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Knopf P, Pacheco-Torres J, Zizmare L, Mori N, Wildes F, Zhou B, Krishnamachary B, Mironchik Y, Kneilling M, Trautwein C, Pichler BJ, Bhujwalla ZM. Metabolic fingerprinting by nuclear magnetic resonance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells during p53 reactivation-induced senescence. NMR Biomed 2024:e5157. [PMID: 38589764 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by stable cell cycle arrest. Senescent cells exhibit a senescence-associated secretory phenotype that can promote tumor progression. The aim of our study was to identify specific nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based markers of cancer cell senescence. For metabolic studies, we employed murine liver carcinoma Harvey Rat Sarcoma Virus (H-Ras) cells, in which reactivation of p53 expression induces senescence. Senescent and nonsenescent cell extracts were subjected to high-resolution proton (1H)-NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics, and dynamic metabolic changes during senescence were analyzed using a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)-compatible cell perfusion system. Additionally, the ability of intact senescent cells to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM) was quantified in the cell perfusion system. Analysis of senescent H-Ras cell extracts revealed elevated sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, myoinositol, taurine, and creatine levels, with decreases in glycine, o-phosphocholine, threonine, and valine. These metabolic findings were accompanied by a greater degradation index of the ECM in senescent H-Ras cells than in control H-Ras cells. MRS studies with the cell perfusion system revealed elevated creatine levels in senescent cells on Day 4, confirming the 1H-NMR results. These senescence-associated changes in metabolism and ECM degradation strongly impact growth and redox metabolism and reveal potential MRS signals for detecting senescent cancer cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Knopf
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jesus Pacheco-Torres
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laimdota Zizmare
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Noriko Mori
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Flonne Wildes
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Benyuan Zhou
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Trautwein
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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2
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Knopf P, Stowbur D, Hoffmann SHL, Hermann N, Maurer A, Bucher V, Poxleitner M, Tako B, Sonanini D, Krishnamachary B, Sinharay S, Fehrenbacher B, Gonzalez-Menendez I, Reckmann F, Bomze D, Flatz L, Kramer D, Schaller M, Forchhammer S, Bhujwalla ZM, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Schulze-Osthoff K, Pagel MD, Fransen MF, Röcken M, Martins AF, Pichler BJ, Ghoreschi K, Kneilling M. Acidosis-mediated increase in IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression on cancer cells as an immune escape mechanism in solid tumors. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:207. [PMID: 38102680 PMCID: PMC10722725 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01900-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer therapy, yet the efficacy of these treatments is often limited by the heterogeneous and hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) of solid tumors. In the TME, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on cancer cells is mainly regulated by Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), which induces T cell exhaustion and enables tumor immune evasion. In this study, we demonstrate that acidosis, a common characteristic of solid tumors, significantly increases IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression on aggressive cancer cells, thus promoting immune escape. Using preclinical models, we found that acidosis enhances the genomic expression and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), and the translation of STAT1 mRNA by eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (elF4F), resulting in an increased PD-L1 expression. We observed this effect in murine and human anti-PD-L1-responsive tumor cell lines, but not in anti-PD-L1-nonresponsive tumor cell lines. In vivo studies fully validated our in vitro findings and revealed that neutralizing the acidic extracellular tumor pH by sodium bicarbonate treatment suppresses IFN-γ-induced PD-L1 expression and promotes immune cell infiltration in responsive tumors and thus reduces tumor growth. However, this effect was not observed in anti-PD-L1-nonresponsive tumors. In vivo experiments in tumor-bearing IFN-γ-/- mice validated the dependency on immune cell-derived IFN-γ for acidosis-mediated cancer cell PD-L1 induction and tumor immune escape. Thus, acidosis and IFN-γ-induced elevation of PD-L1 expression on cancer cells represent a previously unknown immune escape mechanism that may serve as a novel biomarker for anti-PD-L1/PD-1 treatment response. These findings have important implications for the development of new strategies to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Knopf
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dimitri Stowbur
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina H L Hoffmann
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Hermann
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maurer
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Valentina Bucher
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marilena Poxleitner
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bredi Tako
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Sonanini
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanhita Sinharay
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | | | - Irene Gonzalez-Menendez
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Reckmann
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - David Bomze
- Department of Dermatology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Lukas Flatz
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Kramer
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Tübingen University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mark D Pagel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Rd, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martin Röcken
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - André F Martins
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Tübingen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Röntgenweg 13, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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3
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Parkins KM, Krishnamachary B, Jacob D, Kakkad SM, Solaiyappan M, Mishra A, Mironchik Y, Penet MF, McMahon MT, Knopf P, Pichler BJ, Nimmagadda S, Bhujwalla ZM. PET/MRI and Bioluminescent Imaging Identify Hypoxia as a Cause of Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Image Heterogeneity. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2023; 5:e220138. [PMID: 37389448 PMCID: PMC10413302 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.220138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To examine the association between hypoxia and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and PET/MRI in a syngeneic mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials and Methods PET/MRI and optical imaging were used to determine the role of hypoxia in altering PD-L1 expression using a syngeneic TNBC model engineered to express luciferase under hypoxia. Results Imaging showed a close spatial association between areas of hypoxia and increased PD-L1 expression in the syngeneic murine (4T1) tumor model. Mouse and human TNBC cells exposed to hypoxia exhibited a significant increase in PD-L1 expression, consistent with the in vivo imaging data. The role of hypoxia in increasing PD-L1 expression was further confirmed by using The Cancer Genome Atlas analyses of different human TNBCs. Conclusion These results have identified the potential role of hypoxia in contributing to PD-L1 heterogeneity in tumors by increasing cancer cell PD-L1 expression. Keywords: Hypoxia, PD-L1, Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, PET/MRI, Bioluminescence Imaging Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Desmond Jacob
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Samata M. Kakkad
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Meiyappan Solaiyappan
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Akhilesh Mishra
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Marie-France Penet
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Michael T. McMahon
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Philipp Knopf
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Bernd J. Pichler
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
| | - Zaver M. Bhujwalla
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological
Science (K.M.P., B.K., D.J., S.M.K., M.S., A.M., Y.M., M.F.P., M.T.M., S.N.,
Z.M.B.), Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (M.F.P., S.N., Z.M.B.), and
Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences (Z.M.B.), The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, Rm 208C Traylor
Building, Baltimore, MD 21205; The F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional
Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Md (M.T.M.); and Werner
Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy,
Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany (P.K., B.J.P.)
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4
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Knopf P, Stowbur D, Hoffmann SHL, Fransen MF, Schwenck J, Pichler BJ, Kneilling M. Preclinical Identification Of Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes Using a Multimodal Non-invasive In vivo Imaging Approach. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:606-618. [PMID: 36600172 PMCID: PMC10172276 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01797-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resection of the tumor-draining lymph -node (TDLN) represents a standard method to identify metastasis for several malignancies. Interestingly, recent preclinical studies indicate that TDLN resection diminishes the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor-based cancer immunotherapies. Thus, accurate preclinical identification of TDLNs is pivotal to uncovering the underlying immunological mechanisms. Therefore, we validated preclinically, and clinically available non-invasive in vivo imaging approaches for precise TDLN identification. PROCEDURES For visualization of the lymphatic drainage into the TDLNs by non-invasive in vivo optical imaging, we injected the optical imaging contrast agents Patent Blue V (582.7 g mol-1) and IRDye® 800CW polyethylene glycol (PEG; 25,000-60,000 g mol-1), subcutaneously (s.c.) in close proximity to MC38 adenocarcinomas at the right flank of experimental mice. For determination of the lymphatic drainage and the glucose metabolism in TDLNs by non-invasive in vivo PET/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI), we injected the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer (2-deoxy-2[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (18F-FDG) [181.1 g mol-1]) in a similar manner. For ex vivo cross-correlation, we isolated TDLNs and contralateral nontumor-draining lymph nodes (NTDLNs) and performed optical imaging, biodistribution, and autoradiography analysis. RESULTS The clinically well-established Patent Blue V was superior for intraoperative macroscopic identification of the TDLNs compared with IRDye® 800CW PEG but was not sensitive enough for non-invasive in vivo detection by optical imaging. Ex vivo Patent Blue V biodistribution analysis clearly identified the right accessory axillary and the proper axillary lymph node (LN) as TDLNs, whereas ex vivo IRDye® 800CW PEG completely failed. In contrast, functional non-invasive in vivo 18F-FDG PET/MRI identified a significantly elevated uptake exclusively within the ipsilateral accessory axillary TDLN of experimental mice and was able to differentiate between the accessory axillary and the proper LN. Ex vivo biodistribution and autoradiography confirmed our in vivo 18F-FDG PET/MRI results. CONCLUSIONS When taken together, our results demonstrate the feasibility of 18F-FDG-PET/MRI as a valid method for non-invasive in vivo, intraoperative, and ex vivo identification of the lymphatic drainage and glucose metabolism within the TDLNs. In addition, using Patent Blue V provides additive value for the macroscopic localization of the lymphatic drainage both visually and by ex vivo optical imaging analysis. Thus, both methods are valuable, easy to implement, and cost-effective for preclinical identification of the TDLN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Knopf
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dimitri Stowbur
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina H L Hoffmann
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Schwenck
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd J Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany. .,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", 72076, Tübingen, Germany. .,Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.
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5
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Seitz CM, Mittelstaet J, Atar D, Hau J, Reiter S, Illi C, Kieble V, Engert F, Drees B, Bender G, Krahl AC, Knopf P, Schroeder S, Paulsen N, Rokhvarguer A, Scheuermann S, Rapp E, Mast AS, Rabsteyn A, Schleicher S, Grote S, Schilbach K, Kneilling M, Pichler B, Lock D, Kotter B, Dapa S, Miltenyi S, Kaiser A, Lang P, Handgretinger R, Schlegel P. Novel adapter CAR-T cell technology for precisely controllable multiplex cancer targeting. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:2003532. [PMID: 35686214 PMCID: PMC9172918 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2003532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy holds great promise to sustainably improve cancer treatment. However, currently, a broad applicability of CAR-T cell therapies is hampered by limited CAR-T cell versatility and tractability and the lack of exclusive target antigens to discriminate cancerous from healthy tissues. To achieve temporal and qualitative control on CAR-T function, we engineered the Adapter CAR (AdCAR) system. AdCAR-T are redirected to surface antigens via biotin-labeled adapter molecules in the context of a specific linker structure, referred to as Linker-Label-Epitope. AdCAR-T execute highly specific and controllable effector function against a multiplicity of target antigens. In mice, AdCAR-T durably eliminate aggressive lymphoma. Importantly, AdCAR-T might prevent antigen evasion by combinatorial simultaneous or sequential targeting of multiple antigens and are capable to identify and differentially lyse cancer cells by integration of adapter molecule-mediated signals based on multiplex antigen expression profiles. In consequence the AdCAR technology enables controllable, flexible, combinatorial, and selective targeting. Adapter CAR-T cells for multiple synchronic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M. Seitz
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Atar
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jana Hau
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Selina Reiter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Clara Illi
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Verena Kieble
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Engert
- R&D Department, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Britta Drees
- R&D Department, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Giulia Bender
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Krahl
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Knopf
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schroeder
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nikolas Paulsen
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Rokhvarguer
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Scheuermann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Elena Rapp
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Sophia Mast
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Armin Rabsteyn
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (Exc 2180) “Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Schleicher
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Grote
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karin Schilbach
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (Exc 2180) “Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (Exc 2180) “Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Lock
- R&D Department, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Bettina Kotter
- R&D Department, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Sandra Dapa
- R&D Department, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Stefan Miltenyi
- R&D Department, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Andrew Kaiser
- R&D Department, Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Peter Lang
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (Exc 2180) “Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (Exc 2180) “Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlegel
- Department of General Pediatrics, Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (Exc 2180) “Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Cellular Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Westmead, Australia
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Westmead Children’s Hospital, Westmead, Australia
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6
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Sonanini D, Griessinger C, Barbara S, Knopf P, Dittmann K, Röcken M, Pichler B, Kneilling M. 027 2Gy low-dose total body irradiation facilitates antitumoral Th1 immune responses in tumor antigen specific Th1 cell and immune checkpoint inhibitor-based cancer immunotherapy. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Cutler SD, Knopf P, Campbell CJV, Thoni A, El Hassan MA, Forward N, White D, Wagner J, Goudie M, Boudreau JE, Kennedy BE, Gujar S, Gaston D, Elnenaei MO. DMG26: A Targeted Sequencing Panel for Mutation Profiling to Address Gaps in the Prognostication of Multiple Myeloma. J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:1699-1714. [PMID: 34562616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma presents with numerous primary genomic lesions that broadly dichotomize cases into hyperdiploidy or IgH translocated. Clinically, these large alterations are assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for risk stratification at diagnosis. Secondary focal events, including indels and single-nucleotide variants, are also reported; however, their clinical correlates are poorly described, and FISH has insufficient resolution to assess many of them. In this study, we examined the exonic sequences of 26 genes reported to be mutated in >1% of patients with myeloma using a custom panel. We sequenced these exons to approximately 1000 times in a cohort of 76 patients from Atlantic Canada with detailed clinical correlates and in four multiple myeloma cell lines. Across the 76 patients, 255 mutations and 33 focal copy number variations were identified. High-severity mutations and mutations predicted by FATHMM-XF to be pathogenic identified patients with significantly reduced progression-free survival. These mutations were mutually exclusive from the Revised International Staging System high-risk FISH markers and were independent of all biochemical parameters of the Revised International Staging System. Applying our panel to patients classified by FISH to be standard risk successfully reclassified patients into high- and standard-risk groups. Furthermore, three patients in our cohort each had two high-risk markers; two of these patients developed plasma cell leukemia, a rare and severe clinical sequela of multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D Cutler
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Philipp Knopf
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Clinton J V Campbell
- Pathology & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Thoni
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | - Nicholas Forward
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Darrell White
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Julie Wagner
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Marissa Goudie
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Jeanette E Boudreau
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Barry E Kennedy
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Shashi Gujar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Daniel Gaston
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Manal O Elnenaei
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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8
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Sonanini D, Griessinger CM, Schörg BF, Knopf P, Dittmann K, Röcken M, Pichler BJ, Kneilling M. Low-dose total body irradiation facilitates antitumoral Th1 immune responses. Theranostics 2021; 11:7700-7714. [PMID: 34335959 PMCID: PMC8315067 DOI: 10.7150/thno.61459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T helper cells are capable of mediating long-term antitumoral immune responses. We developed a combined immunotherapy (COMBO) using tumor antigen-specific T helper 1 cells (Tag-Th1), dual PD-L1/LAG-3 immune checkpoint blockade, and a low-dose total body irradiation (TBI) of 2 Gy, that was highly efficient in controlling the tumor burden of non-immunogenic RIP1-Tag2 mice with late-stage endogenous pancreatic islet carcinomas. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of 2 Gy TBI on the treatment efficacy and the underlying mechanisms to boost CD4+ T cell-based immunotherapies. Methods: Heavily progressed RIP1-Tag2 mice underwent COMBO treatment and their survival was compared to a cohort without 2 Gy TBI. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with radiolabeled anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry were applied to investigate 2 Gy TBI-induced alterations in the biodistribution of endogenous T cells of healthy C3H mice. Migration and homing properties of Cy5-labeled adoptive Tag-Th1 cells were monitored by optical imaging and flow cytometric analyses in C3H and tumor-bearing RIP1-Tag2 mice. Splenectomy or sham-surgery of late-stage RIP1-Tag2 mice was performed before onset of COMBO treatment to elucidate the impact of the spleen on the therapy response. Results: First, we determined a significant longer survival of RIP1-Tag2 mice and an increased CD4+ T cell tumor infiltrate when 2 Gy TBI was applied in addition to Tag-Th1 cell PD-L1/LAG-3 treatment. In non-tumor-bearing C3H mice, TBI induced a moderate host lymphodepletion and a tumor antigen-independent accumulation of Tag-Th1 cells in lymphoid and non-lymphoid organs. In RIP1-Tag2, we found increased numbers of effector memory-like Tag-Th1 and endogenous CD4+ T cells in the pancreatic tumor tissue after TBI, accompanied by a tumor-specific Th1-driven immune response. Furthermore, the spleen negatively regulated T cell effector function by upregulation PD-1/LAG-3/TIM-3 immune checkpoints, providing a further rationale for this combined treatment approach. Conclusion: Low-dose TBI represents a powerful tool to foster CD4+ T cell-based cancer immunotherapies by favoring Th1-driven antitumoral immunity. As TBI is a clinically approved and well-established technique it might be an ideal addition for adoptive cell therapy with CD4+ T cells in the clinical setting.
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9
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Seitz CM, Schroeder S, Knopf P, Krahl AC, Hau J, Schleicher S, Martella M, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Kneilling M, Pichler B, Lang P, Atar D, Schilbach K, Handgretinger R, Schlegel P. GD2-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells prevent metastasis formation by elimination of breast cancer stem-like cells. Oncoimmunology 2019; 9:1683345. [PMID: 32002293 PMCID: PMC6959445 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1683345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the disialoganglioside GD2 has been identified as a marker antigen associated with a breast cancer stem-like cell (BCSC) phenotype. Here, we report on the evaluation of GD2 as a BCSC-specific target antigen for immunotherapy. GD2 expression was confirmed at variable degree in a set of breast cancer cell lines, predominantly in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). To target GD2, we have generated novel anti-GD2 chimeric antigen receptors (GD2-CAR), based on single-chain variable fragments (scFv) derived from the monoclonal antibody (mAb) ch14.18, also known as dinutuximab beta. Expressed on T cells, GD2-CARs mediated specific GD2-dependent T-cell activation and target cell lysis. In contrast to previously described GD2-CARs, no signs of exhaustion by tonic signaling were found. Importantly, application of GD2-CAR expressing T cells (GD2-CAR-T) in an orthotopic xenograft model of TNBC (MDA-MB-231) halted local tumor progression and completely prevented lung metastasis formation. In line with the BCSC model, GD2 expression was only found in a subpopulation (4-6%) of MDA-MB-231 cells before injection. Significant expansion of GD2-CAR-T in tumor-bearing mice as well as T-cell infiltrates in the primary tumor and the lungs were found, indicating site-specific activation of GD2-CAR-T. Our data strongly support previous findings of GD2 as a BCSC-associated antigen. GD2-targeted immunotherapies have been extensively studied in human. In conclusion, GD2-CAR-T should be considered a promising novel approach for GD2-positive breast cancer, especially to eliminate disseminated tumor cells and prevent metastasis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian M Seitz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schroeder
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Knopf
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Krahl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Jana Hau
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Schleicher
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Manuela Martella
- Department of Pathology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Kneilling
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Pichler
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Lang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Atar
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karin Schilbach
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rupert Handgretinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schlegel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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10
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Schwenck J, Maurer A, Fehrenbacher B, Mehling R, Knopf P, Mucha N, Haupt D, Fuchs K, Griessinger CM, Bukala D, Holstein J, Schaller M, Menendez IG, Ghoreschi K, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Gütschow M, Laufer S, Reinheckel T, Röcken M, Kalbacher H, Pichler BJ, Kneilling M. Cysteine-type cathepsins promote the effector phase of acute cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. Theranostics 2019; 9:3903-3917. [PMID: 31281521 PMCID: PMC6587341 DOI: 10.7150/thno.31037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-type cathepsins such as cathepsin B are involved in various steps of inflammatory processes such as antigen processing and angiogenesis. Here, we uncovered the role of cysteine-type cathepsins in the effector phase of T cell-driven cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions (DTHR) and the implication of this role on therapeutic cathepsin B-specific inhibition. Methods: Wild-type, cathepsin B-deficient (Ctsb-/-) and cathepsin Z-deficient (Ctsz-/-) mice were sensitized with 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) on the abdomen and challenged with TNCB on the right ear to induce acute and chronic cutaneous DTHR. The severity of cutaneous DTHR was assessed by evaluating ear swelling responses and histopathology. We performed fluorescence microscopy on tissue from inflamed ears and lymph nodes of wild-type mice, as well as on biopsies from psoriasis patients, focusing on cathepsin B expression by T cells, B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells and NK cells. Cathepsin activity was determined noninvasively by optical imaging employing protease-activated substrate-like probes. Cathepsin expression and activity were validated ex vivo by covalent active site labeling of proteases and Western blotting. Results: Noninvasive in vivo optical imaging revealed strong cysteine-type cathepsin activity in inflamed ears and draining lymph nodes in acute and chronic cutaneous DTHR. In inflamed ears and draining lymph nodes, cathepsin B was expressed by neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages, B, T and natural killer (NK) cells. Similar expression patterns were found in psoriatic plaques of patients. The biochemical methods confirmed active cathepsin B in tissues of mice with cutaneous DTHR. Topically applied cathepsin B inhibitors significantly reduced ear swelling in acute but not chronic DTHR. Compared with wild-type mice, Ctsb-/- mice exhibited an enhanced ear swelling response during acute DTHR despite a lack of cathepsin B expression. Cathepsin Z, a protease closely related to cathepsin B, revealed compensatory expression in inflamed ears of Ctsb-/- mice, while cathepsin B expression was reciprocally elevated in Ctsz-/- mice. Conclusion: Cathepsin B is actively involved in the effector phase of acute cutaneous DTHR. Thus, topically applied cathepsin B inhibitors might effectively limit DTHR such as contact dermatitis or psoriasis. However, the cathepsin B and Z knockout mouse experiments suggested a complementary role for these two cysteine-type proteases.
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11
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Elnenaei MO, Knopf P, Cutler SD, Sinclair K, Abou El Hassan M, Greer W, Goudie M, Wagner J, White D, Couban S, Forward N, Gaston D, Campbell CJ. Low‐depth sequencing for copy number abnormalities in multiple myeloma supersedes fluorescent in situ hybridization in scope and resolution. Clin Genet 2019; 96:163-168. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manal O. Elnenaei
- Department of PathologyDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Philipp Knopf
- Department of PathologyDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Samuel D. Cutler
- Department of PathologyDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Keaton Sinclair
- Department of BiologyDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Mohamed Abou El Hassan
- Department of PathologyDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Medical‐Scientific DepartmentLifeLabs Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Wenda Greer
- Department of PathologyDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Marissa Goudie
- Department of PathologyDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Julie Wagner
- Department of PathologyDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Darrell White
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | | | - Nicholas Forward
- Division of Hematology, Department of MedicineDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Daniel Gaston
- Department of PathologyDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
| | - Clinton J.V. Campbell
- Department of PathologyDalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
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Fransen MF, Schoonderwoerd M, Knopf P, Camps MG, Hawinkels LJ, Kneilling M, van Hall T, Ossendorp F. Tumor-draining lymph nodes are pivotal in PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint therapy. JCI Insight 2018; 3:124507. [PMID: 30518694 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint therapy for cancer is commonly considered to act by reactivating T cells in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we present data from 2 mouse tumor models demonstrating an essential involvement of tumor-draining lymph nodes in PD-1 and PD-L1 therapeutic efficacy. Immune activation induced by checkpoint treatment was predominantly observed in the tumor-draining, but not nondraining, lymph nodes and was reflected in local accumulation of CD8+ T cells. Surgical resection of these lymph nodes, but not contralateral lymph nodes, abolished therapy-induced tumor regressions and was associated with decreased immune infiltrate in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, inhibitor FTY720, which locks lymphocytes in lymph organs, also abrogated checkpoint therapy, suggesting that the tumor-draining lymph nodes function as sites of T cell invigoration required for checkpoint blockade therapy. Now that PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint treatment is applied in earlier clinical stages of cancer, our preclinical data advocate for enrolling patients with their tumor-draining lymph nodes still in place, to optimally engage the antitumor immune response and thereby enhance clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke F Fransen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Philipp Knopf
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Gm Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Manfred Kneilling
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, Netherlands
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13
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14
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Knopf P. Die Genehmigungsverfahren nach dem Bundes-Immissions-schutzgesetz. Von M. Pützund K.-H. Buchholz.Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin - Bielefeld - München 1989. 3. Aufl., 484 S., zahlr. Abb. u. Tab., geb., DM 158,-. CHEM-ING-TECH 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.330620132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Harling-Berg C, Knopf P, Cserr H. Cervical lymph notes secrete antibodies specific for human serum albumin(HSA) microinfused into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). J Neuroimmunol 1988. [PMCID: PMC7134104 DOI: 10.1016/0165-5728(88)90082-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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DePasquale M, Harling-Berg C, Knopf P, Cserr H. Ratio of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to serum antibody titers is higher following central than systemic immunization in the normal rat. J Neuroimmunol 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-5728(88)90078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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