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Figueiredo IAD, Ferreira SRD, Fernandes JM, Silva BA, Vasconcelos LHC, Cavalcante FA. A review of the pathophysiology and the role of ion channels on bronchial asthma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1236550. [PMID: 37841931 PMCID: PMC10568497 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1236550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the main non-communicable chronic diseases and affects a huge portion of the population. It is a multifactorial disease, classified into several phenotypes, being the allergic the most frequent. The pathophysiological mechanism of asthma involves a Th2-type immune response, with high concentrations of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E, eosinophilia, hyperreactivity and airway remodeling. These mechanisms are orchestrated by intracellular signaling from effector cells, such as lymphocytes and eosinophils. Ion channels play a fundamental role in maintaining the inflammatory response on asthma. In particular, transient receptor potential (TRP), stock-operated Ca2+ channels (SOCs), Ca2+-activated K+ channels (IKCa and BKCa), calcium-activated chloride channel (TMEM16A), cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (PIEZO1) and purinergic P2X receptor (P2X). The recognition of the participation of these channels in the pathological process of asthma is important, as they become pharmacological targets for the discovery of new drugs and/or pharmacological tools that effectively help the pharmacotherapeutic follow-up of this disease, as well as the more specific mechanisms involved in worsening asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indyra Alencar Duarte Figueiredo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Sarah Rebeca Dantas Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jayne Muniz Fernandes
- Graduação em Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Bagnólia Araújo da Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique César Vasconcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Fabiana de Andrade Cavalcante
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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Cai X, Mao Y, Shen X, Li H, He J, Zhang M. The extract from Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss. Prevents bronchial airway remodeling by inhibiting mouse bronchial wall thickening and hASMC proliferation and migration. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116047. [PMID: 36528211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bronchial asthma, a non-communicable chronic respiratory disease, affects people of all ages. An important pathological feature of bronchial asthma is airway remodeling. Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss. has been used to treat bronchial asthma for over 100 years in Uygur medicine. The ethanol extract of Hyssopus cuspidatus Boriss.(JAX2) can improve airway inflammation in asthma. However, the anti-asthmatic airway-remodeling effect of JAX2 is unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study investigated the anti-airway remodeling effect of JAX2 and elucidated its mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study established an ovalbumin-induced mouse model of asthma and platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced human airway smooth muscle cells (hASMCs) proliferation model, with dexamethasone (DEX) and feining tablets (FNP) designated as positive control drugs. Pathological changes in lung tissues were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Interleukin (IL)-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-33 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum of mice were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Changes in the expression and distribution of TGF-β1, p-ERK1/2, Smad2/3, and p-Smad3 in lung tissues were determined using immunohistochemistry. Western blotting (WB) was used to determine the protein levels of p-ERK1/2 in lung tissues and cells. MTS assay was used to determine the effects of JAX2 on cell proliferation. IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels in the cell supernatant were determined using ELISA. HASMCs migration was observed using the scratch and transwell methods. The effect of JAX2 on the hASMCs cycle was determined using flow cytometry. RESULTS JAX2 significantly improved the pathological status of lung tissues in asthmatic mice. It could also significantly reduce IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33 levels in the BALF and serum of asthmatic mice in a dose-dependent manner and significantly increase IL-10 levels. TGF-β1, p-ERK1/2, Smad2/3, and p-Smad3 expression in lung tissues were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The protein level of p-ERK1/2 in lung tissues was also reduced. JAX2 could significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of PDGF-BB-induced hASMCs. IL-5, IL-13, MMP-9, and MMP-2 levels decreased significantly, and IL-10 levels increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the cell supernatant. JAX2 could block hASMCs in the G0/G1 phase, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation. p-ERK1/2 protein levels were found to decrease in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS JAX2 significantly inhibits airway remodeling in asthma. Its mechanism of action may be inhibiting the proliferation and migration of hASMCs, releasing inflammatory factors and metalloproteinases, activating the ERK1/2 signal pathway, and promoting the secretion of anti-inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Cai
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830010, China.
| | - Yan Mao
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830010, China.
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Xinjiang Institute of Drug Control, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830002, China.
| | - Haifang Li
- Xinjiang Institute of Drug Control, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830002, China.
| | - Jinhua He
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830010, China.
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Xinjiang Institute of Drug Control, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830002, China.
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Song G, Yu S, Zhang Y, Sun M, Zhang B, Peng M. 2-Undecanone alleviates asthma by inhibiting NF-κB pathway. Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 101:101-111. [PMID: 36480816 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2022-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and remodeling. 2-Undecanone (methyl nonyl ketone), a volatile organic compound originating from Houttuynia cordata, has the potential to ameliorate inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to explore potential benefits of 2-undecanone in asthma. 2-Undecanone (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically to ovalbumin (OVA)-challenged BALB/c mice. Lung tissues were collected to observe histopathological changes, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for the detection of inflammatory cells and cytokine production. The results showed that 2-undecanone ameliorated OVA-induced pathologic changes of lungs, including reducing inflammatory cell infiltration, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway smooth muscle thickness. The number of inflammatory cells and the levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and IgE in BALF were decreased by 2-undecanone in asthmatic mice. Furthermore, abnormal activation of NF-κB pathway in lung tissues of asthmatic mice was impeded by 2-undecanone. In vitro, 2-undecanone (12.5, 25, or 50 µM) suppressed platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced proliferation and migration of primary airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), and inhibited the switching of ASMCs from contractile phenotype to synthetic phenotype. Consistently, 2-undecanone blocked NF-κB activation in ASMCs. Collectively, 2-undecanone relieves asthma through alleviating airway inflammation and remodeling, and this beneficial effect is achieved by inhibiting NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Suping Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bingxue Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Minghao Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Chronic allergic asthma alters m6A epitranscriptomic tagging of mRNAs and lncRNAs in the lung. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231936. [PMID: 36250525 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20221395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the role of m6A methylation of mRNAs and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in chronic allergic asthma. Transcriptome-wide N6-methyladenosine (m6A) changes in BALB/c mice were profiled using immunoprecipitated methylated RNAs with microarrays in lung with chronic allergic asthma. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses were conducted. Target genes were verified by methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Specifically, the mRNA levels of m6A writers (METTL3, METTL14, and WTAP), and readers and erasers (FTO and ALKBH5) were estimated by real-time PCR analysis, using the SYBR-green method. IL17RB mRNA was also evaluated by PCR. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining showed that the airway and lung tissues in mice in the asthma group had extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells around the bronchioles, blood vessels, and alveoli. The lungs of those allergic asthma mice showed altered m6A epitranscriptome, whereby 1369 mRNAs and 176 lncRNAs were hypermethylated, and 197 mRNAs and 30 lncRNAs were hypomethylated (>1.5-fold vs control). Also, compared with the control group, IL17RB mRNA in lung of the asthmatic group was significantly hypermethylated (P<0.01). In the asthma group, the mRNA and the protein level of METTL14 (the key methyltransferase) and ALKBH5 (the major demethyltransferase) were significantly decreased compared with the control group (P<0.01). Chronic allergic asthma alters the lung m6A epitranscriptome, suggesting functional implications in the pathophysiology of refractory asthma. Data support methylated IL17RB mRNA possibly becoming a new therapeutic target for chronic allergic asthma.
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Zhu J, Liu L, Ma X, Cao X, Chen Y, Qu X, Ji M, Liu H, Liu C, Qin X, Xiang Y. The Role of DNA Damage and Repair in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2292. [PMID: 36421478 PMCID: PMC9687113 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) increases yearly due to ineffective treatment. Given that the lung is exposed to the external environment, it is likely that oxidative stress, especially the stimulation of DNA, would be of particular importance in pulmonary fibrosis. DNA damage is known to play an important role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis initiation, so DNA repair systems targeting damage are also crucial for the survival of lung cells. Although many contemporary reports have summarized the role of individual DNA damage and repair pathways in their hypotheses, they have not focused on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This review, therefore, aims to provide a concise overview for researchers to understand the pathways of DNA damage and repair and their roles in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhu
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Lexin Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xiaodi Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Ming Ji
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Chi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
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Toti KS, Verma R, McGonnigle MJ, Gamiotea Turro D, Wen Z, Lewicki SA, Liang BT, Jacobson KA. Structure-Activity Relationship and Neuroprotective Activity of 1,5-Dihydro-2 H-naphtho[1,2- b][1,4]diazepine-2,4(3 H)-diones as P2X4 Receptor Antagonists. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13967-13987. [PMID: 36150180 PMCID: PMC9653265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the P2X4 receptor structure-activity relationship of a known antagonist 5, a 1,5-dihydro-2H-naphtho[1,2-b][1,4]diazepine-2,4(3H)-dione. Following extensive modification of the reported synthetic route, 4-pyridyl 21u (MRS4719) and 6-methyl 22c (MRS4596) analogues were most potent at human (h) P2X4R (IC50 0.503 and 1.38 μM, respectively, and selective versus hP2X1R, hP2X2/3R, hP2X3R). Thus, the naphthalene 6-, but not 7-position was amenable to substitution, and an N-phenyl ring aza-scan identified 21u with 3-fold higher activity than 5. Compounds 21u and 22c showed neuroprotective and learning- and memory-enhancing activities in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model of ischemic stroke, with potency of 21u > 22c. 21u dose-dependently reduced infarct volume and reduced brain atrophy at 3 and 35 days post-stroke, respectively. Relevant to clinical implication, 21u also reduced ATP-induced [Ca2+]i influx in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. This study indicates the translational potential of P2X4R antagonists for treating ischemic stroke, including in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran S Toti
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Rajkumar Verma
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
| | - Michael J McGonnigle
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
| | - Daylin Gamiotea Turro
- Department of Neuroscience, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
| | - Zhiwei Wen
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Sarah A Lewicki
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
| | - Bruce T Liang
- Calhoun Cardiology Center, UConn School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut 06032, United States
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-0810, United States
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Ren Y, Zhong X, Wang H, Chen Z, Liu Y, Zeng X, Ma Y. Chloroquine Attenuates Asthma Development by Restoring Airway Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotype Via the ROS-AKT Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:916508. [PMID: 35721212 PMCID: PMC9198701 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Switching of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell phenotype from differentiated-contractile to dedifferentiated-proliferative/synthetic state often occurs in asthmatic subjects with airway dysfunction. Evidence has been provided that chloroquine (an agonist of bitter taste receptors) presented benefits to ASM cell function implicated in asthma. However, the underlying mechanism is unclear. House dust mite (HDM)-sensitized mice were administered with chloroquine or dexamethasone before challenge. BALF and lung tissue were obtained for cell counting, histological analysis or ELISA. Primary cultured ASM cells were stimulated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 or H2O2. Cells and supernatant were collected for the detection of ASM phenotype, ROS level, and proinflammatory cytokine production. In HDM-sensitized mice, chloroquine attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), inflammation and remodeling with an inhibition of immunoglobulin E, IL-4/-13, and TGF-β1 in BALF. ASM cell proliferation (PCNA), hypertrophy (α-SMA), and parasecretion (MMP-9 and MMP-13) were strongly suppressed by chloroquine, hinting the rebalance of the heterogeneous ASM populations in asthmatic airway. Our data in vitro indicated that chloroquine markedly restrained maladaptive alteration in ASM phenotype in concert with a remission of ROS. Using H2O2 and PI3K inhibitor (LY294002), we found that the inhibition of oxidative stress level and ROS-AKT signal by chloroquine may serve as a potential mechanism that dedicates to the restoration of the phenotypic imbalance in ASM cells. Overall, the present findings suggested that chloroquine improves asthmatic airway function by controlling ASM cell phenotype shift, sketching a novel profile of chloroquine as a new therapeutic candidate for airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoning Zeng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Song D, Jiang Y, Zhao Q, Li J, Zhao Y. lncRNA-NEAT1 Sponges miR-128 to Promote Inflammatory Reaction and Phenotypic Transformation of Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7499911. [PMID: 35082915 PMCID: PMC8786537 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7499911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pediatric asthma is still a health threat to the children. Long noncoding RNA-NEAT1 (lncRNA-NEAT1) was reported to be positively correlated with the severity of asthma. We aimed to study the effects and mechanism of lncRNA-NEAT1on inflammatory reaction and phenotypic transformation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in the bronchial asthma. METHOD The degree of lncRNA-NEAT1 and miR-128 mRNA in children with bronchial asthma and healthy individuals was tested by qRT-PCR. After the inflammatory reaction and phenotypic transformation of PDGF-BB-induced ASMCs, the expression of lncRNA-NEAT1 or miR-128 in the AMSC was disturbed in the AMSC. Subsequently, the expression of lncRNA-NEAT1 and miR-128 was detected by the way of qRT-PCR, and western blot was applied to measure the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, α-SMA, calponin, NF-κB, and so on in the cells. The content of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 in the cell culture supernatant was checked by ELISA. MTT, Transwell, and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Further, the targeting relations between lncRNA-NEAT1 and miR-128 were evaluated by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULT In the sputum of children with bronchial asthma, lncRNA-NEAT1 was significantly upregulated while miR-128 was rapidly downregulated. Besides, lncRNA-NEAT1 and miR-128 were competitively combined and, for their expression, negatively correlated. CONCLUSION lncRNA-NEAT1 sponges miR-128 to boost PDGF-BB-induced inflammatory reaction and phenotypic transformation of ASMCs to aggravate the occurrence and development of childhood bronchial asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Song
- Department of Pediatric, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Yajing Jiang
- Department of Pediatric, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Qiuju Zhao
- Department of Pediatric, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Department of Pediatric, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
| | - Yuqi Zhao
- Department of Pediatric, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, China
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Platelets, Not an Insignificant Player in Development of Allergic Asthma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082038. [PMID: 34440807 PMCID: PMC8391764 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is a chronic and heterogeneous pulmonary disease in which platelets can be activated in an IgE-mediated pathway and migrate to the airways via CCR3-dependent mechanism. Activated platelets secrete IL-33, Dkk-1, and 5-HT or overexpress CD40L on the cell surfaces to induce Type 2 immune response or interact with TSLP-stimulated myeloid DCs through the RANK-RANKL-dependent manner to tune the sensitization stage of allergic asthma. Additionally, platelets can mediate leukocyte infiltration into the lungs through P-selectin-mediated interaction with PSGL-1 and upregulate integrin expression in activated leukocytes. Platelets release myl9/12 protein to recruit CD4+CD69+ T cells to the inflammatory sites. Bronchoactive mediators, enzymes, and ROS released by platelets also contribute to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. GM-CSF from platelets inhibits the eosinophil apoptosis, thus enhancing the chronic inflammatory response and tissue damage. Functional alterations in the mitochondria of platelets in allergic asthmatic lungs further confirm the role of platelets in the inflammation response. Given the extensive roles of platelets in allergic asthma, antiplatelet drugs have been tested in some allergic asthma patients. Therefore, elucidating the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma will provide us with new insights and lead to novel approaches in the treatment of this disease.
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Thompson RJ, Sayers I, Kuokkanen K, Hall IP. Purinergic Receptors in the Airways: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Asthma? FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:677677. [PMID: 35386996 PMCID: PMC8974712 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.677677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP functions as a signaling messenger through its actions on purinergic receptors, and is known to be involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes throughout the body, including in the lungs and airways. Consequently, purinergic receptors are considered to be promising therapeutic targets for many respiratory diseases, including asthma. This review explores how online bioinformatics resources combined with recently generated datasets can be utilized to investigate purinergic receptor gene expression in tissues and cell types of interest in respiratory disease to identify potential therapeutic targets, which can then be investigated further. These approaches show that different purinergic receptors are expressed at different levels in lung tissue, and that purinergic receptors tend to be expressed at higher levels in immune cells and at more moderate levels in airway structural cells. Notably, P2RX1, P2RX4, P2RX7, P2RY1, P2RY11, and P2RY14 were revealed as the most highly expressed purinergic receptors in lung tissue, therefore suggesting that these receptors have good potential as therapeutic targets for asthma and other respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Thompson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Kuokkanen
- Orion Corporation, Orion Pharma, Research and Development, Turku, Finland
| | - Ian P. Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, University of Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ian P. Hall
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Tong B, Fu L, Hu B, Zhang ZC, Tan ZX, Li SR, Chen YH, Zhang C, Wang H, Xu DX, Zhao H. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid alleviates pulmonary endoplasmic reticulum stress and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:149. [PMID: 33952237 PMCID: PMC8097922 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01514-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies demonstrate that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in the process of bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), a bile acid with chaperone properties, is an inhibitor of ER stress. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of TUDCA on BLM-induced EMT and lung fibrosis. Methods The model of lung fibrosis was established by intratracheal injection with a single dose of BLM (3.0 mg/kg). In TUDCA + BLM group, mice were intraperitoneally injected with TUDCA (250 mg/kg) daily. Results BLM-induced alveolar septal destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration were alleviated by TUDCA. BLM-induced interstitial collagen deposition, as determined by Sirius Red staining, was attenuated by TUDCA. BLM-induced elevation of pulmonary α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and reduction of pulmonary E-cadherin were attenuated by TUDCA. BLM-induced pulmonary Smad2/3 phosphorylation was suppressed by TUDCA. BLM-induced elevation of Ki67 and PCNA was inhibited by TUDCA in mice lungs. In addition, BLM-induced elevation of HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) and 3-NT (3-nitrotyrosine) was alleviated by TUDCA. Finally, BLM-induced upregulation of pulmonary GRP78 and CHOP was attenuated by TUDCA. Conclusions These results provide evidence that TUDCA pretreatment inhibits Smad2/3-medited EMT and subsequent lung fibrosis partially through suppressing BLM-induced ER stress and oxidative stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-021-01514-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tong
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Tong Ling People's Hospital, Tongling, 244000, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Biao Hu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.,Tong Ling People's Hospital, Tongling, 244000, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhu-Xia Tan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Se-Ruo Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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12
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Pan K, Lu J, Song Y. Artesunate ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced airway remodelling via PPAR-γ/TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathway. Respir Res 2021; 22:91. [PMID: 33757521 PMCID: PMC7989207 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-021-01687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodelling is the major pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and leads to poorly reversible airway obstruction. Current pharmacological interventions are ineffective in controlling airway remodelling. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of artesunate in preventing and treating airway remodelling and the underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. METHODS A COPD rat model was established by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. After 12 weeks of artesunate treatment, pathological changes in the lung tissues of COPD rats were examined by ELISA and histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. A lung functional experiment was also carried out to elucidate the effects of artesunate. Human bronchial smooth muscle (HBSM) cells were used to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Artesunate treatment inhibited CS-induced airway inflammation and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner and significantly reduced airway remodelling by inhibiting α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and cyclin D1 expression. PPAR-γ was upregulated and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling was inactivated by artesunate treatment in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, PPAR-γ knockdown by siRNA transfection abolished artesunate-mediated inhibition of HBSM cell proliferation by activiting the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signalling pathway and downregulating the expression of α-SMA and cyclin D1 in HBSM cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that artesunate could be used to treat airway remodelling by regulating PPAR-γ/TGF-β1/Smad signalling in the context of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Juanjuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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13
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Reyes-Espinosa F, Nieto-Pescador MG, Bocanegra-García V, Lozano-Guzmán E, Rivera G. In Silico Analysis of FDA Drugs as P2X4 Modulators for the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder. Mol Inform 2020; 39:e1900111. [PMID: 32511896 DOI: 10.1002/minf.201900111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the potential application of ivermectins in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Ivermectin is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of P2X4R and this molecule exerts its action in the transmembrane region (known as the TM region) of trimeric channel structure (the pocket formed by Asp331, Met336, Trp46, Trp50, and Tyr42). The aim of this study is to identify FDA drugs with potential PAM properties, by exploring the P2X4Rs from four organisms (Danio rerio, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, and Homo sapiens). The in silico study consists of carrying out the molecular docking of 1656 FDA-approved drugs on the structure of P2X4R, using the commercially available compounds from the ZINC15 database for virtual screening. To strengthen the reliability of the results, two docking protocols were used involving the use of two programs, Autodock 4.2 and Autodock Vina. Nine FDA drugs with potential PAM properties were identified. In addition, eight molecules with potential negative allosteric modulator (NAM) action, and 13 molecules with potential allosteric modulator (AM) action were identified. The FDA drugs identified in this study with PAM, NAM, and AM action, shared in the P2X4Rs of the four organisms, can provide a guideline to proceed with research concerning new drugs for the study and treatment of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Reyes-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710, Reynosa, México
| | - María G Nieto-Pescador
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, 34120, Durango, México
| | - Virgilio Bocanegra-García
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710, Reynosa, México
| | - Eduardo Lozano-Guzmán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, 34120, Durango, México
| | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 88710, Reynosa, México
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14
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Zhang WJ, Zhu ZM, Liu ZX. The role of P2X4 receptor in neuropathic pain and its pharmacological properties. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104875. [PMID: 32407956 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NPP) is a common symptom of most diseases in clinic, which seriously affects the mental health of patients and brings certain pain to patients. Due to its pathological mechanism is very complicated, and thus, its treatment has been one of the challenges in the field of medicine. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis and treatment approach of NPP has aroused the interest of many researchers. ATP is an important energy information substance, which participates in the signal transmission in the body. The P2 × 4 receptor (P2 × 4R) is dependent on ATP ligand-gated cationic channel receptor, which can be activated by ATP and plays an important role in the transmission of information in the nervous system and the formation of pain. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the structure and function of the P2 × 4R gene. We also discuss the pathogenesis of NPP and the intrinsic relationship between P2 × 4R and NPP. Moreover, we explore the pharmacological properties of P2 × 4R antagonists or inhibitors used as targeted therapies for NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China.
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China.
| | - Zeng-Xu Liu
- Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
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