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Rapic S, Vangestel C, Verhaeghe J, Thomae D, Pauwels P, Van den Wyngaert T, Staelens S, Stroobants S. Evaluation of [ 18F]Fluorothymidine as a Biomarker for Early Therapy Response in a Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 19:109-119. [PMID: 27324368 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-016-0974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In oncology, positron emission tomography imaging using dedicated tracers as biomarkers may assist in early evaluation of therapy efficacy. Using 3'-deoxy-3'-[18F]fluorothymidine ([18F]FLT), we investigated the early effects of chemotherapeutic treatment on cancer cell proliferation in a BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer xenograft model. PROCEDURES Colo205 subcutaneously inoculated animals underwent 90-min dynamic imaging before and 24 h after treatment with vehicle (control), cetuximab (resistant) or irinotecan (sensitive). Total distribution volume was quantified from dynamic data, and standardized uptake values as well as tumor-to-blood ratios were calculated from static images averaged over the last 20 min. In vivo imaging data was correlated with ex vivo proliferation and thymidine metabolism proteins. RESULTS All imaging parameters showed a significant post-treatment decrease from [18F]FLT baseline uptake for the irinotecan group (p ≤ 0.001) as compared with the cetuximab and vehicle group and correlated strongly with each other (p ≤ 0.0001). In vivo data were in agreement with Ki67 staining, showing a significantly lower percentage of Ki67-positive cells in the irinotecan group as compared with other groups (p ≤ 0.0001). Tumor expression of thymidine kinase 1 phosphorylated on serine 13, thymidylate synthase, and thymidine phosphorylase remained unaffected, while thymidine kinase 1 expression was, surprisingly, significantly higher in irinotecan-treated animals (p ≤ 0.01). In contrast, tumor ATP levels were lowest in this group. CONCLUSIONS [18F]FLT positron emission tomography was found to be a suitable biomarker of early tumor response to anti-proliferative treatment, with static imaging not being inferior to full compartmental analysis in our xenograft model. The dynamics of thymidine kinase 1 protein expression and protein activity in low ATP environments merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rapic
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christel Vangestel
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Verhaeghe
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - David Thomae
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Belgium.
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De Bruycker S, Vangestel C, Van den Wyngaert T, Wyffels L, Wouters A, Pauwels P, Staelens S, Stroobants S. Baseline [(18)F]FMISO μPET as a Predictive Biomarker for Response to HIF-1α Inhibition Combined with 5-FU Chemotherapy in a Human Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Model. Mol Imaging Biol 2017; 18:606-16. [PMID: 26728163 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to characterize imaging biomarkers for the potential benefit of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)α inhibition (by PX-12) during 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). PROCEDURES Therapy response to 5-FU ± PX-12 was assessed with baseline [(18)F]fluoromisonidazole ([(18)F]FMISO) and longitudinal 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) positron emission computed tomography (μPET/CT) in CRC xenograft model (n = 36) during breathing of a hypoxic (10 % O2) or normoxic (21 % O2) atmosphere. Ex vivo, immunohistochemistry was performed. RESULTS Baseline [(18)F]FMISO uptake and relative tumor volume (RTV) 2 days after 5-FU or 5-FU + PX-12 administration correlated significantly (p ≤ 0.01). Under hypoxic breathing conditions, [(18)F]FDG uptake (-53.1 ± 8.4 %) and Ki67 expression (-16 %) decreased and RTV stagnated in the 5-FU + PX-12 treatment group, but not in 5-FU alone-treated tumors. Under normoxic breathing, [(18)F]FDG uptake (-23.5 ± 15.2 % and -72.8 ± 7.1 %) and Ki67 expression (-5 % and -19 %) decreased and RTV stagnated in both the 5-FU and the combination treatment group, respectively. CONCLUSION Baseline [(18)F]FMISO μPET may predict the beneficial effect of HIF-1α inhibition during 5-FU chemotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven De Bruycker
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christel Vangestel
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Leonie Wyffels
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven Staelens
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sigrid Stroobants
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650, Edegem, Antwerp, Belgium.
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The Synergistic Effect of Selumetinib/Docetaxel Combination Therapy Monitored by [(18)F]FDG/[(18)F]FLT PET and Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Colorectal Tumor Xenograft Model. Mol Imaging Biol 2016; 18:249-57. [PMID: 26276154 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-015-0881-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Positron emission tomography (PET) and diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) were used to characterize the treatment effects of the MEK1/2 inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244), docetaxel, and their combination in HCT116 tumor-bearing mice on the molecular level. PROCEDURES Mice were treated with vehicle, selumetinib (25 mg/kg), docetaxel (15 mg/kg), or a combination of both drugs for 7 days and imaged at four time points with 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose ([(18)F]FDG) or 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine ([(18)F]FLT) followed by DW-MRI to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Data was cross-validated using the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and compared to histology (IHC). RESULTS Each drug led to tumor growth inhibition but their combination resulted in regression. Separate analysis of PET or ADC could not provide significant differences between groups. Only PCC combined with IHC analysis revealed the highest therapeutic impact for combination therapy. CONCLUSION Combination treatment of selumetinib/docetaxel was superior to the respective mono-therapies shown by PCC of PET and ADC in conjunction with histology.
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Heinzmann K, Honess DJ, Lewis DY, Smith DM, Cawthorne C, Keen H, Heskamp S, Schelhaas S, Witney TH, Soloviev D, Williams KJ, Jacobs AH, Aboagye EO, Griffiths JR, Brindle KM. The relationship between endogenous thymidine concentrations and [(18)F]FLT uptake in a range of preclinical tumour models. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:63. [PMID: 27515446 PMCID: PMC4980847 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F] fluorothymidine ([(18)F]FLT)) uptake depends on endogenous tumour thymidine concentration. The purpose of this study was to investigate tumour thymidine concentrations and whether they correlated with [(18)F]FLT uptake across a broad spectrum of murine cancer models. A modified liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was used to determine endogenous thymidine concentrations in plasma and tissues of tumour-bearing and non-tumour bearing mice and rats. Thymidine concentrations were determined in 22 tumour models, including xenografts, syngeneic and spontaneous tumours, from six research centres, and a subset was compared for [(18)F]FLT uptake, described by the maximum and mean tumour-to-liver uptake ratio (TTL) and SUV. RESULTS The LC-MS/MS method used to measure thymidine in plasma and tissue was modified to improve sensitivity and reproducibility. Thymidine concentrations determined in the plasma of 7 murine strains and one rat strain were between 0.61 ± 0.12 μM and 2.04 ± 0.64 μM, while the concentrations in 22 tumour models ranged from 0.54 ± 0.17 μM to 20.65 ± 3.65 μM. TTL at 60 min after [(18)F]FLT injection, determined in 14 of the 22 tumour models, ranged from 1.07 ± 0.16 to 5.22 ± 0.83 for the maximum and 0.67 ± 0.17 to 2.10 ± 0.18 for the mean uptake. TTL did not correlate with tumour thymidine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Endogenous tumour thymidine concentrations alone are not predictive of [(18)F]FLT uptake in murine cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Heinzmann
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Davina Jean Honess
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Yestin Lewis
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK-EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Christopher Cawthorne
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Present address: Positron Emission Tomography Research Centre, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Heather Keen
- Personalised Healthcare and Biomarkers, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Sandra Heskamp
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Schelhaas
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Timothy Howard Witney
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Present address: UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dmitry Soloviev
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- CRUK-EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kaye Janine Williams
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- CRUK-EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andreas Hans Jacobs
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität (WWU), University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eric Ofori Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Kevin Michael Brindle
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- CRUK-EPSRC Cancer Imaging Centre in Cambridge and Manchester, Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK.
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Keen HG, Ricketts SA, Maynard J, Logie A, Odedra R, Shannon AM, Wedge SR, Guichard SM. Examining Changes in [18 F]FDG and [18 F]FLT Uptake in U87-MG Glioma Xenografts as Early Response Biomarkers to Treatment with the Dual mTOR1/2 Inhibitor AZD8055. Mol Imaging Biol 2013; 16:421-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11307-013-0705-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Varoquaux A, Rager O, Lovblad KO, Masterson K, Dulguerov P, Ratib O, Becker CD, Becker M. Functional imaging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with diffusion-weighted MRI and FDG PET/CT: quantitative analysis of ADC and SUV. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013; 40:842-52. [PMID: 23436068 PMCID: PMC3644194 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-013-2351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) may cause a decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW MRI) and an increased standardized uptake value (SUV) on fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET/CT). We analysed the reproducibility of ADC and SUV measurements in HNSCC and evaluated whether these biomarkers are correlated or independent. Methods This retrospective analysis of DW MRI and FDG PET/CT data series included 34 HNSCC in 33 consecutive patients. Two experienced readers measured tumour ADC and SUV values independently. Statistical comparison and correlation with histopathology was done. Intra- and inter-observer agreement for ADC and SUV measurements was assessed. Results Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis showed almost perfect reproducibility (>0.90) for ADCmean, ADCmin, SUVmax and SUVmean values for intra-observer and inter-observer agreement. Mean ADCmean and ADCmin in HNSCC were 1.05 ± 0.34 × 10−3 mm2/s and 0.65 ± 0.29 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively. Mean SUVmean and mean SUVmax were 7.61 ± 3.87 and 12.8 ± 5.0, respectively. Although statistically not significant, a trend towards higher SUV and lower ADC was observed with increasing tumour dedifferentiation. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between ADC and SUV measurements (r −0.103, −0.051; p 0.552, 0.777). Conclusion Our data suggest that ADC and SUV values are reproducible and independent biomarkers in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Varoquaux
- Department of Radiology, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 14, Switzerland
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Functional imaging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with diffusion-weighted MRI and FDG PET/CT: quantitative analysis of ADC and SUV. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013. [PMID: 23436068 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-013-2351-9.pubmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) may cause a decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW MRI) and an increased standardized uptake value (SUV) on fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET/CT). We analysed the reproducibility of ADC and SUV measurements in HNSCC and evaluated whether these biomarkers are correlated or independent. METHODS This retrospective analysis of DW MRI and FDG PET/CT data series included 34 HNSCC in 33 consecutive patients. Two experienced readers measured tumour ADC and SUV values independently. Statistical comparison and correlation with histopathology was done. Intra- and inter-observer agreement for ADC and SUV measurements was assessed. RESULTS Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis showed almost perfect reproducibility (>0.90) for ADCmean, ADCmin, SUVmax and SUVmean values for intra-observer and inter-observer agreement. Mean ADCmean and ADCmin in HNSCC were 1.05 ± 0.34 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s and 0.65 ± 0.29 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s, respectively. Mean SUVmean and mean SUVmax were 7.61 ± 3.87 and 12.8 ± 5.0, respectively. Although statistically not significant, a trend towards higher SUV and lower ADC was observed with increasing tumour dedifferentiation. Pearson's correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between ADC and SUV measurements (r -0.103, -0.051; p 0.552, 0.777). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that ADC and SUV values are reproducible and independent biomarkers in HNSCC.
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Fuchs K, Kohlhofer U, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Lamparter D, Kötter I, Reischl G, Röcken M, Pichler BJ, Kneilling M. In vivo imaging of cell proliferation enables the detection of the extent of experimental rheumatoid arthritis by 3'-deoxy-3'-18f-fluorothymidine and small-animal PET. J Nucl Med 2012; 54:151-8. [PMID: 23213198 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.106740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of measuring cell proliferation noninvasively in vivo during different stages of experimental arthritis using the PET proliferation tracer 3'-deoxy-3'-(18)F-fluorothymidine ((18)F-FLT). METHODS We injected mice with serum containing glucose-6-phosphate-isomerase-specific antibodies to induce experimental arthritis, and we injected control mice with control serum. Animals injected with (18)F-FLT 1, 3, 6, and 8 d after the onset of disease were analyzed in vivo by PET, PET/CT, or PET/MR imaging followed by autoradiography analysis. The (18)F-FLT uptake in the ankles and forepaws was quantified on the basis of the PET images by drawing standardized regions of interest. To correlate the in vivo PET data with cell proliferation, we performed Ki-67 immunohistochemistry of diseased and healthy joints at the corresponding time points. RESULTS Analysis of the different stages of arthritic joint disease revealed enhanced (18)F-FLT uptake in arthritic ankles (2.2 ± 0.2 percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g]) and forepaws (2.1 ± 0.3 %ID/g), compared with healthy ankles (1.4 ± 0.3 %ID/g) and forepaws (1.5 ± 0.5 %ID/g), as early as 1 d after the glucose-6-phosphate-isomerase serum injection, a time point characterized by clear histologic signs of arthritis but only slight ankle swelling. The (18)F-FLT uptake in the ankles (3.5 ± 0.3 %ID/g) reached the maximum observed level at day 8. Ki-67 immunohistochemical staining of the arthritic ankles and forepaws revealed a strong correlation with the in vivo (18)F-FLT PET data. PET/CT and PET/MR imaging measurements enabled us to identify whether the (18)F-FLT uptake was located in the bone or the soft tissue. CONCLUSION Noninvasive in vivo measurement of cell proliferation in experimental arthritis using (18)F-FLT PET is a promising tool to investigate the extent of arthritic joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Fuchs
- Laboratory for Preclinical Imaging and Imaging Technology of the Werner Siemens-Foundation, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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