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Yamada SM, Harada T, Terada S, Nehashi Y, Mori N. Watershed cerebral infarction in a patient with a persistent primitive trigeminal artery and contralateral internal carotid artery stenosis: A case report. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:2256-2259. [PMID: 38645540 PMCID: PMC11026918 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with a persistent primitive trigeminal artery frequently have a poorly developed vertebrobasilar arterial system. However, they are not at higher risk of stroke and most are asymptomatic. Left cerebral watershed infarction was identified in a 75-year-old man who presented with aphasia and disorientation on magnetic resonance image (MRI). Additional imaging studies also demonstrated a right persistent primitive trigeminal artery, aplastic basilar artery, and 47% left internal carotid artery stenosis. Antiplatelet medication was administered and he was discharged 2 weeks after admission on aspirin. At the 4-month follow-up, cerebral blood flow in the left watershed territory was still decreased; however, no recurrent stroke had occurred. Although the indication for surgical or endovascular intervention for internal carotid artery stenosis is primarily determined by the degree of stenosis, cerebral blood flow evaluation is recommended in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis and a persistent primitive trigeminal artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Merrit Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization (JCHO): Sakuragaoka Hospital, 13-23 Sakuragaoka, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture 424-8601, Japan
| | - Takane Harada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization (JCHO): Sakuragaoka Hospital, 13-23 Sakuragaoka, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture 424-8601, Japan
| | - Shuzo Terada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization (JCHO): Sakuragaoka Hospital, 13-23 Sakuragaoka, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture 424-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nehashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization (JCHO): Sakuragaoka Hospital, 13-23 Sakuragaoka, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture 424-8601, Japan
| | - Noriko Mori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Community Health Care Organization (JCHO): Sakuragaoka Hospital, 13-23 Sakuragaoka, Shimizu-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka Prefecture 424-8601, Japan
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2
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Djillo SC, Wolka K, Tofu DA. Assessing soil erosion and farmers' decision of reducing erosion for sustainable soil and water conservation in Burji woreda, southern Ethiopia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8638. [PMID: 38622205 PMCID: PMC11018797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Inadequate conservation practice affects the sustainable production of agricultural watersheds due to erosion and fertility decline. Understanding soil erosion and implementing site-specific conservation practice could enhance agriculture-based rural development. The study was aimed to document soil erosion problem and soil and water conservation effort. The specific objectives of this study were to assess soil erosion severity, practices to reduce erosion, and determinants of the decision to reduce erosion. Data were collected by interviewing 198 farm household heads, undertaking four focus group discussions, and assessing rill erosion in 10 farm fields in Morayo and Wacho sub-watersheds of southern Ethiopia. Descriptive statistics and binary logit model were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that many of the farm households, 63% in Morayo and 83% in the Wacho sub-watershed, perceived moderate to severe soil erosion, which is characterized by big rills and small gullies on the farmlands. Rill densities of 231.4 m ha-1 and 84.1 m ha-1 in the Morayo and Wacho sub-watersheds were observed, respectively. The estimated annual soil loss due to rills was 61.2 and 23.4 Mg ha-1 in the Morayo and Wacho sub-watersheds, respectively. The soil erosion from rills alone exceeds the expected tolerable soil erosion (11 tons ha-1 year-1). Due to erosion, about 90% of farmers perceived farmland degradation as described by a progressive decline in crop yield. Farmers used to practice traditional techniques to reduce erosion and government introduced conservation measures such as soil and stone bunds. However, many farmers did not use well-promoted conservation measures such as bunds, which could have negative impact on long-term erosion control effort and sustainable implementation of the conservation options. Among the assessed explanatory variables, educational level, farm distance from home, slope of the cultivated land, and frequency of extension contact were significantly affected (p < 0.05) farmers' sustainable use of conservation measures. Development planners and policy makers are advised to consider site-specific and innovative approaches to implement conservation measures in sustainable approach in the smallholder crop-livestock mixed agriculture system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kebede Wolka
- Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resource, Hawassa University, Shashemene, Ethiopia.
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3
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de Castro DG, Lemes da Silva AL, das Neves Lopes M, Freire AS, Leite NK. Effect of urbanization and water quality on microplastic distribution in Conceição Lagoon watershed, Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:28870-28889. [PMID: 38564130 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Urbanization in watersheds leads to the introduction of sources of microplastics and other pollutants in water bodies. However, the effect of urbanization on microplastic pollution and the relationship between microplastics and water quality are not well understood. We assessed the distribution of microplastics in tributaries urbanized, non-urbanized and in the receiving lagoon body of Conceição Lagoon watershed. The results show that urbanization significantly affects water quality but does not differentiate tributaries in terms of microplastic concentrations. Microplastic concentrations were lower in the receiving lagoon body compared with the tributaries, highlighting their importance in microplastic pollution in the studied lagoon. Microplastic concentration was correlated with low N:P ratios in the lagoon and associated with high levels of total phosphorus, which indicate the discharge of effluents. The correlations between microplastic concentration, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen in the lagoon were based on the temporal variations of these variables. Precipitation and wind velocity had influence on microplastic distribution in the watershed. Our findings underscore the importance of evaluating water quality parameters and meteorological variables to comprehend the microplastic distribution at small watersheds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Grijó de Castro
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Laboratory of Continental Water Ecology (LIMNOS), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, S/N, Sala 210, Bloco B, Térreo - Córrego Grande, ZIP: 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Aurea Luiza Lemes da Silva
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Laboratory of Continental Water Ecology (LIMNOS), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, S/N, Sala 210, Bloco B, Térreo - Córrego Grande, ZIP: 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michelle das Neves Lopes
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Laboratory of Continental Water Ecology (LIMNOS), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, S/N, Sala 203, Bloco B, Térreo - Córrego Grande, ZIP: 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Andrea Santarosa Freire
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Laboratory of Crustaceans and Plankton (LCP), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, S/N, Sala 210, Bloco B, Térreo - Córrego Grande, ZIP: 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Nei Kavaguichi Leite
- Department of Ecology and Zoology, Laboratory of Continental Water Ecology (LIMNOS), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, S/N, Sala 210, Bloco B, Térreo - Córrego Grande, ZIP: 88.040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
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4
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Kumar Y, Garg P, Moudgil MR, Singh R, Woźniak M, Shafi J, Ijaz MF. Enhancing parasitic organism detection in microscopy images through deep learning and fine-tuned optimizer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5753. [PMID: 38459096 PMCID: PMC10923792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Parasitic organisms pose a major global health threat, mainly in regions that lack advanced medical facilities. Early and accurate detection of parasitic organisms is vital to saving lives. Deep learning models have uplifted the medical sector by providing promising results in diagnosing, detecting, and classifying diseases. This paper explores the role of deep learning techniques in detecting and classifying various parasitic organisms. The research works on a dataset consisting of 34,298 samples of parasites such as Toxoplasma Gondii, Trypanosome, Plasmodium, Leishmania, Babesia, and Trichomonad along with host cells like red blood cells and white blood cells. These images are initially converted from RGB to grayscale followed by the computation of morphological features such as perimeter, height, area, and width. Later, Otsu thresholding and watershed techniques are applied to differentiate foreground from background and create markers on the images for the identification of regions of interest. Deep transfer learning models such as VGG19, InceptionV3, ResNet50V2, ResNet152V2, EfficientNetB3, EfficientNetB0, MobileNetV2, Xception, DenseNet169, and a hybrid model, InceptionResNetV2, are employed. The parameters of these models are fine-tuned using three optimizers: SGD, RMSprop, and Adam. Experimental results reveal that when RMSprop is applied, VGG19, InceptionV3, and EfficientNetB0 achieve the highest accuracy of 99.1% with a loss of 0.09. Similarly, using the SGD optimizer, InceptionV3 performs exceptionally well, achieving the highest accuracy of 99.91% with a loss of 0.98. Finally, applying the Adam optimizer, InceptionResNetV2 excels, achieving the highest accuracy of 99.96% with a loss of 0.13, outperforming other optimizers. The findings of this research signify that using deep learning models coupled with image processing methods generates a highly accurate and efficient way to detect and classify parasitic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Kumar
- Department of CSE, School of Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pertik Garg
- Department of CSE, Swami Vivekanand Institute of Engineering and Technology, Ramnagar, India
| | - Manu Raj Moudgil
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Bhai Gurdas Institute of Engineering & Technology, Sangrur, Punjab, India
| | - Rupinder Singh
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Marcin Woźniak
- Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, Kaszubska 23, 44100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Jana Shafi
- Department of Computer Engineering and Information, College of Engineering in Wadi Al Dawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11991, Wadi Al Dawasir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Fazal Ijaz
- School of IT and Engineering, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, 3000, Australia.
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Venkatakrishna SSB, Sharma P, Tierradentro-Garcia LO, Elsingergy M, Worede F, Curic J, Alves CAP, Andronikou S. Frequency of Cerebellar Abnormalities Associated With the Differing Magnetic Resonance Imaging Patterns of Term Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury in Children. Pediatr Neurol 2024; 152:73-78. [PMID: 38232653 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to determine the frequency of cerebellar injury using delayed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with cerebral palsy, diagnosed with term hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII), and to characterize this for the different MRI patterns of HII. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed delayed MRI scans in children with cerebral palsy, of whom 1175 had term HII. The pattern of HII was classified into basal ganglia-thalamus (BGT) pattern, watershed (WS) pattern, combined BGT/WS, and multicystic HII. Cerebellar location (hemisphere versus vermis) and the MRI characteristics were documented overall and for each of the different patterns of HII, as well as the association with thalamic injury. RESULTS Cerebellar injury was found in 252 of 1175 (21.4%) (median age 6 years [interquartile range: 3 to 9 years]). Of these, 49% (124 of 252) were associated with a BGT pattern, 13% (32 of 252) with a WS pattern, 28% (72 of 252) with a combined BGT/WS pattern, and 10% (24 of 252) with a multicystic pattern. The vermis was abnormal in 83% (209 of 252), and the hemispheres were abnormal in 34% (86 of 252) (with 17% [43 of 252] showing both vermis and hemispheric abnormality). CONCLUSIONS Over a fifth of patients with cerebral palsy due to HII had a cerebellar abnormality on delayed MRI, most commonly involving the vermis (83%), and as part of a BGT pattern of injury in just under half of these likely reflecting the association of cerebellar vermis injury with profound insults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Parth Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Mohamed Elsingergy
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fikadu Worede
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jelena Curic
- Graduate MBA Program, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cesar Augusto P Alves
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Savvas Andronikou
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Ayesu S, Agbyenyaga O, Barnes VR, Asante RK. Community perception to pay for conservation of Barekese and Owabi watersheds in Ghana. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25885. [PMID: 38370201 PMCID: PMC10869872 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
There is growing concern globally to conserve natural systems including watersheds due to increasing forest degradation and deforestation. The Barekese and Owabi watersheds provide several ecosystem services to communities, health facilities and industries. The watersheds are found in a rapidly degrading environment due to increasing anthropogenic activities. This paper addressed the neglected, but critical, question of the importance of watershed ecosystem services. The objective of the study was to determine willingness of households in downstream communities to pay for watershed conservation and the drivers of WTP. Households were willing to pay a mean of $1.5 ± 0.2 additional on their monthly water bills. Quotations for Willingness to pay varied from as low as $0.02 to as high as $ 20.58 per month. Age, household size and years of residence were significantly related with willingness to pay, amount to pay and reasons for protest bids. The younger generations and women were ready to pay extra amount for watershed management. The results indicated that downstream communities are willing to support conservation and that demographic factors influence the amount people are willing to pay. The concept of WTP is useful and applicable to conservation of watersheds in the tropics through the design and implementation of PES schemes. It also provides important information for conservation and development policies related to watershed management in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ayesu
- Resource Management Support Centre, Forestry Commission, Ghana
| | - Olivia Agbyenyaga
- Department of Agroforestry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
| | - Victor Rex Barnes
- Department of Agroforestry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Ghana
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Schürings C, Kail J, Kaijser W, Hering D. Effects of agriculture on river biota differ between crop types and organism groups. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168825. [PMID: 38029990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
While the general effects of agricultural land use on riverine biota are well documented, the differential effects of specific crop types on different riverine organism groups, remain largely unexplored. Here we used recently published land use data distinguishing between specific crop types and a Germany-wide dataset of 7748 sites on the ecological status of macroinvertebrates, macrophytes and diatoms and applied generalized linear mixed models to unravel the associations between land use types, crop types, and the ecological status. For all organism groups, associations of specific crop types with biota were stronger than those of urban land use. For macroinvertebrates and macrophytes, strong negative associations were found for pesticide intensive permanent crops, while intensively fertilized crops (maize, intensive cereals) affected diatoms most. These differential associations highlight the importance of distinguishing between crop types and organism groups and the urgency to buffer rivers against agricultural stressors at the catchment scales and to expand sustainably managed agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schürings
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany.
| | - Jochem Kail
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Willem Kaijser
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hering
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany; Centre for Water and Environmental Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, D-45141 Essen, Germany
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8
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Li J, Liu S, Chen J, Zhao Y, Abebe SA, Dong B, Wang W, Qin T. Response of stream water quality to the vegetation patterns on arid slope: a case study of Huangshui River basin. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:9167-9182. [PMID: 38183544 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31759-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Vegetation patterns on slopes strongly affect the water cycle processes in a basin, especially the water yield and confluence in arid areas. Quantifying and evaluating the effects of hydrological change on the migration and transformation of pollutants are challenging. Based on 4-year stream water quality data of 13 monitoring sites in the Huangshui River basin, a typical arid watershed of the Chinese Loess Plateau, the redundancy analysis (RDA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis tools were used to quantify its relationship with vegetation patterns. In the study, land use and the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) were used as a metric of vegetation patterns; accordingly, the 13 catchments were divided into three groups via the cluster analysis, including large (over 80%), medium (70 ~ 80%), and small (below 70%) proportion vegetation patterns (LVP, MVP, SVP). The results of the LVP group showed that vegetation patterns negatively affected the contamination of total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), permanganate index (CODMn), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) in the stream water, and the contribution rates were - 0.57. While the proportion of urban area positively correlated with stream water quality in the groups of MVP and SVP, the contribution rates were 0.46 and 0.36, respectively. Moreover, the precipitation in the groups of MVP and SVP negatively correlated with pollutants (- 0.24 and - 0.26). Those results revealed the response of stream water quality to vegetation patterns on the slope with the consideration of precipitation, land use, and socio-economic factors for the regional water and land resource allocation. This study has important management implications for vegetation patterns on slope of fragile ecosystems in arid areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Yellow River Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sintayehu A Abebe
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
- Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Department, Debre Markos University Institute of Technology, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Biqiong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tianling Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, China.
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Ahmad WS, Kaloop MR, Jamal S, Taqi M, Hu JW, Abd El-Hamid H. An analysis of LULC changes for understanding the impact of anthropogenic activities on food security: a case study of Dudhganga watershed, India. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 196:105. [PMID: 38158499 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Although the Dudhganga watershed is the primary water and food resource of the Kashmir Valley, it has undergone significant changes in food resources and strategies due to rampant urbanization in the area over the past 20 years. This urbanization has had a profound impact on the watershed and has also affected land use and land cover (LULC) patterns and environmental changes. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of urban development on food security parameters in the Dudhganga watershed area, India, from 2000 to 2020, by evaluating LULC changes. Additionally, the study aims to examine the relationship between climate changes and LULC indices, such as the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI). The results indicate a 21.66% increase in barren areas, at the expense of snow-covered lands, during the 2000-2020 period. The primary land cover transition observed is towards barren areas. The predictions for LULC in 2030 highlight the need for careful management of land use and climate changes in the study area. This study can assist local government officials in reassessing food strategies by identifying areas where urban expansion should be controlled and climate impacts minimized, to prevent local hunger and ecological degradation. Therefore, the development of systematic urban planning approaches and mitigation of climate change sources are crucial. Furthermore, the adoption of advanced agricultural technology should be considered to mitigate the impact of urban expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mosbeh R Kaloop
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Incheon Disaster Prevention Research Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
- Public Works Engineering Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Digital InnoCent Ltd., London, United Kingdom
| | - Saleha Jamal
- Department of Geography, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Taqi
- Department of Geography, University of Ladakh, Ladakh, India
| | - Jong Wan Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
- Incheon Disaster Prevention Research Center, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea.
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10
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Dile YT, Bayabil HK, Ayana EK, Worqlul AW, Srinivasan R, Lefore N, Berihun ML. Evaluating the effects of DEM and soil data resolution on streamflow and sediment yield simulations in the Upper Blue Nile basin. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 196:71. [PMID: 38127159 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
While the availability of "big data" on biophysical parameters through citizen science and/or from public/private sources is expected to help in addressing data scarcity issues, there is little understanding of whether and/or how such data will improve watershed simulations. This research aimed to evaluate whether improvements in resolutions of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and soil data will enhance streamflow and sediment yield simulations and thereby improve soil and water management decisions. The study was conducted in two different-sized watersheds (Anjeni and Gilgel Abay with ~ 1 km2 and ~ 1655 km2 area, respectively) in the Upper Blue Nile basin in Ethiopia. Effects of DEM and soil data resolutions on streamflow and sediment yield were evaluated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The results showed that the effect of DEM and soil data resolution on streamflow and sediment yield simulation was scale dependent finer resolution DEM and soil datasets improved streamflow and sediment yield simulations in the smaller Anjeni watershed, whereas DEM resolution had no effect in the bigger Gilgel Abay watershed. Small watersheds are often used to understand watershed processes, and thus the use of finer-resolution spatial data for watershed simulations could result in better results. Findings from the smaller Anjeni watershed suggested that the combined use of finer resolution DEM and soil data could potentially improve sediment yield simulations although the lack of observed sediment yield data did not allow verification of this at the larger Gilgel Abay watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihun T Dile
- Spatial Sciences Laboratory in the Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, Texas A&M University, 534 John Kimbrough Blvd., Room 305, College Station, TX, 77843-2120, USA
| | - Haimanote K Bayabil
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA.
| | - Essayas K Ayana
- California Department of Water Resources, 715 P Street, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Abeyou W Worqlul
- Backland Research and Extension Center, Texas A&M University, 720 East Backland Road, Temple, TX, 76502, USA
| | - Raghavan Srinivasan
- Spatial Sciences Laboratory in the Department of Ecosystem Sciences and Management, Texas A&M University, 534 John Kimbrough Blvd., Room 305, College Station, TX, 77843-2120, USA
| | - Nicole Lefore
- The Norman Borlaug Institute for International Agriculture, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 578 John Kimbrough Blvd, College Station, TX, 77840, USA
| | - Mulatu Liyew Berihun
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Tropical Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Homestead, FL, 33031, USA
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11
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Harrow-Lyle TJ, Lam WY, Emilson EJS, Mackereth RW, Mitchell CPJ, Melles SJ. Watershed characteristics and chemical properties govern methyl mercury concentrations within headwater streams of boreal forests in Ontario, Canada. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118526. [PMID: 37418824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Methyl mercury (MeHg) concentrations in boreal headwater streams are influenced by complex natural processes and disturbances such as forestry management. Understanding drivers of MeHg within boreal streams in Ontario, Canada, is of particular interest as there are legacy MeHg concerns. However, models accounting for the complexity of underlying processes have not yet been developed. We assessed how catchment characteristics and stream water chemistry influence MeHg concentrations within 19 watersheds of the Dryden - Wabigoon Forest in Ontario, Canada, using a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. Despite the study area encompassing a large variation of boreal forest watersheds in the Canadian Shield, our SEM had substantial explanatory power across the region (χ251 = 45.37, p-value = 0.70, R2 = 0.75). Nitrate concentrations (p-value <0.001), water temperature (p-value = 0.002), and the latent watershed characteristic (p-value <0.001) had a positive influence on MeHg concentrations once variable interactions were accounted. Due to the inherent strengths of applying an SEM approach, we describe two plausible pathways driving MeHg concentrations: 1) indirect effect of forest-derived nutrients increases in-situ MeHg production in Dryden - Wabigoon Forest streams, and 2) direct supply of MeHg from inundated soils following consistent precipitation and inundation events (i.e., fill, sit, and spill).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Harrow-Lyle
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 43 Gerrard St, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K, Canada.
| | - Wai Ying Lam
- University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Erik J S Emilson
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street E., Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, P6A 2E5, Canada.
| | - Robert W Mackereth
- Ministry Natural Resources and Forestry, 421 James St., Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7E 2V6, Canada.
| | - Carl P J Mitchell
- University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Stephanie J Melles
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, 43 Gerrard St, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K, Canada.
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12
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Arora P, Tewary S, Krishnamurthi S, Kumari N. An experimental setup and segmentation method for CFU counting on agar plate for the assessment of drinking water. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 214:106829. [PMID: 37797659 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of bacterial colonies on an agar plate is a daily routine for a microbiologist to determine the number of viable microorganisms in the sample. In general, microbiologists perform a visual assessment of bacterial colonies which is time-consuming (takes 2 min per plate), tedious, and subjective. Some automatic counting algorithms are developed that save labour and time, but their results are affected by the non-illumination on an agar plate. To improve this, the present manuscript aims to develop an inexpensive and efficient device to acquire S.aureus images via an automatic counting method using image processing techniques under real laboratory conditions. The proposed method (P_ColonyCount) includes the region of interest extraction and color space transformation followed by filtering, thresholding, morphological operation, distance transform, and watershed technique for the quantification of isolated and overlapping colonies. The present work also shows a comparative study on grayscale, K, and green channels by applying different filter and thresholding techniques on 42 images. The results of all channels were compared with the score provided by the expert (manual count). Out of all the proposed method (P_ColonyCount), the K channel gives the best outcome in comparison with the other two channels (grayscale and green) in terms of precision, recall, and F-measure which are 0.99, 0.99, and 0.99 (2 h), 0.98, 0.99, and 0.98 (4 h), and 0.98, 0.98, 0.98 (6 h) respectively. The execution time of the manual and the proposed method (P_ColonyCount) for 42 images ranges from 19 to 113 s and 15 to 31 s respectively. Apart from this, a user-friendly graphical user interface is also developed for the convenient enumeration of colonies without any expert knowledge/training. The developed imaging device will be useful for researchers and teaching lab settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Arora
- Thin Film Coating Facility/Materials Science and Sensor Applications, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Suman Tewary
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Advanced Materials and Processes, CSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory (CSIR-NML), Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Srinivasan Krishnamurthi
- MTCC-Gene bank, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR-IMTECH), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160039, India
| | - Neelam Kumari
- Thin Film Coating Facility/Materials Science and Sensor Applications, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Sector 30-C, Chandigarh 160030, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Gomes PR, Pestana IA, de Almeida MG, de Rezende CE. The Paraíba do Sul River Basin and its coastal area as a study model of the mercury cycle: A meta-analytical review of three decades of research. J Hazard Mater 2023; 460:132442. [PMID: 37683351 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The Paraíba do Sul River (PSR) Basin is a crucial drainage basin in Southeast Brazil, being the most industrialized and densely populated region in the country. Over the last three decades, the basin has been the subject of numerous studies due to its long history of mercury (Hg) contamination. This makes the PSR Basin an excellent model to evaluate Hg cycling, which is a priority for signatory countries of the Minamata Convention, which includes Brazil. This review compiled data on Hg from five environmental compartments (animals, plants, sediment, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and water), three different sectors (upper, middle, and lower) and five different ecosystems (reservoir, mangrove, fluvial, estuarine, and coastal) from 60 published studies, aiming to understand the Hg cycling through meta-analyses. The highest concentrations of Hg were observed in the upper and middle sectors of the basin, which are areas with high industrialization and urbanization levels. Among the evaluated ecosystems, hydropower reservoirs showed the highest medians and were also frequent in the upper and middle portions of the PSR basin. Over the years, all environmental compartments showed a decline in Hg concentrations due to the implementation of federal and state environmental policies. The main source of Hg for the basin was Hg-rich soils from past activities (such as artisanal small-scale gold mining and the use of organomercurial fungicides in sugarcane plantations). These results can assist decision-makers in the management of the basin's ecosystems and can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of implementing the Minamata Convention in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipe Ribeiro Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia - CEP: 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Inácio Abreu Pestana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia - CEP: 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes de Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia - CEP: 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Rezende
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000 - Parque Califórnia - CEP: 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Yang J, Du C, Jin X, Lu H, Chan Q, Zhang J, Ma H, Zeng H, Li S. Optimization framework of sediment phosphate oxygen isotope pretreatment method based on large-scale application: A case study of Fuyang River basin. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20607. [PMID: 37817992 PMCID: PMC10560834 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate oxygen isotope (δ18OP) technique is an effective tool to identify the source and transformation process of phosphorus. The poor applicability of existing δ18OP pretreatment methods for sediments hindered the large-scale application of δ18OP technology. This paper presents an optimization framework for the pretreatment of sediment δ18OP samples based on large-scale applications, using the Fuyang River Basin as a case study. The typical channel landscape outflow lake, South Lake, was selected as the most favorable point for assessing the applicability and optimizing the mainstream δ18OP pretreatment method, which was achieved by clarifying the sediment environmental characteristics of South Lake. To evaluate the suitability of the Blake and McLaughlin methods in South Lake, a comparative study was carried out based on five dimensions: phosphorus recovery rate, removal efficiency of organic matter, removal efficiency of extraction liquid impurity ion, experimental time, and reagent consumption cost. The findings demonstrated that the Blake method outperformed the McLaughlin method across all five dimensions. Based on the environmental characteristics of the sediments of South Lake, the Blake method was optimized from two perspectives, namely the substitution of reagents and adjustment and optimization of experimental procedures. This resulted in an enhancement of phosphorus recovery and organic matter removal efficiency, while also reducing the experimental time required. The optimized method also yielded satisfactory results when applied to the entire watershed. This research paper can thus offer valuable technical support for the widespread application of sediment δ18OP technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Ecological Remediation, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Water Conservancy, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Chengyu Du
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China
| | - Xin Jin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Ecological Remediation, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
- State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Science, Chinese Academy of Science, P. O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Hengtong Lu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China
| | - Qingqing Chan
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China
| | - Hailong Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China
| | - Huiying Zeng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China
| | - Simin Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056038, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Ecological Remediation, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038, China
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15
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Hu W, Wu Z, Mu Y, Liu Z, Chen W. Evaluation of the upper lakes of the Erhai watershed in China based on water quality, land cover, and macrobenthic invertebrates. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:104169-104180. [PMID: 37698793 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three lakes, Cibi Hu, Haixi Hai, and Xi Hu, in the upper reaches of the main inflow rivers in the northern part of Erhai Lake were selected as the research objects. Based on the water environment monitoring indicators, land cover data, and lake macrobenthic community observation data, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, spatial analysis and community structure analysis were used to quantitatively assess the water environment and ecological status of the lakes. Using the Pollution Tolerance Index (PTI), the potential utility of macroinvertebrate communities as indicators of water ecological quality was investigated. The results showed that Cibi Hu and Haixi Hai have similar characteristics on water environmental quality. The physical and chemical indexes of water quality, the land cover of the lake catchment area, and the PTI index of the benthic community showed that Xi Hu was the most affected by human disturbance; the water ecological condition was the worst; and the environmental protection pressure was the greatest. In general, PTI analysis based on benthic fauna is convenient and can reflect the basic conditions of the aquatic benthic environment keenly, which is worthy of promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxian Hu
- Erhai Watershed Ecological Environment Quality Testing Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Erhai Research Institute, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Dali, China
| | - Zhangbing Wu
- College of resources and environment, Baoshan University, Baoshan, China
- Yunnan Wenbai Consulting Co., Ltd., Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Mu
- Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Zhoujiang Liu
- Erhai Watershed Ecological Environment Quality Testing Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Provincial Universities, Erhai Research Institute, West Yunnan University of Applied Sciences, Dali, China
| | - Wenhua Chen
- College of resources and environment, Baoshan University, Baoshan, China.
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16
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Admasu S, Yeshitela K, Argaw M. Planning for ecosystem services compensation in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023. [PMID: 37609684 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The rapid deterioration of the upper Akaki catchment natural environment has led to an increasing impact not only on the watershed ecosystem but also the livelihood and the general well-being of the local community. As a result, the water supply is becoming a problem for Addis Ababa and its surrounding residents. This may lead to a greater willingness to pay and cooperate in initiatives to protect the watersheds. Therefore, a market-based instrument and participatory arrangements are critical for resolving socioecological problems. This research aimed to demonstrate a need for an incentive-based watershed conservation approach that can be used to support nature conservation through long-term financial investments in the central watersheds and elsewhere. To support the market-based intervention, sealable ecosystem services and cost-benefit analysis, as well as relevant stakeholders, institutions, and legal frameworks, were assessed. The prime factors for designing market-based approaches to halt biodiversity loss and reversing ecological processes are discussed. A domestic water tariff increase of ETB 1 per m3 (US$ 0.08) could raise approximately US$ 3.24 million annually for watershed management, which could compensate smallholder farmers' annual opportunity costs for crop and livestock forage loss. Furthermore, the practice could help to abate biodiversity loss, improve the local economy, and accelerate the implementation of global biodiversity targets. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;00:1-10. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeneh Admasu
- EiABC/Environmental Planning Program Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- GIZ/GFA Consulting Group, Biodiversity and Forestry Program in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kumelachew Yeshitela
- EiABC/Environmental Planning Program Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mekuria Argaw
- College of Natural Science, Center for Environmental Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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17
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Davalos JCQ, Michaud MA, Lowe LE, Hanson EN, Gaulke EP, Owens JE. Dataset of surveyed PFAS in water, sediment, and soil of Fountain Creek Watershed, Colorado, USA. Data Brief 2023; 49:109280. [PMID: 37600128 PMCID: PMC10439269 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread and highly persistent organic chemicals with adverse health effects. The US Environmental Protection Agency has issued health advisory limits of 70 ng/L for aqueous concentrations of PFOA + PFOS. In the Colorado Springs, Colorado (USA), metro area, the Widefield Aquifer (groundwater) and Fountain Creek Watershed (surface water) have been contaminated by PFAS from aqueous film-forming foams. Here we present the concentrations of selected linear and branched isomers of legacy PFAS found in surface water (n = 95), soil (n = 83), and sediment (n = 34) samples collected from several creeks of the Fountain Creek Watershed. Collected samples were prepared for high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) analysis via liquid/liquid extraction and/or solid phase extraction (SPE). This dataset includes the geographic locations of sampled creeks, LC/MS/MS instrumental conditions, method verification data including percent recovery to assess method accuracy and background contamination of PFAS in laboratory reagents and supplies, and determined concentrations of PFAS in water, soil, and sediment samples. These locations were surveyed monthly for a full year and provide a rich dataset to assess influence of sampling location, temporal variability in concentration, and overall contaminant persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Caleb Quezada Davalos
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States
- Fountain-Fort Carson High School, 900 Jimmy Camp Rd, Fountain, CO 80917, United States
| | - Michael A. Michaud
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States
- Ultradent Products, Inc., 505 W 10200 S, South Jordan, UT 84095, United States
| | - Luis E. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States
| | - Emily N. Hanson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States
| | - Eric P. Gaulke
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States
- Compounder's International Analytical Laboratory, 4760 Castleton Way Suite A, Castle Rock, CO 80109, United States
| | - Janel E. Owens
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, United States
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Kurki-Fox JJ, Doll BA, Monteleone B, West K, Putnam G, Kelleher L, Krause S, Schneidewind U. Microplastic distribution and characteristics across a large river basin: Insights from the Neuse River in North Carolina, USA. Sci Total Environ 2023; 878:162940. [PMID: 36934929 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
While microplastics (MP) have been found in aquatic ecosystems around the world, the understanding of drivers and controls of their occurrence and distribution have yet to be determined. In particular, their fate and transport in river catchments and networks are still poorly understood. We identified MP concentrations in water and streambed sediment at fifteen locations across the Neuse River Basin in North Carolina, USA. Water samples were collected with two different mesh sizes, a trawl net (>335 μm) and a 64 μm sieve used to filter bailing water samples. MPs >335 μm were found in all the water samples with concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 221 particles per m3 (p m-3) with a median of 0.44 p m-3. The highest concentrations were observed in urban streams and there was a significant correlation between streamflow and MP concentration in the most urbanized locations. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis indicated that for MPs >335 μm the three most common polymer types were polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. There were substantially more MP particles observed when samples were analyzed using a smaller mesh size (>64 μm), with concentrations ranging from 20 to 130 p m-3 and the most common polymer type being polyethylene terephthalate as identified by Raman spectroscopy. The ratio of MP concentrations (64 μm to 335 μm) ranged from 35 to 375, indicating the 335 μm mesh substantially underestimates MPs relative to the 64 μm mesh. MPs were detected in 14/15 sediment samples. Sediment and water column concentrations were not correlated. We estimate MP (>64 μm) loading from the Neuse River watershed to be 230 billion particles per year. The findings of this study help to better understand how MPs are spatially distributed and transported through a river basin and how MP concentrations are impacted by land cover, hydrology, and sampling method.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jack Kurki-Fox
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Barbara A Doll
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; North Carolina Sea Grant, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Kayla West
- Plastic Ocean Project, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Gloria Putnam
- North Carolina Sea Grant, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Liam Kelleher
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stefan Krause
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; LEHNA - Laboratoire d'ecologie des hydrosystemes naturels et anthropises, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Uwe Schneidewind
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Bolick MM, Post CJ, Naser MZ, Mikhailova EA. Comparison of machine learning algorithms to predict dissolved oxygen in an urban stream. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27481-5. [PMID: 37266780 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Water quality monitoring for urban watersheds is critical to identify the negative urbanization impacts. This study sought to identify a successful predictive machine learning model with minimal parameters from easy-to-deploy, low-cost sensors to create a monitoring system for the urban stream network, Hunnicutt Creek, in Clemson, SC, USA. A multiple linear regression model was compared to machine learning algorithms k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, random forest, and gradient boosting. These algorithms were evaluated to understand which best predicted dissolved oxygen (DO) from water temperature, conductivity, turbidity, and water level change at four locations along the urban stream. The random forest algorithm had the highest performance in predicting DO for all four sites, with Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) scores > 0.9 at three sites and > 0.598 at the fourth site. The random forest model was further examined using explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) and found that temperature influenced the DO predictions for three of the four sites, but there were different water quality interactions depending on site location. Calculating the land cover type in each site's sub-watershed revealed that different amounts of impervious surface and vegetation influenced water quality and the resulting DO predictions. Overall, machine learning combined with land cover data helps decision-makers better understand the nuances of urban watersheds and the relationships between urban land cover and water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine M Bolick
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Christopher J Post
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Mohannad-Zeyad Naser
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Elena A Mikhailova
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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Zhou X, Peng W, Guo Y, Chen P, Ren Q, Feng X, Wu P, Huang Q. Relationships between urban expansion and socioenvironmental indicators across multiple scales of watersheds: a case study among watersheds running through China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27639-1. [PMID: 37222896 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relationships between urban expansion and social/environmental features is fundamental to managing watershed and urban expansion. However, such relationships remain unclear, especially across multiple scales of watersheds. Here, we quantified the correlation between urban expansion measures and 255 socioenvironmental indicators across three scales of watersheds running through China (20, 103, and 349 watersheds) during 1992-2016 and analyzed their scaling relations. The results showed that the number of indicators showing a significant correlation with the area and speed of urban expansion increased from 132 and 153 to 234 and 237, respectively, from level 1 to level 3 watersheds. Among these indicators, urban expansion was significantly correlated with indicators of climate and anthropogenic impact. From a large scale (level 1 watershed) to a small scale (level 3 watershed), 104 and 84 socioenvironmental indicators shifted from uncorrelated to significantly correlated with urban expansion area and speed. The constraint line analysis further confirmed that some relationships were nonlinear, which suggested that the drivers and impacts of urban expansion have scaling effects. We argue that it is crucial to consider the scaling effects of urban expansion when we formulate urban or watershed management plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wenshuo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yichen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Peiyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of International Affairs and Public Administration, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xingyun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Pengxin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qingxu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology (ESPRE), Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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21
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Wiwoho BS, Astuti IS, Purwanto P, Deffinika I, Alfarizi IAG, Sucahyo HR, Gusti R, Herwanto MT, Herlambang GA. Assessing long-term rainfall trends and changes in a tropical watershed Brantas, Indonesia: an approach for quantifying the agreement among satellite-based rainfall data, ground rainfall data, and small-scale farmers questionnaires. Nat Hazards (Dordr) 2023; 117:1-28. [PMID: 37360798 PMCID: PMC10171729 DOI: 10.1007/s11069-023-05969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The agreement between meteorological data and societal perception is essential in supporting a robust policy making and its implementation. In humid tropic watersheds like Brantas, such consensus is important for water resources management and policies. This study exemplifies an effort to understand the long-term rainfall characteristics within the watershed and to build a common link among the differing data sources: CHIRPS rainfall satellite data, rain gauge data, and farmers perceptions. Six rainfall characteristics were derived using statistical measures from the scientific data and then were translated to a series of structured questionnaires given to small-scale farmers. A consensus matrix was built to examine the level of agreement among three data sources, supporting the spatial pattern of the meteorological data and farmers perception. Two rainfall attributes were classified with high agreement, four with moderate and one with low agreement. The agreements and discrepancies of rainfall characteristics were found in the study area. The discrepancies originated from the accuracy in translating scientific measurements to practical meanings for farmers, complexity of the farming system, the nature of phenomena in questions, and farmers' ability to record long-term climatic events. This study shows an implication that a combined approach to link scientific data and societal data is needed to support powerful climate policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ike Sari Astuti
- Department of Geography, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145 Indonesia
| | - Purwanto Purwanto
- Department of Geography, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145 Indonesia
| | - Ifan Deffinika
- Department of Geography, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 65145 Indonesia
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22
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Forrest SA, Vermaire JC. Spatial distribution of microplastics in a large watershed: a case study of the Ottawa River watershed. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:645. [PMID: 37150787 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11277-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
River water was sampled at 105 locations in the Ottawa River watershed and analysed for microplastics. Sampling techniques were standardised and replicated at each sample location to give an indication of the spatial extent of microplastics at the watershed scale. Microplastic concentrations remained largely uniform, with no clear accumulation of microplastics towards the lower reaches of the watershed. An ANCOVA analysis determined that the only significant relationships to microplastic concentration were distance downstream on the main channel and tributaries and an increase of microplastic concentrations at boat launch locations. However, these relationships were not strong (R2 value of 0.15) and suggest a more complex interaction of microplastics in large watersheds. It is recommended that further research on microplastic pollution in rivers needs to also focus on temporal factors in addition to considering sinks as an important element in the distribution of microplastics at the watershed scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Forrest
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Jesse C Vermaire
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
- Institute of Environmental Science, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
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23
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Asmare TK, Abayneh B, Yigzaw M, Birhan TA. The effect of land use type on selected soil physicochemical properties in Shihatig watershed, Dabat district, Northwest Ethiopia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16038. [PMID: 37215789 PMCID: PMC10195910 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Different land use practices have a substantial influence on soil quality. An inappropriate land use system in Ethiopia leads to extensive deforestation which aggravates the loss of soil fertility. Even though there are various studies conducted on the effect of land use type on soil physicochemical properties, it is inadequate in the northern highlands of Ethiopia, in particular in the Dabat district. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effect of land use type and soil depth on selected soil physicochemical properties in the Shihatig watershed, Northwest Ethiopia. A total of 24 undisturbed core and disturbed composite soil samples were collected from the four land use types (natural forest, grazing, cultivated, and Eucalyptus lands) and two depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) with three replications. The physicochemical properties of the soil were determined using standard operating procedures. The two-way analysis of variances was conducted using SAS software, Version 9.4. The result showed that the texture and soil organic carbon were affected by land use type, soil depth, and the interaction of the two factors; while bulk density, soil moisture content, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, and level of Mg2+ were significantly affected by both land use and soil depth, whereas pH and electrical conductivity were affected by only the land use type. The highest clay, pH, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) were recorded in the natural forest land, while the lowest values of the same parameters were found under cultivated land. The mean values of most of the soil properties were low in the cultivated and Eucalyptus lands. Therefore, adopting sustainable cropping systems such as crop rotation and the addition of organic manure, and minimizing planting the Eucalyptus tree is vital to improve the existing soil quality and enhance crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tigist Kibret Asmare
- Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Befkadu Abayneh
- Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Melese Yigzaw
- Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tsegaye Adane Birhan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Ethiopia
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24
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Andualem ZA, Meshesha DT, Hassen EE. Impacts of watershed management on land use/cover changes and landscape greenness in Yezat Watershed, North West, Ethiopia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:64377-64398. [PMID: 37067710 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In Ethiopia, watershed management interventions have been implemented since the 1980s to curve land degradation and improve the agricultural productivity of smallholder farmers. However, little effort has been made to investigate the impacts of watershed management on land use/cover changes and landscape greenness. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the long-term impacts of watershed management on land use/cover changes and landscape greenness in the Yezat watershed. Landsat images for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2021 were employed and analyzed to produce maps of the respective years using GIS and remote sensing techniques. Data from satellite images, coupled with field observation and the socio-economic survey, revealed an effective approach for analyzing the extent, rate, and spatial patterns of land use/cover changes. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was also employed to detect vegetation greenness. The results of the study show that between 1990 and 2021, the built-up area, plantation, natural forest, shrubland, and grasslands were increased by + 254 ha, + 712.3 ha, 196.3 ha, + 1070.8, and + 425.3 ha respectively due to watershed management interventions. Conversely, cultivated land was decreased with a rate of - 2658.7 ha, in the study area. However, the reverse is true between 1990 and 2000 due to large-scale land degradation. Besides, the result of the study also shows that a low landscape greenness value (- 0.11) was observed between 1990 and 2000, and a high landscape greenness value (+ 0.2) was observed between 1990 and 2021. The observed change in landscape greenness in the watershed was due to the change in shrubland (+ 1070.8 ha), grassland (+ 425.3 ha), plantation (+ 712.3 ha), and forestland (+ 196.3 ha) covers between 1990 and 2021 years. Such observed changes in land use land covers, landscape greenness, and cultivated land in the study watershed have important implications for the improvement of soil moisture, soil fertility, biodiversity, groundwater recharge, carbon sequestration, soil erosion land, crop yield, and ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemenu Awoke Andualem
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
- Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gambella University, Gambella, Ethiopia.
| | - Derege Tsegaye Meshesha
- Department of Natural Resource Management, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Ebrahim Esa Hassen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Qiu Y, Zhou S, Qin W, Zhang C, Lv C, Zou M. Effects of land use on the distribution of soil microplastics in the Lihe River watershed, China. Chemosphere 2023; 324:138292. [PMID: 36870618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by microplastics (MPs) has gained widespread attention, whose fate may be influenced by land use types. The effects of land use types and the intensity of human activities on the distribution and sources of soil MPs at the watershed scale are unclear. In this study, 62 surface soil sites in representing five land use types (urban, tea garden, dryland, paddy field and woodland) and 8 freshwater sediment sites were investigated in the Lihe River watershed. MPs were detected in all samples, and the average abundance of soil and sediments was 401.85 ± 214.02 and 222.13 ± 54.66 items/kg, respectively. The soil MPs abundance followed the sequence: urban > paddy field > dryland > tea garden > woodland. Soil MP distribution and MP communities were significant different (p < 0.05) among land use types. The similarity of MP community highly correlated with geographic distance, and woodlands and freshwater sediments may be a potential fate for MPs in the Lihe River watershed. Soil clay, pH, and bulk density significantly correlated with MP abundance and fragment shape (p < 0.05). The positive correlation between population density, Total- Point of Interest (POI) and MP diversity indicates the importance of intensity of human activities in exacerbating soil MP pollution (p < 0.001). Plastic waste sources accounted for 65.12%, 58.60%, 48.15% and 25.35% of MPs in urban, tea garden, dryland and paddy field soils, respectively. Differences in the intensity of agricultural activities and cropping patterns were associated with different percentages of mulching film sources in the three types of agricultural soils. This study provides new ideas for the quantitative analysis of soil MP sources in different land use types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Qiu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Shenglu Zhou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China.
| | - Wendong Qin
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chengxiang Lv
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Mengmeng Zou
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Exploitation and Protection, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanjing, 210024, China
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Inoue M, Shimizu M, Okamoto H, Mizuno T, Shimizu S, Imashuku Y, Kitagawa H. An Unexpected Free-Floating Aortic Valve Leaflet Avulsion in the Left Atrium on Transesophageal Echocardiography During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Under Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. CASE (Phila) 2023; 7:129-133. [PMID: 37123634 PMCID: PMC10147544 DOI: 10.1016/j.case.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Aortic valve leaflet avulsion is a rare complication during TAVI. Avulsed leaflet traveled to the LA with ECMO flow and migrated to the aorta. TEE aided in timely management and helped complete the transcatheter intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Inoue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
- Correspondence: Motoi Inoue, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Morihiro Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okamoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Mizuno
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Imashuku
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kitagawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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27
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Mitchell A, Bukvic A, Shao Y, Irish JL, McLaughlin DL. Toward Collaborative Adaptation: Assessing Impacts of Coastal Flooding at the Watershed Scale. Environ Manage 2023; 71:741-754. [PMID: 36507978 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01759-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. Mid-Atlantic coastal region is experiencing higher rates of SLR than the global average, especially in Hampton Roads, Virginia, where this acceleration is primarily driven by land subsidence. The adaptation plans for coastal flooding are generally developed at the municipal level, ignoring the broader spatial implications of flooding outside the individual administrative boundaries. Flood impact assessments at the watershed scale would provide a more holistic perspective on what is needed to synchronize the adaptation efforts between the neighboring administrative units. This paper evaluates flooding impacts from sea level rise (SLR) and storm surge among watersheds in Hampton Roads to identify those most at risk of coastal flooding over different time horizons. It also explores the implications of flooding on the municipalities, the land uses, and land covers throughout this region within the case study watershed. The 2% Annual Exceedance Probability (AEP) storm surge flood hazard data and NOAA's intermediate SLR projections were used to develop flooding scenarios for 2030, 2060, and 2090 and delineate land areas at risk of combined flooding. Findings show that five out of 98 watersheds will substantially increase in inundation, with two intersecting multiple municipalities. They also indicate significant inundation of military, commercial, and industrial land uses and wetland land covers. Flooding will also impact residential land use in urban areas along the Elizabeth River and Hampton city, supporting the need for collaborative adaptation planning on hydrologically influenced spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Mitchell
- Department of Geography, Virginia Tech, 238 Wallace Hall, 295 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Anamaria Bukvic
- Department of Geography, Center for Coastal Studies, Virginia Tech, 207 Wallace Hall, 295 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Yang Shao
- Department of Geography, Center for Coastal Studies, Virginia Tech, 295 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jennifer L Irish
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Center for Coastal Studies, Virginia Tech, 750 Drillfield Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Daniel L McLaughlin
- Department of Forest Resources & Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, 210-C Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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28
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Ahtam B, Solti M, Doo JM, Feldman HA, Vyas R, Zhang F, O'Donnell LJ, Rathi Y, Smith ER, Orbach D, See AP, Grant PE, Lehman LL. Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging Demonstrates White Matter Alterations in Watershed Regions in Children With Moyamoya Without Stroke or Silent Infarct. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 143:89-94. [PMID: 37054515 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moyamoya is a disease with progressive cerebral arterial stenosis leading to stroke and silent infarct. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) studies show that adults with moyamoya have significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) compared with controls, which raises concern for unrecognized white matter injury. Children with moyamoya have significantly lower FA and higher MD in their white matter compared with controls. However, it is unknown which white matter tracts are affected in children with moyamoya. METHODS We present a cohort of 15 children with moyamoya with 24 affected hemispheres without stroke or silent infarct compared with 25 controls. We analyzed dMRI data using unscented Kalman filter tractography and extracted major white matter pathways with a fiber clustering method. We compared the FA, MD, AD, and RD in each segmented white matter tract and combined white matter tracts found within the watershed region using analysis of variance. RESULTS Age and sex were not significantly different between children with moyamoya and controls. Specific white matter tracts affected included inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, thalamofrontal, uncinate fasciculus, and arcuate fasciculus. Combined watershed region white matter tracts in children with moyamoya had significantly lower FA (-7.7% ± 3.2%, P = 0.02) and higher MD (4.8% ± 1.9%, P = 0.01) and RD (8.7% ± 2.8%, P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Lower FA with higher MD and RD is concerning for unrecognized white matter injury. Affected tracts were located in watershed regions suggesting that the findings may be due to chronic hypoperfusion. These findings support the concern that children with moyamoya without overt stroke or silent infarction are sustaining ongoing injury to their white matter microstructure and provide practitioners with a noninvasive method of more accurately assessing disease burden in children with moyamoya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banu Ahtam
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marina Solti
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin M Doo
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Henry A Feldman
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fan Zhang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lauren J O'Donnell
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yogesh Rathi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Edward R Smith
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Darren Orbach
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alfred P See
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - P Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Laura L Lehman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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29
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May H, Rixon S, Gardner S, Goel P, Levison J, Binns A. Investigating relationships between climate controls and nutrient flux in surface waters, sediments, and subsurface pathways in an agricultural clay catchment of the Great Lakes Basin. Sci Total Environ 2023; 864:160979. [PMID: 36549520 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water quality within agricultural catchments is governed by management practices and climate conditions that control the transport, storage, and exchange of nutrients between components of the hydrologic cycle. This study aims to improve knowledge of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transport in low permeability agricultural watersheds by considering spatial and temporal trends of surface water nutrient concentrations in relation to hydroclimatic drivers, sediment quality, shallow hyporheic exchange, groundwater quality, and tile drain discharge over a 14-month field study in a clay hydrosystem of the Lake Huron basin, one of the five Great Lakes. Results found that events of varying magnitude and intensity enhanced nutrient release from overland flow and subsurface pathways. Tile drain discharge was found to be a consistent and elevated source of P and N to surface waters when flowing, mobilizing both diffuse nutrients from fertilizer application and legacy stores in the vadose zone. Surface water quality was temporally variable at the seasonal and event scale. Targeted sampling following fertilization periods, snowmelt, and moderate precipitation events revealed catchment wide elevated nutrient concentrations, emphasizing the need for targeted sampling regimes. Controls other than discharge magnitude and overland flow were found to contribute to peak nutrient concentrations, including internal nitrate loading, soil-snowmelt interaction, catchment wetness, and freeze thaw cycles. Sediments were found to store P in calcium minerals and have a high P storage capacity. Instream mechanisms such as sediment P fixation and hyporheic exchange may play a role in mediating surface water quality, but currently have no discernable benefit to year-round surface water nutrient concentrations. Best management practices need to focus on reducing sources of agricultural nutrients (e.g., field phosphorus concentrations and tile drain discharge loading) at the watershed scale to reduce nutrient concentrations and export in flashy clay catchments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah May
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Sarah Rixon
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Scott Gardner
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Pradeep Goel
- Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP), Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jana Levison
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Andrew Binns
- School of Engineering, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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30
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Kantharajan G, Govindakrishnan PM, Singh RK, Natalia EC, Jones SK, Singh A, Mohindra V, Kumar NKRK, Rana JC, Jena JK, Lal KK. Quantitative assessment of sediment delivery and retention in four watersheds in the Godavari River Basin, India, using InVEST model - an aquatic ecosystem services perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:30371-30384. [PMID: 36434447 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sediment export and retention are important ecosystem processes in any landscape causing soil erosion and sediment loading in waterways consequently affecting the health of aquatic habitats downstream. The present study quantifies sediment export and retention in four watersheds, viz., Hivra, Satrapur, Konta, and Jagdalpur in the Godavari River Basin, India, using Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) ecosystem service modelling tool. The results revealed that the sediment export yields ranged from 0.75 (Hivra) to 2.77 t/ha/year (Jagdalpur). The mean deviation between modelled values and observed sediment export yield was - 11.11%, which indicated good prediction by the model. The sediment retention ranged from 16.04 (Hivra) to 101.52 t/ha/year (Konta). Most sediment export and retention occurred on cropland or shrubland land use land cover types in all four watersheds. For decision making on soil conservation, soil loss tolerance limits have been established for these watersheds. For aquatic habitats, sediment concentration is considered more important than the total annual sediment export, since water turbidity is an important determinant of water quality, and the aquatic lives therein. Therefore, the temporal distribution of rainfall and corresponding sediment export becomes important, since these two factors determine the sediment concentration as well as turbidity in the waterbody. In current study, "Precipitation Concentration Index adjusted Sediment Export Yield Index" was developed to account for the effects of the temporal rainfall distribution and its impact on sediment export. The index for four watersheds was quantified (Hivra > Satrapur > Konta > Jagdalpur), which is concordant to the turbidity values reported by respective gauge stations. Thus, the proposed index can efficiently capture the impact of temporal rainfall distribution on sediment export, and consequently its effect on water turbidity. The study revealed the potential of InVEST model to quantify the sediment export and retention in the watersheds studied. Together with the proposed index, it would help the policy makers in making informed decisions for planning conservation strategies for aquatic biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Kantharajan
- ICAR - National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, 226 002, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Rajeev K Singh
- ICAR - National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, 226 002, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Estrada Carmona Natalia
- Alliance of Bioversity International and International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah K Jones
- Alliance of Bioversity International and International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, Parc Scientifique Agropolis II, Montpellier, France
| | - Achal Singh
- ICAR - National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, 226 002, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vindhya Mohindra
- ICAR - National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, 226 002, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Jai C Rana
- Alliance of Bioversity International and International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, New Delhi - 110 012, India
| | - Joy Krushna Jena
- Fisheries Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, KAB-II, New Delhi - 110 012, India
| | - Kuldeep K Lal
- ICAR - National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, 226 002, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zotina TA, Kudryasheva NS, Soukhovolsky VG. Introduction to the Special Series "Environmental Monitoring on Global and Local Scales". Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023. [PMID: 36855224 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ecosystems of Siberia provide valuable services to the human population and afford important climate feedback. However, they are subject to anthropogenic pressures leading to the transformation of ecosystem structure and functions such as deforestation; extraction and transportation of fossil hydrocarbons; mining, refining, and smelting industrial activities; damming of rivers by high-pressure hydroelectric plants, and other activities. The articles in this special series deal with the monitoring of natural ecosystems of Siberia that are located on vast areas of Eurasia, many of which are hard to reach and sparsely populated. The results and approaches of environmental monitoring presented in this special series offer new opportunities for developing the strategy of intelligent management and conservation of vulnerable Siberian ecosystems to meet the challenges of global climate change and unsustainable use of natural resources. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;00:1-2. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A Zotina
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda S Kudryasheva
- Institute of Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Institute of Fundamental Biology and Biotechnology, Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Vladislav G Soukhovolsky
- V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
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Yoshihara N. ArcGIS-based protocol to calculate the area fraction of landslide for multiple catchments. MethodsX 2023; 10:102064. [PMID: 36845364 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The area fraction of specific kinds of information in a catchment provides parameters to be utilized in catchment-scale analyses. For example, the area fraction of soil movement caused by landslides is an indicator for the estimation of the magnitude of landslides. However, catchment-scale analyses often require applying the same processing to higher numbers of study catchments, making it a time-consuming process. Here an ArcGIS-based method has been presented to reduce cumbersome procedures for the calculation of the area fraction of several target surface data. The method applies automated and iterative processing to multiple catchments, whose location and scale are defined by users. This method may prove to be useful for calculating the area fraction of parameters other than landslide area (e.g., specific land use or lithology) within a framework of catchment-scale analysis.•An Arcgis-based method to calculate the area fraction of landslide area in catchments.•Manual work is reduced by automated and iterative processing based on ModelBuilder.•It can be used to get the area fraction of several surface information in catchments.
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Anteneh Y, Alamirew T, Zeleke G, Kassawmar T. Modeling runoff-sediment influx responses to alternative BMP interventions in the Gojeb watershed, Ethiopia, using the SWAT hydrological model. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:22816-22834. [PMID: 36308651 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23711-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) has been calibrated over a 33-year period to evaluate the Gojeb watershed's hydrological processes, sediment yield with downstream loading to the Gibe III dam, and erosion hotspot locations. Best management practices (BMPs) were run through the model to simulate the effects of watershed intervention scenarios on sediment yield and runoff. Simulation results of BMP intervention were compared with the reference and worst-case scenarios. The simulation of sediment production indicates a clear growing trend. Temporally, the maximum amount of sediment transported out of the watershed is experiential from June to September, and the minimum is in February. A plainly defined similar orientation is observed between precipitation, surface runoff, and sediment load in the landscape. Spatially, the maximum sediment transported out of the watershed is from agricultural landscape units with a slope of over 50%, annual precipitation above 1592 mm, and surface runoff over 151 mm. This signifies that the watershed is under serious threat from erosion due to vegetation loss, steep slope farming, and high surface runoff. Gibe III is a 243-m high roller compacted gravity dam built on the Omo-Gibe River basin in Ethiopia for hydroelectric power and downstream flood control. It is one of Africa's tallest dams, with an annual electric output of 1870 MW that began operation in 2016. Thus, Gibe III could see a loss of storage capacity due to higher-than-expected sedimentation resulting from worsening environmental degradation, which implies that the beneficial uses that depend on this dam - electricity production, regulated irrigation water supply, and flood control - will decline with significant economic losses. Despite that, selected sustainable land management interventions and the application of BMPs to critical erosion-prone hotspot areas can support the overall reduction in total sediment yield and surface runoff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilikal Anteneh
- Water and Land Resource Center (WLRC), Addis Ababa University (AAU), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Tena Alamirew
- Water and Land Resource Center (WLRC), Addis Ababa University (AAU), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gete Zeleke
- Water and Land Resource Center (WLRC), Addis Ababa University (AAU), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tibebu Kassawmar
- Water and Land Resource Center (WLRC), Addis Ababa University (AAU), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Stern JA, Elsingergy M, Venkatakrishna SSB, Worede F, Curic J, Andronikou S. Frequency of ulegyria on delayed MRI scans in children with term hypoxic-ischemic injury. Pediatr Radiol 2023; 53:104-111. [PMID: 35882664 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-022-05445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ulegyria is an under-recognized and underreported potential sequela of hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) in full-term neonates. Ulegyria is a unique form of parenchymal scarring that leads to a mushroom-shape of the affected gyri resulting from volume loss at the deep portions of the sulci during HII in this specific period in infantile neurodevelopment. Identifying ulegyria is important for ascribing cause and timing of HII on delayed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and because of its close association with pharmaco-resistant epilepsy. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of ulegyria and characterize the anatomical distribution of watershed injury in a large database of patients who developed cerebral palsy with term HII pattern and underwent delayed MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with term HII patterns on MRI were analyzed for ulegyria. The frequency of ulegyria overall and for each pattern of HII distribution was determined as was the anatomical distribution of watershed injury. RESULTS Of the 731 children with term HII and cortical injury, 484 (66%) had ulegyria. Ulegyria was most common in those cases with a combined watershed/basal ganglia-thalamic pattern (56%) and isolated watershed pattern (40%). Watershed injury in patients with ulegyria was most common at the posterior watershed (80.6%) and perisylvian watershed (76.7%). CONCLUSION Ulegyria was present in nearly two-thirds of patients with term HII and cortical injury and should be sought to support the diagnosis of previous perinatal HII, especially in posterior and perisylvian watershed regions. The implications of ulegyria can be significant for clinical decision-making and for ascribing timing of injury to the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Stern
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Mohamed Elsingergy
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shyam Sunder B Venkatakrishna
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Fikadu Worede
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jelena Curic
- Graduate MBA Program, Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Savvas Andronikou
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Martinsen KT, Sand-Jensen K. Predicting water quality from geospatial lake, catchment, and buffer zone characteristics in temperate lowland lakes. Sci Total Environ 2022; 851:158090. [PMID: 35987226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lakes provide essential ecosystem services and strongly influence landscape nutrient and carbon cycling. Therefore, monitoring water quality is essential for the management of element transport, biodiversity, and public goods in lakes. We investigated the ability of machine learning models to predict eight important water quality variables (alkalinity, pH, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, chlorophyll a, Secchi depth, color, and pCO2) using monitoring data from 924 to 1054 lakes. The geospatial predictor variables comprise a wide range of potential drivers at the lake, buffer zone, and catchment level. We compared the performance of nine predictive models of varying complexity for each of the eight water quality variables. The best models (Random Forest and Support Vector Machine in six and two cases, respectively) generally performed well on the test set (R2 = 0.28-0.60). Models were then used to predict water quality for all 180,377 mapped Danish lakes. Additionally, we trained models to predict each water quality variable by using the predictions we had generated for the remaining seven variables. This improved model performance (R2 = 0.45-0.78). Overall, the uncovered relationships were in line with the findings of previous studies, e.g., total nitrogen was positively related to catchment agriculture and chlorophyll a, Secchi depth, and alkalinity were influenced by soil type and landscape history. Remarkably, buffer zone geomorphology (curvature, ruggedness, and elevation) had a strong influence on nutrients, chlorophyll a, and Secchi depth, e.g., curvature was positively related to nutrients and chlorophyll a and negatively to Secchi depth. Lake area was a strong predictor of multiple variables, especially its relationship with pH (positive), pCO2 (negative), and color (negative). Our analysis shows that the combination of machine learning methods and geospatial data can be used to predict lake water quality and improve national upscaling of predictions related to nutrient and carbon cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Thorø Martinsen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kaj Sand-Jensen
- Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 3rd floor, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kinattinkara S, Arumugam T, Kuppusamy S, Krishnan M. Land use/land cover changes of Noyyal watershed in Coimbatore district, India, mapped using remote sensing techniques. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:86349-86361. [PMID: 35119640 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study undertakes to produce the land use/land cover map and to explore the change detection analysis of Noyyal watershed, Coimbatore, for a time period of 18 years. Based on the remote sensing and geographical information system for monitoring the temporal variations of land use/land cover, multi-temporal Landsat satellite 30-m spatial resolution images of Landsat 4/5 MSS and TM (1999), Landsat 7 ETM + (2008), and Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) were obtained from the USGS website. The satellite images were geocoded into the universal transverse mercator (UTM) coordinate system zone 43 N. The unsupervised classification method was done by using an iterative self-organizing data analysis algorithm to compare the images and to classify the images into various land cover categories. Kappa statistics were used to assess the validation of the present study. The analysis suggests the total forest covered in 1999 was 22.69% and that of 2008 was 24.04% and reduced to 6.09%, in 2017. The agricultural land of 17.8% is reduced to 3.11% in 2008 and 0.86% in 2017. The settlements increased from 15.59 to 24.21% in 2008 and 27.14% in 2017. Increase in deforestation leads to increase in barren land. In 1999, the percentage of barren land was 17.2%; in 2008, it was 13.19%, and 50.93% in 2017. The overall accuracy estimation of the study is 73.19% and Kappa coefficient is 0.72. This study has proven a substantial strength of agreement for the map of 2017 from the result of validation rating criteria of Kappa statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Kinattinkara
- Department of Environmental Science, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641014, India
| | - Thangavelu Arumugam
- Department of Environmental Studies, Kannur University, Mangattuparamba Campus, Mangattuparamba, Kerala, 670567, India.
| | - Shanthi Kuppusamy
- Department of Environmental Science, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641014, India
| | - Manoj Krishnan
- Department of Environmental Studies, Kannur University, Mangattuparamba Campus, Mangattuparamba, Kerala, 670567, India
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Cui Z, Dillard JP, Pinto J, High A, De La Cruz JJ, Mainzer S, Cole CA. Media Contributions to a Chesapeake Bay Watershed Collective Identity? A Tale of Three Cities. Environ Manage 2022; 70:855-868. [PMID: 36056213 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although collective action is needed to address many environmental challenges, it cannot proceed in the absence of collective identity, that is, evidence of group belongingness expressed in or via communicative behavior. This study looked for evidence of a collective identity in newspaper articles that referenced the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. The data were drawn from local papers published in municipalities located at the headwaters of the Susquehanna River, midway down the Susquehanna, and where the river meets the Bay. Computerized content analysis assessed the frequency with which the Chesapeake Bay and watershed were mentioned alongside a set of keywords thought to represent different facets of identity (e.g., agriculture, fishing, swimming). The results showed substantial variation in frequency across time and place but low absolute levels of coverage of the Bay and the watershed. Multidimensional scaling revealed different structures to collective identity as a function of place. These differences in content may be attributable to varying demographic and environmental characteristics along with proximity to the Bay. But, to the extent that media contribute to collective identity among residents of the watershed at all, they do so in a complex and heterogeneous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cui
- Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | - James Price Dillard
- Communication Arts & Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Juliet Pinto
- Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew High
- Communication Arts & Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - J J De La Cruz
- Communication Arts & Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Mainzer
- Department of Landscape Architecture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Charles Andrew Cole
- Department of Landscape Architecture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Franz KJ, Zhang X, Qi J, Jia G, Yang Y. Irrigation plays significantly different roles in influencing hydrological processes in two breadbasket regions. Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:157253. [PMID: 35817114 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture is a major water user, especially in dry and drought-prone areas that rely on irrigation to support agricultural production. In recent years, the over-extraction of groundwater, exacerbated by climate change, population growth, and intensive agricultural irrigation, has led to a drop in water levels and influenced the hydrological cycle. Understanding changes in hydrological processes is essential for pursuing water sustainability. This study aims to estimate the amount and impact of irrigation on hydrological processes in two breadbasket regions, Jing-Jin-Ji (JJJ), China, and northern Texas (NTX), US. We used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to explore spatiotemporal variations of irrigation from 2008 to 2013 and compared changes in hydrological processes caused by irrigation. The results indicated that deficit irrigation is more common in JJJ than in NTX and can reduce approximately 50 % of irrigation water use in areas with intensively irrigated cropland. The applied irrigation varies less over time in NTX but fluctuates in JJJ. Compared with NTX, the higher irrigation intensity in JJJ results in a more significant change in downstream peak streamflow of around 6 m3/s. Moreover, the difference in crop growing seasons can lead to different impacts of irrigation on hydrological processes. For example, the percentage change of surface runoff under real-world relative to the no-irrigation scenario was the greatest, around 40 %, in JJJ and NTX. However, the peak change occurred at different times, with the nearing maturity of winter wheat in May in JJJ and corn in August in NTX. The great potential to reduce groundwater extraction by adopting water conservation irrigation techniques calls for policies and regulations to help farmers shift towards more sustainable water management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yuyu Zhou
- Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Kristie J Franz
- Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
| | - Junyu Qi
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, 5825 University Research Ct, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Gensuo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun Yang
- USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
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Chen S, Lu D, Duan L, Ma B, Lv C, Li YL, Lu SN, Li LH, Xu L, Wu ZS, Xia S, Xu J, Liu Y, Lv S. Cross- watershed distribution pattern challenging the elimination of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonica, in Sichuan province, China. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:363. [PMID: 36221118 PMCID: PMC9555091 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Snail control is critical to schistosomiasis control efforts in China. However, re-emergence of Oncomelania hupensis is challenging the achievements of schistosomiasis control. The present study aimed to test whether the amphibious snails can spread across watersheds using a combination of population genetics and geographic statistics. Methods The digital maps and attributes of snail habitats were obtained from the national survey on O. hupensis. Snail sampling was performed in 45 counties of Sichuan Province. The cox1 gene of specimens was characterized by sequencing. Unique haplotypes were found for phylogenetic inference and mapped in a geographical information system (GIS). Barriers of gene flow were identified by Monmonier’s maximum difference algorithm. The watercourses and watersheds in the study area were determined based on a digital elevation model (DEM). Plain areas were defined by a threshold of slope. The slope of snail habitats was characterized and the nearest distance to watercourses was calculated using a GIS platform. Spatial dynamics of high-density distributions were observed by density analysis of snail habitats. Results A total of 422 cox1 sequences of O. hupensis specimens from 45 sampling sites were obtained and collapsed into 128 unique haplotypes or 10 clades. Higher haplotype diversity in the north of the study area was observed. Four barriers to gene flow, leading to five sub-regions, were found across the study area. Four sub-regions ran across major watersheds, while high-density distributions were confined within watersheds. The result indicated that snails were able to disperse across low-density areas. A total of 63.48% habitats or 43.29% accumulated infested areas were distributed in the plain areas where the overall slope was < 0.94°. Approximately 90% of snail habitats were closer to smaller watercourses. Historically, high-density areas were mainly located in the plains, but now more were distributed in hilly region. Conclusions Our study showed the cross-watershed distribution of Oncomelania snails at a large scale. Natural cross-watershed spread in plains and long-distance dispersal by humans and animals might be the main driver of the observed patterns. We recommend cross-watershed joint control strategies for snail and schistosomiasis control. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05496-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory on parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ding Lu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610044, China
| | - Lei Duan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory on parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ben Ma
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory on parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Chao Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory on parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yin-Long Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory on parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shen-Ning Lu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory on parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lan-Hua Li
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610044, China
| | - Zi-Song Wu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610044, China
| | - Shang Xia
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory on parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China.,School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory on parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, 610044, China.
| | - Shan Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, China CDC (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory on parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Yan X, Zhang Z, Chen L, Jiao C, Zhu K, Guo J, Pang M, Jin Z, Shen Z. Pesticide fate at watershed scale: A new framework integrating multimedia behavior with hydrological processes. J Environ Manage 2022; 319:115758. [PMID: 35982562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide pollution has been one serious ecological and environmental issue due to its wide application, high toxicity, and complex environmental behavior. The fugacity model has been widely used to quantify biogeochemical cycles of pesticides due to its clear compartments, simple structure, and easy-accessible data. However, the lack of detailed hydrological processes limits its application for large and heterogeneous watershed. In present study, a new framework was proposed through integration of hydrological processes of SWAT and pesticide fate of fugacity model, and was applied into a typical watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China. The results showed that surface runoff, soil erosion, and percolation varied spatiotemporally, which highlighted the importance of considering regional and seasonal heterogeneity of pesticide transport variables in the fugacity model. The amount of dichlorvos (DDV) and chlorpyrifos (CHP) in air, water, soil, and sediment phase were estimated as 0.26 kg, 19.77 kg, 1.06 × 104 kg, and 0.55 kg, respectively. Spatiotemporally, pesticide concentrations in water phase peaked in summer, while the middle and southwest regions of the watershed were identified as the hotspots for pesticide pollution. Compared with the classical model, the new framework provided technical support for the pesticide assessment at watershed scale with heterogeneous hydrological conditions, which can be easily extended to other watersheds, and integrated with other models for comprehensive agricultural management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
| | - Cong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Kaihang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Mingyue Pang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Zhongtian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
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41
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Murugesan B, Alemayehu TM, Gopalakrishnan G, Chung SY, Senapathi V, Sekar S, Elzain HE, Karthikeyan S. Site selection of check dams using geospatial techniques in Debre Berhan region, Ethiopia - water management perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:72312-72331. [PMID: 34797545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Remote sensing and GIS technology were very helpful to determine an appropriate location of freshwater storage in Amhara, Ethiopia. The techniques were used to investigate the impact of lithology, surface geomorphology, slope parameters, drainage flow, drainage density, lineament density, land cover parameters on relief, and aerial and linear features and to understand their interrelationships. Morphometric parameters such as mean stream length (Lsm), stream length ratio (RL), bifurcation ratio (Rb), mean bifurcation ratio (Rbm), relief ratio (Rh), drainage density (Dd), stream frequency (Fs), drainage texture (Rt), form factor (Rf), circularity ratio (Rc), and elongation ratio (Re) were calculated. Spatial maps of morphometric parameters were produced by using AHP (analytical hierarchy process) of ArcGIS 10.3. Final priority map was generated by the overlay of those parameters with five categories of poor (16.6%), low (41.63%), moderate (29.61%), high (8.88%), and very high (3.28%) storage locations. The map showed that this study area belonged to the low to moderate storage location. The results exhibit precision-based assessment of the suitability for the dam construction sites of 6, 7, and 9 sub-basin zones. The outcome of this study strengthens the knowledge of geospatial analysis for water resources vulnerability and also allows policymakers in this drought-prone area to sustainably manage water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bagyaraj Murugesan
- Department of Geology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences/Debre, Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Tenaw Mengistie Alemayehu
- Department of Geology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences/Debre, Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Gnanachandrasamy Gopalakrishnan
- School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Environment Change and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Sang Yong Chung
- Department of Environmental Earth Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea.
| | | | - Selvam Sekar
- Department of Geology, V.O. Chidambaram College, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hussam Eldin Elzain
- Department of Environmental Earth Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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42
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Reyes-Puig JP, Recalde D, Recalde F, Koch C, Guayasamin JM, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Jost L, Yánez-Muñoz MH. A spectacular new species of Hyloscirtus (Anura: Hylidae) from the Cordillera de Los Llanganates in the eastern Andes of Ecuador. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14066. [PMID: 36196397 PMCID: PMC9527025 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We have discovered a spectacular new species of frog in the genus Hyloscirtus, belonging to the H. larinopygion species group. The adult female is characterized by a mostly black body with large bright red spots on the dorsal and ventral surface, extremities, and toe pads. The adult male is unknown. Small juveniles are characterized by a yellow body with variable black markings on the flanks; while one larger juvenile displayed irregular orange or yellow marks on a black background color, with light orange or yellow toe pads. Additional distinctive external morphological features such as cloacal ornamentation are described, and some osteological details are imaged and analyzed. The performed phylogeny places the new species as the sister to a clade consisting of ten taxa, all of which are part of the H. larinopygion group. We use genetic distances to fit the new species into a published time-calibrated phylogeny of this group; our analysis based on the published chronology suggests that the divergence of the new species from its known congeners pre-dates the Quaternary period. The new species is currently only known only from Cerro Mayordomo, in Fundación EcoMinga´s Machay Reserve, at 2,900 m in the eastern Andes of Tungurahua province, Ecuador, near the southern edge of Los Llanganates National Park, but its real distribution may be larger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Reyes-Puig
- Departamento de Ambiente, Fundación Oscar Efrén Reyes, Baños, Tungurahua, Ecuador,Fundación Ecominga Red de Protección de Bosques Amenazados, Baños, Tungurahua, Ecuador,Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Darwin Recalde
- Fundación Ecominga Red de Protección de Bosques Amenazados, Baños, Tungurahua, Ecuador
| | - Fausto Recalde
- Fundación Ecominga Red de Protección de Bosques Amenazados, Baños, Tungurahua, Ecuador
| | - Claudia Koch
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany, Germany
| | - Juan M. Guayasamin
- Laboratorio de Biología Evolutiva, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto BIÓSFERA-USFQ, Cumbaya, Pichincha, Ecuador,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Diego F. Cisneros-Heredia
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador,Museo de Zoología y Laboratorio de Zoología Terrestre, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto iBIOTROP, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Lou Jost
- Fundación Ecominga Red de Protección de Bosques Amenazados, Baños, Tungurahua, Ecuador,Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Mario H. Yánez-Muñoz
- Fundación Ecominga Red de Protección de Bosques Amenazados, Baños, Tungurahua, Ecuador,Unidad de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
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43
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Christenson E, Wickersham L, Jacob M, Stewart J. A watershed study assessing effects of commercial hog operations on microbial water quality in North Carolina, USA. Sci Total Environ 2022; 838:156085. [PMID: 35605858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Commercial Hog Operations (CHOs) produce large amounts of fecal waste, which is often treated in lagoons and sprayed onto fields as fertilizer. The effects of these systems on proximal water quality compared to ambient conditions have not been well-studied, and are particularly important for understanding the dissemination of fecal bacteria and antimicrobial resistance. A longitudinal, case-control watershed study was designed to study effects of CHOs on microbial water quality among watersheds with similar soil, land use, human population, and area. We compared watersheds with (n = 13) and without (n = 9) CHOs over one year measuring fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), microbial source tracking (MST) fecal markers, and antimicrobial resistance in isolated Escherichia coli. E. coli concentrations were higher (p < 0.001) at sites downstream of CHOs (1284 CFU/100 mL, n = 103) compared to background sites (687 CFU/100 mL, n = 74). The human MST marker HF183 was detected at similarly low concentrations (PR = 1.3 (0.91, 1.8), p = 0.30). However, the swine MST marker pig-2-bac was found at more sites downstream of CHOs (PR = 3.5 (0.98, 12), p = 0.035) and at a significantly higher (p = 0.003) mean concentration at sites downstream of CHOs (283 copies/mL) compared to background sites (0.76 copies/mL). The presence of any antimicrobial resistance was observed more often for E. coli isolated downstream from CHOs (19%, n = 556) than background sites (6%, n = 356), with tetracycline resistance observed most often. Nine isolates from four sites downstream of CHOs and one isolate from a background site were confirmed β-lactamase-producing E. coli. Overall, these results show that fecal microbes and antimicrobial resistance from CHOs may be transported off-site, however more research is needed to characterize timing and conditions of off-site transport. Mitigation strategies such as optimizeation of waste treatment, buffers, and antibiotic stewardship could help reduce the contributions of microbial contaminants to surface water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Christenson
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Lindsay Wickersham
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Megan Jacob
- Population Health & Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Jill Stewart
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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44
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Coughenour CL, Coleman NM, Taylor AL. In the shadow of the dam - Hydrology of the Little Conemaugh river and its South Fork, with insights about past and future flooding. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10679. [PMID: 36177242 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Little Conemaugh River watershed and its South Fork sub-basin figure prominently in historical flooding of Johnstown, Pennsylvania and nearby communities with catastrophic flooding in 1889, 1936, and 1977 (reviewed herein). Historical stream gage data and data from a new gage on the South Fork (established via a novel, portable cableway system) are used with Nexrad rainfall data to assess watershed response and provide novel analysis of flood hydrology in the Little Conemaugh basin and the sub-basin. Using unit hydrograph estimates for longer duration storms (>8 h) and different baseflow conditions, we probe possible effects of several design storms, including those stemming from a hurricane remnant scenario (Agnes in 1972) and 50-, 100-, and 500-year 12-hour precipitation depths. The unit hydrographs provided peak discharge (Qpeak) estimates for 1977 (the only flood event with available hourly rainfall data) that are in good agreement with empirical peak discharges. Significant channel improvements completed in 1943 were designed to carry the largest known natural flow on record at that time (1936 Qpeak). Preliminary results from design storm scenarios indicate the need for a careful evaluation of extreme discharges and their return periods (including snowmelt-related contributions), as future flood levels in Johnstown may occur more frequently than originally thought. The 1977 flood, which triggered 7 dam failures and eclipsed 1936 Qpeak, resulted from less than 40% the estimated probable maximum precipitation (PMP) for a 12-hour storm. Peak discharges of similar magnitude would have ensued in 1972 had remnants of Hurricane Agnes tracked slightly westward. Flooding and infrastructure problems could be compounded for storms of 24-hour or longer durations, similar to record flooding seen in central Pennsylvania and New York in 1972. Flood recurrence, emergency procedures, and dam safety (particularly, spillway capacity in the Little Conemaugh basin and surrounding region) should likely be reassessed and protective early-warning measures (ineffective in 1977) implemented for the people of Johnstown.
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45
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Yang J, Xiang J, Xie Y, Yu K, Gin KYH, Zhang B, He Y. Dynamic distribution and driving mechanisms of antibiotic resistance genes in a human-intensive watershed. Water Res 2022; 222:118841. [PMID: 35932710 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated urbanization has promoted urban watersheds as important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs); yet the biogeographical patterns and driving mechanisms of ARGs at the watershed scale remain unclear. Here, we examined the dynamic distribution of ARGs in a human-intensive watershed (including city, river and lake systems) over different seasons in a temperate region, as well as revealed the key factors shaping ARGs dynamics through structural equation models (SEMs). High diversity and abundance of ARGs were detected in sediments and surface water, with aminoglycoside, beta-lactamase and multidrug resistance genes dominating. PCoA showed distinct ARGs variations between the two phases. Seasonal changes and regional functions had significant impacts on the distribution patterns of ARGs. More diverse ARGs were detected in winter, while higher ARGs abundances were observed in spring and summer. The city system showed the highest level of ARGs contamination and was mainly derived from wastewater and human/animal feces based on SourceTracker analysis and ARGs indicators. Notably, watershed restoration could significantly mitigate the ARGs pollution status and improve biodiversity in the aquatic environment. Network analysis identified several hub ARGs and bacterial genera, which helped to infer potential bacterial hosts carrying ARGs. Furthermore, ARGs indicators provided insights to trace ARGs sources. SEMs indicated that bioavailable heavy metals and nutrients can greatly shape ARGs dynamics in regions with high-intensity human activities, while the microbial community and MGEs dominate the fate of ARGs in less human-impacted regions. More attention should be given to control heavy metals and nutrients to curb the spread of ARGs. Overall, this study highlights the environmental fate of ARGs and provides novel strategies to mitigate ARGs pollution in the human-intensive watershed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jinyi Xiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kaifeng Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, Singapore 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1-Create Way, #15-02 Create Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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46
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Kaseva T, Omidali B, Hippeläinen E, Mäkelä T, Wilppu U, Sofiev A, Merivaara A, Yliperttula M, Savolainen S, Salli E. Marker-controlled watershed with deep edge emphasis and optimized H-minima transform for automatic segmentation of densely cultivated 3D cell nuclei. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:289. [PMID: 35864453 PMCID: PMC9306214 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The segmentation of 3D cell nuclei is essential in many tasks, such as targeted molecular radiotherapies (MRT) for metastatic tumours, toxicity screening, and the observation of proliferating cells. In recent years, one popular method for automatic segmentation of nuclei has been deep learning enhanced marker-controlled watershed transform. In this method, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used to create nuclei masks and markers, and the watershed algorithm for the instance segmentation. We studied whether this method could be improved for the segmentation of densely cultivated 3D nuclei via developing multiple system configurations in which we studied the effect of edge emphasizing CNNs, and optimized H-minima transform for mask and marker generation, respectively. RESULTS The dataset used for training and evaluation consisted of twelve in vitro cultivated densely packed 3D human carcinoma cell spheroids imaged using a confocal microscope. With this dataset, the evaluation was performed using a cross-validation scheme. In addition, four independent datasets were used for evaluation. The datasets were resampled near isotropic for our experiments. The baseline deep learning enhanced marker-controlled watershed obtained an average of 0.69 Panoptic Quality (PQ) and 0.66 Aggregated Jaccard Index (AJI) over the twelve spheroids. Using a system configuration, which was otherwise the same but used 3D-based edge emphasizing CNNs and optimized H-minima transform, the scores increased to 0.76 and 0.77, respectively. When using the independent datasets for evaluation, the best performing system configuration was shown to outperform or equal the baseline and a set of well-known cell segmentation approaches. CONCLUSIONS The use of edge emphasizing U-Nets and optimized H-minima transform can improve the marker-controlled watershed transform for segmentation of densely cultivated 3D cell nuclei. A novel dataset of twelve spheroids was introduced to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas Kaseva
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 340, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bahareh Omidali
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Hippeläinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.,HUS Medical Imaging Centre, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Mäkelä
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 340, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulla Wilppu
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 340, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexey Sofiev
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 340, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arto Merivaara
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Yliperttula
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Centre for Drug Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sauli Savolainen
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 340, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Salli
- HUS Medical Imaging Center, Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 340, FI-00290, Helsinki, Finland.
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47
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O’Connor KF, Al-Abed SR, Pinto PX, Potter PM. Zinc transport and partitioning of a mine-impacted watershed: An evaluation of water and sediment quality. Appl Geochem 2022; 142:1-11. [PMID: 35859695 PMCID: PMC9295894 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Watershed systems influenced by mining waste products can persist for many years after operations are ceased, leading to negative impacts on the health of the surrounding environment. While geochemical behaviors of these trace metals have been studied extensively at the benchtop-scale, much fewer studies have looked at controls on their distributions at the watershed-level. In this study, trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) were reported from water and stream bed sediments at eight sites between the years 2014-2018 along a watershed undergoing active remediation efforts. Zn was determined to be the only trace metal analyzed with concentrations above EPA and Kansas Department of Health guidelines for both water and sediment in the watershed, and thus was the primary focus for determining the health of the watershed system. Controls on trace metal pollution distribution over the watershed were investigated to determine where remediation efforts should be focused. Surface cover seemed to have the highest effectivity with pasture lands having a strong positive correlation to Zn concentrations. Initial remediation efforts were assessed by calculating the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the contamination factor (Cf-sediment) from sediments and contamination factor from water (Cf-water) after decades of chat pile removal efforts. Most of the sites showed significant reduction in metal concentration values compared to previous studies in the watershed for water and sediment, with four sites still reporting concentrations that reveal potential health risks. Results from this study will inform management and policy makers for areas to focus their remediation efforts on the Spring River Watershed as well as providing a framework for assessing pollution at a watershed scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith F. O’Connor
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), USEPA, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | - Souhail R. Al-Abed
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, USEPA, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
| | | | - Phillip M. Potter
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, USEPA, 26 West Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, OH, 45268, USA
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48
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Flood MT, Hernandez-Suarez JS, Nejadhashemi AP, Martin SL, Hyndman D, Rose JB. Connecting microbial, nutrient, physiochemical, and land use variables for the evaluation of water quality within mixed use watersheds. Water Res 2022; 219:118526. [PMID: 35598465 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As non-point sources of pollution begin to overtake point sources in watersheds, source identification and complicating variables such as rainfall are growing in importance. Microbial source tracking (MST) allows for identification of fecal contamination sources in watersheds; when combined with data on land use and co-occuring variables (e.g., nutrients, sediment runoff) MST can provide a basis for understanding how to effectively remediate water quality. To determine spatial and temporal trends in microbial contamination and correlations between MST and nutrients, water samples (n = 136) were collected between April 2017 and May of 2018 during eight sampling events from 17 sites in 5 mixed-use watersheds. These samples were analyzed for three MST markers (human - B. theta; bovine - CowM2; porcine - Pig2Bac) along with E. coli, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus species), and physiochemical paramaters. These water quality variables were then paired with data on land use, streamflow, precipitation and management practices (e.g., tile drainage, septic tank density, tillage practices) to determine if any significant relationships existed between the observed microbial contamination and these variables. The porcine marker was the only marker that was highly correlated (p value <0.05) with nitrogen and phosphorus species in multiple clustering schemes. Significant relationships were also identified between MST markers and variables that demonstrated temporal trends driven by precipitation and spatial trends driven by septic tanks and management practices (tillage and drainage) when spatial clustering was employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Flood
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824, USA.
| | | | - A Pouyan Nejadhashemi
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824, USA
| | - Sherry L Martin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI
| | - David Hyndman
- Department of Geosciences, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX, 75080, USA
| | - Joan B Rose
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824, USA
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49
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Xi X, Zhang Y. Implementation of environmental regulation strategies for nitrogen pollution in river basins: a stakeholder game perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:41168-41186. [PMID: 35088284 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of modern agriculture, non-point source nitrogen pollution from higher polluting farms has become one of the main contributions to the eutrophication of the watershed. This paper first constructed a tripartite evolutionary game model concerning local governments, higher polluting farms, and consumers, all of which participate in the reduction of nitrogen pollution in the river basin. Secondly, the evolution process of evolutionary stability strategy (ESS) and the impact of critical parameters on the strategies of the three stakeholders were analyzed through numerical simulation. The results demonstrated that (1) six ESSs of the system are determined, only (1, 0, 1) is regarded as the most ideal ESS: regulation by local governments, higher polluting farms adopting not purchasing emission rights, and consumers purchasing green agricultural products. (2) The regulation strategy of local governments depends on comparing political losses with the sum of emission reduction subsidies and the supervision cost. (3) The marginal abatement costs, the price of nitrogen emission permits, nitrogen use efficiency, and the subsidy standard for unit emission reduction are the main factors that affect the ESS of higher polluting farms. (4) The ESS of consumers is significantly affected by low-nitrogen preference, government subsidies, and nitrogen use efficiency. This study suggests that the government should strengthen the supervision of the watershed environment from the aspects of improving the market mechanism of nitrogen trading, establishing a dynamic monitoring system, and innovating a subsidy mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xi
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, PR China.
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50
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Zhou M, Hong B, Li J, Yu S. Fingerprinting pharmaceuticals of multiple sources at a provincial watershed scale. Sci Total Environ 2022; 820:153356. [PMID: 35077785 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment have increasingly attracted public concerns but their fingerprint of sources remain unclear at a watershed scale. This study systematically explored pharmaceutical residues in effluent of 8 different type of sources in a provincial watershed in China using a multi-category protocol of pharmaceutical quantification. Seventy-seven out of 94 target compounds from 6 categories were quantified in effluent, up to 71,318 ng L-1 in total from urban hospital sources with 20 antibiotics and 32 others. The spectrum of the quantified compounds in effluent significantly differentiated the urban (hospitals, domestic sewages, and WWTPs), rural (health centers and domestic sewages), and agricultural production sources (poultry and swine breeding yards, aquaculture ponds, and paddy fields). Compounds of non-steroidal anti-inflammation drugs (NSAIDs), cardiovascular drugs (CVs), and central nervous drugs (CNs) could fingerprint the three groups of sources. However, the three categories contributed 7 out of 10 compounds with high risk (risk quotient >1.0) to the aquatic environment identified by the eco-environmental risk assessment. No high-risk compounds were identified in effluent of urban WWTPs. Findings of this study suggest source identification and compound spectrum fingerprinting are crucial for studies on pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment, especially the complexity of pharmaceutical residues in source effluents for exploring source-sink dynamics at a watershed scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Hong
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shen Yu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
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