecnologia das Águas (ICTA), Rua Vera Paz, s/n (Unidade Tapajós) Bairro, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará (UFOPA), Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, n° 2367-, Bairro Boa Esperança, Salé, Santarém, 68040-255, Brazil
| | - Mylena Neves Cardoso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, UFPA/MPEG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Leandro Juen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, UFPA/MPEG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, N° 1, Bairro Guamá, Belém, Pará, CEP 66075-110, Brazil
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Liu X, Wang Y, Li Y, Liu F, Shen J, Wang J, Xiao R, Wu J. Multi-scaled response of groundwater nitrate contamination to integrated anthropogenic activities in a rapidly urbanizing agricultural catchment. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:34931-34942. [PMID: 31656997 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have a significant contribution to groundwater nitrate contamination at multiple spatial scales in urbanizing agricultural catchments, while how to derive the optimal researching scale and explore the relative importance among anthropogenic activities for groundwater nitrate contamination still remains challenging. In this study, 165 perched groundwater and 120 shallow groundwater samples were collected in two urbanizing agricultural catchments, to explore anthropogenic activity effects on groundwater nitrate contamination crossing multiple spatial scales, integrating the probability kriging, multi-scale comparison at spatial scales of 100 to 1900 m with an increment of 200 m at the block scales, and variance partitioning analysis. Probability of perched and shallow groundwater nitrate concentration > 3 mg L-1 exhibited strong spatial autocorrelation, with effective ranges of 1091 m and 3743 m from semivariogram, respectively. Relationships between perched and shallow groundwater nitrate concentrations were more significant and robust (r = 0.30-0.52, p < 0.001) at the block scale from 300 to 1100 m, indicating that perched groundwater nitrate closely related to shallow groundwater nitrate. The responses of groundwater nitrate contamination on anthropogenic drivers presented strongly scaling correlation and had the highest correlation at the spatial scale of 1100 m, suggesting the optimal scale for exploring anthropogenic activity effects on groundwater nitrate contamination. The three categories of anthropogenic drivers (urbanization, agriculture intensification, and demographic driver) contributed to 31.0-84.0% part of the total variations in groundwater nitrate contamination at the spatial scale of 1100 m. Particularly, agriculture intensification was the most influential driver for groundwater nitrate contamination, while the urbanizing process and population growth played important roles surrounding urban cores. Our findings highlighted the importance of incorporating multi-scale comparisons on regional groundwater quality evaluation, and provided technical support to the groundwater resource management strategy development in urbanizing agricultural regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 644, the Second Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 644, the Second Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 644, the Second Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 644, the Second Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 644, the Second Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 644, the Second Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Runlin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 644, the Second Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 644, the Second Yuanda Road, Furong District, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
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Fischhoff IR, Bowden SE, Keesing F, Ostfeld RS. Systematic review and meta-analysis of tick-borne disease risk factors in residential yards, neighborhoods, and beyond. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:861. [PMID: 31623574 PMCID: PMC6798452 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4484-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to blacklegged ticks Ixodes scapularis that transmit pathogens is thought to occur peri-domestically. However, the locations where people most frequently encounter infected ticks are not well characterized, leading to mixed messages from public health officials about where risk is highest. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on spatial risk factors for tick-borne disease and tick bites in eastern North America. We examined three scales: the residential yard, the neighborhood surrounding (but not including) the yard, and outside the neighborhood. Nineteen eligible studies represented 2741 cases of tick-borne illness and 1447 tick bites. Using random effects models, we derived pooled odds ratio (OR) estimates. RESULTS The meta-analysis revealed significant disease risk factors at the scale of the yard (OR 2.60 95% CI 1.96 - 3.46), the neighborhood (OR 4.08 95% CI 2.49 - 6.68), and outside the neighborhood (OR 2.03 95% CI 1.59 - 2.59). Although significant risk exists at each scale, neighborhood scale risk factors best explained disease exposure. Analysis of variance revealed risk at the neighborhood scale was 57% greater than risk at the yard scale and 101% greater than risk outside the neighborhood. CONCLUSIONS This analysis emphasizes the importance of understanding and reducing tick-borne disease risk at the neighborhood scale. Risk-reducing interventions applied at each scale could be effective, but interventions applied at the neighborhood scale are most likely to protect human health. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42017079169 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya R. Fischhoff
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA
| | - Sarah E. Bowden
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA
- Eagle Medical Services, LLC, 2835 Brandywine Rd. Suite 200, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA
- Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30329-4027 USA
| | - Felicia Keesing
- Bard College, PO Box 5000, Annandale-on-Hudson, New York, 12504 USA
| | - Richard S. Ostfeld
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, 2801 Sharon Turnpike, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA
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Fu H, Yuan G, Jeppesen E, Ge D, Li W, Zou D, Huang Z, Wu A, Liu Q. Local and regional drivers of turnover and nestedness components of species and functional beta diversity in lake macrophyte communities in China. Sci Total Environ 2019; 687:206-217. [PMID: 31207511 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Beta diversity describes the variation in species composition between sites and is often influenced by both local and regional processes. Partitioning beta diversity into turnover (species replacement between sites) and nestedness (richness difference between sites) components may enhance our understanding of the mechanisms behind the local and regional drivers determining species composition across spatial scales. We sampled macrophyte communities in 24 lakes in two regions (Yangtze River basin and Yunnan-Guizhou plateau) of China covering broad climate and nutrient gradients. Based on both species and functional approaches, we calculated multiple-site beta diversity using the Sørensen dissimilarity index and partitioned it into turnover and nestedness coefficients crossed with two nested spatial scales: among depths within transects (transect scale) and among transects within lakes (lake scale). The overall species beta diversity and functional beta diversity (i.e. Sørensen coefficient) were significantly lower and thus more homogeneous at lake scale. Across spatial scales, species beta diversity was mainly explained by turnover patterns (56-61%) and functional beta diversity primarily by nestedness patterns (58-65%). Both local and regional drivers contributed to structuring species and functional beta diversity patterns, largely through changes in species turnover and functional nestedness, respectively. Overall, we observed a significant increase in species beta diversity and its turnover component while a decreasing trend in functional beta diversity and its nestedness component at high altitude. Our results further emphasized that the species beta diversity and its turnover component decreased at high total phosphorus concentration (TP) across the two spatial scales, while the functional beta diversity and its nestedness component decreased at high TP at the transect scale. We conclude that understanding of the relative role of local and regional drivers in determining macrophyte diversity patterns may help managers to select the most appropriate conservation strategies for preservation of biodiversity varying with the scale in focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fu
- Ecology Department, College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Beijing East Road 1038, Nanchang 330029, PR China.
| | - Guixiang Yuan
- Ecology Department, College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China; Jiangxi Institute of Water Sciences, Beijing East Road 1038, Nanchang 330029, PR China
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dabing Ge
- Ecology Department, College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Research Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- Ecology Department, College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Zhenrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural and Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hunan 410125, PR China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Ecology Department, College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Qiaolin Liu
- Ecology Department, College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, PR China
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Varin M, Théau J, Fournier RA. Mapping ecosystem services provided by wetlands at multiple spatiotemporal scales: A case study in Quebec, Canada. J Environ Manage 2019; 246:334-344. [PMID: 31185320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are affected by climate and anthropogenic changes, which influence the ecosystem services (ES) they provide. This study presents a spatially explicit quantification of wetland ESs. The study site is the Yamaska river watershed located in Quebec, Canada. The proposed approach includes four main steps: (1) statistical selection of function indicators (FI) to build a composite ecosystem service indicator (ESI); (2) temporal land use mapping for past (1984), recent (2011) and future scenarios (2050); (3) mapping and quantification of FIs and ESIs at all temporal and spatial scales; and (4) synthesis of multispatial and multitemporal information using a diagram representation. Results present the spatiotemporal evolution of the ES on maintaining habitat provided by wetlands in the studied watershed. The historical characterization shows a general degradation of this service on the entire study area for the last 30 years. The proposed approach can target priority sectors in which this service has deteriorated or is lacking. Future scenarios show the urgency to act in order to preserve current intact areas, because even the optimistic scenario indicates that the studied ES would not return to its 1984 state. The proposed approach allows a spatiotemporal mapping of ESs combined with a visualization of their ecological, social, and economic components in a context of territorial management scenarios. This multi-scale method is reproducible, robust and can be replicated for other ESs in different territories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Varin
- Department of Applied Geomatics, Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en Télédétection, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Jérôme Théau
- Department of Applied Geomatics, Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en Télédétection, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Richard A Fournier
- Department of Applied Geomatics, Centre d'Applications et de Recherches en Télédétection, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada
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Kou Y, Li C, Li J, Tu B, Wang Y, Li X. Climate and soil parameters are more important than denitrifier abundances in controlling potential denitrification rates in Chinese grassland soils. Sci Total Environ 2019; 669:62-69. [PMID: 30878941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Denitrification is an important process that influences nitrogen (N) loss and the production of greenhouse gas in grassland soils. However, the relative contributions of abiotic and biotic factors to soil denitrification potential at the regional and sub-regional scales in grassland ecosystems remain elusive. In this study, soil samples were collected from 21 sites at three steppes of China, including the Inner Mongolia Plateau (IMP), the Xinjiang Autonomous Region (XAR) and the Tibetan Plateau (TP) grasslands. Results showed that the key factors controlling the denitrification potential were regional and scale-dependent. At the sub-regional scales, soil pH, aridity index (AI) and total organic carbon (TOC) explained the highest variances on denitrification potential in the IMP, XAR and TP steppe, respectively. At the regional scale, the mean annual precipitation (MAP) was the most important environmental driver for the denitrification potential. Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling revealed that the MAP might regulate denitrification potential directly and indirectly by its effects on the plant and soil properties. Overall, these results help to improve our understandings on the prediction of the denitrification potential under global changes and revealed that the denitrification potential at various scales could be regulated by the multiple interactions of abiotic and biotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Kou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaonan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiabao Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Tu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yansu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiangzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, CAS, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Dabiri Z, Blaschke T. Scale matters: a survey of the concepts of scale used in spatial disciplines. Eur J Remote Sens 2019; 52:419-434. [PMID: 31275899 PMCID: PMC6582463 DOI: 10.1080/22797254.2019.1626291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Scale is a critical factor when studying patterns and the processes that cause them. A variety of approaches have been used to define the concept of scale but confusion and ambiguities remain regarding scale types and their definitions. The objectives of this study were therefore (1) to review existing types and definitions of scale, and (2) to systematically investigate the ambiguities in scale definitions and to determine the applicability of the various scale types and definitions. Through a comprehensive literature review, we identified seven types of scales and designed a survey for the seven definitions of scale and interviewed 150 scientists. The results show that the more cartography related types of scale are relatively well known while the more abstract dimensions are less known and are most ambiguous. Based on graphical examples, participants were asked which spatial scales are most relevant for their work. Surprisingly, composite objects such as a forest stand were most relevant followed by individual objects such as single trees and, lastly, more generalized categorizes or meta-objects such as "forested area". We have drawn some conclusions that will help to clarify the different types of scale in regard to their practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dabiri
- Department of Geoinformatics-Z_GIS, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Blaschke
- Department of Geoinformatics-Z_GIS, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Juan X, Hongtu M, Jing L, Xiaoping H, Xingbo Y, Simin Y. Spatial optimization mode of China's rural settlements based on quality-of-life theory. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:13854-13866. [PMID: 30488248 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the optimization mode of the spatial organization of rural settlements based on the two-way interactive mechanism between the space of rural settlements and quality-of-life theory. It examines three main aspects: the integration of spatial function, the optimization of spatial structure, and the regulation of spatial scale. In this paper, we built an optimization mode and framework of spatial organization, called the road-oriented mode of rural settlements, based on quality-of-life theory. We systematically analyzed the mode's conceptual connotation, construction principles, frame, type, and spatial scale. At the same time, this paper realized the reasonable proportion and optimized combination of internal spatial type in settlements and focused on a reasonably sized scale of a single settlement and the distance scale between settlements. Our findings can be used as insight into the theoretical development of the spatial structure of rural areas. Results also provide a scientific basis for future spatial optimization and integration of rural settlements to improve quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Juan
- Department of Architecture, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 701165, China.
| | - Ma Hongtu
- Department of Architecture, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 701165, China
- Shaan'xi Ministry of Housing and Urban Planning, Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Luo Jing
- Department of Architecture, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 701165, China
| | - Huo Xiaoping
- Department of Architecture, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 701165, China
| | - Yao Xingbo
- Department of Architecture, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 701165, China
| | - Yang Simin
- Department of Architecture, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 701165, China
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Nunez PL, Nunez MD, Srinivasan R. Multi-Scale Neural Sources of EEG: Genuine, Equivalent, and Representative. A Tutorial Review. Brain Topogr 2019; 32:193-214. [PMID: 30684161 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-019-00701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A biophysical framework needed to interpret electrophysiological data recorded at multiple spatial scales of brain tissue is developed. Micro current sources at membrane surfaces produce local field potentials, electrocorticography, and electroencephalography (EEG). We categorize multi-scale sources as genuine, equivalent, or representative. Genuine sources occur at the micro scale of cell surfaces. Equivalent sources provide identical experimental outcomes over a range of scales and applications. In contrast, each representative source distribution is just one of many possible source distributions that yield similar experimental outcomes. Macro sources ("dipoles") may be defined at the macrocolumn (mm) scale and depend on several features of the micro sources-magnitudes, micro synchrony within columns, and distribution through the cortical depths. These micro source properties are determined by brain dynamics and the columnar structure of cortical tissue. The number of representative sources underlying EEG data depends on the spatial scale of neural tissue under study. EEG inverse solutions (e.g. dipole localization) and high resolution estimates (e.g. Laplacian, dura imaging) have both strengths and limitations that depend on experimental conditions. The proposed theoretical framework informs studies of EEG source localization, source characterization, and low pass filtering. It also facilitates interpretations of brain dynamics and cognition, including measures of synchrony, functional connections between cortical locations, and other aspects of brain complexity.
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44
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Yang H, Man R. Assessing stand species and structural diversity at neighbourhood scale. MethodsX 2019; 5:141-148. [PMID: 30619726 PMCID: PMC6314869 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest diversity assessments are typically conducted at stand scale. This traditional diversity assessment may provide substantial insight into overall stand structure but is limited with respect to describing within-stand variation, an important aspect of stand diversity. This article describes a method for assessing species and structural diversity at within-stand, neighbourhood scale. Nearest neighbours are determined from mapped tree locations in field survey plots. R codes (provided in appendices) are used to assist with determining species and structural diversity indices at a neighbourhood of 4 trees (a subject tree and the 3 nearest neighbours). Neighbourhood structural diversity indices are compared against structural complexity index (SCI) in capturing within-stand variation. Neighbourhood diversity indices, especially in managed stands, are useful for capturing spatial variation in species and structural diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources & Environmental Management, Beijing Forestry University, China
| | - Rongzhou Man
- Ontario Forest Research Institute, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Canada
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45
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Jenkins MF, White EP, Hurlbert AH. The proportion of core species in a community varies with spatial scale and environmental heterogeneity. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6019. [PMID: 30533308 PMCID: PMC6276595 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological communities are composed of a combination of core species that maintain local viable populations and transient species that occur infrequently due to dispersal from surrounding regions. Preliminary work indicates that while core and transient species are both commonly observed in community surveys of a wide range of taxonomic groups, their relative prevalence varies substantially from one community to another depending upon the spatial scale at which the community was characterized and its environmental context. We used a geographically extensive dataset of 968 bird community time series to quantitatively describe how the proportion of core species in a community varies with spatial scale and environmental heterogeneity. We found that the proportion of core species in an assemblage increased with spatial scale in a positive decelerating fashion with a concomitant decrease in the proportion of transient species. Variation in the shape of this scaling relationship between sites was related to regional environmental heterogeneity, with lower proportions of core species at a given scale associated with high environmental heterogeneity. Understanding this influence of scale and environmental heterogeneity on the proportion of core species may help resolve discrepancies between studies of biotic interactions, resource availability, and mass effects conducted at different scales, because the importance of these and other ecological processes are expected to differ substantially between core and transient species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly F Jenkins
- Environment, Ecology, and Energy Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Ethan P White
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.,Informatics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.,Biodiversity Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Allen H Hurlbert
- Environment, Ecology, and Energy Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
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Cánovas-Molina A, Montefalcone M, Bavestrello G, Masmoudi MB, Haguenauer A, Hammami P, Chaoui L, Kara MH, Aurelle D. From depth to regional spatial genetic differentiation of Eunicella cavolini in the NW Mediterranean. C R Biol 2018; 341:421-32. [PMID: 30318420 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Connectivity studies in the marine realm are of great importance to understand the evolutionary potential of populations in a context of growing pressures on the marine environment. Here, we investigated the effect of the local, regional, and depth spatial scale on the population genetic structure of the yellow gorgonian Eunicella cavolini, one of the most common octocoral species of the Mediterranean hard-bottom communities. This species, along with other sessile metazoans typical of coralligenous ecosystems, plays an important role in supporting biodiversity, but is also impacted by direct and indirect consequences of human activities, such as physical destruction or mortality events due to thermal anomalies. Samples were taken from 15 sites located in the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean) in two adjacent regions 100 kilometres apart, i.e. from the areas of Marseille (France) and Portofino (Genoa, Italy), and were analysed using six microsatellite loci. A pattern of isolation by distance was observed at the regional as well as the local scales. Although E. cavolini showed less genetic structure than other Mediterranean octocorallian species, we observed a significant genetic differentiation between populations a few kilometres apart. A low genetic differentiation was also observed between shallow and deep populations. The occurrence of genetically differentiated populations of E. cavolini at the scale of kilometres has important consequences for the management of this species and of the associated communities.
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Robinson JPW, Williams ID, Yeager LA, McPherson JM, Clark J, Oliver TA, Baum JK. Environmental conditions and herbivore biomass determine coral reef benthic community composition: implications for quantitative baselines. Coral Reefs 2018; 37:1157-1168. [PMID: 30930680 PMCID: PMC6404665 DOI: 10.1007/s00338-018-01737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to understand natural constraints on coral reef benthic communities requires quantitative assessment of the relative strengths of abiotic and biotic processes across large spatial scales. Here, we combine underwater images, visual censuses and remote sensing data for 1566 sites across 34 islands spanning the central-western Pacific Ocean, to empirically assess the relative roles of abiotic and grazing processes in determining the prevalence of calcifying organisms and fleshy algae on coral reefs. We used regression trees to identify the major predictors of benthic composition and to test whether anthropogenic stress at inhabited islands decouples natural relationships. We show that sea surface temperature, wave energy, oceanic productivity and aragonite saturation strongly influence benthic community composition; overlooking these factors may bias expectations of calcified reef states. Maintenance of grazing biomass above a relatively low threshold (~ 10-20 kg ha-1) may also prevent transitions to algal-dominated states, providing a tangible management target for rebuilding overexploited herbivore populations. Biophysical relationships did not decouple at inhabited islands, indicating that abiotic influences remain important macroscale processes, even at chronically disturbed reefs. However, spatial autocorrelation among inhabited reefs was substantial and exceeded abiotic and grazing influences, suggesting that natural constraints on reef benthos were superseded by unmeasured anthropogenic impacts. Evidence of strong abiotic influences on reef benthic communities underscores their importance in specifying quantitative targets for coral reef management and restoration that are realistic within the context of local conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. W. Robinson
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO BOX 1700, Station CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ UK
| | - Ivor D. Williams
- Ecosystem Science Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Lauren A. Yeager
- Department of Marine Science, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA
| | - Jana M. McPherson
- Center for Conservation Research, Calgary Zoological Society, 1300 Zoo Road NE, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6 Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Jeanette Clark
- Ecosystem Science Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176, Honolulu, HI USA
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaìi at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI USA
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California Santa Barbara, 735 State St #300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA
| | - Thomas A. Oliver
- Ecosystem Science Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building 176, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Julia K. Baum
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, PO BOX 1700, Station CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2 Canada
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Moore SM, Ten Bosch QA, Siraj AS, Soda KJ, España G, Campo A, Gómez S, Salas D, Raybaud B, Wenger E, Welkhoff P, Perkins TA. Local and regional dynamics of chikungunya virus transmission in Colombia: the role of mismatched spatial heterogeneity. BMC Med 2018; 16:152. [PMID: 30157921 PMCID: PMC6116375 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1127-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mathematical models of transmission dynamics are routinely fitted to epidemiological time series, which must inevitably be aggregated at some spatial scale. Weekly case reports of chikungunya have been made available nationally for numerous countries in the Western Hemisphere since late 2013, and numerous models have made use of this data set for forecasting and inferential purposes. Motivated by an abundance of literature suggesting that the transmission of this mosquito-borne pathogen is localized at scales much finer than nationally, we fitted models at three different spatial scales to weekly case reports from Colombia to explore limitations of analyses of nationally aggregated time series data. METHODS We adapted the recently developed Disease Transmission Kernel (DTK)-Dengue model for modeling chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmission, given the numerous similarities of these viruses vectored by a common mosquito vector. We fitted versions of this model specified at different spatial scales to weekly case reports aggregated at different spatial scales: (1) single-patch national model fitted to national data; (2) single-patch departmental models fitted to departmental data; and (3) multi-patch departmental models fitted to departmental data, where the multiple patches refer to municipalities within a department. We compared the consistency of simulations from fitted models with empirical data. RESULTS We found that model consistency with epidemic dynamics improved with increasing spatial granularity of the model. Specifically, the sum of single-patch departmental model fits better captured national-level temporal patterns than did a single-patch national model. Likewise, multi-patch departmental model fits better captured department-level temporal patterns than did single-patch departmental model fits. Furthermore, inferences about municipal-level incidence based on multi-patch departmental models fitted to department-level data were positively correlated with municipal-level data that were withheld from model fitting. CONCLUSIONS Our model performed better when posed at finer spatial scales, due to better matching between human populations with locally relevant risk. Confronting spatially aggregated models with spatially aggregated data imposes a serious structural constraint on model behavior by averaging over epidemiologically meaningful spatial variation in drivers of transmission, impairing the ability of models to reproduce empirical patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | - Quirine A Ten Bosch
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR2000: Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé (GEMS), Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Amir S Siraj
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - K James Soda
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Guido España
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Alfonso Campo
- Subdirección de Análisis de Riesgo y Respuesta Inmediata en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sara Gómez
- Grupo de Enfermedades Transmisibles, Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Daniela Salas
- Grupo de Enfermedades Transmisibles, Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - T Alex Perkins
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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Barnes RSK, Laurie H. Seagrass macrofaunal abundance shows both multifractality and scale-invariant patchiness. Mar Environ Res 2018; 138:84-95. [PMID: 29706369 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Spatial patterns of abundance of the whole macrobenthic assemblage and of its 10 most numerous species were examined across hierarchically nested scales within a 0.85 ha area of intertidal seagrass in subtropical Moreton Bay, Queensland. Multifractality characterised the assemblage and all ten dominant species across those scales (c. 33, 130, 530 & 2115 m2), with patchiness of assemblage numbers and those of at least some dominants exhibiting scale-invariance. The system displayed several abundance peaks, 12% of stations accounting for 88% of total variance, with many individual dominants showing a series of non-overlapping 'hot-spots'. Scale invariance and multifractality occurred notwithstanding low levels of species interaction consequent on maintenance at very low density. This suggests that critical self-organisation cannot be responsible for such patterning. Contrary to received wisdom, coefficient β of Taylor's power-law cannot form an index of aggregation, although it does indicate direction of change in dispersion pattern with changing numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S K Barnes
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Marine Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia; Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, Brisbane 4101, Queensland, Australia.
| | - H Laurie
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape 7701, South Africa
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Appelgren ASC, Saladin V, Richner H, Doligez B, McCoy KD. Gene flow and adaptive potential in a generalist ectoparasite. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:99. [PMID: 29921216 PMCID: PMC6009953 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In host-parasite systems, relative dispersal rates condition genetic novelty within populations and thus their adaptive potential. Knowledge of host and parasite dispersal rates can therefore help us to understand current interaction patterns in wild populations and why these patterns shift over time and space. For generalist parasites however, estimates of dispersal rates depend on both host range and the considered spatial scale. Here, we assess the relative contribution of these factors by studying the population genetic structure of a common avian ectoparasite, the hen flea Ceratophyllus gallinae, exploiting two hosts that are sympatric in our study population, the great tit Parus major and the collared flycatcher Ficedula albicollis. Previous experimental studies have indicated that the hen flea is both locally maladapted to great tit populations and composed of subpopulations specialized on the two host species, suggesting limited parasite dispersal in space and among hosts, and a potential interaction between these two structuring factors. Results C. gallinae fleas were sampled from old nests of the two passerine species in three replicate wood patches and were genotyped at microsatellite markers to assess population genetic structure at different scales (among individuals within a nest, among nests and between host species within a patch and among patches). As expected, significant structure was found at all spatial scales and between host species, supporting the hypothesis of limited dispersal in this parasite. Clustering analyses and estimates of relatedness further suggested that inbreeding regularly occurs within nests. Patterns of isolation by distance within wood patches indicated that flea dispersal likely occurs in a stepwise manner among neighboring nests. From these data, we estimated that gene flow in the hen flea is approximately half that previously described for its great tit hosts. Conclusion Our results fall in line with predictions based on observed patterns of adaptation in this host-parasite system, suggesting that parasite dispersal is limited and impacts its adaptive potential with respect to its hosts. More generally, this study sheds light on the complex interaction between parasite gene flow, local adaptation and host specialization within a single host-parasite system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-018-1205-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs S C Appelgren
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland. .,CNRS; Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; Department of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology, LBBE UMR 5558, Bâtiment Gregor Mendel, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France. .,Department of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology, LBBE UMR 5558, Bâtiment Gregor Mendel, Université Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France. .,Maladies Infectieuses & Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution & Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier - CNRS - IRD, Centre IRD, 911 avenue, Agropolis, BP 64501, F-34000, Montpellier, France.
| | - Verena Saladin
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Richner
- Evolutionary Ecology Laboratory, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Blandine Doligez
- CNRS; Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon; Université Lyon 1; Department of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology, LBBE UMR 5558, Bâtiment Gregor Mendel, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology, LBBE UMR 5558, Bâtiment Gregor Mendel, Université Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France.,Department of Ecology and Genetics/Animal Ecology, Evolutionary Biology Centre (EBC), University of Uppsala, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karen D McCoy
- Maladies Infectieuses & Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution & Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier - CNRS - IRD, Centre IRD, 911 avenue, Agropolis, BP 64501, F-34000, Montpellier, France
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