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Zhang Y, Yan Y, Huang JG, Wang M. Interguild fungal competition in litter and soil inversely modulate microbial necromass accumulation during Loess Plateau forest succession. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170259. [PMID: 38253096 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Microbial interactions determine ecosystem carbon (C) and nutrient cycling, yet it remains unclear how interguild fungal interactions modulate microbial residue contribution to soil C pools (SOC) during forest succession. Here, we present a region-wide investigation of the relative dominance of saprophytic versus symbiotic fungi in litter and soil compartments, exploring their linkages to soil microbial residue pools and potential drivers along a chronosequence of secondary Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) forests on the Loess Plateau. Despite minor changes in C and nitrogen (N) stocks in the litter or soil layers across successional stages, we found significantly lower soil phosphorus (P) stocks, higher ratios of soil C: N, soil N: P and soil C: P but lower ratios of litter C: N and litter C: P in old (>75 years) than young stands (<30 years). Pine stand development altered the saprotroph: symbiotroph ratios of fungal communities to favor the soil symbiotrophs versus the litter saprotrophs. The dominance of saprotrophs in litter is positively related to microbial necromass contribution to SOC, which is negatively related to the dominance of symbiotrophs in soils. Antagonistic interguild fungal competition in litter and soil layers, in conjunction with increased fungal but decreased bacterial necromass contribution to SOC, jointly contribute to unchanged total necromass contribution to SOC with stand development. The saprotroph: symbiotroph ratios in litter and soil layers are mainly driven by soil P stocks and stand parameters (e.g., stand age and slope), respectively, while substrate stoichiometries primarily regulate microbial necromass accumulation and fungal: bacterial necromass ratios. These results provide novel insights into how microbial interactions at local spatial scales modulate temporal changes in SOC pools, with management implications for mitigating regional land degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanqihu East Road, Huairou District, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minhuang Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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Kang H, Jaganathan GK, Han Y, Li J, Liu B. Revisiting the pericarp as a barrier restricting water entry/loss from cotyledons and embryonic axis of temperate desiccation-sensitive Quercus acorns. PLANTA 2023; 257:33. [PMID: 36609883 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fully mature acorns of Quercus variabilis, Q. aliena, Q. mongolica, and Q. glandulifera are desiccation-sensitive. X-ray computer tomography showed that cotyledons shrink during drying, but embryos are protected. Information available on recalcitrant acorns of tropical and sub-tropical species of Quercus suggests that an impermeable pericarp, which limits the entry and loss of water only through the hilum (scar), is the underlying mechanism that prevents drying of the embryo axis following dispersal until the germination season. However, there is a lack of consensus supporting this proposition across species, and it is not well understood if such mechanisms occur in temperate Quercus species. This study investigated the significance of the acorn pericarp for temperate oak species and presents an ecological framework based on the post-dispersal climatic conditions. Using Quercus variabilis, Q. aliena, Q. mongolica, and Q. glandulifera acorns, the relationship between moisture content (MC) and germination was established, and X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) was used to understand the internal structural changes of cotyledons and embryonic axis occurring during desiccation. Water entry and exit routes through the scar, pericarp and apex were determined by imbibition and drying experiments. Climatic data and acorn morphological characteristics and germination were subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA). Freshly dispersed acorns of all species had a moisture content (MC) above 35% fresh weight (FW) basis, but drying to 15-10% MC resulted in complete loss of viability, implying recalcitrance behaviour. X-ray CT images suggested that the pericarp offers some protection to cotyledons and embryonic axis during desiccation, but it is contingent on MC. Extensive drying to a low MC with the scar and apex covered with vaseline resulted in internal tissues shrinkage, corresponding with viability loss. Water could enter or exit through the pericarp, albeit at a much slower rate than through the scar. A combination of factors including acorn anatomy, moisture content at the time of dispersal, microhabitat, the position of acorns in the soil prevent embryo desiccation below the critical MC and thus promotes survival of acorns on/in the soil during winter in temperate regions. Pericarp anatomy, to some extent, prevents excessive drying of the embryonic axis by slowing water movement, but prolonged drying or predatory pressure could result in pericarp cracks, favouring the absorption of water during sporadic rain. In the latter case, the survival of acorns possibly depends extensively on the continuous erratic rainfall, i.e. continuous wet-dry cycle, but in-situ experiments are yet to be performed to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Kang
- Germplasm Conservation Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ganesh K Jaganathan
- Germplasm Conservation Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yingying Han
- Germplasm Conservation Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajin Li
- Germplasm Conservation Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolin Liu
- Germplasm Conservation Laboratory, Department of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Xu L, Ma S, Cui D, Zhu K, Feng W. Mixed conifer-broadleaf trees on arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal communities in rhizosphere soil of different plantation stands in the temperate zone, Northeast China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:986515. [PMID: 36238594 PMCID: PMC9551461 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.986515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In comparison with ectomycorrhizal (EM) tree species, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees have different litter quality and nitrogen cycle modes, which may affect mycorrhizal colonization and the community composition and diversity. However, available studies addressing the mycorrhizal fungal colonization rate, diversity and community composition in mixed forest stands composed of AM and EM trees are rare. In the present study, we assessed litter quality, soil physicochemical properties and correlated them with mycorrhizal community characteristics in rhizosphere soils of monoculture and mixture plantation stands of AM tree species (Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr.) and EM tree species (Larix gmelinii Rupr., Picea koraiensis Nakai) in Northeast China. We hypothesized that (1) the effect of mixture pattern on mycorrhizal colonization rate and diversity would change with tree species, (2) the effect of mixture pattern on mycorrhizal community composition would be less pronounced in comparison with that of tree species. We found that mixture did not change AMF colonization rate regardless of mixture identity, whereas mixture and tree species exerted significant effects on EMF colonization rate. For AMF community, both M-AS (Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr. and Picea koraiensis Nakai) and M-AL (Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr. and Larix gmelinii Rupr.) mixtures significantly increased Pielou index and Simpson index, whereas only M-AS significantly increased Sobs. For EMF community, mixture significantly affected examined diversity indices except for Chao1. Mixture significantly shifted AMF and EMF community, and the magnitude was tree species dependent. The dominant genera in AMF and EMF communities in plantation stands were Glomus and Tomentella, respectively. The EnvFit analysis showed that the determinant factors of EMF community are soil moisture, pH, nitrate nitrogen content, dissolved organic nitrogen content, soil organic matter content, soil organic carbon/total nitrogen and litter carbon/total nitrogen. In conclusion, mixed conifer-broadleaf trees significantly changed soil physicochemical properties, litter quality as well as mycorrhizal fungi community diversity and composition.
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Zhang J, Xu M, Zou X, Chen J. Structural and functional characteristics of soil microbial community in a Pinus massoniana forest at different elevations. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13504. [PMID: 35860041 PMCID: PMC9290995 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Shifts in forest soil microbial communities over altitudinal gradients have long been attracting scientific interest. The distribution patterns of different soil microbial communities along altitudinal gradients in subtropical mountain forest ecosystems remain unclear. To better understand the changes in soil microbial communities along an altitude gradient, we used Illumina MiSeq metagenome sequencing technology to survey the soil microbial communities in a Pinus massoniana forest at four elevations (Mp1000, Mp1200, Mp1400, Mp1600) and in a tea garden in Guizhou Leigong Mountain in Southwestern China. We observed that the richness of bacteria, fungi, and viruses in the soil microbial community changed in a unimodal pattern with increasing elevation while that of Archaea first increased significantly, then decreased, and finally increased again. Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota were the predominant Archaea, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the predominant bacterial groups, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the predominant fungal groups, and Myoviridae, Podoviridae, and Siphoviridae were the predominant virus groups. Amino acid transport and metabolism, energy production and conversion, signal transduction mechanisms, and DNA replication, restructuring and repair were the predominant categories as per NOG function gene-annotation. Carbohydrate metabolism, global and overview map, amino acid metabolism, and energy metabolism were predominant categories in the KEGG pathways. Glycosyl transferase and glycoside hydrolase were predominant categories among carbohydrate enzyme-functional genes. Cluster, redundancy, and co-occurring network analyses showed obvious differences in the composition, structure, and function of different soil microbial communities along the altitudinal gradient studied. Our findings indicate that the different soil microbial communities along the altitudinal gradient have different distribution patterns, which may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that determine microbial life in a mid-subtropical mountain forest ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Institute of Fungal Resources, Institute of Edible Fungus, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ming Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Institute of Fungal Resources, Institute of Edible Fungus, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, China,Institute of Fungal Resources, Institute of Edible Fungus, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Fungal Resources, Institute of Edible Fungus, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Tatsumi C, Hyodo F, Taniguchi T, Shi W, Koba K, Fukushima K, Du S, Yamanaka N, Templer P, Tateno R. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community in Roots and Nitrogen Uptake Patterns of Understory Trees Beneath Ectomycorrhizal and Non-ectomycorrhizal Overstory Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:583585. [PMID: 33519844 PMCID: PMC7840530 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.583585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential plant nutrient, and plants can take up N from several sources, including via mycorrhizal fungal associations. The N uptake patterns of understory plants may vary beneath different types of overstory trees, especially through the difference in their type of mycorrhizal association (arbuscular mycorrhizal, AM; or ectomycorrhizal, ECM), because soil mycorrhizal community and N availability differ beneath AM (non-ECM) and ECM overstory trees (e.g., relatively low nitrate content beneath ECM overstory trees). To test this hypothesis, we examined six co-existing AM-symbiotic understory tree species common beneath both AM-symbiotic black locust (non-ECM) and ECM-symbiotic oak trees of dryland forests in China. We measured AM fungal community composition of roots and natural abundance stable isotopic composition of N (δ15N) in plant leaves, roots, and soils. The root mycorrhizal community composition of understory trees did not significantly differ between beneath non-ECM and ECM overstory trees, although some OTUs more frequently appeared beneath non-ECM trees. Understory trees beneath non-ECM overstory trees had similar δ15N values in leaves and soil nitrate, suggesting that they took up most of their nitrogen as nitrate. Beneath ECM overstory trees, understory trees had consistently lower leaf than root δ15N, suggesting they depended on mycorrhizal fungi for N acquisition since mycorrhizal fungi transfer isotopically light N to host plants. Additionally, leaf N concentrations in the understory trees were lower beneath ECM than the non-ECM overstory trees. Our results show that, without large differences in root mycorrhizal community, the N uptake patterns of understory trees vary between beneath different overstory trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikae Tatsumi
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Fujio Hyodo
- Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Weiyu Shi
- School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keisuke Koba
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Shiga, Japan
| | | | - Sheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Pamela Templer
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ryunosuke Tateno
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Nguyen DQ, Schneider D, Brinkmann N, Song B, Janz D, Schöning I, Daniel R, Pena R, Polle A. Soil and root nutrient chemistry structure root-associated fungal assemblages in temperate forests. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:3081-3095. [PMID: 32383336 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Root-associated fungi (RAF) link nutrient fluxes between soil and roots and thus play important roles in ecosystem functioning. To enhance our understanding of the factors that control RAF, we fitted statistical models to explain variation in RAF community structure using data from 150 temperate forest sites covering a broad range of environmental conditions and chemical root traits. We found that variation in RAF communities was related to both root traits (e.g., cations, carbohydrates, NO3 - ) and soil properties (pH, cations, moisture, C/N). The identified drivers were the combined result of distinct response patterns of fungal taxa (determined at the rank of orders) to biotic and abiotic factors. Our results support that RAF community variation is related to evolutionary adaptedness of fungal lineages and consequently, drivers of RAF communities are context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Quang Nguyen
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institut, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Germany.,Forest Protection Research Centre, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Duc Thang Ward, Bac Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077, Germany
| | - Nicole Brinkmann
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institut, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Germany
| | - Bin Song
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institut, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Germany
| | - Dennis Janz
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institut, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Germany
| | - Ingo Schöning
- Biogeochemical Processes, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077, Germany
| | - Rodica Pena
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institut, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Büsgen-Institut, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Germany
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Tatsumi C, Taniguchi T, Du S, Yamanaka N, Tateno R. Soil nitrogen cycling is determined by the competition between mycorrhiza and ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes. Ecology 2020; 101:e02963. [PMID: 31872432 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi have considerable effects on soil carbon (C) storage, as they control the decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM), by modifying the amount of soil nitrogen (N) available for free-living microbes. Through their access to organic N, ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi compete with free-living soil microbes; this competition is thought to slow down SOM decomposition. However, arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi cannot decompose SOM, and therefore must wait for N to first be processed by free-living microbes. It is unclear what form of N the ECM fungi and free-living microbes compete for, or which microbial groups compete for N with ECM fungi. To investigate this, we focused on the N transformation steps (i.e., the degradation of high-molecular-weight organic matter, mineralization, and nitrification) and the microbes driving each step. Simple comparisons between AM forests and ECM forests are not sufficient to assert that mycorrhizal types would determine the N transformation steps in soil, because soil physiochemistry, which strongly affects N transformation steps, differs between the forests. We used an aridity gradient with large differences in soil moisture, pH, and SOM quantity and quality, to distinguish the mycorrhizal and physicochemical effects on N transformation. Soil samples (0-10 cm depth) were collected from AM-symbiotic black locust forests under three aridity levels, and from ECM-symbiotic oak forests under two aridity levels. Soil physicochemical properties, extractable N dynamics and abundance, composition, and function of soil microbial communities were measured. In ECM forests, the ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotic abundance was low, whereas that of ECM fungi was high, resulting in lower nitrate N content than in AM forests. Since ECM forests did not have lower saprotrophic fungal abundance and prokaryotic decompositional activity than the AM forests, the hypothesis that ECM fungi could reduce SOM decay and ammonification by free-living microbes, might not hold in ECM forests. However, the limitation of ECM fungi on nitrate N production would result in a feedback that will accelerate plant dependence on these fungi, thereby raising soil C storage through an increase in the ECM biomass and plant C investment in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikae Tatsumi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Taniguchi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - Sheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Norikazu Yamanaka
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - Ryunosuke Tateno
- Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Kranabetter JM, Berch SM, MacKinnon JA, Ceska O, Dunn DE, Ott PK. Species-area curve and distance-decay relationships indicate habitat thresholds of ectomycorrhizal fungi in an old-growth Pseudotsuga menziesii
landscape. DIVERS DISTRIB 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Kranabetter
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations; Victoria BC Canada
| | - S. M. Berch
- British Columbia Ministry of Environment; Victoria BC Canada
| | - J. A. MacKinnon
- School of Resource and Environmental Management; Simon Fraser University; Burnaby BC Canada
| | - O. Ceska
- Consulting Mycologist; Victoria BC Canada
| | - D. E. Dunn
- Pacific Forestry Centre; Natural Resources Canada; Victoria BC Canada
| | - P. K. Ott
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations; Victoria BC Canada
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García-Guzmán OM, Garibay-Orijel R, Hernández E, Arellano-Torres E, Oyama K. Word-wide meta-analysis of Quercus forests ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity reveals southwestern Mexico as a hotspot. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:811-822. [PMID: 28819747 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0793-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quercus is the most diverse genus of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) host plants; it is distributed in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, from temperate to tropical regions. However, their ECM communities have been scarcely studied in comparison to those of conifers. The objectives of this study were to determine the richness of ECM fungi associated with oak forests in the Cuitzeo basin in southwestern Mexico; and to determine the level of richness, potential endemism and species similarity among ECM fungal communities associated with natural oak forests worldwide through a meta-analysis. The ITS DNA sequences of ECM root tips from 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In total, 1065 species of ECM fungi have been documented worldwide; however, 812 species have been only found at one site. Oak forests in Europe contain 416 species, Mexico 307, USA 285, and China 151. Species with wider distributions are Sebacinaceae sp. SH197130, Amanita subjunquillea, Cenococcum geophilum, Cortinarius decipiens, Russula hortensis, R. risigallina, R. subrubescens, Sebacinaceae sp. SH214607, Tomentella ferruginea, and T. lapida. The meta-analysis revealed (1) that Mexico is not only a hotspot for oak species but also for their ECM mycobionts. (2) There is a particularly high diversity of ECM Pezizales in oak seasonal forests from western USA to southwestern Mexico. (3) The oak forests in southwestern Mexico have the largest number of potential endemic species. (4) Globally, there is a high turnover of ECM fungal species associated with oaks, which indicates high levels of alpha and beta diversity in these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Mariana García-Guzmán
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tercer Circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria. Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Roberto Garibay-Orijel
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tercer Circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria. Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Edith Hernández
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tercer Circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria. Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elsa Arellano-Torres
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad. Universitaria. Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ken Oyama
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Expropiación Petrolera INDECO, Mexico City, Michoacán, Mexico
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10
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Wang X, Liu J, Long D, Han Q, Huang J. The ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Quercus liaotungensis in different habitats across northern China. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:441-449. [PMID: 28120112 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quercus liaotungensis is a major tree species in deciduous broad-leaved forests in northern China. In this study, we investigated ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities associated with Q. liaotungensis from five typical habitats across northern China. We used internal transcribed spacer-polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing to identify ECM fungi, and we detected 220 operational taxonomic units. In general, at the regional scale, the dominant ECM lineages were /tomentella-thelephora, /cenococcum, /russula-lactarius, and /inocybe. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences in alpha diversity among these ECM communities, and the ECM fungal richness was positively correlated with elevation and soil organic matter. Analysis of similarity and a nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that there were significant differences in community composition, and the geographical distance was correlated with the ECM fungal communities. Among the environmental factors we studied, soil parameters and climate factors were the primary direct driving factors of the ECM fungal communities. Our study primarily advances our understanding of environmental factors affecting ECM fungal communities at regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Ningxia Helan Mountain Forest Ecosystem Orientational Research Station, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750000, China.
| | - Dongfeng Long
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qisheng Han
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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11
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Han Q, Huang J, Long D, Wang X, Liu J. Diversity and community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Larix chinensis across the alpine treeline ecotone of Taibai Mountain. MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:487-497. [PMID: 28280941 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alpine treeline ecotones represent ecosystems that are vulnerable to climate change. We investigated the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) community, which has potential to stabilize alpine ecosystems. ECM communities associated with Larix chinensis were studied in four zones along a natural ecotone from a mixed forest stand over pure forest stands, the timberline, and eventually, the treeline (3050-3450 m) in Tabai Mountain, China. Sixty operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of ECM fungi were identified by sequencing the rDNA internal transcribed spacer of ECM tips. The richness of ECM species increased with elevation. The soil C/N ratio was the most important factor explaining ECM species richness. The treeline zone harbored some unique ECM fungi whereas no unique genera were observed in the timberline and pure forest zone. Elevation and topography were equally important factors influencing ECM communities in the alpine region. We suggest that a higher diversity of the ECM fungal community associated with L. chinensis in the treeline zone could result from niche differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Han
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Dongfeng Long
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
- Ningxia Helan Mountain Forest Ecosystem Orientational Research Station, Yinchuan, 750000, China.
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12
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Land-use types and soil chemical properties influence soil microbial communities in the semiarid Loess Plateau region in China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45289. [PMID: 28349918 PMCID: PMC5368647 DOI: 10.1038/srep45289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar land-use types usually have similar soil properties, and, most likely, similar microbial communities. Here, we assessed whether land-use types or soil chemical properties are the primary drivers of soil microbial community composition, and how changes in one part of the ecosystem affect another. We applied Ion Torrent sequencing to the bacterial and fungal communities of five different land-use (vegetation) types in the Loess Plateau of China. We found that the overall trend of soil quality was natural forest > plantation > bare land. Dominant bacterial phyla consisted of Proteobacteria (42.35%), Actinobacteria (15.61%), Acidobacteria (13.32%), Bacteroidetes (8.43%), and Gemmatimonadetes (6.0%). The dominant fungi phyla were Ascomycota (40.39%), Basidiomycota (38.01%), and Zygomycota (16.86%). The results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Redundancy Analysis (RDA) based on land-use types displayed groups according to the land-use types. Furthermore, the bacterial communities were mainly organized by soil organic carbon (SOC). The fungal communities were mainly related to available phosphorus (P). The results suggested that the changes of land use type generated changes in soil chemical properties, controlling the composition of microbial community in the semiarid Loess Plateau region. The microbial community could be an indicator for soil quality with respect to ecological restoration.
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13
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Long D, Liu J, Han Q, Wang X, Huang J. Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Populus simonii and Pinus tabuliformis in the hilly-gully region of the Loess Plateau, China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24336. [PMID: 27063338 PMCID: PMC4827030 DOI: 10.1038/srep24336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The Loess Plateau region of northwestern China has unique geological and dry/semi-dry climate characteristics. However, knowledge about ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities in the Loess Plateau is limited. In this study, we investigated EMF communities in Populus simonii and Pinus tabuliformis patches within the forest-steppe zone, in pine forests within the forest zone, and the transitional zone between them. We revealed high species richness (115 operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) of indigenous EMF resources at the Loess Plateau, of which Tomentella (35 OTUs), Inocybe (16), Sebacina (16), and Geopora (7) were the most OTU-rich lineages. EMF richness within the forest-steppe zone and the transitional zone was limited, while the natural pine forest maintained diverse EMF communities in the forest zone. The changes of EMF community richness and composition along arid eco-zones were highlighted for the complex factors including precipitation, soil factors, host, DBH, and altitude. Indicator analysis revealed that some EMF showed clear host preference and some taxa, i.e., genera Geopora and Inocybe, were dominant in drought and alkaline-saline conditions attributed to their environmental preference. This study revealed that EMF communities were quite limited in the forest-steppe zone, while the forest region contained diverse EMF communities in the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfeng Long
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Ningxia Helan Mountain Forest Ecosystem Orientational Research Station, Yinchuan, 750000, Ningxia, China
| | - Qisheng Han
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Huang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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14
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Kranabetter JM, Hawkins BJ, Jones MD, Robbins S, Dyer T, Li T. Species turnover (β-diversity) in ectomycorrhizal fungi linked to NH4+ uptake capacity. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5992-6005. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Kranabetter
- British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations; PO Box 9536 STN PROV GOVT Victoria British Columbia Canada V8W 9C4
| | - B. J. Hawkins
- Centre for Forest Biology; University of Victoria; PO Box 3020 STN CSC Victoria British Columbia Canada V8W 3N5
| | - M. D. Jones
- Biology Department; University of British Columbia; Okanagan Campus Sci-385 1177 Research Road Kelowna British Columbia Canada V4V 1V7
| | - S. Robbins
- Centre for Forest Biology; University of Victoria; PO Box 3020 STN CSC Victoria British Columbia Canada V8W 3N5
| | - T. Dyer
- Natural Resources Canada; Pacific Forestry Centre; 506 Burnside Road West Victoria British Columbia Canada V8Z 1M5
| | - T. Li
- Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources; Yunnan University; 2# Cuihu Road North Kunming China
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15
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Hwang J, Zhao Q, Yang ZL, Wang Z, Townsend JP. Solving the ecological puzzle of mycorrhizal associations using data from annotated collections and environmental samples - an example of saddle fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 7:658-667. [PMID: 26033481 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The relation between ecological and genetic divergence of Helvella species (saddle fungi) has been perplexing. While a few species have been clearly demonstrated to be ectomycorrhizal fungi, ecological roles of many other species have been controversial, alternately considered as either saprotrophic or mycorrhizal. We applied SATé to build an inclusive deoxyribonucleic acid sequence alignment for the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of annotated Helvella species and related environmental sequences. Phylogenetic informativeness of ITS and its regions were assessed using PhyDesign. Mycorrhizal lineages present a diversity of ecology, host type and geographic distribution. In two Helvella clades, no Helvella ITS sequences were recovered from root tips. Inclusion of environmental sequences in the ITS phylogeny from these sequences has the potential to link these data and reveal Helvella ecology. This study can serve as a model for revealing the diversity of relationships between unculturable fungi and their potential plant hosts. How non-mycorrhizal life styles within Helvella evolved will require expanded metagenomic investigation of soil and other environmental samples along with study of Helvella genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Hwang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhu L Yang
- Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Townsend
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 165 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Program in Microbiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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