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Valtorta S, Salvatore D, Rainone P, Belloli S, Bertoli G, Moresco RM. Molecular and Cellular Complexity of Glioma. Focus on Tumour Microenvironment and the Use of Molecular and Imaging Biomarkers to Overcome Treatment Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5631. [PMID: 32781585 PMCID: PMC7460665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the importance and the complexity of tumour biology and microenvironment in the progression and therapy resistance of glioma. Specific gene mutations, the possible functions of several non-coding microRNAs and the intra-tumour and inter-tumour heterogeneity of cell types contribute to limit the efficacy of the actual therapeutic options. In this scenario, identification of molecular biomarkers of response and the use of multimodal in vivo imaging and in particular the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) based molecular approach, can help identifying glioma features and the modifications occurring during therapy at a regional level. Indeed, a better understanding of tumor heterogeneity and the development of diagnostic procedures can favor the identification of a cluster of patients for personalized medicine in order to improve the survival and their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Valtorta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.V.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniela Salvatore
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.V.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Paolo Rainone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.V.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sara Belloli
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Gloria Bertoli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Department of Medicine and Surgery and Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milano—Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy; (S.V.); (D.S.); (P.R.)
- Nuclear Medicine Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute (IRCCS), 20132 Milan, Italy;
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, 20090 Segrate, Italy
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Lo Dico A, Salvatore D, Martelli C, Ronchi D, Diceglie C, Lucignani G, Ottobrini L. Intracellular Redox-Balance Involvement in Temozolomide Resistance-Related Molecular Mechanisms in Glioblastoma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111315. [PMID: 31653091 PMCID: PMC6912456 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common astrocytic-derived brain tumor in adults, characterized by a poor prognosis mainly due to the resistance to the available therapy. The study of mitochondria-derived oxidative stress, and of the biological events that orbit around it, might help in the comprehension of the molecular mechanisms at the base of GBM responsiveness to Temozolomide (TMZ). Sensitive and resistant GBM cells were used to test the role of mitochondrial ROS release in TMZ-resistance. Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy (CMA) activation in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) release has been measured by monitoring the expression of specific genes. Treatments with H2O2 were used to test their potential in reverting resistance. Fluctuations of cytoplasmic ROS levels were accountable for CMA induction and cytotoxic effects observed in TMZ sensitive cells after treatment. On the other hand, in resistant cells, TMZ failed in producing an increase in cytoplasmic ROS levels and CMA activation, preventing GBM cell toxicity. By increasing oxidative stress, CMA activation was recovered, as also cell cytotoxicity, especially in combination with TMZ treatment. Herein, for the first time, it is shown the relation between mitochondrial ROS release, CMA activation and TMZ-responsiveness in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy.
| | - Daniela Salvatore
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy.
- Doctorate School of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy.
| | - Dario Ronchi
- Neurology Unit, Neuroscience Section, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Dino Ferrari Centre, IRCCS Foundation Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Diceglie
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy.
| | | | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy.
- Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, 20090 Segrate (MI), Italy.
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3
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PET biomarkers and probes for treatment response assessment in glioblastoma: a work in progress. Clin Transl Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-019-00329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lo Dico A, Valtorta S, Ottobrini L, Moresco RM. Role of Metformin and AKT Axis Modulation in the Reversion of Hypoxia Induced TMZ-Resistance in Glioma Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:463. [PMID: 31214505 PMCID: PMC6554426 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a key driver of tumor adaptation promoting tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Hypoxia related pathways might represent attractive targets for the treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), that up to date is characterized by a poor prognosis. Primary aim of this study was to investigate the role of hypoxia and hypoxia-related modifications in the effect of temozolomide (TMZ) given alone or in association with the antidiabetic agent Metformin (MET) or the PI3K/mTOR blocker, BEZ235. The study was conducted in the TMZ responsive U251 and resistant T98 GBM cells. Our results showed that during hypoxia, TMZ plus MET reduced viability of U251 cells affecting also CD133 and CD90 expressing cells. This effect was associated with a reduction of HIF-1α activity, VEGF release and AKT activation. In T98 TMZ-resistant cells, TMZ plus MET exerted similar effects on HIF-1α. However, in this cell line, TMZ plus MET failed to reduce CD133 positive cells and AKT phosphorylation. Nevertheless, the administration of the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 potentiated the effect of TMZ plus MET on cell viability, inducing a pro-apoptotic phenotype during hypoxic condition also in T98 cells, suggesting the block of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as a complementary target to further overcome GBM resistance during hypoxia. In conclusion, we proposed TMZ plus MET as suitable treatment to revert TMZ-resistance also during hypoxia, an effect potentiated by the inhibition of PI3K/mTOR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy.,Tecnomed Foundation, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milano- Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Segrate, Italy.,Tecnomed Foundation, Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milano- Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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5
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Lo Dico A, Martelli C, Diceglie C, Lucignani G, Ottobrini L. Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Activity as a Switch for Glioblastoma Responsiveness to Temozolomide. Front Oncol 2018; 8:249. [PMID: 30013951 PMCID: PMC6036118 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale The activity of the transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, is a common driver of a number of the pathways involved in the aggressiveness of glioblastomas (GBMs), and it has been suggested that the reduction in this activity observed, soon after the administration of temozolomide (TMZ), can be a biomarker of an early response in GBM models. As HIF-1α is a tightly regulated protein, studying the processes involved in its downregulation could shed new light on the mechanisms underlying GBM sensitivity or resistance to TMZ. Methods The effect of HIF-1α silencing on cell responsiveness to TMZ was assessed in four genetically different human GBM cell lines by evaluating cell viability and apoptosis-related gene balance. LAMP-2A silencing was used to evaluate the contribution of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) to the modulation of HIF-1α activity in TMZ-sensitive and TMZ-resistant cells. Results The results showed that HIF-1α but not HIF-2α activity is associated with GBM responsiveness to TMZ: its downregulation improves the response of TMZ-resistant cells, while blocking CMA-mediated HIF-1α degradation induces resistance to TMZ in TMZ-sensitive cells. These findings are in line with the modulation of crucial apoptosis-related genes. Conclusion Our results demonstrate the central role played by HIF-1α activity in determining the sensitivity or resistance of GBMs to TMZ, and we suggest that CMA is the cellular mechanism responsible for modulating this activity after TMZ treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lo Dico
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Diceglie
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Diagnostic Services, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Karsy M, Gillespie DL, Horn KP, Burrell LD, Yap JT, Jensen RL. Correlation of Glioma Proliferation and Hypoxia by Luciferase, Magnetic Resonance, and Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1742:301-320. [PMID: 29330810 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7665-2_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of primary, malignant brain tumor and significantly impact patients, who have a median survival of ~1 year depending on mutational background. Novel imaging modalities such as luciferase bioluminescence, micro-magnetic resonance imaging (micro-MRI), micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT), and micro-positron emission tomography (micro-PET) have expanded the portfolio of tools available to study this disease. Hypoxia, a key oncogenic driver of glioma and mechanism of resistance, can be studied in vivo by the concomitant use of noninvasive MRI and PET imaging. We present a protocol involving stereotactic injection of syngenic F98 luciferase-expressing glioma cells generated by our laboratory into Fischer 344 rat brains and imaging using luciferase. In addition, 18-F-fludeoxyglucose, 18F-fluoromisonidazole, and 18F-fluorothymidine PET imaging are compared with quantified luciferase flux. These tools can potentially be used for assessing tumor growth characteristics, hypoxia, mutational effects, and treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karsy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David L Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kevin P Horn
- Center for Quantitative Cancer Imaging, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lance D Burrell
- Center for Quantitative Cancer Imaging, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeffery T Yap
- Center for Quantitative Cancer Imaging, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Randy L Jensen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neurosciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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7
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Valtorta S, Lo Dico A, Raccagni I, Gaglio D, Belloli S, Politi LS, Martelli C, Diceglie C, Bonanomi M, Ercoli G, Vaira V, Ottobrini L, Moresco RM. Metformin and temozolomide, a synergic option to overcome resistance in glioblastoma multiforme models. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113090-113104. [PMID: 29348889 PMCID: PMC5762574 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor with poor survival. Cytoreduction in association with radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard therapy, but response is heterogeneous and life expectancy is limited. The combined use of chemotherapeutic agents with drugs targeting cell metabolism is becoming an interesting therapeutic option for cancer treatment. Here, we found that metformin (MET) enhances TMZ effect on TMZ-sensitive cell line (U251) and overcomes TMZ-resistance in T98G GBM cell line. In particular, combined-treatment modulated apoptosis by increasing Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and reduced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production. We also observed that MET associated with TMZ was able to reduce the expression of glioma stem cells (GSC) marker CD90 particularly in T98G cells but not that of CD133. In vivo experiments showed that combined treatment with TMZ and MET significantly slowed down growth of TMZ-resistant tumors but did not affect overall survival of TMZ-sensitive tumor bearing mice. In conclusion, our results showed that metformin is able to enhance TMZ effect in TMZ-resistant cell line suggesting its potential use in TMZ refractory GBM patients. However, the lack of effect on a GBM malignancy marker like CD133 requires further evaluation since it might influence response duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Valtorta
- Tecnomed Foundation and Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Raccagni
- Tecnomed Foundation and Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Gaglio
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Belloli
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
| | - Letterio S Politi
- Imaging Core, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Hematology/Oncology Division and Radiology Department, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Diceglie
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Tecnomed Foundation and Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Ercoli
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation (DEPT), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Tecnomed Foundation and Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), CNR, Segrate, Italy.,Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,SYSBIO.IT, Centre of Systems Biology, Milan, Italy
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8
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Raccagni I, Valtorta S, Moresco RM, Belloli S. Tumour hypoxia: lessons learnt from preclinical imaging. Clin Transl Imaging 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-017-0248-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Chae YC, Vaira V, Caino MC, Tang HY, Seo JH, Kossenkov AV, Ottobrini L, Martelli C, Lucignani G, Bertolini I, Locatelli M, Bryant KG, Ghosh JC, Lisanti S, Ku B, Bosari S, Languino LR, Speicher DW, Altieri DC. Mitochondrial Akt Regulation of Hypoxic Tumor Reprogramming. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:257-272. [PMID: 27505672 PMCID: PMC5131882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a universal driver of aggressive tumor behavior, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Using a phosphoproteomics screen, we now show that active Akt accumulates in the mitochondria during hypoxia and phosphorylates pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) on Thr346 to inactivate the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. In turn, this pathway switches tumor metabolism toward glycolysis, antagonizes apoptosis and autophagy, dampens oxidative stress, and maintains tumor cell proliferation in the face of severe hypoxia. Mitochondrial Akt-PDK1 signaling correlates with unfavorable prognostic markers and shorter survival in glioma patients and may provide an "actionable" therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Chan Chae
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi", Milan 20122, Italy; Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Jae Ho Seo
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy; Institute for Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan 20090, Italy
| | - Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan 20142, Italy; Department of Diagnostic Services, Unit of Nuclear Medicine, San Paolo Hospital, Milan 20142, Italy
| | - Irene Bertolini
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Kelly G Bryant
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jagadish C Ghosh
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sofia Lisanti
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Bonsu Ku
- Functional Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Silvano Bosari
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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10
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Martelli C, Dico AL, Diceglie C, Lucignani G, Ottobrini L. Optical imaging probes in oncology. Oncotarget 2016; 7:48753-48787. [PMID: 27145373 PMCID: PMC5217050 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, characterized by alteration of different physiological molecular processes and cellular features. Keeping this in mind, the possibility of early identification and detection of specific tumor biomarkers by non-invasive approaches could improve early diagnosis and patient management.Different molecular imaging procedures provide powerful tools for detection and non-invasive characterization of oncological lesions. Clinical studies are mainly based on the use of computed tomography, nuclear-based imaging techniques and magnetic resonance imaging. Preclinical imaging in small animal models entails the use of dedicated instruments, and beyond the already cited imaging techniques, it includes also optical imaging studies. Optical imaging strategies are based on the use of luminescent or fluorescent reporter genes or injectable fluorescent or luminescent probes that provide the possibility to study tumor features even by means of fluorescence and luminescence imaging. Currently, most of these probes are used only in animal models, but the possibility of applying some of them also in the clinics is under evaluation.The importance of tumor imaging, the ease of use of optical imaging instruments, the commercial availability of a wide range of probes as well as the continuous description of newly developed probes, demonstrate the significance of these applications. The aim of this review is providing a complete description of the possible optical imaging procedures available for the non-invasive assessment of tumor features in oncological murine models. In particular, the characteristics of both commercially available and newly developed probes will be outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lo Dico
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Umberto Veronesi Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Diceglie
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Tecnomed Foundation, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucignani
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Molecular and Cellular Imaging-IMAGO, Milan, Italy
- Institute for Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy
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11
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Lo Dico A, Costa V, Martelli C, Diceglie C, Rajata F, Rizzo A, Mancone C, Tripodi M, Ottobrini L, Alessandro R, Conigliaro A. MiR675-5p Acts on HIF-1α to Sustain Hypoxic Responses: A New Therapeutic Strategy for Glioma. Theranostics 2016; 6:1105-18. [PMID: 27279905 PMCID: PMC4893639 DOI: 10.7150/thno.14700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature in solid tumours. In glioma, it is considered the major driving force for tumour angiogenesis and correlates with enhanced resistance to conventional therapies, increased invasiveness and a poor prognosis for patients. Here we describe, for the first time, that miR675-5p, embedded in hypoxia-induced long non-coding RNA H19, plays a mandatory role in establishing a hypoxic response and in promoting hypoxia-mediated angiogenesis. We demonstrated, in vitro and in vivo, that miR675-5p over expression in normoxia is sufficient to induce a hypoxic moreover, miR675-5p depletion in low oxygen conditions, drastically abolishes hypoxic responses including angiogenesis. In addition, our data indicate an interaction of miR675-5p, HIF-1α mRNA and the RNA Binding Protein HuR in hypoxia-induced responses. We suggest the modulation of miR675-5p as a new therapeutic option to promote or abolish hypoxia induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Lo Dico
- 1. Tecnomed Foundation of the University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- 9. Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Viviana Costa
- 2. Laboratory of Tissue Engineering - Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering (PON01-00829), Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Cristina Martelli
- 3. Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Cecilia Diceglie
- 3. Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20100, Italy
- 4. Doctorate School of Molecular Medicine, University of Milan, Milan 20100, Italy
| | - Francesca Rajata
- 5. Unità Operativa di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo 90100, Italy
| | - Aroldo Rizzo
- 5. Unità Operativa di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo 90100, Italy
| | - Carmine Mancone
- 6. Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Marco Tripodi
- 6. Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
- 7. National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome 00149, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- 3. Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20100, Italy
- 8. Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Researches Council (CNR), Segrate (MI) 20093, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- 9. Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy
- 10. Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy, Palermo 90146, Italy
| | - Alice Conigliaro
- 6. Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Cellulari ed Ematologia, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
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Corroyer-Dulmont A, Chakhoyan A, Collet S, Durand L, MacKenzie ET, Petit E, Bernaudin M, Touzani O, Valable S. Imaging Modalities to Assess Oxygen Status in Glioblastoma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2015; 2:57. [PMID: 26347870 PMCID: PMC4541402 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, the result of an inadequacy between a disorganized and functionally impaired vasculature and the metabolic demand of tumor cells, is a feature of glioblastoma. Hypoxia promotes the aggressiveness of these tumors and, equally, negatively correlates with a decrease in outcome. Tools to characterize oxygen status are essential for the therapeutic management of patients with glioblastoma (i) to refine prognosis, (ii) to adapt the treatment regimen, and (iii) to assess the therapeutic efficacy. While methods that are focal and invasive in nature are of limited use, non-invasive imaging technologies have been developed. Each of these technologies is characterized by its singular advantages and limitations in terms of oxygenation status in glioblastoma. The aim of this short review is, first, to focus on the interest to characterize hypoxia for a better therapeutic management of patients and, second, to discuss recent and pertinent approaches for the assessment of oxygenation/hypoxia and their direct implication for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont
- CNRS, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV)/Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Université de Caen Normandie, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Esplanade de la Paix, Normandie Université , Caen , France
| | - Ararat Chakhoyan
- CNRS, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV)/Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Université de Caen Normandie, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Esplanade de la Paix, Normandie Université , Caen , France
| | - Solène Collet
- CNRS, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV)/Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Université de Caen Normandie, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Esplanade de la Paix, Normandie Université , Caen , France
| | - Lucile Durand
- CNRS, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV)/Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Université de Caen Normandie, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Esplanade de la Paix, Normandie Université , Caen , France
| | - Eric T MacKenzie
- CNRS, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV)/Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Université de Caen Normandie, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Esplanade de la Paix, Normandie Université , Caen , France
| | - Edwige Petit
- CNRS, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV)/Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Université de Caen Normandie, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Esplanade de la Paix, Normandie Université , Caen , France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- CNRS, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV)/Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Université de Caen Normandie, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Esplanade de la Paix, Normandie Université , Caen , France
| | - Omar Touzani
- CNRS, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV)/Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Université de Caen Normandie, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Esplanade de la Paix, Normandie Université , Caen , France
| | - Samuel Valable
- CNRS, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant (DSV)/Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale (I2BM), UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Université de Caen Normandie, UMR 6301-Imagerie et stratégies thérapeutiques des pathologies cérébrales et tumorales (ISTCT), CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron , Caen , France ; Esplanade de la Paix, Normandie Université , Caen , France
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13
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Luwor RB, Stylli SS, Kaye AH. Using bioluminescence imaging in glioma research. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22:779-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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14
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Identification of imaging biomarkers for the assessment of tumour response to different treatments in a preclinical glioma model. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2015; 42:1093-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-015-3040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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15
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Bürgi S, Seuwen A, Keist R, Vom Berg J, Grandjean J, Rudin M. In vivo imaging of hypoxia-inducible factor regulation in a subcutaneous and orthotopic GL261 glioma tumor model using a reporter gene assay. Mol Imaging 2015; 13. [PMID: 25248521 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2014.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral hypoxia changes the metabolism of gliomas, leading to a more aggressive phenotype with increased resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Hypoxia triggers a signaling cascade with hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) as a key regulator. We monitored activation of the HIF pathway longitudinally in murine glioma tumors. GL261 cells, stably transfected with a luciferase reporter driven under the control of a promoter comprising the HIF target gene motive hypoxia response element, were implanted either subcutaneously or orthotopically. In vivo experiments were carried out using bioluminescence imaging. Tumors were subsequently analyzed using immunofluorescence staining for hypoxia, endothelial cells, tumor perfusion, and glucose transporter expression. Transient upregulation of the HIF signaling was observed in both subcutaneous and orthotopic gliomas. Immunofluorescence staining confirmed hypoxic regions in subcutaneous and, to a lesser extent, intracranial tumors. Subcutaneous tumors showed substantial necrosis, which might contribute to the decreased bioluminescence output observed toward the end of the experiment. Orthotopic tumors were less hypoxic than subcutaneous ones and did not develop extensive necrotic areas. Although this may be the result of the overall smaller size of orthotopic tumors, it might also reflect differences in the local environment, such as the better intrinsic vascularization of brain tissue compared to the subcutaneous tissue compartment.
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