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Knopf P, Pacheco-Torres J, Zizmare L, Mori N, Wildes F, Zhou B, Krishnamachary B, Mironchik Y, Kneilling M, Trautwein C, Pichler BJ, Bhujwalla ZM. Metabolic fingerprinting by nuclear magnetic resonance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells during p53 reactivation-induced senescence. NMR Biomed 2024:e5157. [PMID: 38589764 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by stable cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells exhibit a senescence-associated secretory phenotype that can promote tumor progression. The aim of our study was to identify specific nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based markers of cancer cell senescence. For metabolic studies, we employed murine liver carcinoma Harvey Rat Sarcoma Virus (H-Ras) cells, in which reactivation of p53 expression induces senescence. Senescent and nonsenescent cell extracts were subjected to high-resolution proton (1H)-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics, and dynamic metabolic changes during senescence were analyzed using a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-compatible cell perfusion system. Additionally, the ability of intact senescent cells to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) was quantified in the cell perfusion system. Analysis of senescent H-Ras cell extracts revealed elevated sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, myoinositol, taurine, and creatine levels, with decreases in glycine, o-phosphocholine, threonine, and valine. These metabolic findings were accompanied by a greater degradation index of the ECM in senescent H-Ras cells than in control H-Ras cells. MRS studies with the cell perfusion system revealed elevated creatine levels in senescent cells on Day 4, confirming the 1H-NMR results. These senescence-associated changes in metabolism and ECM degradation strongly impact growth and redox metabolism and reveal potential MRS signals for detecting senescent cancer cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Knopf
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesus Pacheco-Torres
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Noriko Mori
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Flonne Wildes
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benyuan Zhou
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Bowden GD, Stotz S, Dunkel G, Haas S, Kimmerle E, Schaller M, Weigelin B, Herfert K, Pichler BJ, Maurer A. [ 18F] pFBC, a Covalent CLIP-Tag Radiotracer for Detection of Viral Reporter Gene Transfer in the Murine Brain. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:254-264. [PMID: 38308817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Preclinical models of neurological diseases and gene therapy are essential for neurobiological research. However, the evaluation of such models lacks reliable reporter systems for use with noninvasive imaging methods. Here, we report the development of a reporter system based on the CLIP-tag enzyme and [18F]pFBC, an 18F-labeled covalent CLIP-tag-ligand synthesized via a DoE-optimized and fully automated process. We demonstrated its specificity using a subcutaneous xenograft model and a model of viral vector-mediated brain gene transfer by engineering HEK293 cells and striatal neurons to express membrane-tethered CLIP-tag protein. After in vitro characterization of the reporter, mice carrying either CLIP-tag expressing or control subcutaneous xenografts underwent dynamic [18F]pFBC PET imaging. The CLIP-tag expressing xenografts showed a significantly higher uptake than control xenografts (tumor-to-muscle ratio 5.0 vs 1.7, p = 0.0379). In vivo, metabolite analysis by radio-HPLC from plasma and brain homogenates showed only one radio-metabolite in plasma and none in the brain. In addition, [18F]pFBC showed fast uptake and rapid clearance from the brain in animals injected with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-CLIP in the right striatum but no right-to-left (R-L) uptake difference in the striata in the acquired PET data. In contrast, autoradiography showed a clear accumulation of radioactivity in the AAV-CLIP-injected right striatum compared to the sham-injected left striatum control. CLIP-tag expression and brain integrity were verified by immunofluorescence and light sheet microscopy. In conclusion, we established a novel reporter gene system for PET imaging of gene expression in the brain and periphery and demonstrated its potential for a wide range of applications, particularly for neurobiological research and gene therapy with viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Bowden
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sophie Stotz
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gina Dunkel
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Haas
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elena Kimmerle
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bettina Weigelin
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Schmidt FP, Allen MS, Ladebeck R, Breuer J, Judenhofer M, Schmand M, Catana C, Pichler BJ. Evaluation of the MRI compatibility of PET detectors modules for organ-specific inserts in a 3T and 7T MRI scanner. Med Phys 2024; 51:991-1006. [PMID: 38150577 PMCID: PMC10923015 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and inserts are valuable tools for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring due to their complementary information. However, the integration of a PET system into an MRI scanner presents technical challenges for a distortion-free operation. PURPOSE We aim to develop a PET insert dedicated to breast imaging in combination with the 3T PET/MRI scanner Biograph mMR (Siemens Healthineers) as well as a brain PET insert for the 7T MRI scanner MAGNETOM Terra (Siemens Healthineers). For this development, we selected as a basis the C13500 series PET modules (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.) as they offer an all-in-one solution with a scalable, modular design for compact integration with state-of-the-art performance. The original PET modules were not designed to be operated with an MRI scanner, therefore we implemented several modifications such as signal transmission via plastic optical fiber, radio frequency (RF) shielding of the front-end electronics, and filter for the power supply lines. In this work, we evaluated the mutual MRI compatibility between the modified PET modules and the 3T and 7T MRI scanner. METHODS We used a proof-of-concept setup with two detectors to comprehensively evaluate a potential distortion of the performance of the modified PET modules whilst exposing them to a variety of MR sequences up to the peak operation conditions of the Biograph mMR. A method using the periodicity of the sequences to identify distortions of the PET events in the phase of RF pulse transmission was introduced. Vice versa, the potential distortion of the Biograph mMR was evaluated by vendor proprietary MRI compatibility test sequences. Afterwards, these studies were extended to the MAGNETOM Terra. RESULTS No distortions were introduced by gradient field switching (field strength up to 20 mT/m at a slew rate of 66.0 T/ms-1 ). However, RF pulse transmission induced a reduction of the single event rate from 33.0 kcounts/s to 32.0 kcounts/s and a degradation of the coincidence resolution time from 251 to 299 ps. Further, the proposed method revealed artifacts in the energy and timing histograms. Finally, by using the front-end filters it was possible to prevent any RF pulse induced distortion of event rate, energy, or time stamps even for a 700° flip angle (45.5 μT) sequence. The evaluations to assess potential distortions of the MRI scanner showed that carefully designed RF shielding boxes for the PET modules were required to prevent distortion of the RF spectra. The increase in B0 field inhomogeneity of 0.254 ppm and local changes of the B1 field of 12.5% introduced by the PET modules did not qualitatively affect the MR imaging with a spin echo and MPRAGE sequence for the Biograph mMR and the MAGNETOM Terra, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using a modified version of the PET modules in combination with 3T and 7T MRI scanners. Building upon the encouraging MRI compatibility results from our proof-of-concept detectors, we will proceed to develop PET inserts for breast and brain imaging using these modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian P Schmidt
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Magdelena S Allen
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, USA
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Ralf Ladebeck
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Magnetic Resonance, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Breuer
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Molecular Imaging, Forchheim, Germany
| | - Martin Judenhofer
- Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Knoxville, USA
| | - Matthias Schmand
- Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Knoxville, USA
| | - Ciprian Catana
- Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies,", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Yang Q, Deng S, Preibsch H, Schade T, Koch A, Berezhnoy G, Zizmare L, Fischer A, Gückel B, Staebler A, Hartkopf AD, Pichler BJ, la Fougère C, Hahn M, Bonzheim I, Nikolaou K, Trautwein C. Image-guided metabolomics and transcriptomics reveal tumour heterogeneity in luminal A and B human breast cancer beyond glucose tracer uptake. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1550. [PMID: 38332687 PMCID: PMC10853679 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is a metabolically heterogeneous disease, and although the concept of heterogeneous cancer metabolism is known, its precise role in human breast cancer is yet to be fully elucidated. METHODS We investigated in an explorative approach a cohort of 42 primary mamma carcinoma patients with positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) prior to surgery, followed by histopathology and molecular diagnosis. From a subset of patients, which showed high metabolic heterogeneity based on tracer uptake and pathology classification, tumour centre and periphery specimen tissue samples were further investigated by a targeted breast cancer gene expression panel and quantitative metabolomics by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. All data were analysed in a combinatory approach. RESULTS [18 F]FDG (2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-d-glucose) tracer uptake confirmed dominance of glucose metabolism in the breast tumour centre, with lower levels in the periphery. Additionally, we observed differences in lipid and proliferation related genes between luminal A and B subtypes in the centre and periphery. Tumour periphery showed elevated acetate levels and enrichment in lipid metabolic pathways genes especially in luminal B. Furthermore, serine was increased in the periphery and higher expression of thymidylate synthase (TYMS) indicated one-carbon metabolism increased in tumour periphery. The overall metabolic activity based on [18 F]FDG uptake of luminal B subtype was higher than that of luminal A and the difference between the periphery and centre increased with tumour grade. CONCLUSION Our analysis indicates variations in metabolism among different breast cancer subtypes and sampling locations which details the heterogeneity of the breast tumours. Correlation analysis of [18 F]FDG tracer uptake, transcriptome and tumour metabolites like acetate and serine facilitate the search for new candidates for metabolic tracers and permit distinguishing luminal A and B. This knowledge may help to differentiate subtypes preclinically or to provide patients guide for neoadjuvant therapy and optimised surgical protocols based on individual tumour metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlu Yang
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyWerner Siemens Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Sisi Deng
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyWerner Siemens Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Heike Preibsch
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Tim‐Colin Schade
- Department of Pathology and NeuropathologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Women's HealthUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Georgy Berezhnoy
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyWerner Siemens Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyWerner Siemens Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Anna Fischer
- Department of Pathology and NeuropathologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Brigitte Gückel
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Annette Staebler
- Department of Pathology and NeuropathologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | | | - Bernd J. Pichler
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyWerner Siemens Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- German Cancer Research CenterGerman Cancer Consortium DKTKPartner Site TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- German Cancer Research CenterGerman Cancer Consortium DKTKPartner Site TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular ImagingUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Markus Hahn
- Department of Women's HealthUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Irina Bonzheim
- Department of Pathology and NeuropathologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- German Cancer Research CenterGerman Cancer Consortium DKTKPartner Site TuebingenTuebingenGermany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and RadiopharmacyWerner Siemens Imaging CenterUniversity Hospital TuebingenTuebingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”University of TuebingenTuebingenGermany
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5
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Trautwein NF, Schwenck J, Seitz C, Seith F, Calderón E, von Beschwitz S, Singer S, Reischl G, Handgretinger R, Schäfer J, Lang P, Pichler BJ, Schulte JH, la Fougère C, Dittmann H. A novel approach to guide GD2-targeted therapy in pediatric tumors by PET and [ 64Cu]Cu-NOTA-ch14.18/CHO. Theranostics 2024; 14:1212-1223. [PMID: 38323317 PMCID: PMC10845206 DOI: 10.7150/thno.92481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The tumor-associated disialoganglioside GD2 is a bona fide immunotherapy target in neuroblastoma and other childhood tumors, including Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma. GD2-targeting antibodies proved to be effective in neuroblastoma and GD2-targeting chimeric antigen receptors (CAR)- expressing T cells as well as natural killer T cells (NKTs) are emerging. However, assessment of intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity has been complicated by ineffective immunohistochemistry as well as sampling bias in disseminated disease. Therefore, a non-invasive approach for the assessment and visualization of GD2 expression in-vivo is of upmost interest and might enable a more appropriate treatment stratification. Methods: Recently, [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-ch14.18/CHO (64Cu-GD2), a radiolabeled GD2-antibody for imaging with Positron-Emission-Tomography (PET) was developed. We here report our first clinical patients' series (n = 11) in different pediatric tumors assessed with 64Cu-GD2 PET/MRI. GD2-expression in tumors and tissue uptake in organs was evaluated by semiquantitative measurements of standardized uptake values (SUV) with PET/MRI on day 1 p.i. (n = 11) as well as on day 2 p.i. (n = 6). Results: In 8 of 9 patients with suspicious tumor lesions on PET/MRI at least one metastasis showed an increased 64Cu-GD2 uptake and a high tracer uptake (SUVmax > 10) was measured in 4 of those 8 patients. Of note, sufficient image quality with high tumor to background contrast was readily achieved on day 1. In case of 64Cu-GD2-positive lesions, an excellent tumor to background ratio (at least 6:1) was observed in bones, muscles or lungs, while lower tumor to background contrast was seen in the spleen, liver and kidneys. Furthermore, we demonstrated extensive tumor heterogeneity between patients as well as among different metastatic sites in individual patients. Dosimetry assessment revealed a whole-body dose of only 0.03 mGy/MBq (range 0.02-0.04). Conclusion: 64Cu-GD2 PET/MRI enables the non-invasive assessment of individual heterogeneity of GD2 expression, which challenges our current clinical practice of patient selection, stratification and immunotherapy application scheme for treatment with anti-GD2 directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Florian Trautwein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University of Tübingen
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen
| | - Johannes Schwenck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University of Tübingen
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen
| | - Christian Seitz
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen
| | - Ferdinand Seith
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen
| | - Eduardo Calderón
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University of Tübingen
| | | | - Stephan Singer
- Department of Pathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen
| | | | - Jürgen Schäfer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tübingen
| | - Peter Lang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Tübingen
| | - Bernd J. Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Christian la Fougère
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University of Tübingen
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut Dittmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University of Tübingen
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6
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Wagner TR, Blaess S, Leske IB, Frecot DI, Gramlich M, Traenkle B, Kaiser PD, Seyfried D, Maier S, Rezza A, Sônego F, Thiam K, Pezzana S, Zeck A, Gouttefangeas C, Scholz AM, Nueske S, Maurer A, Kneilling M, Pichler BJ, Sonanini D, Rothbauer U. Two birds with one stone: human SIRPα nanobodies for functional modulation and in vivo imaging of myeloid cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264179. [PMID: 38164132 PMCID: PMC10757926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal-regulatory protein α (SIRPα) expressed by myeloid cells is of particular interest for therapeutic strategies targeting the interaction between SIRPα and the "don't eat me" ligand CD47 and as a marker to monitor macrophage infiltration into tumor lesions. To address both approaches, we developed a set of novel human SIRPα (hSIRPα)-specific nanobodies (Nbs). We identified high-affinity Nbs targeting the hSIRPα/hCD47 interface, thereby enhancing antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. For non-invasive in vivo imaging, we chose S36 Nb as a non-modulating binder. By quantitative positron emission tomography in novel hSIRPα/hCD47 knock-in mice, we demonstrated the applicability of 64Cu-hSIRPα-S36 Nb to visualize tumor infiltration of myeloid cells. We envision that the hSIRPα-Nbs presented in this study have potential as versatile theranostic probes, including novel myeloid-specific checkpoint inhibitors for combinatorial treatment approaches and for in vivo stratification and monitoring of individual responses during cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa R. Wagner
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Blaess
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Inga B. Leske
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Desiree I. Frecot
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Gramlich
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Philipp D. Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Seyfried
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Maier
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Amélie Rezza
- Preclinical Models & Services, genOway, Lyon, France
| | | | - Kader Thiam
- Preclinical Models & Services, genOway, Lyon, France
| | - Stefania Pezzana
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne Zeck
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Cécile Gouttefangeas
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Armin M. Scholz
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Nueske
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J. Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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7
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Knopf P, Stowbur D, Hoffmann SHL, Hermann N, Maurer A, Bucher V, Poxleitner M, Tako B, Sonanini D, Krishnamachary B, Sinharay S, Fehrenbacher B, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Reckmann F, Bomze D, Flatz L, Kramer D, Schaller M, Forchhammer S, Bhujwalla ZM, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Schulze-Osthoff K, Pagel MD, Fransen MF, Röcken M, Martins AF, Pichler BJ, Ghoreschi K, Kneilling M. Acidosis-mediated increase in IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression on cancer cells as an immune escape mechanism in solid tumors. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:207. [PMID: 38102680 PMCID: PMC10722725 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy, yet the efficacy of these treatments is often limited by the heterogeneous and hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors. In the TME, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on cancer cells is mainly regulated by Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which induces T cell exhaustion and enables tumor immune evasion. In this study, we demonstrate that acidosis, a common characteristic of solid tumors, significantly increases IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression on aggressive cancer cells, thus promoting immune escape. Using preclinical models, we found that acidosis enhances the genomic expression and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), and the translation of STAT1 mRNA by eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (elF4F), resulting in an increased PD-L1 expression. We observed this effect in murine and human anti-PD-L1-responsive tumor cell lines, but not in anti-PD-L1-nonresponsive tumor cell lines. In vivo studies fully validated our in vitro findings and revealed that neutralizing the acidic extracellular tumor pH by sodium bicarbonate treatment suppresses IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression and promotes immune cell infiltration in responsive tumors and thus reduces tumor growth. However, this effect was not observed in anti-PD-L1-nonresponsive tumors. In vivo experiments in tumor-bearing IFN-γ-/- mice validated the dependency on immune cell-derived IFN-γ for acidosis-mediated cancer cell PD-L1 induction and tumor immune escape. Thus, acidosis and IFN-γ-induced elevation of PD-L1 expression on cancer cells represent a previously unknown immune escape mechanism that may serve as a novel biomarker for anti-PD-L1/PD-1 treatment response. These findings have important implications for the development of new strategies to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Knopf
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dimitri Stowbur
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina H L Hoffmann
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Hermann
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valentina Bucher
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marilena Poxleitner
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bredi Tako
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanhita Sinharay
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | | | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Reckmann
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Bomze
- Department of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Kramer
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark D Pagel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Röcken
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - André F Martins
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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8
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Di Nanni A, Saw RS, Battisti UM, Bowden GD, Boeckermann A, Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Pichler BJ, Herfert K, Herth MM, Maurer A. A Fluorescent Probe as a Lead Compound for a Selective α-Synuclein PET Tracer: Development of a Library of 2-Styrylbenzothiazoles and Biological Evaluation of [ 18F]PFSB and [ 18F]MFSB. ACS Omega 2023; 8:31450-31467. [PMID: 37663501 PMCID: PMC10468942 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
A method to detect and quantify aggregated α-synuclein (αSYN) fibrils in vivo would drastically impact the current understanding of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, revolutionizing their diagnosis and treatment. Several efforts have produced promising scaffolds, but a notable challenge has hampered the establishment of a clinically successful αSYN positron emission tomography (PET) tracer: the requirement of high selectivity over the other misfolded proteins amyloid β (Aβ) and tau. By designing and screening a library of 2-styrylbenzothiazoles based on the selective fluorescent probe RB1, this study aimed at developing a selective αSYN PET tracer. [3H]PiB competition binding assays identified PFSB (Ki = 25.4 ± 2.3 nM) and its less lipophilic analogue MFSB, which exhibited enhanced affinity to αSYN (Ki = 10.3 ± 4.7 nM) and preserved selectivity over Aβ. The two lead compounds were labeled with fluorine-18 and evaluated using in vitro autoradiography on human brain slices, where they demonstrated up to 4-fold increased specific binding in MSA cases compared to the corresponding control, reasonably reflecting selective binding to αSYN pathology. In vivo PET imaging showed [18F]MFSB successfully crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and is taken up in the brain (SUV = 1.79 ± 0.02). Although its pharmacokinetic profile raises the need for additional structural optimization, [18F]MFSB represents a critical step forward in the development of a successful αSYN PET tracer by overcoming the major challenge of αSYN/Aβ selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Di Nanni
- Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ran Sing Saw
- Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Umberto M. Battisti
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregory D. Bowden
- Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally
Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adam Boeckermann
- Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Bernd J. Pichler
- Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally
Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department
of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej
9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster
of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally
Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard
Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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9
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Katiyar P, Schwenck J, Frauenfeld L, Divine MR, Agrawal V, Kohlhofer U, Gatidis S, Kontermann R, Königsrainer A, Quintanilla-Martinez L, la Fougère C, Schölkopf B, Pichler BJ, Disselhorst JA. Quantification of intratumoural heterogeneity in mice and patients via machine-learning models trained on PET-MRI data. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:1014-1027. [PMID: 37277483 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In oncology, intratumoural heterogeneity is closely linked with the efficacy of therapy, and can be partially characterized via tumour biopsies. Here we show that intratumoural heterogeneity can be characterized spatially via phenotype-specific, multi-view learning classifiers trained with data from dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Classifiers trained with PET-MRI data from mice with subcutaneous colon cancer quantified phenotypic changes resulting from an apoptosis-inducing targeted therapeutic and provided biologically relevant probability maps of tumour-tissue subtypes. When applied to retrospective PET-MRI data of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer, the trained classifiers characterized intratumoural tissue subregions in agreement with tumour histology. The spatial characterization of intratumoural heterogeneity in mice and patients via multimodal, multiparametric imaging aided by machine-learning may facilitate applications in precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Katiyar
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwenck
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leonie Frauenfeld
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mathew R Divine
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vaibhav Agrawal
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Kohlhofer
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sergios Gatidis
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Kontermann
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, SRCSB, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alfred Königsrainer
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schölkopf
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jonathan A Disselhorst
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Boeke S, Winter RM, Leibfarth S, Krueger MA, Bowden G, Cotton J, Pichler BJ, Zips D, Thorwarth D. Machine learning identifies multi-parametric functional PET/MR imaging cluster to predict radiation resistance in preclinical head and neck cancer models. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:3084-3096. [PMID: 37148296 PMCID: PMC10382355 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor hypoxia and other microenvironmental factors are key determinants of treatment resistance. Hypoxia positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are established prognostic imaging modalities to identify radiation resistance in head-and-neck cancer (HNC). The aim of this preclinical study was to develop a multi-parametric imaging parameter specifically for focal radiotherapy (RT) dose escalation using HNC xenografts of different radiation sensitivities. METHODS A total of eight human HNC xenograft models were implanted into 68 immunodeficient mice. Combined PET/MRI using dynamic [18F]-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) hypoxia PET, diffusion-weighted (DW), and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was carried out before and after fractionated RT (10 × 2 Gy). Imaging data were analyzed on voxel-basis using principal component (PC) analysis for dynamic data and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) for DW-MRI. A data- and hypothesis-driven machine learning model was trained to identify clusters of high-risk subvolumes (HRSs) from multi-dimensional (1-5D) pre-clinical imaging data before and after RT. The stratification potential of each 1D to 5D model with respect to radiation sensitivity was evaluated using Cohen's d-score and compared to classical features such as mean/peak/maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmean/peak/max) and tumor-to-muscle-ratios (TMRpeak/max) as well as minimum/valley/maximum/mean ADC. RESULTS Complete 5D imaging data were available for 42 animals. The final preclinical model for HRS identification at baseline yielding the highest stratification potential was defined in 3D imaging space based on ADC and two FMISO PCs ([Formula: see text]). In 1D imaging space, only clusters of ADC revealed significant stratification potential ([Formula: see text]). Among all classical features, only ADCvalley showed significant correlation to radiation resistance ([Formula: see text]). After 2 weeks of RT, FMISO_c1 showed significant correlation to radiation resistance ([Formula: see text]). CONCLUSION A quantitative imaging metric was described in a preclinical study indicating that radiation-resistant subvolumes in HNC may be detected by clusters of ADC and FMISO using combined PET/MRI which are potential targets for future functional image-guided RT dose-painting approaches and require clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Boeke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - René M Winter
- Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Leibfarth
- Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcel A Krueger
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gregory Bowden
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Cotton
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zips
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Thorwarth
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Section for Biomedical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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11
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Parkins KM, Krishnamachary B, Jacob D, Kakkad SM, Solaiyappan M, Mishra A, Mironchik Y, Penet MF, McMahon MT, Knopf P, Pichler BJ, Nimmagadda S, Bhujwalla ZM. PET/MRI and Bioluminescent Imaging Identify Hypoxia as a Cause of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Image Heterogeneity. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2023; 5:e220138. [PMID: 37389448 PMCID: PMC10413302 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.220138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To examine the association between hypoxia and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and PET/MRI in a syngeneic mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials and Methods PET/MRI and optical imaging were used to determine the role of hypoxia in altering PD-L1 expression using a syngeneic TNBC model engineered to express luciferase under hypoxia. Results Imaging showed a close spatial association between areas of hypoxia and increased PD-L1 expression in the syngeneic murine (4T1) tumor model. Mouse and human TNBC cells exposed to hypoxia exhibited a significant increase in PD-L1 expression, consistent with the in vivo imaging data. The role of hypoxia in increasing PD-L1 expression was further confirmed by using The Cancer Genome Atlas analyses of different human TNBCs. Conclusion These results have identified the potential role of hypoxia in contributing to PD-L1 heterogeneity in tumors by increasing cancer cell PD-L1 expression. Keywords: Hypoxia, PD-L1, Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, PET/MRI, Bioluminescence Imaging Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Desmond Jacob
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Samata M. Kakkad
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Meiyappan Solaiyappan
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Akhilesh Mishra
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Marie-France Penet
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Philipp Knopf
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Bernd J. Pichler
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
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12
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Isser S, Maurer A, Reischl G, Schaller M, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Gawaz M, Pichler BJ, Beziere N. Radiolabeled GPVI-Fc for PET Imaging of Multiple Extracellular Matrix Fibers: A New Look into Pulmonary Fibrosis Progression. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:940-945. [PMID: 36702555 PMCID: PMC10241016 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariably fatal and with a particularly fast progression, pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is currently devoid of curative treatment options. Routine clinical diagnosis relies on breathing tests and visualizing the changes in lung structure by CT, but anatomic information is often not sufficient to identify early signs of progressive PF. For more efficient diagnosis, additional imaging techniques were investigated in combination with CT, such as 18F-FDG PET, although with limited success because of lack of disease specificity. Therefore, novel molecular targets enabling specific diagnosis are investigated, in particular for molecular imaging techniques. Methods: In this study, we used a 64Cu-radiolabeled platelet glycoprotein VI fusion protein (64Cu-GPVI-Fc) targeting extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers as a PET tracer to observe longitudinal ECM remodeling in a bleomycin-induced PF mouse model. Results: 64Cu-GPVI-Fc showed significant uptake in fibrotic lungs, matching histology results. Contrary to 18F-FDG PET measurements, 64Cu-GPVI-Fc uptake was linked entirely to the fibrotic activity of tissue and not was susceptible to inflammation. Conclusion: Our study highlights 64Cu-GPVI-Fc as a specific tracer for ECM remodeling in PF, with clear therapy-monitoring and clinical translation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Isser
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2180, "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2180, "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2180, "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2180, "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2180, "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Beziere
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124, "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections," Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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13
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Schwenck J, Sonanini D, Cotton JM, Rammensee HG, la Fougère C, Zender L, Pichler BJ. Advances in PET imaging of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41568-023-00576-4. [PMID: 37258875 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has experienced enormous advancements in the areas of imaging technology, imaging probe and contrast development, and data quality, as well as machine learning-based data analysis. Positron emission tomography (PET) and its combination with computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a multimodality PET-CT or PET-MRI system offer a wealth of molecular, functional and morphological data with a single patient scan. Despite the recent technical advances and the availability of dozens of disease-specific contrast and imaging probes, only a few parameters, such as tumour size or the mean tracer uptake, are used for the evaluation of images in clinical practice. Multiparametric in vivo imaging data not only are highly quantitative but also can provide invaluable information about pathophysiology, receptor expression, metabolism, or morphological and functional features of tumours, such as pH, oxygenation or tissue density, as well as pharmacodynamic properties of drugs, to measure drug response with a contrast agent. It can further quantitatively map and spatially resolve the intertumoural and intratumoural heterogeneity, providing insights into tumour vulnerabilities for target-specific therapeutic interventions. Failure to exploit and integrate the full potential of such powerful imaging data may lead to a lost opportunity in which patients do not receive the best possible care. With the desire to implement personalized medicine in the cancer clinic, the full comprehensive diagnostic power of multiplexed imaging should be utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schwenck
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Cotton
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Immunology, IFIZ Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Medical Oncology and Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumour Therapies', Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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14
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Di Nanni A, Saw RS, Bowden GD, Bidesi NSR, Bjerregaard-Andersen K, Korat Š, Herth MM, Pichler BJ, Herfert K, Maurer A. The Structural Combination of SIL and MODAG Scaffolds Fails to Enhance Binding to α-Synuclein but Reveals Promising Affinity to Amyloid β. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104001. [PMID: 37241742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A technique to image α-synuclein (αSYN) fibrils in vivo is an unmet scientific and clinical need that would represent a transformative tool in the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases. Several classes of compounds have shown promising results as potential PET tracers, but no candidate has yet exhibited the affinity and selectivity required to reach clinical application. We hypothesized that the application of the rational drug design technique of molecular hybridization to two promising lead scaffolds could enhance the binding to αSYN up to the fulfillment of those requirements. By combining the structures of SIL and MODAG tracers, we developed a library of diarylpyrazoles (DAPs). In vitro evaluation through competition assays against [3H]SIL26 and [3H]MODAG-001 showed the novel hybrid scaffold to have preferential binding affinity for amyloid β (Aβ) over αSYN fibrils. A ring-opening modification on the phenothiazine building block to produce analogs with increased three-dimensional flexibility did not result in an improved αSYN binding but a complete loss of competition, as well as a significant reduction in Aβ affinity. The combination of the phenothiazine and the 3,5-diphenylpyrazole scaffolds into DAP hybrids did not generate an enhanced αSYN PET tracer lead compound. Instead, these efforts identified a scaffold for promising Aβ ligands that may be relevant to the treatment and monitoring of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Di Nanni
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ran Sing Saw
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gregory D Bowden
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natasha S R Bidesi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Department of Antibody Engineering and Biochemistry, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Špela Korat
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, 1117 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, 1117 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medicinal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Schmidt FP, Krämer JC, Parl C, Schmand M, Pichler BJ. Evaluation of a modular all-in-one high-resolution PET detector and readout electronics setup. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68. [PMID: 37164021 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acd432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective
The all-in-one solution and modularity of the C13500 series TOF-PET detector modules (Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan) make them a highly attractive candidate for the development of positron emission tomography (PET) systems. However, the commercially available portfolio targets clinical whole-body PET systems with a scintillation crystal cross area of 3.1×3.1 mm3. To extend the modules for high resolution (preclinical or organ specific) systems, the support for smaller scintillation crystals is required.
Approach
In this work, a PET detector was developed based on the TOF-PET modules using a light sharing approach, 16×16 lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillation crystals with a size of 1.51×1.51×10.00 mm3 readout with 8×8 photosensor channels of size 3.0×3.0 mm2. In addition to hardware and software development, the optimized parameter settings for the adapted configuration were evaluated. 
Main Results
A factor of two in amplification of the analog signal compared to the minimum gain setting was necessary for an accurate crystal identification (peak-to-valley ratio 14.9±5.9). A further increase to a factor of three was not determined as optimum as the time over threshold duration, thus pile-up probability, increased from 1032.1±109.5 ns to 1789.5±218.5 ns (photopeak position). With this amplification a full width at half maximum (FWHM) energy resolution of 14.1±2.0 % and a high linearity of the energy detection was obtained. 
A FWHM coincidence resolving time (CRT) of 313 ps was achieved by using a low timing threshold, increasing the bandwidth of the front-end circuit and using a narrow ±1σ energy window. To approximately double the sensitivity and reduce the power consumption, the timing parameters were adjusted resulting in a FWHM CRT of 354 ps (±2σ). 
Significance
Based on the results obtained with the proof-of-concept detector setup, we confirm the modularity and flexibility of the all-in-one TOF-PET detector modules for the future development of application-specific high-resolution PET systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian P Schmidt
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard- Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, Tuebingen, 72076, GERMANY
| | - Johannes C Krämer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard- Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, Tuebingen, 72076, GERMANY
| | - Christoph Parl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard- Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, Tuebingen, 72076, GERMANY
| | - Matthias Schmand
- Molecular Imaging, Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc., Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37853, UNITED STATES
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard- Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, Tuebingen, 72076, GERMANY
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16
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Schwenck J, Sonanini D, Seyfried D, Ehrlichmann W, Kienzle G, Reischl G, Krezer P, Wilson I, Korn R, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Seith F, Forschner A, Eigentler T, Zender L, Röcken M, Pichler BJ, Flatz L, Kneilling M, la Fougere C. In vivo imaging of CD8 + T cells in metastatic cancer patients: first clinical experience with simultaneous [ 89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C PET/MRI. Theranostics 2023; 13:2408-2423. [PMID: 37215571 PMCID: PMC10196830 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim/Introduction: Despite the spectacular success of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICT) in patients with metastatic cancer, only a limited proportion of patients benefit from ICT. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are important gatekeepers for the therapeutic response to ICT and are able to recognize MHC class I-dependent tumor antigens and destroy tumor cells. The radiolabeled minibody [89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C has a high affinity for human CD8+ T cells and was successfully tested in a phase I study. Here, we aimed to gain the first clinical PET/MRI experience with the noninvasive assessment of the CD8+ T-cell distribution in cancer patients by in vivo [89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C with a distinct focus of identifying potential signatures of successful ICT. Material and Methods: We investigated 8 patients with metastasized cancers undergoing ICT. Radiolabeling of Df-IAB22M2C with Zr-89 was performed according to Good Manufacturing Practice. Multiparametric PET/MRI was acquired 24 h after injection of 74.2±17.9 MBq [89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C. We analyzed [89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C uptake within the metastases and within primary and secondary lymphatic organs. Results: [89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C injection was tolerated well without noticeable side effects. The CD8 PET/MRI data acquisitions 24 hours post-administration of [89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C revealed good image quality with a relatively low background signal due to only low unspecific tissue uptake and marginal blood pool retention. Only two metastatic lesions showed markedly increased tracer uptake in our cohort of patients. Furthermore, we observed high interpatient variability in [89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C uptake within the primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Four out of five ICT patients exhibited rather high [89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C uptake in the bone marrow. Two of these four patients as well as two other patients yielded pronounced [89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C uptake within nonmetastatic lymph nodes. Interestingly, cancer progression in ICT patients was associated with a relatively low [89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C uptake in the spleen compared to the liver in 4 out of the 6 patients. Lymph nodes with enhanced [89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C uptake revealed significantly reduced apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in diffusion weighted MRI. Conclusion: Our first clinical experiences revealed the feasibility of [89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C PET/MRI in assessing potential immune-related changes in metastases and primary and secondary lymphatic organs. According to our results, we hypothesize that alterations in [89Zr]Zr-Df-IAB22M2C uptake in primary and secondary lymphoid organs might be associated with the response to ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schwenck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Seyfried
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Ehrlichmann
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Kienzle
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pascal Krezer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Ron Korn
- ImaginAb, Inc., Inglewood, California
| | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Seith
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Forschner
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eigentler
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Luisenstrasse 2, Berlin, 10177, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology (Internal Medicine VIII), Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougere
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Feil S, Stowbur D, Schörg BF, Ehrlichmann W, Reischl G, Kneilling M, Pichler BJ, Feil R. Noninvasive Detection of Smooth Muscle Cell-Derived Hot Spots to Study Atherosclerosis by PET/MRI in Mice. Circ Res 2023; 132:747-750. [PMID: 36794593 PMCID: PMC10017300 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.322296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie (S.F., R.F.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dimitri Stowbur
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center (D.S., B.F.S., W.E., G.R., M.K., B.J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies” (D.S., G.R., M.K., B.J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara F. Schörg
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center (D.S., B.F.S., W.E., G.R., M.K., B.J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Walter Ehrlichmann
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center (D.S., B.F.S., W.E., G.R., M.K., B.J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center (D.S., B.F.S., W.E., G.R., M.K., B.J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies” (D.S., G.R., M.K., B.J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center (D.S., B.F.S., W.E., G.R., M.K., B.J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies” (D.S., G.R., M.K., B.J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology (M.K.), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J. Pichler
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center (D.S., B.F.S., W.E., G.R., M.K., B.J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies” (D.S., G.R., M.K., B.J.P.), University of Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany (B.J.P.)
| | - Robert Feil
- Interfakultäres Institut für Biochemie (S.F., R.F.), University of Tübingen, Germany
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18
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Ionescu TM, Amend M, Watabe T, Hatazawa J, Maurer A, Reischl G, Pichler BJ, Wehrl HF, Herfert K. Neurovascular Uncoupling: Multimodal Imaging Delineates the Acute Effects of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:466-471. [PMID: 36175138 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychedelic compounds such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) have attracted increasing interest in recent years because of their therapeutic potential in psychiatric disorders. To understand the acute effects of psychedelic drugs in vivo, blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI) has been widely used. In particular, fMRI studies have suggested that MDMA leads to inhibition of brain activity, challenging previous hypotheses indicating mainly excitatory effects based, among others, on increased metabolism shown by 18F-FDG functional PET (fPET). However, interpretation of hemodynamic changes induced by psychedelics is difficult because of their potent vascular effects. Methods: We aimed to delineate the acute effects of MDMA using simultaneous PET/fMRI in rats. For this purpose, hemodynamic changes measured by BOLD fMRI were related to alterations in glucose utilization and serotonin transporter (SERT) occupancy using 18F-FDG fPET/fMRI and 11C-DASB PET/fMRI. Results: We show that MDMA induces localized increases in glucose metabolism in limbic projection areas involved in emotional processing. The increased glucose metabolism was accompanied by global cerebral and extracerebral hemodynamic decreases. We further demonstrated a strong correlation between SERT occupancies and regional BOLD reductions after acute MDMA administration. Conclusion: Our data indicate that hemodynamic decreases after acute MDMA administration are of a nonneuronal nature and initiate peripherally. Within the brain, MDMA triggers neuronal activation in limbic projection areas, whereas increased serotonin levels induced by SERT blockage cause neurovascular uncoupling through direct vascular effects. Correct understanding of the in vivo mechanism of MDMA not only supports ongoing research but also warrants a reassessment of previous studies on neuronal effects of psychedelics relying on neurovascular coupling and recommends 18F-FDG fPET as a potentially more robust measure for pharmacologic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor M Ionescu
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mario Amend
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tadashi Watabe
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; and
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans F Wehrl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany;
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Pommranz CM, Schmidt FP, Mannheim JG, Diebold SJ, Tenzer C, Santangelo A, Pichler BJ. Design and performance simulation studies of a breast PET insert integrable into a clinical whole-body PET/MRI scanner. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68. [PMID: 36753773 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/acba77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Three different breast positron emission tomography (PET) insert geometries are proposed for integration into an existing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) breast coil (Breast Biopsy Coil, NORAS MRI products) to be used inside a whole-body PET/MRI scanner (Biograph mMR, Siemens Healthineers) to enhance the sensitivity and spatial resolution of imaging inside the breast.Approach. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to predict and compare the performance characteristics of the three geometries in terms of the sensitivity, spatial resolution, scatter fraction, and noise equivalent count rate (NECR). In addition, the background single count rate due to organ uptake in a clinical scan scenario was predicted using a realistic anthropomorphic phantom.Main results. In the center of the field of view (cFOV), absolute sensitivities of 3.1%, 2.7%, and 2.2% were found for Geometry A (detectors arranged in two cylinders), Geometry B (detectors arranged in two partial cylinders), and Geometry C (detectors arranged in two half cylinders combined with two plates), respectively. The full width at half maximum spatial resolution was determined to be 1.7 mm (Geometry A), 1.8 mm (Geometry B) and 2.0 mm (Geometry C) at 5 mm from the cFOV. Designs with multiple scintillation-crystal layers capable of determining the depth of interaction (DOI) strongly improved the spatial resolution at larger distances from the transaxial cFOV. The system scatter fractions were 33.1% (Geometries A and B) and 32.3% (Geometry C). The peak NECRs occurred at source activities of 300 MBq (Geometry A), 310 MBq (Geometry B) and 340 MBq (Geometry C). The background single-event count rates were 17.1 × 106cps (Geometry A), 15.3 × 106cps (Geometry B) and 14.8 × 106cps (Geometry C). Geometry A in the three-layer DOI variant exhibited the best PET performance characteristics but could be challenging to manufacture. Geometry C had the lowest impact on the spatial resolution and the lowest sensitivity among the investigated geometries.Significance. Geometry B in the two-layer DOI variant represented an effective compromise between the PET performance and manufacturing difficulty and was found to be a promising candidate for the future breast PET insert.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Pommranz
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - F P Schmidt
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Tuebingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 14, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - J G Mannheim
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - S J Diebold
- Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - C Tenzer
- Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - A Santangelo
- Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Sand 1, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - B J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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20
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Knopf P, Stowbur D, Hoffmann SHL, Fransen MF, Schwenck J, Pichler BJ, Kneilling M. Preclinical Identification Of Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes Using a Multimodal Non-invasive In vivo Imaging Approach. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:606-618. [PMID: 36600172 PMCID: PMC10172276 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resection of the tumor-draining lymph -node (TDLN) represents a standard method to identify metastasis for several malignancies. Interestingly, recent preclinical studies indicate that TDLN resection diminishes the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based cancer immunotherapies. Thus, accurate preclinical identification of TDLNs is pivotal to uncovering the underlying immunological mechanisms. Therefore, we validated preclinically, and clinically available non-invasive in vivo imaging approaches for precise TDLN identification. PROCEDURES For visualization of the lymphatic drainage into the TDLNs by non-invasive in vivo optical imaging, we injected the optical imaging contrast agents Patent Blue V (582.7 g mol-1) and IRDye® 800CW polyethylene glycol (PEG; 25,000-60,000 g mol-1), subcutaneously (s.c.) in close proximity to MC38 adenocarcinomas at the right flank of experimental mice. For determination of the lymphatic drainage and the glucose metabolism in TDLNs by non-invasive in vivo PET/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI), we injected the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer (2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) [181.1 g mol-1]) in a similar manner. For ex vivo cross-correlation, we isolated TDLNs and contralateral nontumor-draining lymph nodes (NTDLNs) and performed optical imaging, biodistribution, and autoradiography analysis. RESULTS The clinically well-established Patent Blue V was superior for intraoperative macroscopic identification of the TDLNs compared with IRDye® 800CW PEG but was not sensitive enough for non-invasive in vivo detection by optical imaging. Ex vivo Patent Blue V biodistribution analysis clearly identified the right accessory axillary and the proper axillary lymph node (LN) as TDLNs, whereas ex vivo IRDye® 800CW PEG completely failed. In contrast, functional non-invasive in vivo 18F-FDG PET/MRI identified a significantly elevated uptake exclusively within the ipsilateral accessory axillary TDLN of experimental mice and was able to differentiate between the accessory axillary and the proper LN. Ex vivo biodistribution and autoradiography confirmed our in vivo 18F-FDG PET/MRI results. CONCLUSIONS When taken together, our results demonstrate the feasibility of 18F-FDG-PET/MRI as a valid method for non-invasive in vivo, intraoperative, and ex vivo identification of the lymphatic drainage and glucose metabolism within the TDLNs. In addition, using Patent Blue V provides additive value for the macroscopic localization of the lymphatic drainage both visually and by ex vivo optical imaging analysis. Thus, both methods are valuable, easy to implement, and cost-effective for preclinical identification of the TDLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Knopf
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dimitri Stowbur
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina H L Hoffmann
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Schwenck
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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21
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Zizmare L, Mehling R, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Lonati C, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Pichler BJ, Kneilling M, Trautwein C. Acute and chronic inflammation alter immunometabolism in a cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTHR) mouse model. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1250. [PMID: 36380134 PMCID: PMC9666528 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell-driven immune responses are responsible for several autoimmune disorders, such as psoriasis vulgaris and rheumatoid arthritis. Identification of metabolic signatures in inflamed tissues is needed to facilitate novel and individualised therapeutic developments. Here we show the temporal metabolic dynamics of T-cell-driven inflammation characterised by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomics, histopathology and immunohistochemistry in acute and chronic cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTHR). During acute DTHR, an increase in glutathione and glutathione disulfide is consistent with the ear swelling response and degree of neutrophilic infiltration, while taurine and ascorbate dominate the chronic phase, suggesting a switch in redox metabolism. Lowered amino acids, an increase in cell membrane repair-related metabolites and infiltration of T cells and macrophages further characterise chronic DTHR. Acute and chronic cutaneous DTHR can be distinguished by characteristic metabolic patterns associated with individual inflammatory pathways providing knowledge that will aid target discovery of specialised therapeutics. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based tissue metabolomics is used to define detailed temporal signatures of acute and chronic inflammation in cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction.
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Trautwein C, Zizmare L, Maise L, Becker H, Skardelly M, Tatagiba M, Merk D, Pichler BJ, Tabatabai G. TMET-27. DEXAMETHASONE-ASSOCIATED GENE EXPRESSION AND METABOLITE MODIFICATIONS IN GLIOMA TISSUE AND CELL CULTURES. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac209.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Altered metabolism is amongst the hallmarks of cancer including diffuse glioma. We have recently presented a large database with tissue metabolites that are modulated by IDH1 mutation in diffuse glioma. Furthermore, we suggested potential candidate biomarkers for prospective validation that could serve for further refinement of prognostic groups in IDH1-mutated glioma. Glucocorticoids, particularly dexamethasone, are widely used in neuro-oncology and trigger a variety of metabolic effects, e.g. systemic adverse events including steroid-induced diabetes and truncal weight gain. In this subsequent study, we investigated dexamethasone-associated modifications of metabolite profiles in human glioma tissue (n=24 treated with dexamethasone, n=77 without) and in glioma cell lines. We performed ex-vivo Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and RNA sequencing to discover comparison-specific metabolites and pathways. Dexamethasone-associated pathways involved increased energy and growth metabolism. Furthermore, we characterized dexamethasone-induced metabolite modulations in glioma cell lines to investigate dexamethasone effects in a rather homogeneous glioma cell population. We investigated the cellular effects of selected significant metabolites in acute cytotoxicity and clonogenic survival assays. Our data provide further insight into dexamethasone-associated metabolic effects in cell lines and tissue that might be relevant for further studies and its use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Trautwein
- Department Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Department Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Louise Maise
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hertie Institute for Clincial Brain Research , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Hannes Becker
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hertie Institute for Clincial Brain Research , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Marco Skardelly
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hertie Institute for Clincial Brain Research , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Marcos Tatagiba
- Department of Neurosurgery University Hospital Tübingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hertie Institute for Clincial Brain Research , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Department Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, University Hospital Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Hertie Institute for Clincial Brain Research , Tübingen , Germany
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23
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Schwenck J, Maurer A, Beziere N, Fiz F, Boschetti F, Geistlich S, Seyfried D, Gunzer M, Reischl G, Wehrmüller J, Ehrlichmann W, Horger M, Gatidis S, Davies G, Vogel W, la Fougere C, Pichler BJ, Thornton C. Antibody-guided Molecular Imaging of Aspergillus Lung Infections in Leukemia Patients. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:jnumed.121.263251. [PMID: 35863897 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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24
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Griessinger J, Schwab J, Chen Q, Kühn A, Cotton J, Bowden G, Preibsch H, Reischl G, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Mori H, Dang AN, Kohlhofer U, Aina OH, Borowsky AD, Pichler BJ, Cardiff RD, Schmid AM. Intratumoral in vivo staging of breast cancer by multi-tracer PET and advanced analysis. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:41. [PMID: 35332139 PMCID: PMC8948294 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00398-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The staging and local management of breast cancer involves the evaluation of the extent and completeness of excision of both the invasive carcinoma component and also the intraductal component or ductal carcinoma in situ. When both invasive ductal carcinoma and coincident ductal carcinoma in situ are present, assessment of the extent and localization of both components is required for optimal therapeutic planning. We have used a mouse model of breast cancer to evaluate the feasibility of applying molecular imaging to assess the local status of cancers in vivo. Multi-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characterize the transition from premalignancy to invasive carcinoma. PET tracers for glucose consumption, membrane synthesis, and neoangiogenesis in combination with a Gaussian mixture model-based analysis reveal image-derived thresholds to separate the different stages within the whole-lesion. Autoradiography, histology, and quantitative image analysis of immunohistochemistry further corroborate our in vivo findings. Finally, clinical data further support our conclusions and demonstrate translational potential. In summary, this preclinical model provides a platform for characterizing multistep tumor progression and provides proof of concept that supports the utilization of advanced protocols for PET/MRI in clinical breast cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Griessinger
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Julian Schwab
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Qian Chen
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anna Kühn
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Cotton
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gregory Bowden
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Heike Preibsch
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerald Reischl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT(EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT(EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Pathology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hidetoshi Mori
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - An Nguyen Dang
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ursula Kohlhofer
- Department of Pathology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Olulanu H Aina
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Janssen Pharmaceutical, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT(EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert D Cardiff
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Andreas M Schmid
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence iFIT(EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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25
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Disselhorst JA, Newport DF, Schmid AM, Schmidt FP, Parl C, Liu CC, Pichler BJ, Mannheim JG. NEMA NU 4-2008 performance evaluation and MR compatibility tests of an APD-based small animal PET-insert for simultaneous PET/MR imaging. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac499d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An avalanche photodiode (APD)-based small animal positron emission tomography (PET)-insert was fully evaluated for its PET performance, as well as potential influences on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performance. This PET-insert has an extended axial field of view (FOV) compared with the previous design to increase system sensitivity, as well as an updated cooling and temperature regulation to enable stable and reproducible PET acquisitions. The PET performance was evaluated according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU4-2008 protocol. The energy and timing resolution’s full width at half maximum were 16.1% and 4.7 ns, respectively. The reconstructed radial spatial resolution of the PET-insert was 1.8 mm full width at half maximum at the center FOV using filtered back projection for reconstruction and sensitivity was 3.68%. The peak noise equivalent count rates were 70 kcps for a rat-like and 350 kcps for a mouse-like phantom, respectively. Image quality phantom values and contrast recovery were comparable to state-of-the art PET-inserts and standalone systems. Regarding MR compatibility, changes in the mean signal-to-noise ratio for turbo spin echo and echo-planar imaging sequences were below 8.6%, for gradient echo sequences below 1%. Degradation of the mean homogeneity was below 2.3% for all tested sequences. The influence of the PET-insert on the B
0 maps was negligible and no influence on functional MRI sequences was detected. A mouse and rat imaging study demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo simultaneous PET/MRI.
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26
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Schmitt J, Schwenck J, Maurer A, Przybille M, Sonanini D, Reischl G, Wehrmüller JE, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Gillies SD, Krueger MA, Schaefer JF, Fougère CL, Handgretinger R, Pichler BJ. Translational immunoPET imaging using a radiolabeled GD2-specific antibody in neuroblastoma. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5615-5630. [PMID: 35966592 PMCID: PMC9373823 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Antibodies targeting surface expressed disialoganglioside GD2 are increasingly used in neuroblastoma immunotherapy and might also have potential for use in radioimmunotherapy. As such targeted treatments might benefit from a dedicated theranostic approach, we studied the influence of radiolabeling on the binding characteristics of ch14.18 antibodies produced by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and evaluated the benefit of GD2-ImmunoPET as a potential tool for therapy planning. Methods:64Cu was used to reduce radiation burden, which is of high importance especially in a pediatric patient population. 64Cu-labeling was accomplished using the chelators NOTA- or DOTAGA-NCS. Radiolabeled antibodies were characterized in vitro. [64Cu]Cu-DOTAGA-ch14.18/CHO was studied in a neuroblastoma mouse model (subcutaneous CHP-134 xenografts). In vivo PET and MR images were acquired at 3 h, 24 h, and 48 h p.i. The specificity of binding was verified using GD2-negative tumors (HEK-293 xenografts), a control antibody and in vivo blocking. A first translational application was performed by PET/MRI in a patient with metastasized neuroblastoma. Results: Radiolabeling at an antibody-to-chelator ratio ≥1:10 yielded a product with a radiochemical purity of ≥90% and a specific activity of 0.2-1.0 MBq/µg. Radiochelation was stable over 48 h in PBS, mouse serum or EDTA, and 50.8 ± 3.5% and 50.8 ± 2.0% of the radiolabeled conjugates, prepared at antibody-to-chelator ratios of 1:10 or 1:15, were immunoreactive. In vivo, highly specific accumulation (31.6 ± 5.8% ID/g) in neuroblastoma was shown preclinically. Clinical PET/MR scans using [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-ch14.18/CHO (NOTA used for safety reasons) could visualize neuroblastoma metastases. Conclusions:In vivo,64Cu-labeled ch14.18/CHO is suitable for specific identification of neuroblastoma in PET. A first patient PET indicated the feasibility of the method for clinical translation and the potential utility in image-guided therapy.
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27
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Traenkle B, Kaiser PD, Pezzana S, Richardson J, Gramlich M, Wagner TR, Seyfried D, Weldle M, Holz S, Parfyonova Y, Nueske S, Scholz AM, Zeck A, Jakobi M, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Schaller M, Maurer A, Gouttefangeas C, Kneilling M, Pichler BJ, Sonanini D, Rothbauer U. Single-Domain Antibodies for Targeting, Detection, and In Vivo Imaging of Human CD4 + Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:799910. [PMID: 34956237 PMCID: PMC8696186 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.799910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of new immunotherapies necessitates appropriate probes to monitor the presence and distribution of distinct immune cell populations. Considering the key role of CD4+ cells in regulating immunological processes, we generated novel single-domain antibodies [nanobodies (Nbs)] that specifically recognize human CD4. After in-depth analysis of their binding properties, recognized epitopes, and effects on T-cell proliferation, activation, and cytokine release, we selected CD4-specific Nbs that did not interfere with crucial T-cell processes in vitro and converted them into immune tracers for noninvasive molecular imaging. By optical imaging, we demonstrated the ability of a high-affinity CD4-Nb to specifically visualize CD4+ cells in vivo using a xenograft model. Furthermore, quantitative high-resolution immune positron emission tomography (immunoPET)/MR of a human CD4 knock-in mouse model showed rapid accumulation of 64Cu-radiolabeled CD4-Nb1 in CD4+ T cell-rich tissues. We propose that the CD4-Nbs presented here could serve as versatile probes for stratifying patients and monitoring individual immune responses during personalized immunotherapy in both cancer and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern Traenkle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Philipp D Kaiser
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Stefania Pezzana
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Richardson
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Gramlich
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Teresa R Wagner
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Seyfried
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melissa Weldle
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Holz
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yana Parfyonova
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Nueske
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Armin M Scholz
- Livestock Center of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Anne Zeck
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Meike Jakobi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Medical Oncology and Pneumology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rothbauer
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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28
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Trautwein C, Zizmare L, Mäurer I, Bender B, Bayer B, Ernemann U, Tatagiba M, Grau SJ, Pichler BJ, Skardelly M, Tabatabai G. Tissue metabolites in diffuse glioma and their modulations by IDH1 mutation, histology and treatment. JCI Insight 2021; 7:153526. [PMID: 34941573 PMCID: PMC8855807 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1–mutated (IDH1-mutated) tumor entities affirmed the role of metabolism in cancer. However, large databases with tissue metabolites that are modulated by IDH1 mutation remain an area of development. Here, we present an unprecedented and valuable resource for tissue metabolites in diffuse glioma and their modulations by IDH1 mutation, histology, and tumor treatments in 101 tissue samples from 73 diffuse glioma patients (24 astrocytoma, 17 oligodendroglioma, 32 glioblastoma), investigated by NMR-based metabolomics and supported by RNA-Seq. We discovered comparison-specific metabolites and pathways modulated by IDH1 (IDH1 mutation status cohort) and tumor entity. The Longitudinal investigation cohort provides metabolic profiles of untreated and corresponding treated glioma samples at first progression. Most interestingly, univariate and multivariate cox regressions and Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that tissue metabolites correlate with progression-free and overall survival. Thus, this study introduces potentially novel candidate prognostic and surrogate metabolite biomarkers for future prospective clinical studies, aiming at further refining patient stratification in diffuse glioma. Furthermore, our data will facilitate the generation of so-far–unanticipated hypotheses for experimental studies to advance our molecular understanding of glioma biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Trautwein
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Mäurer
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Björn Bayer
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ernemann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcos Tatagiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan J Grau
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marco Skardelly
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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29
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Bowden GD, Stotz S, Kinzler J, Geibel C, Lämmerhofer M, Pichler BJ, Maurer A. DoE Optimization Empowers the Automated Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure [ 18F]Talazoparib and its In Vivo Evaluation as a PARP Radiotracer. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15690-15701. [PMID: 34672571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Given the clinical potential of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) imaging for the detection and stratification of various cancers, the development of novel PARP imaging probes with improved pharmacological profiles over established PARP imaging agents is warranted. Here, we present a novel 18F-labeled PARP radiotracer based on the clinically superior PARP inhibitor talazoparib. An automated radiosynthesis of [18F]talazoparib (RCY: 13 ± 3.4%; n = 4) was achieved using a "design of experiments" (DoE) optimized copper-mediated radiofluorination reaction. The chiral product was isolated from the reaction mixture using 2D reversed-phase/chiral radio-HPLC (>99% ee). (8S,9R)-[18F]Talazoparib demonstrated PARP binding in HCC1937 cells in vitro and showed an excellent tumor-to-blood ratio in xenograft-bearing mice (10.2 ± 1.5). Additionally, a favorable pharmacological profile in terms of excretion, metabolism, and target engagement was observed. This synthesis of [18F]talazoparib exemplifies how DoE can enable the radiosyntheses of synthetically challenging radiolabeled compounds of high interest to the imaging community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Bowden
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sophie Stotz
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kinzler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Geibel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Lämmerhofer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical (Bio-)Analysis, Eberhard Karls University, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, German Cancer Consortium DKTK, Partner Site Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 15, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University, Roentgenweg 13, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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30
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Ionescu TM, Amend M, Hafiz R, Biswal BB, Maurer A, Pichler BJ, Wehrl HF, Herfert K. Striatal and prefrontal D2R and SERT distributions contrastingly correlate with default-mode connectivity. Neuroimage 2021; 243:118501. [PMID: 34428573 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although brain research has taken important strides in recent decades, the interaction and coupling of its different physiological levels is still not elucidated. Specifically, the molecular substrates of resting-state functional connectivity (rs-FC) remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was elucidating interactions between dopamine D2 receptors (D2R) and serotonin transporter (SERT) availabilities in the striatum (CPu) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), two of the main dopaminergic and serotonergic projection areas, and the default-mode network. Additionally, we delineated its interaction with two other prominent resting-state networks (RSNs), the salience network (SN) and the sensorimotor network (SMN). To this extent, we performed simultaneous PET/fMRI scans in a total of 59 healthy rats using [11C]raclopride and [11C]DASB, two tracers used to image quantify D2R and SERT respectively. Edge, node and network-level rs-FC metrics were calculated for each subject and potential correlations with binding potentials (BPND) in the CPu and mPFC were evaluated. We found widespread negative associations between CPu D2R availability and all the RSNs investigated, consistent with the postulated role of the indirect basal ganglia pathway. Correlations between D2Rs in the mPFC were weaker and largely restricted to DMN connectivity. Strikingly, medial prefrontal SERT correlated both positively with anterior DMN rs-FC and negatively with rs-FC between and within the SN, SMN and the posterior DMN, underlining the complex role of serotonergic neurotransmission in this region. Here we show direct relationships between rs-FC and molecular properties of the brain as assessed by simultaneous PET/fMRI in healthy rodents. The findings in the present study contribute to the basic understanding of rs-FC by revealing associations between inter-subject variances of rs-FC and receptor and transporter availabilities. Additionally, since current therapeutic strategies typically target neurotransmitter systems with the aim of normalizing brain function, delineating associations between molecular and network-level brain properties is essential and may enhance the understanding of neuropathologies and support future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor M Ionescu
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mario Amend
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rakibul Hafiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans F Wehrl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Bowden GD, Chailanggar N, Pichler BJ, Maurer A. Scalable 18F processing conditions for copper-mediated radiofluorination chemistry facilitate DoE optimization studies and afford an improved synthesis of [ 18F]olaparib. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6995-7000. [PMID: 34351339 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00903f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A convenient and scalable base-free method for processing [18F]fluoride as [18F]TBAF is reported and applied to copper-mediated radiofluorination radiosyntheses. A central feature of this method is that a single production of [18F]TBAF can be divided into small aliquots that can be used to perform multiple small-scale reactions in DoE optimization studies. The results of these studies can then be reliably translated to full batch tracer productions using automated synthesizers. The processing method was applied to the DoE optimization of [18F]olaparib, affording the tracer in high radiochemical yields via both manual (%RCY = 78 ± 6%, n = 4 (CMRF step only)) and automated (up to 80% (%RCY); 41% activity yield (%AY)) radiosynthesis procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Bowden
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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Cotton J, Goehring CM, Kuehn A, Maurer A, Fuchs K, Pichler BJ. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Radiolabeled PET (Positron Emission Tomography) Probe for Visualization of In Vivo α-Fucosidase Expression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14080745. [PMID: 34451843 PMCID: PMC8402005 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidic hydrolase α-fucosidase (AF) is a biomarker for maladies such as cancer and inflammation. The most advanced probes for α-fucosidase are unfortunately constrained to ex vivo or in vitro applications. The in vivo detection and quantification of AF using positron emission tomography would allow for better discovery and diagnosis of disease as well as provide better understanding of disease progression. We synthesized, characterized, and evaluated a radiolabeled small molecule inhibitor of AF based on a known molecule. The radiosynthesis involved the 11C methylation of a phenoxide, which was generated in situ by ultrasonification of the precursor with sodium hydride. The tracer was produced with a decay corrected yield of 41.7 ± 16.5% and had a molar activity of 65.4 ± 30.3 GBq/μmol. The tracer was shown to be stable in mouse serum at 60 min. To test the new tracer, HCT116 colorectal carcinoma cells were engineered to overexpress human AF. In vitro evaluation revealed 3.5-fold higher uptake in HCT116AF cells compared to HCT116 controls (26.4 ± 7.8 vs. 7.5 ± 1.0 kBq/106 cells). Static PET scans 50 min post injection revealed 2.5-fold higher tracer uptake in the HCT116AF tumors (3.0 ± 0.8%ID/cc (n = 6)) compared with the controls (1.2 ± 0.8 (n = 5)). Dynamic scans showed higher uptake in the HCT116AF tumors at all time-points (n = 2). Ex vivo analysis of the tumors, utilizing fluorescent DDK2 antibodies, confirmed the expression of human AF in the HCT116AF xenografts. We have developed a novel PET tracer to image AF in vivo and will now apply this to relevant disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cotton
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (C.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (K.F.); (B.J.P.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-298-2386
| | - Chris Marc Goehring
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (C.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (K.F.); (B.J.P.)
| | - Anna Kuehn
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (C.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (K.F.); (B.J.P.)
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (C.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (K.F.); (B.J.P.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Fuchs
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (C.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (K.F.); (B.J.P.)
| | - Bernd J. Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (C.M.G.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (K.F.); (B.J.P.)
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Sonanini D, Griessinger CM, Schörg BF, Knopf P, Dittmann K, Röcken M, Pichler BJ, Kneilling M. Low-dose total body irradiation facilitates antitumoral Th1 immune responses. Theranostics 2021; 11:7700-7714. [PMID: 34335959 PMCID: PMC8315067 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T helper cells are capable of mediating long-term antitumoral immune responses. We developed a combined immunotherapy (COMBO) using tumor antigen-specific T helper 1 cells (Tag-Th1), dual PD-L1/LAG-3 immune checkpoint blockade, and a low-dose total body irradiation (TBI) of 2 Gy, that was highly efficient in controlling the tumor burden of non-immunogenic RIP1-Tag2 mice with late-stage endogenous pancreatic islet carcinomas. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of 2 Gy TBI on the treatment efficacy and the underlying mechanisms to boost CD4+ T cell-based immunotherapies. Methods: Heavily progressed RIP1-Tag2 mice underwent COMBO treatment and their survival was compared to a cohort without 2 Gy TBI. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with radiolabeled anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry were applied to investigate 2 Gy TBI-induced alterations in the biodistribution of endogenous T cells of healthy C3H mice. Migration and homing properties of Cy5-labeled adoptive Tag-Th1 cells were monitored by optical imaging and flow cytometric analyses in C3H and tumor-bearing RIP1-Tag2 mice. Splenectomy or sham-surgery of late-stage RIP1-Tag2 mice was performed before onset of COMBO treatment to elucidate the impact of the spleen on the therapy response. Results: First, we determined a significant longer survival of RIP1-Tag2 mice and an increased CD4+ T cell tumor infiltrate when 2 Gy TBI was applied in addition to Tag-Th1 cell PD-L1/LAG-3 treatment. In non-tumor-bearing C3H mice, TBI induced a moderate host lymphodepletion and a tumor antigen-independent accumulation of Tag-Th1 cells in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. In RIP1-Tag2, we found increased numbers of effector memory-like Tag-Th1 and endogenous CD4+ T cells in the pancreatic tumor tissue after TBI, accompanied by a tumor-specific Th1-driven immune response. Furthermore, the spleen negatively regulated T cell effector function by upregulation PD-1/LAG-3/TIM-3 immune checkpoints, providing a further rationale for this combined treatment approach. Conclusion: Low-dose TBI represents a powerful tool to foster CD4+ T cell-based cancer immunotherapies by favoring Th1-driven antitumoral immunity. As TBI is a clinically approved and well-established technique it might be an ideal addition for adoptive cell therapy with CD4+ T cells in the clinical setting.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The development of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is one of the most severe side effects of chronic L-DOPA treatment in Parkinson's disease patients. [11C]DASB positron emission tomography (PET) provides a prominent tool to visualize and quantify serotonin transporter (SERT) pathology in vivo in patients and in animal models. To evaluate the effect of chronic L-DOPA treatment on SERT availability in an animal model of LID, we performed a longitudinal PET study. PROCEDURES Rats received a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion, and striatal and extrastriatal SERT expression levels were studied with [11C]DASB, a marker of SERT availability, before and after daily treatment with L-DOPA. Dyskinesias were evaluated at different time points over a period of 21 days. RESULTS [11C]DASB binding was found to be decreased after 6-OHDA lesions in the striatum, cortex, and hippocampus 5 weeks after 6-OHDA injection in the lesioned hemisphere of the rat brain. Chronic L-DOPA priming resulted in a relative preservation of SERT availability in the lesioned and healthy hemisphere compared to baseline measurements. CONCLUSIONS Our longitudinal PET data support a preservation of SERT availability after the induction of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, which is in line with previous reports in dyskinetic PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Walker
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Röntgenweg 13, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Laura Kuebler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Röntgenweg 13, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Chris Marc Goehring
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Röntgenweg 13, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Röntgenweg 13, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen, Röntgenweg 13, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Ionescu TM, Amend M, Hafiz R, Biswal BB, Wehrl HF, Herfert K, Pichler BJ. Elucidating the complementarity of resting-state networks derived from dynamic [ 18F]FDG and hemodynamic fluctuations using simultaneous small-animal PET/MRI. Neuroimage 2021; 236:118045. [PMID: 33848625 PMCID: PMC8339191 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional connectivity (FC) and resting-state network (RSN) analyses using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have evolved into a growing field of research and have provided useful biomarkers for the assessment of brain function in neurological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of the blood oxygen level-dependant (BOLD) signal are not fully resolved due to its inherent complexity. In contrast, [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ([18F]FDG-PET) has been shown to provide a more direct measure of local synaptic activity and may have additional value for the readout and interpretation of brain connectivity. We performed an RSN analysis from simultaneously acquired PET/fMRI data on a single-subject level to directly compare fMRI and [18F]FDG-PET-derived networks during the resting state. Simultaneous [18F]FDG-PET/fMRI scans were performed in 30 rats. Pairwise correlation analysis, as well as independent component analysis (ICA), were used to compare the readouts of both methods. We identified three RSNs with a high degree of similarity between PET and fMRI-derived readouts: the default-mode-like network (DMN), the basal ganglia network and the cerebellar-midbrain network. Overall, [18F]FDG connectivity indicated increased integration between different, often distant, brain areas compared to the results indicated by the more segregated fMRI-derived FC. Additionally, several networks exclusive to either modality were observed using ICA. These networks included mainly bilateral cortical networks of a limited spatial extent for fMRI and more spatially widespread networks for [18F]FDG-PET, often involving several subcortical areas. This is the first study using simultaneous PET/fMRI to report RSNs subject-wise from dynamic [18F]FDG tracer delivery and BOLD fluctuations with both independent component analysis (ICA) and pairwise correlation analysis in small animals. Our findings support previous studies, which show a close link between local synaptic glucose consumption and BOLD-fMRI-derived FC. However, several brain regions were exclusively attributed to either [18F]FDG or BOLD-derived networks underlining the complementarity of this hybrid imaging approach, which may contribute to the understanding of brain functional organization and could be of interest for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor M Ionescu
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mario Amend
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rakibul Hafiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Hans F Wehrl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Henneberg S, Hasenberg A, Maurer A, Neumann F, Bornemann L, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Kraus A, Hasenberg M, Thornton CR, Pichler BJ, Gunzer M, Beziere N. Antibody-guided in vivo imaging of Aspergillus fumigatus lung infections during antifungal azole treatment. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1707. [PMID: 33731708 PMCID: PMC7969596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening lung disease of immunocompromised humans, caused by the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. Inadequacies in current diagnostic procedures mean that early diagnosis of the disease, critical to patient survival, remains a major clinical challenge, and is leading to the empiric use of antifungal drugs and emergence of azole resistance. A non-invasive procedure that allows both unambiguous detection of IPA and its response to azole treatment is therefore needed. Here, we show that a humanised Aspergillus-specific monoclonal antibody, dual labelled with a radionuclide and fluorophore, can be used in immunoPET/MRI in vivo in a neutropenic mouse model and 3D light sheet fluorescence microscopy ex vivo in the infected mouse lungs to quantify early A. fumigatus lung infections and to monitor the efficacy of azole therapy. Our antibody-guided approach reveals that early drug intervention is critical to prevent complete invasion of the lungs by the fungus, and demonstrates the power of molecular imaging as a non-invasive procedure for tracking IPA in vivo. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a life-threatening fungal lung disease devoid of specific rapid diagnosis and with limited therapeutic options. Here, the authors show how state-of-the-art imaging approaches can enable specific diagnosis and therapy monitoring of this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Henneberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Hasenberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Franziska Neumann
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lea Bornemann
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Kraus
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mike Hasenberg
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christopher R Thornton
- ISCA Diagnostics Ltd. and Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gunzer
- Institute for Experimental Immunology and Imaging, University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany. .,Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS -e.V, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Beziere
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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Castaneda-Vega S, Katiyar P, Russo F, Patzwaldt K, Schnabel L, Mathes S, Hempel JM, Kohlhofer U, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Ziemann U, la Fougere C, Ernemann U, Pichler BJ, Disselhorst JA, Poli S. Machine learning identifies stroke features between species. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3017-3034. [PMID: 33456586 PMCID: PMC7806470 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification and localization of ischemic stroke (IS) lesions is routinely performed to confirm diagnosis, assess stroke severity, predict disability and plan rehabilitation strategies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In basic research, stroke lesion segmentation is necessary to study complex peri-infarction tissue changes. Moreover, final stroke volume is a critical outcome evaluated in clinical and preclinical experiments to determine therapy or intervention success. Manual segmentations are performed but they require a specialized skill set, are prone to inter-observer variation, are not entirely objective and are often not supported by histology. The task is even more challenging when dealing with large multi-center datasets, multiple experimenters or large animal cohorts. On the other hand, current automatized segmentation approaches often lack histological validation, are not entirely user independent, are often based on single parameters, or in the case of complex machine learning methods, require vast training datasets and are prone to a lack of model interpretation. Methods: We induced IS using the middle cerebral artery occlusion model on two rat cohorts. We acquired apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2-weighted (T2W) images at 24 h and 1-week after IS induction. Subsets of the animals at 24 h and 1-week post IS were evaluated using histology and immunohistochemistry. Using a Gaussian mixture model, we segmented voxel-wise interactions between ADC and T2W parameters at 24 h using one of the rat cohorts. We then used these segmentation results to train a random forest classifier, which we applied to the second rat cohort. The algorithms' stroke segmentations were compared to manual stroke delineations, T2W and ADC thresholding methods and the final stroke segmentation at 1-week. Volume correlations to histology were also performed for every segmentation method. Metrics of success were calculated with respect to the final stroke volume. Finally, the trained random forest classifier was tested on a human dataset with a similar temporal stroke on-set. Manual segmentations, ADC and T2W thresholds were again used to evaluate and perform comparisons with the proposed algorithms' output. Results: In preclinical rat data our framework significantly outperformed commonly applied automatized thresholding approaches and segmented stroke regions similarly to manual delineation. The framework predicted the localization of final stroke regions in 1-week post-stroke MRI with a median Dice similarity coefficient of 0.86, Matthew's correlation coefficient of 0.80 and false positive rate of 0.04. The predicted stroke volumes also strongly correlated with final histological stroke regions (Pearson correlation = 0.88, P < 0.0001). Lastly, the stroke region characteristics identified by our framework in rats also identified stroke lesions in human brains, largely outperforming thresholding approaches in stroke volume prediction (P<0.01). Conclusion: Our findings reveal that the segmentation produced by our proposed framework using 24 h MRI rat data strongly correlated with the final stroke volume, denoting a predictive effect. In addition, we show for the first time that the stroke imaging features can be directly translated between species, allowing identification of acute stroke in humans using the model trained on animal data. This discovery reduces the gap between the clinical and preclinical fields, unveiling a novel approach to directly co-analyze clinical and preclinical data. Such methods can provide further biological insights into human stroke and highlight the differences between species in order to help improve the experimental setups and animal models of the disease.
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Mehling R, Schwenck J, Lemberg C, Trautwein C, Zizmare L, Kramer D, Müller A, Fehrenbacher B, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Schröder K, Brandes RP, Schaller M, Ruf W, Eichner M, Ghoreschi K, Röcken M, Pichler BJ, Kneilling M. Immunomodulatory role of reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species during T cell-driven neutrophil-enriched acute and chronic cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Theranostics 2021; 11:470-490. [PMID: 33391487 PMCID: PMC7738859 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are important regulators of inflammation. The exact impact of ROS/RNS on cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction (DTHR) is controversial. The aim of our study was to identify the dominant sources of ROS/RNS during acute and chronic trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB)-induced cutaneous DTHR in mice with differently impaired ROS/RNS production. Methods: TNCB-sensitized wild-type, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)- deficient (gp91phox-/-), myeloperoxidase-deficient (MPO-/-), and inducible nitric oxide synthase-deficient (iNOS-/-) mice were challenged with TNCB on the right ear once to elicit acute DTHR and repetitively up to five times to induce chronic DTHR. We measured ear swelling responses and noninvasively assessed ROS/RNS production in vivo by employing the chemiluminescence optical imaging (OI) probe L-012. Additionally, we conducted extensive ex vivo analyses of inflamed ears focusing on ROS/RNS production and the biochemical and morphological consequences. Results: The in vivo L-012 OI of acute and chronic DTHR revealed completely abrogated ROS/RNS production in the ears of gp91phox-/- mice, up to 90 % decreased ROS/RNS production in the ears of MPO-/- mice and unaffected ROS/RNS production in the ears of iNOS-/- mice. The DHR flow cytometry analysis of leukocytes derived from the ears with acute DTHR confirmed our in vivo L-012 OI results. Nevertheless, we observed no significant differences in the ear swelling responses among all the experimental groups. The histopathological analysis of the ears of gp91phox-/- mice with acute DTHRs revealed slightly enhanced inflammation. In contrast, we observed a moderately reduced inflammatory immune response in the ears of gp91phox-/- mice with chronic DTHR, while the inflamed ears of MPO-/- mice exhibited the strongest inflammation. Analyses of lipid peroxidation, 8-hydroxy-2'deoxyguanosine levels, redox related metabolites and genomic expression of antioxidant proteins revealed similar oxidative stress in all experimental groups. Furthermore, inflamed ears of wild-type and gp91phox-/- mice displayed neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation exclusively in acute but not chronic DTHR. Conclusions: MPO and NOX2 are the dominant sources of ROS/RNS in acute and chronic DTHR. Nevertheless, depletion of one primary source of ROS/RNS exhibited only marginal but conflicting impact on acute and chronic cutaneous DTHR. Thus, ROS/RNS are not a single entity, and each species has different properties at certain stages of the disease, resulting in different outcomes.
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Kuebler L, Buss S, Leonov A, Ryazanov S, Schmidt F, Maurer A, Weckbecker D, Landau AM, Lillethorup TP, Bleher D, Saw RS, Pichler BJ, Griesinger C, Giese A, Herfert K. [ 11C]MODAG-001-towards a PET tracer targeting α-synuclein aggregates. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:1759-1772. [PMID: 33369690 PMCID: PMC8113290 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Deposition of misfolded alpha-synuclein (αSYN) aggregates in the human brain is one of the major hallmarks of synucleinopathies. However, a target-specific tracer to detect pathological aggregates of αSYN remains lacking. Here, we report the development of a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer based on anle138b, a compound shown to have therapeutic activity in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Specificity and selectivity of [3H]MODAG-001 were tested in in vitro binding assays using recombinant fibrils. After carbon-11 radiolabeling, the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile was determined in mice. Specific binding was quantified in rats, inoculated with αSYN fibrils and using in vitro autoradiography in human brain sections of Lewy body dementia (LBD) cases provided by the Neurobiobank Munich (NBM). Results [3H]MODAG-001 revealed a very high affinity towards pure αSYN fibrils (Kd = 0.6 ± 0.1 nM) and only a moderate affinity to hTau46 fibrils (Kd = 19 ± 6.4 nM) as well as amyloid-β1–42 fibrils (Kd = 20 ± 10 nM). [11C]MODAG-001 showed an excellent ability to penetrate the mouse brain. Metabolic degradation was present, but the stability of the parent compound improved after selective deuteration of the precursor. (d3)-[11C]MODAG-001 binding was confirmed in fibril-inoculated rat striata using in vivo PET imaging. In vitro autoradiography showed no detectable binding to aggregated αSYN in human brain sections of LBD cases, most likely, because of the low abundance of aggregated αSYN against background protein. Conclusion MODAG-001 provides a promising lead structure for future compound development as it combines a high affinity and good selectivity in fibril-binding assays with suitable pharmacokinetics and biodistribution properties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-020-05133-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kuebler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Buss
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany.,Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany.,Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix Schmidt
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Anne M Landau
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Aarhus University, Norrebrogade 44, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens 165, J109, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thea P Lillethorup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET-Centre, Aarhus University, Palle Juul-Jensens 165, J109, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Bleher
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ran Sing Saw
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Faßberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,University Göttingen, Cluster of Excellence Multiscale Bioimaging Molecular Machines, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Armin Giese
- MODAG GmbH, Mikroforum Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany.
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Thaiss WM, Gatidis S, Sartorius T, Machann J, Peter A, Eigentler TK, Nikolaou K, Pichler BJ, Kneilling M. Noninvasive, longitudinal imaging-based analysis of body adipose tissue and water composition in a melanoma mouse model and in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated metastatic melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:1263-1275. [PMID: 33130917 PMCID: PMC8053172 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02765-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background As cancer cachexia (CC) is associated with cancer progression, early identification would be beneficial. The aim of this study was to establish a workflow for automated MRI-based segmentation of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and lean tissue water (LTW) in a B16 melanoma animal model, monitor diseases progression and transfer the protocol to human melanoma patients for therapy assessment. Methods For in vivo monitoring of CC B16 melanoma-bearing and healthy mice underwent longitudinal three-point DIXON MRI (days 3, 12, 17 after subcutaneous tumor inoculation). In a prospective clinical study, 18 metastatic melanoma patients underwent MRI before, 2 and 12 weeks after onset of checkpoint inhibitor therapy (CIT; n = 16). We employed an in-house MATLAB script for automated whole-body segmentation for detection of VAT, SCAT and LTW. Results B16 mice exhibited a CC phenotype and developed a reduced VAT volume compared to baseline (B16 − 249.8 µl, − 25%; controls + 85.3 µl, + 10%, p = 0.003) and to healthy controls. LTW was increased in controls compared to melanoma mice. Five melanoma patients responded to CIT, 7 progressed, and 6 displayed a mixed response. Responding patients exhibited a very limited variability in VAT and SCAT in contrast to others. Interestingly, the LTW was decreased in CIT responding patients (− 3.02% ± 2.67%; p = 0.0034) but increased in patients with progressive disease (+ 1.97% ± 2.19%) and mixed response (+ 4.59% ± 3.71%). Conclusion MRI-based segmentation of fat and water contents adds essential additional information for monitoring the development of CC in mice and metastatic melanoma patients during CIT or other treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang M Thaiss
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sergios Gatidis
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,iFIT-Cluster of Excellence, Eberhard Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tina Sartorius
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Section of Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD E.V.), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Centre Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas K Eigentler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstreet 20, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,iFIT-Cluster of Excellence, Eberhard Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,iFIT-Cluster of Excellence, Eberhard Karls University, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Liebermeisterstreet 20, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Neveu MA, Beziere N, Daniels R, Bouzin C, Comment A, Schwenck J, Fuchs K, Kneilling M, Pichler BJ, Schmid AM. Lactate Production Precedes Inflammatory Cell Recruitment in Arthritic Ankles: an Imaging Study. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:1324-1332. [PMID: 32514887 PMCID: PMC7497460 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01510-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inflammation is involved in many disease processes. However, accurate imaging tools permitting diagnosis and characterization of inflammation are still missing. As inflamed tissues exhibit a high rate of glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism may offer a unique approach to follow the inflammatory response and disease progression. Therefore, the aim of the study was to follow metabolic changes and recruitment of inflammatory cells after onset of inflammation in arthritic ankles using hyperpolarized 1-13C-pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively. PROCEDURE Experimental rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was induced by intraperitoneal injection of glucose-6-phosphate-isomerase-specific antibodies (GPI) containing serum. To monitor pyruvate metabolism, the transformation of hyperpolarized 1-13C-pyruvate into hyperpolarized 1-13C-lactate was followed using MRS. To track phagocytic immune cell homing, we intravenously injected a perfluorocarbon emulsion 48 h before imaging. The animals were scanned at days 1, 3, or 6 after GPI-serum injection to examine the different stages of arthritic inflammation. Finally, to confirm the pyruvate metabolic activity and the link to inflammatory cell recruitment, we conducted hematoxylin-eosin histopathology and monocarboxylase transporter (MCT-1) immune histochemistry (IHC) of inflamed ankles. RESULTS Hyperpolarized 1-13C-pyruvate MRS revealed a high rate of lactate production immediately at day 1 after GPI-serum transfer, which remained elevated during the progression of the disease, while 19F-MRI exhibited a gradual recruitment of phagocytic immune cells in arthritic ankles, which correlated well with the course of ankle swelling. Histopathology and IHC revealed that MCT-1 was expressed in regions with inflammatory cell recruitment, confirming the metabolic shift identified in arthritic ankles. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the presence of a very early metabolic shift in arthritic joints independent of phagocytic immune cell recruitment. Thus, hyperpolarized 1-13C-pyruvate represents a promising tracer to monitor acute arthritic joint inflammation, even with minor ankle swelling. Furthermore, translated to the clinics, these methods add a detailed characterization of disease status and could substantially support patient stratification and therapy monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Aline Neveu
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Beziere
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arnaud Comment
- General Electric Healthcare, Pollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont St Giles, UK
| | - Johannes Schwenck
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Fuchs
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Schmid
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Roentgenweg 13, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Abstract
The important insights yielded by molecular imaging (MI) into relevant biologic signatures at an organ-specific and systemic level are not achievable with conventional imaging methods and thus provide an essential link between preclinical and clinical research. New diagnostic probes and imaging methods revealing comprehensive functional and molecular information are being provided by MI research, several of which have found their way into clinical application. However, there are also reservations about the impact of MI and its added value over conventional, often less expensive, diagnostic imaging methods. This perspective discusses seminal research directions for the MI field that have the potential to result in added value to the patient. Emphasis is placed on MI without probes, MI based on radiotracers and small molecules, MI nano- and microsystems, and MI in context with comprehensive diagnostics. Furthermore, besides technical innovations and probes, emerging clinical indications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Grimm
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Pharmacology Program and Department of Radiology, Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany, and Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine, Bremen, Germany; and
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany, and Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies," University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Maurer A, Leonov A, Ryazanov S, Herfert K, Kuebler L, Buss S, Schmidt F, Weckbecker D, Linder R, Bender D, Giese A, Pichler BJ, Griesinger C. 11 C Radiolabeling of anle253b: a Putative PET Tracer for Parkinson's Disease That Binds to α-Synuclein Fibrils in vitro and Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:411-415. [PMID: 31859430 PMCID: PMC7079211 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent clinical need for imaging of α‐synuclein (αSyn) fibrils, the hallmark biomarker for Parkinson's disease, in neurodegenerative disorders. Despite immense efforts, promising tracer candidates for nuclear imaging of αSyn are rare. Diphenyl pyrazoles are known modulators of αSyn aggregation and thus bear potential for non‐invasive detection of this biomarker in vivo. Here we demonstrate high‐affinity binding of the family member anle253b to fibrillar αSyn and present a high‐yielding site‐selective radiosynthesis route for 11C radiolabeling using in‐situ generated [11C]formaldehyde and reductive methylation. Radio‐HPLC of the tracer after incubation with rat serum in vitro shows excellent stability of the molecule. Positron emission tomography in healthy animals is used to assess the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of the tracer, showing good penetration of the blood–brain barrier and low background binding to the non‐pathological brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrei Leonov
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,MODAG GmbH, Mikro-Forum-Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Sergey Ryazanov
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Herfert
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Kuebler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Buss
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Schmidt
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Weckbecker
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Linder
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Bender
- Department for Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 165, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Armin Giese
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig Maximilians University, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany.,MODAG GmbH, Mikro-Forum-Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Griesinger
- Department of NMR-based Structural Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,MODAG GmbH, Mikro-Forum-Ring 3, 55234, Wendelsheim, Germany
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Schwenck J, Schörg B, Fiz F, Sonanini D, Forschner A, Eigentler T, Weide B, Martella M, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Campi C, Sambuceti G, Seith F, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Garbe C, Pfannenberg C, Röcken M, Fougere CL, Pichler BJ, Kneilling M. Cancer immunotherapy is accompanied by distinct metabolic patterns in primary and secondary lymphoid organs observed by non-invasive in vivo 18F-FDG-PET. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:925-937. [PMID: 31903160 PMCID: PMC6929998 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cancer immunotherapy depends on a systemic immune response, but the basic underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. Despite the very successful and widespread use of checkpoint inhibitors in the clinic, the majority of cancer patients do not benefit from this type of treatment. In this translational study, we investigated whether noninvasive in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) is capable of detecting immunotherapy-associated metabolic changes in the primary and secondary lymphoid organs and whether this detection enables the prediction of a successful anti-cancer immune response. Methods: RIP1-Tag2 mice with progressed endogenous insular cell carcinomas underwent a combined cancer immunotherapy consisting of CD4+ T cells plus monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) or a sham treatment after radiation-mediated immune cell depletion. A second cohort of RIP1-Tag2 mice underwent exclusive checkpoint inhibitor therapy (CIT) using anti-PD-L1/LAG-3 mAbs or sham treatment without initial immune cell depletion to mimic the clinical situation. All mice were monitored by 18F-FDG-PET combined with anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In addition, we retrospectively analyzed PET / computed tomography (CT) scans (PET/CT) regarding 18F-FDG uptake of CIT-treated metastatic melanoma patients in the spleen (n=23) and bone marrow (BM; n=20) as well as blood parameters (n=17-21). Results: RIP1-Tag2 mice with advanced insular cell carcinomas treated with combination immunotherapy exhibited significantly increased 18F-FDG uptake in the spleen compared to sham-treated mice. Histopathology of the spleens from treated mice revealed atrophy of the white pulp with fewer germinal centers and an expanded red pulp with hyperplasia of neutrophils than those of sham-treated mice. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry analyses of the spleens revealed a lower number of T cells and a higher number of neutrophils compared to those in the spleens of sham-treated mice. Flow cytometry of the BM showed enhanced activation of T cells following the treatment schemes that included checkpoint inhibitors. The ratio of 18F-FDG uptake at baseline to the uptake at follow-up in the spleens of exclusively CIT-treated RIP1-Tag2 mice was significantly enhanced, but the ratio was not enhanced in the spleens of the sham-treated littermates. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed a reduced number of T cells in the spleens of exclusively CIT-treated mice compared to that of sham-treated mice. A retrospective analysis of clinical 18F-FDG-PET/CT scans revealed enhanced 18F-FDG uptake in the spleens of some successfully CIT-treated patients with metastatic melanoma, but there were no significant differences between responders and non-responders. The analysis of the BM in clinical 18F-FDG-PET/CT scans with a computational segmentation tool revealed significantly higher baseline 18F-FDG uptake in patients who responded to CIT than in non-responders, and this relationship was independent of bone metastasis, even in the baseline scan. Conclusions: Thus, we are presenting the first translational study of solid tumors focusing on the metabolic patterns of primary and secondary lymphoid organs induced by the systemic immune response after CIT. We demonstrate that the widely available 18F-FDG-PET modality is an applicable translational tool that has high potential to stratify patients at an early time point.
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Michelotti FC, Bowden G, Küppers A, Joosten L, Maczewsky J, Nischwitz V, Drews G, Maurer A, Gotthardt M, Schmid AM, Pichler BJ. PET/MRI enables simultaneous in vivo quantification of β-cell mass and function. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:398-410. [PMID: 31903128 PMCID: PMC6929626 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging of β-cells represents a desirable preclinical and clinical tool to monitor the change of β-cell mass and the loss of function during pre-diabetic stages. Although it is widely accepted that manganese (Mn) ions are actively gated by voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCC) in response to glucose metabolism, little is known on its specificity in vivo for quantification of islet β-cell function using Mn and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). On the other hand, glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) represents a validated target for the estimation of β-cell mass using radiolabeled exendin-4 (Ex4) and positron emission tomography (PET). However, a multiparametric imaging workflow revealing β-cell mass and function quantitatively is still missing. Methods: We developed a simultaneous PET/MRI protocol to comprehensively quantify in vivo changes in β-cell mass and function by targeting, respectively, GLP-1R and VDCC coupled with insulin secretion. Differences in the spatial distribution of Mn and radiolabeled Ex4 were monitored overtime in native and transgenic pancreata, characterized by spontaneous pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor development. Follow-up with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and autoradiography allowed the ex vivo validation of the specificity of Mn and PET tracer uptake and the detection of endogenous biometals, such as calcium and zinc, throughout the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Results: Our in vivo data based on a volumetric PET/MRI readout for native pancreata and insulinomas connects uptake of Mn measured at early imaging time points to high non-specific binding by the exocrine tissue, while specific retention was only found 24 h post injection. These results are supported by cross-validation of the spatial distribution of exogenous 55Mn and endogenous 44Ca and 64Zn as well with the specific internalization of the radiolabeled peptide targeting GLP-1R. Conclusion: Simultaneous PET/MR imaging of the pancreas enabled the comprehensive in vivo quantification of β-cell function and mass using Mn and radiolabeled Ex4. Most important, our data revealed that only late time-point measurements reflect the Mn uptake in the islet β-cells, while early time points detect non-specific accumulation of Mn in the exocrine pancreas.
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Vega SC, Leiss V, Piekorz R, Calaminus C, Pexa K, Vuozzo M, Schmid AM, Devanathan V, Kesenheimer C, Pichler BJ, Beer-Hammer S, Nürnberg B. Selective protection of murine cerebral G i/o-proteins from inactivation by parenterally injected pertussis toxin. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 98:97-110. [PMID: 31811326 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pertussis toxin (PTX) is a potent virulence factor in patients suffering from whooping cough, but in its detoxified version, it is applied for vaccination. It is thought to contribute to the pathology of the disease including various CNS malfunctions. Based on its enzymatic activity, PTX disrupts GPCR-dependent signaling by modifying the α-subunit of heterotrimeric Gi/o-proteins. It is also extensively used as a research tool to study neuronal functions in vivo and in vitro. However, data demonstrating the penetration of PTX from the blood into the brain are missing. Here, we examined the Gαi/o-modifying activity of PTX in murine brains after its parenteral application. Ex vivo biodistribution analysis of [124I]-PTX displayed poor distribution to the brain while relatively high concentrations were visible in the pancreas. PTX affected CNS and endocrine functions of the pancreas as shown by open-field and glucose tolerance tests, respectively. However, while pancreatic islet Gαi/o-proteins were modified, their neuronal counterparts in brain tissue were resistant towards PTX as indicated by different autoradiographic and immunoblot SDS-PAGE analyses. In contrast, PTX easily modified brain Gαi/o-proteins ex vivo. An attempt to increase BBB permeability by application of hypertonic mannitol did not show PTX activity on neuronal G proteins. Consistent with these findings, in vivo MRI analysis did not point to an increased blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability following PTX treatment. Our data demonstrate that the CNS is protected from PTX. Thus, we hypothesize that the BBB hinders PTX to penetrate into the CNS and to deliver its enzymatic activity to brain Gαi/o-proteins. KEY MESSAGES: i.p. applied PTX is poorly retained in the brain while reaches high concentration in the pancreas. Pancreatic islet Gαi/o- but not cerebral Gαi/o-proteins are modified by i.p. administered PTX. Gαi/o-proteins from isolated cerebral cell membranes were easily modified by PTX ex vivo. CNS is protected from i.p. administered PTX. PTX does not permeabilize the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Castaneda Vega
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Veronika Leiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roland Piekorz
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carsten Calaminus
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Pexa
- Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marta Vuozzo
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Schmid
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vasudharani Devanathan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
- Neuroscience Lab, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Tirupati, India
| | - Christian Kesenheimer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Beer-Hammer
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Nürnberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Interfaculty Center for Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Toxicology, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, and University Medical Center, Tübingen, Germany.
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Griessinger CM, Schmid AM, Sonanini D, Schörg BF, Jarboui MA, Bukala D, Mucha N, Fehrenbacher B, Steinhilber J, Martella M, Kohlhofer U, Schaller M, Zender L, Rammensee HG, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Röcken M, Kneilling M, Pichler BJ. The administration route of tumor-antigen-specific T-helper cells differentially modulates the tumor microenvironment and senescence. Carcinogenesis 2019; 40:289-302. [PMID: 30753335 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment with adoptively transferred tumor-associated antigen-specific CD4+ T-helper cells is a promising immunotherapeutic approach. In the pancreatic cancer model RIP-Tag2, the intraperitoneal (i.p.) application of Tag-specific TH1 cells exhibited a profound antitumoral efficiency. We investigated, whether an intravenous (i.v.) application of Tag-TH1 cells induces an equivalent therapeutic effect. Adoptively transferred fluorescent Tag-TH1 cells revealed a pronounced homing to the tumors after either i.p. or i.v. transfer, and both routes induced an almost equivalent therapeutic effect as demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging, blood glucose level course and histology. The i.v. administration of Tag-TH1 cells induced p16INK4-positive/Ki67-negative tumor senescence more efficiently than i.p. administration. Both routes replenish host CD4+ T cells by transferred T cells and recruitment of B and dendritic cells to the tumors while reducing CD8+ T cells and depleting macrophages. Both administration routes efficiently induced a similar antitumoral efficiency despite the pronounced senescence induction after i.v. administration. Thus, a combinatory i.v./i.p. injection of therapeutic cells might overcome limitations of the individual routes and improve therapeutic efficacy in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph M Griessinger
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Schmid
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara F Schörg
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mohamed Ali Jarboui
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Bukala
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Mucha
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Fehrenbacher
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Steinhilber
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Martella
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Kohlhofer
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lars Zender
- Department of Internal Medicine VIII, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Physiology I, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Translational Gastrointestinal Oncology Group, German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Röcken
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Rammensee HG, Wiesmüller KH, Chandran PA, Zelba H, Rusch E, Gouttefangeas C, Kowalewski DJ, Di Marco M, Haen SP, Walz JS, Gloria YC, Bödder J, Schertel JM, Tunger A, Müller L, Kießler M, Wehner R, Schmitz M, Jakobi M, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Klein R, Laske K, Artzner K, Backert L, Schuster H, Schwenck J, Weber ANR, Pichler BJ, Kneilling M, la Fougère C, Forchhammer S, Metzler G, Bauer J, Weide B, Schippert W, Stevanović S, Löffler MW. A new synthetic toll-like receptor 1/2 ligand is an efficient adjuvant for peptide vaccination in a human volunteer. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:307. [PMID: 31730025 PMCID: PMC6858783 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously showed that the bacterial lipopeptide Pam3Cys-Ser-Ser, meanwhile established as a toll-like receptor (TLR) 1/2 ligand, acts as a strong adjuvant for the induction of virus specific CD8+ T cells in mice, when covalently coupled to a synthetic peptide. CASE PRESENTATION We now designed a new water-soluble synthetic Pam3Cys-derivative, named XS15 and characterized it in vitro by a TLR2 NF-κB luciferase reporter assay. Further, the capacity of XS15 to activate immune cells and stimulate peptide-specific CD8+ T and NK cells by 6-sulfo LacNAc+ monocytes was assessed by flow cytometry as well as cytokine induction using immunoassays. The induction of a functional immune response after vaccination of a volunteer with viral peptides was assessed by ELISpot assay and flow cytometry in peripheral blood cells and infiltrating cells at the vaccination site, as well as by immunohistochemistry and imaging. XS15 induced strong ex vivo CD8+ and TH1 CD4+ responses in a human volunteer upon a single injection of XS15 mixed to uncoupled peptides in a water-in-oil emulsion (Montanide™ ISA51 VG). A granuloma formed locally at the injection site containing highly activated functional CD4+ and CD8+ effector memory T cells. The total number of vaccine peptide-specific functional T cells was experimentally assessed and estimated to be 3.0 × 105 in the granuloma and 20.5 × 106 in peripheral blood. CONCLUSION Thus, in one volunteer we show a granuloma forming by peptides combined with an efficient adjuvant in a water-in-oil-emulsion, inducing antigen specific T cells detectable in circulation and at the vaccination site, after one single vaccination only. The ex vivo T cell responses in peripheral blood were detectable for more than one year and could be strongly boosted by a second vaccination. Hence, XS15 is a promising adjuvant candidate for peptide vaccination, in particular for tumor peptide vaccines in a personalized setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.
| | | | - P Anoop Chandran
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Henning Zelba
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elisa Rusch
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cécile Gouttefangeas
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Daniel J Kowalewski
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Present address: Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Moreno Di Marco
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Haen
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane S Walz
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.,Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yamel Cardona Gloria
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Bödder
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jill-Marie Schertel
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antje Tunger
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany and Helmholtz Association/ Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
| | - Luise Müller
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kießler
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rebekka Wehner
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany and Helmholtz Association/ Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmitz
- Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Partner Site Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany and Helmholtz Association/ Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meike Jakobi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | | | - Reinhild Klein
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmonology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Karoline Laske
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Artzner
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Linus Backert
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Present address: Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Schuster
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Present address: Immatics Biotechnologies GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schwenck
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander N R Weber
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.,Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.,Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Medical Faculty, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian la Fougère
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Forchhammer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gisela Metzler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bauer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weide
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schippert
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stevanović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Markus W Löffler
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tubingen, Germany. .,Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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49
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Hoffmann SHL, Reck DI, Maurer A, Fehrenbacher B, Sceneay JE, Poxleitner M, Öz HH, Ehrlichmann W, Reischl G, Fuchs K, Schaller M, Hartl D, Kneilling M, Möller A, Pichler BJ, Griessinger CM. Visualization and quantification of in vivo homing kinetics of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in primary and metastatic cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:5869-5885. [PMID: 31534525 PMCID: PMC6735369 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immunosuppressive cells of the myeloid compartment and major players in the tumor microenvironment (TME). With increasing numbers of studies describing MDSC involvement in cancer immune escape, cancer metastasis and the dampening of immunotherapy responses, MDSCs are of high interest in current cancer therapy research. Although heavily investigated in the last decades, the in vivo migration dynamics of MDSC subpopulations in tumor- or metastases-bearing mice have not yet been studied extensively. Therefore, we have modified our previously reported intracellular cell labeling method and applied it to in vitro generated MDSCs for the quantitative in vivo monitoring of MDSC migration in primary and metastatic cancer. MDSC migration to primary cancers was further correlated to the frequency of endogenous MDSCs. Methods: Utilizing a 64Cu-labeled 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-triacetic acid (NOTA)-modified CD11b-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) (clone M1/70), we were able to label in vitro generated polymorphonuclear (PMN-) and monocytic (M-) MDSCs for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Radiolabeled PMN- and M-MDSCs ([64Cu]PMN-MDSCs and [64Cu]M-MDSCs, respectively) were then adoptively transferred into primary and metastatic MMTV-PyMT-derived (PyMT-) breast cancer- and B16F10 melanoma-bearing experimental animals, and static PET and anatomical magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired 3, 24 and 48 h post cell injection. Results: The internalization of the [64Cu]NOTA-mAb-CD11b-complex was completed within 3 h, providing moderately stable radiolabeling with little detrimental effect on cell viability and function as determined by Annexin-V staining and T cell suppression in flow cytometric assays. Further, we could non-invasively and quantitatively monitor the migration and tumor homing of both [64Cu]NOTA-αCD11b-mAb-labeled PMN- and M-MDSCs in mouse models of primary and metastatic breast cancer and melanoma by PET. We were able to visualize and quantify an increased migration of adoptively transferred [64Cu]M-MDSCs than [64Cu]PMN-MDSCs to primary breast cancer lesions. The frequency of endogenous MDSCs in the PyMT breast cancer and B16F10 melanoma model correlated to the uptake values of adoptively transferred MDSCs with higher frequencies of PMN- and M-MDSCs in the more aggressive B16F10 melanoma tumors. Moreover, aggressively growing melanomas and melanoma-metastatic lesions recruited higher percentages of both [64Cu]PMN- and [64Cu]M-MDSCs than primary and metastatic breast cancer lesions as early as 24 h post adoptive MDSC transfer, indicating an overall stronger recruitment of cancer-promoting immunosuppressive MDSCs. Conclusion: Targeting of the cell surface integrin CD11b with a radioactive mAb is feasible for labeling of murine MDSCs for PET imaging. Fast internalization of the [64Cu]NOTA-αCD11b-mAb provides presumably enhanced stability while cell viability and functionality was not significantly affected. Moreover, utilization of the CD11b-specific mAb allows for straightforward adaptation of the labeling approach for in vivo molecular imaging of other myeloid cells of interest in cancer therapy, including monocytes, macrophages or neutrophils.
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50
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Di X, Wölfer M, Amend M, Wehrl H, Ionescu TM, Pichler BJ, Biswal BB. Interregional causal influences of brain metabolic activity reveal the spread of aging effects during normal aging. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4657-4668. [PMID: 31389641 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
During healthy brain aging, different brain regions show anatomical or functional declines at different rates, and some regions may show compensatory increases in functional activity. However, few studies have explored interregional influences of brain activity during the aging process. We proposed a causality analysis framework combining high dimensionality independent component analysis (ICA), Granger causality, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression on longitudinal brain metabolic activity data measured by Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET). We analyzed FDG-PET images from healthy old subjects, who were scanned for at least five sessions with an averaged intersession interval of 1 year. The longitudinal data were concatenated across subjects to form a time series, and the first-order autoregressive model was used to measure interregional causality among the independent sources of metabolic activity identified using ICA. Several independent sources with reduced metabolic activity in aging, including the anterior temporal lobe and orbital frontal cortex, demonstrated causal influences over many widespread brain regions. On the other hand, the influenced regions were more distributed, and had smaller age-related declines or even relatively increased metabolic activity. The current data demonstrated interregional spreads of aging on metabolic activity at the scale of a year, and have identified key brain regions in the aging process that have strong influences over other regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Marie Wölfer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey.,Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department for Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mario Amend
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans Wehrl
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tudor M Ionescu
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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