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Lombardi P, Filetti M, Falcone R, Altamura V, Paroni Sterbini F, Bria E, Fabi A, Giannarelli D, Scambia G, Daniele G. Overview of Trop-2 in Cancer: From Pre-Clinical Studies to Future Directions in Clinical Settings. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1744. [PMID: 36980630 PMCID: PMC10046386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast cell surface antigen-2 (Trop-2) is a glycoprotein that was first described as a membrane marker of trophoblast cells and was associated with regenerative abilities. Trop-2 overexpression was also described in several tumour types. Nevertheless, the therapeutic potential of Trop-2 was widely recognized and clinical studies with drug-antibody conjugates have been initiated in various cancer types. Recently, these efforts have been rewarded with the approval of sacituzumab govitecan from both the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA), for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients. In our work, we briefly summarize the various characteristics of cancer cells overexpressing Trop-2, the pre-clinical activities of specific inhibitors, and the role of anti-Trop-2 therapy in current clinical practice. We also review the ongoing clinical trials to provide a snapshot of the future developments of these therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Lombardi
- Phase 1 Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Filetti
- Phase 1 Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosa Falcone
- Phase 1 Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Altamura
- Phase 1 Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emilio Bria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fabi
- Precision Medicine in Senology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Diana Giannarelli
- Facility of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Daniele
- Phase 1 Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Meher N, VanBrocklin HF, Wilson DM, Flavell RR. PSMA-Targeted Nanotheranostics for Imaging and Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:315. [PMID: 37259457 PMCID: PMC9964110 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted nanotheranostic systems offer significant benefits due to the integration of diagnostic and therapeutic functionality, promoting personalized medicine. In recent years, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has emerged as an ideal theranostic target, fueling multiple new drug approvals and changing the standard of care in prostate cancer (PCa). PSMA-targeted nanosystems such as self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs), liposomal structures, water-soluble polymers, dendrimers, and other macromolecules are under development for PCa theranostics due to their multifunctional sensing and therapeutic capabilities. Herein, we discuss the significance and up-to-date development of "PSMA-targeted nanocarrier systems for radioligand imaging and therapy of PCa". The review also highlights critical parameters for designing nanostructured radiopharmaceuticals for PCa, including radionuclides and their chelators, PSMA-targeting ligands, and the EPR effect. Finally, prospects and potential for clinical translation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niranjan Meher
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Henry F. VanBrocklin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Liu X, Deng J, Yuan Y, Chen W, Sun W, Wang Y, Huang H, Liang B, Ming T, Wen J, Huang B, Xing D. Advances in Trop2-targeted therapy: Novel agents and opportunities beyond breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108296. [PMID: 36208791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trop2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein and calcium signal transducer with limited expression in normal human tissues. It is consistently overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors and participates in several oncogenic signaling pathways that lead to tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. As a result, Trop2 has become an attractive therapeutic target in cancer treatment. The anti-Trop2 antibody-drug conjugate (Trodelvy™, sacituzumab govitecan) has been approved to treat metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. However, it is still unclear whether the success observed in Trop2-positive breast cancer could be replicated in other tumor types, owing to the differences in the expression levels and functions of Trop2 across cancer types. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the structures and functions of Trop2 and highlight the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of Trop2 beyond breast cancer. In addition, the promising novel Trop2-targeted agents in the clinic were discussed, which will likely alter the therapeutic landscape of Trop2-positive tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junwen Deng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenshe Sun
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haiming Huang
- Shanghai Asia United Antibody Medical Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tao Ming
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jialian Wen
- School of Social Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Binghuan Huang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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ImmunoPET for prostate cancer in the PSMA era: do we need other targets? Clin Transl Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40336-022-00520-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wang Q, Zhang X, Wei W, Cao M. PET Imaging of Lung Cancers in Precision Medicine: Current Landscape and Future Perspective. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3471-3483. [PMID: 35771950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in cancer treatment, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Immunotherapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) achieved substantial efficacy in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, most ICIs are still a monoclonal antibody (mAb). Using mAbs or antibody derivatives labeled with radionuclide as the tracers, immunopositron emission tomography (immunoPET) possesses multiple advantages over traditional 18F-FDG PET in imaging lung cancers. ImmunoPET presents excellent potential in detecting, diagnosing, staging, risk stratification, treatment guidance, and recurrence monitoring of lung cancers. By using radiolabeled mAbs, immunoPET can visualize the biodistribution and uptake of ICIs, providing a noninvasive modality for patient stratification and response evaluation. Some novel targets and associated tracers for immunoPET have been discovered and investigated. This Review introduces the value of immunoPET in imaging lung cancers by summarizing both preclinical and clinical evidence. We also emphasize the value of immunoPET in optimizing immunotherapy in NSCLC. Lastly, immunoPET probes developed for imaging small cell lung cancer (SCLC) will also be discussed. Although the major focus is to summarize the immunoPET tracers for lung cancers, we also highlighted several small-molecule PET tracers to give readers a balanced view of the development status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Xindi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200217, China
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Manafi-Farid R, Ataeinia B, Ranjbar S, Jamshidi Araghi Z, Moradi MM, Pirich C, Beheshti M. ImmunoPET: Antibody-Based PET Imaging in Solid Tumors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:916693. [PMID: 35836956 PMCID: PMC9273828 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a molecular imaging modality combining the high sensitivity of PET with the specific targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies. Various radioimmunotracers have been successfully developed to target a broad spectrum of molecules expressed by malignant cells or tumor microenvironments. Only a few are translated into clinical studies and barely into clinical practices. Some drawbacks include slow radioimmunotracer kinetics, high physiologic uptake in lymphoid organs, and heterogeneous activity in tumoral lesions. Measures are taken to overcome the disadvantages, and new tracers are being developed. In this review, we aim to mention the fundamental components of immunoPET imaging, explore the groundbreaking success achieved using this new technique, and review different radioimmunotracers employed in various solid tumors to elaborate on this relatively new imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Ataeinia
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Ranjbar
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Zahra Jamshidi Araghi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mobin Moradi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christian Pirich
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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Chen W, Li M, Younis MH, Barnhart TE, Jiang D, Sun T, Lang JM, Engle JW, Zhou M, Cai W. ImmunoPET of trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) expression in pancreatic cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:861-870. [PMID: 34519889 PMCID: PMC8810666 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05563-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Without a standard test for pancreatic carcinomas, this highly lethal disease is normally diagnosed at its advanced stage, leading to a low survival rate of patients. Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop-2), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is associated with cell proliferation and highly expressed in most of solid epithelial tumors, including pancreatic cancer. A non-invasive method of imaging Trop-2 would greatly benefit clinical diagnosis and monitoring of pancreatic cancer. In the current study, 89Zr-labeled anti-Trop-2 antibody (AF650) was recruited for the systemic evaluation of Trop-2 as an immunoPET target for pancreatic cancer imaging. METHODS AF650 was conjugated with desferrioxamine (DFO) and then radiolabeled with 89Zr. Trop-2 expression levels were determined in three pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2, and AsPC-1) via western blot, flow cytometry, saturation binding assay, and immunofluorescence staining. The targeting capacity of 89Zr-DFO-AF650 was evaluated in mouse models with subcutaneous xenograft of pancreatic cancers via PET imaging and bio-distribution studies. In addition, a Trop-2-positive orthotopic cancer model was recruited for further validating the targeting specificity of 89Zr-DFO-AF650. RESULTS BxPC-3 cells expressed high levels of Trop-2, while AsPC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells expressed low levels of Trop-2. Additionally, 89Zr-DFO-AF650 exhibited high specificity to Trop-2 in BxPC-3 cells (Kd = 22.34 ± 2.509 nM). In subcutaneous xenograft models, about 28.8 ± 7.63%ID/g tracer accumulated in the BxPC-3 tumors at 120 h post injection, which was much higher than those reaching MIA PaCa-2 (6.76 ± 2.08%ID/g) and AsPC-1 (3.51 ± 0.69%ID/g) tumors (n = 4). More importantly, 89Zr-DFO-AF650 could efficiently distinguish primary tumors in the orthotopic BxPC-3 cancer model, showing high correlation between PET imaging and bio-distribution and sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS 89Zr-DFO-AF650 can be effectively used to detect pancreatic cancer via Trop-2-mediated immunoPET in vivo, clearly revealing the great potential of Trop-2-based non-invasive imaging in pancreatic cancer detection and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Chen
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Li
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
- Department of Cancer Precision Medicine, Med-X Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muhsin H Younis
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Dawei Jiang
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Tuanwei Sun
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Joshua M Lang
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Min Zhou
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, 322000, Zhejiang, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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Abstract
In the recent years, progress in nanotechnology has significantly contributed to the development of novel pharmaceutical formulations to overcome the drawbacks of conventional treatments and improve the therapeutic outcome in many diseases, especially cancer. Nanoparticle vectors have demonstrated the potential to concomitantly deliver diagnostic and therapeutic payloads to diseased tissue. Due to their special physical and chemical properties, the characteristics and function of nanoparticles are tunable based on biological molecular targets and specific desired features (e.g., surface chemistry and diagnostic radioisotope labeling). Within the past decade, several theranostic nanoparticles have been developed as a multifunctional nanosystems which combine the diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities into a single drug delivery platform. Theranostic nanosystems can provide useful information on a real-time systemic distribution of the developed nanosystem and simultaneously transport the therapeutic payload. In general, the diagnostic functionality of theranostic nanoparticles can be achieved through labeling gamma-emitted radioactive isotopes on the surface of nanoparticles which facilitates noninvasive detection using nuclear molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), meanwhile, the therapeutic effect arises from the potent drug released from the nanoparticle. Moreover, some radioisotopes can concurrently emit both gamma radiation and high-energy particles (e.g., alpha, beta, and Auger electrons), prompting the use either alone for radiotheranostics or synergistically with chemotherapy. This chapter provides an overview of the fundamentals of radiochemistry and relevant radiolabeling strategies for theranostic nanosystem development as well as the methods for the preclinical evaluation of radiolabeled nanoparticles. Furthermore, preclinical case studies of recently developed theranostic nanosystems will be highlighted.
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Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Zaman S, Jadid H, Denson AC, Gray JE. Targeting Trop-2 in solid tumors: future prospects. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1781-1790. [PMID: 30881031 PMCID: PMC6402435 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s162447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trop-2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is upregulated in all cancer types independent of baseline levels of Trop-2 expression. Trop-2 is an ideal candidate for targeted therapeutics due to it being a transmembrane protein with an extracellular domain overexpressed on a wide variety of tumors as well as its upregulated expression relative to normal cells. As a result, several Trop-2-targeted therapeutics have recently been developed for clinical use, such as anti-Trop-2 antibodies and Trop-2-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). Subsequently, multiple early-phase clinical trials have demonstrated safety and clinical benefit of Trop-2-based ADCs across multiple tumor types. This includes clinical benefit and tolerability in tumor types with limited treatment options, such as triple-negative breast cancer, platinum-resistant urothelial cancer, and small-cell lung cancer. In this review, we elaborate on all clinical trials involving Trop-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Zaman
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hassan Jadid
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA,
| | - Aaron C Denson
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA,
| | - Jhanelle E Gray
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA,
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Carter LM, Poty S, Sharma SK, Lewis JS. Preclinical optimization of antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals for cancer imaging and radionuclide therapy-Model, vector, and radionuclide selection. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:611-635. [PMID: 29412489 PMCID: PMC6081268 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intact antibodies and their truncated counterparts (eg, Fab, scFv fragments) are generally exquisitely specific and selective vectors, enabling recognition of individual cancer-associated molecular phenotypes against a complex and dynamic biomolecular background. Complementary alignment of these advantages with unique properties of radionuclides is a defining paradigm in both radioimmunoimaging and radioimmunotherapy, which remain some of the most adept and promising tools for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review discusses how translational potency can be maximized through rational selection of antibody-nuclide couples for radioimmunoimaging/therapy in preclinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sophie Poty
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sai Kiran Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Vorobyeva A, Westerlund K, Mitran B, Altai M, Rinne S, Sörensen J, Orlova A, Tolmachev V, Karlström AE. Development of an optimal imaging strategy for selection of patients for affibody-based PNA-mediated radionuclide therapy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9643. [PMID: 29942011 PMCID: PMC6018533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Affibody molecules are engineered scaffold proteins, which demonstrated excellent binding to selected tumor-associated molecular abnormalities in vivo and highly sensitive and specific radionuclide imaging of Her2-expressing tumors in clinics. Recently, we have shown that peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-mediated affibody-based pretargeted radionuclide therapy using beta-emitting radionuclide 177Lu extended significantly survival of mice bearing human Her2-expressing tumor xenografts. In this study, we evaluated two approaches to use positron emission tomography (PET) for stratification of patients for affibody-based pretargeting therapy. The primary targeting probe ZHER2:342-SR-HP1 and the secondary probe HP2 (both conjugated with DOTA chelator) were labeled with the positron-emitting radionuclide 68Ga. Biodistribution of both probes was measured in BALB/C nu/nu mice bearing either SKOV-3 xenografts with high Her2 expression or DU-145 xenografts with low Her2 expression. 68Ga-HP2 was evaluated in the pretargeting setting. Tumor uptake of both probes was compared with the uptake of pretargeted 177Lu-HP2. The uptake of both 68Ga-ZHER2:342-SR-HP1 and 68Ga-HP2 depended on Her2-expression level providing clear discrimination of between tumors with high and low Her2 expression. Tumor uptake of 68Ga-HP2 correlated better with the uptake of 177Lu-HP2 than the uptake of 68Ga-ZHER2:342-SR-HP1. The use of 68Ga-HP2 as a theranostics counterpart would be preferable approach for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhelika Vorobyeva
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristina Westerlund
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bogdan Mitran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mohamed Altai
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Rinne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jens Sörensen
- Nuclear Medicine and PET, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medical Imaging Centre, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Amelie Eriksson Karlström
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Goldenberg DM, Stein R, Sharkey RM. The emergence of trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) as a novel cancer target. Oncotarget 2018; 9:28989-29006. [PMID: 29989029 PMCID: PMC6034748 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
TROP-2 is a glycoprotein first described as a surface marker of trophoblast cells, but subsequently shown to be increased in many solid cancers, with lower expression in certain normal tissues. It regulates cancer growth, invasion and spread by several signaling pathways, and has a role in stem cell biology and other diseases. This review summarizes TROP-2's properties, especially in cancer, and particularly its role as a target for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) or immunotherapy. When the irinotecan metabolite, SN-38, is conjugated to a humanized anti-TROP-2 antibody (sacituzumab govitecan), it shows potent broad anticancer activity in human cancer xenografts and in patients with advanced triple-negative breast, non-small cell and small-cell lung, as well as urothelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Goldenberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Belleville, NJ, USA
- IBC Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Morris Plains, NJ, USA
| | - Rhona Stein
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Belleville, NJ, USA
| | - Robert M. Sharkey
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Immunology, Belleville, NJ, USA
- Immunomedics, Inc., Morris Plains, NJ, USA
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Xu P, Zhao Y, Liu K, Lin S, Liu X, Wang M, Yang P, Tian T, Zhu YY, Dai Z. Prognostic role and clinical significance of trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 in various carcinomas. Cancer Manag Res 2017; 9:821-837. [PMID: 29276405 PMCID: PMC5731441 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s147033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) has been linked to disease prognosis in various human cancers and plays a critical role in tumor development, progression, and metastasis. A number of relevant studies have been published on this topic. A meta-analysis of the latest literature to evaluate the value of TROP2 as a predictive prognosticator of cancer was performed. Methods Several online databases were searched, and relevant articles were retrieved. Overall and subcategory meta-analyses were performed, and results were collated. Results Twenty-seven articles, including 29 studies, were included, involving 4,852 cancer patients, and results showed that the above-baseline expression of TROP2 was significantly associated with poorer overall survival (OS) (pooled hazard ratio [HR]: 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45–2.35), disease-free survival (DFS) (pooled HR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.73–4.42), and progression-free survival (PFS) (pooled HR: 1.71, 95% CI: 1.25–2.35). The following clinical characteristics were also significantly linked with TROP2 overexpression: moderate/poor differentiation (pooled HR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.99–4.63), distant metastasis (pooled HR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.05–5.75), lymph node metastasis (pooled HR: 2.47, 95%: CI 1.72–3.56), and advanced TNM stage (pooled HR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.38–2.95). Conclusion TROP2 overexpression was predictive of poor prognosis in human cancers and may be an independent prognostic predictive biomarker. Further studies should be performed to confirm the significance of TROP2 in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinghan Liu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengtao Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Yao Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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van Duijnhoven SMJ, Rossin R, van den Bosch SM, Wheatcroft MP, Hudson PJ, Robillard MS. Diabody Pretargeting with Click Chemistry In Vivo. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1422-8. [PMID: 26159589 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.159145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Radioimmunotherapy and nuclear imaging (immuno-PET/SPECT) of cancer with radiometal-labeled antibody fragments or peptides is hampered by low tumor-to-kidney ratios because of high renal radiometal retention. Therefore, we developed and evaluated a pretargeting strategy using click chemistry in vivo to reduce kidney uptake and avoid unwanted radiation toxicity. We focused on the bioorthogonal reaction between a trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-functionalized TAG72 targeting diabody, AVP04-07, and a low-molecular-weight radiolabeled tetrazine probe that was previously shown to have low kidney retention and relatively fast renal clearance. METHODS AVP04-07 diabodies were functionalized with TCO tags, and in vitro immunoreactivity toward bovine submaxillary mucin and tetrazine reactivity were assessed. Next, pretargeting biodistribution studies were performed in LS174T tumor-bearing mice with AVP04-07-TCO(n) (where n indicates the number of TCO groups per diabody) and radiolabeled tetrazine to optimize the TCO modification grade (0, 1.8, or 4.7 TCO groups per diabody) and the (177)Lu-tetrazine dose (0.1, 1.0, or 10 Eq with respect to the diabody). Radiolabeled tetrazine was injected at 47 h after diabody injection, and mice were euthanized 3 h later. A pretargeting SPECT/CT study with (111)In-tetrazine was performed with the optimized conditions. RESULTS Immunoreactivity for native AVP04-07 was similar to that for TCO-functionalized AVP04-07, and the latter reacted efficiently with radiolabeled tetrazine in vitro. The combination of the pretargeting component AVP04-07 functionalized with 4.7 TCO groups and 1 Eq of (177)Lu-tetrazine with respect to the diabody showed the most promising biodistribution. Specifically, high (177)Lu-tetrazine tumor uptake (6.9 percentage injected dose/g) was observed with low renal retention, yielding a tumor-to-kidney ratio of 5.7. SPECT/CT imaging confirmed the predominant accumulation of radiolabeled tetrazine in the tumor and low nontumor retention. CONCLUSION Pretargeting provides an alternative radioimmunotherapy and nuclear imaging strategy by overcoming the high renal retention of low-molecular-weight radiometal tumor-homing agents through the separate administration of a tumor-homing agent and a radioactive probe with fast clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raffaella Rossin
- Tagworks Pharmaceuticals, Eindhoven, The Netherlands Oncology Solutions, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M van den Bosch
- Precision and Decentralized Diagnostics, Philips Research, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; and
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