1
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Wachira FW, Githirwa DC, McPartlon T, Nazarenko V, Gonzales JJC, Gazura MM, Leen C, Clary HR, Alston C, Klees LM, Yao L, An M. D-to-E and T19V Variants of the pH-Low Insertion Peptide and Their Doxorubicin Conjugates Interact with Membrane at Higher pH Ranges Than WT. Biochemistry 2023; 62:2997-3011. [PMID: 37793002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
To improve targeted cargo delivery to cancer cells, pH-Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) variants were developed to interact with the membrane at pH values higher than those of the WT. The Asp-to-Glu variants aim to increase side chain pKa without disturbing the sequence of protonations that underpin membrane insertion. The Thr19 variants represent efforts to perturb the critical Pro20 residue. To study the effect of cargo on pHLIP insertion, doxorubicin (Dox), a fluorescent antineoplastic drug, was conjugated to selected variants near the inserting C-terminus. Variants and conjugates were characterized on a POPC membrane using Trp and Dox fluorescence methods to define the entire pH range of insertion (pHinitial-pHfinal). Compared to WT with a pHi-pHf range of 6.7-5.6, D25E-D31E-D33E, D14E-D25E-D31E-D33E, and T19V-D25E variants demonstrated higher pHi-pHf ranges of 7.3-6.1, 7.3-6.3, and 8.2-5.4, respectively. The addition of Dox expanded the pHi-pHf range, mainly by shifting pHi to higher pH values (e.g., WT pHLIP-Dox has a pHi-pHf range of 7.7-5.2). Despite the low Hill coefficient observed for the conjugates, D14E-D25E-D31E-D33E pHLIP-Dox completed insertion by a pHf of 5.7. However, the Dox cargo remained in the hydrophobic membrane interior after pHLIP insertion, which may impede drug release. Finally, a logistic function can describe pHLIP insertion as a peripheral-to-TM (start-to-finish) two-state transition; wherever possible, we discuss data deviating from such sigmoidal fitting in support of the idea that pH-specific intermediate states distinct from the initial peripheral state and the final TM state exist at intervening pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith W Wachira
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Dancan C Githirwa
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Thomas McPartlon
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Vladyslav Nazarenko
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Jerel J C Gonzales
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Makenzie M Gazura
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Caitlin Leen
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Hannah R Clary
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Claire Alston
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Lukas M Klees
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
- Department of Physics, SUNY, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Ming An
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York (SUNY), Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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2
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Liu YC, Wang ZX, Pan JY, Wang LQ, Dai XY, Wu KF, Ye XW, Xu XL. Recent Advances in Imaging Agents Anchored with pH (Low) Insertion Peptides for Cancer Theranostics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052175. [PMID: 36903419 PMCID: PMC10004179 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The acidic extracellular microenvironment has become an effective target for diagnosing and treating tumors. A pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) is a kind of peptide that can spontaneously fold into a transmembrane helix in an acidic microenvironment, and then insert into and cross the cell membrane for material transfer. The characteristics of the acidic tumor microenvironment provide a new method for pH-targeted molecular imaging and tumor-targeted therapy. As research has increased, the role of pHLIP as an imaging agent carrier in the field of tumor theranostics has become increasingly prominent. In this paper, we describe the current applications of pHLIP-anchored imaging agents for tumor diagnosis and treatment in terms of different molecular imaging methods, including magnetic resonance T1 imaging, magnetic resonance T2 imaging, SPECT/PET, fluorescence imaging, and photoacoustic imaging. Additionally, we discuss relevant challenges and future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Liu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Wang
- First Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jing-Yi Pan
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Ling-Qi Wang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Xin-Yi Dai
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Ke-Fei Wu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Xue-Wei Ye
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- Correspondence:
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3
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Zhang Q, Liu N, Wang J, Liu Y, Wang K, Zhang J, Pan X. The Recent Advance of Cell-Penetrating and Tumor-Targeting Peptides as Drug Delivery Systems Based on Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:789-809. [PMID: 36598861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has become the primary reason for industrial countries death. Although first-line treatments have achieved remarkable results in inhibiting tumors, they could have serious side effects because of insufficient selectivity. Therefore, specific localization of tumor cells is currently the main desire for cancer treatment. In recent years, cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), as a kind of promising delivery vehicle, have attracted much attention because they mediate the high-efficiency import of large quantities of cargos in vivo and vitro. Unfortunately, the poor targeting of CPPs is still a barrier to their clinical application. In order to solve this problem, researchers use the various characteristics of tumor microenvironment and multiple receptors to improve the specificity toward tumors. This review focuses on the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, and introduces the development of strategies and peptides based on these characteristics as drug delivery system in the tumor-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Nanxin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
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4
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Visca H, DuPont M, Moshnikova A, Crawford T, Engelman DM, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK. pHLIP Peptides Target Acidity in Activated Macrophages. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:874-885. [PMID: 35604527 PMCID: PMC9681937 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acidity can be a useful alternative biomarker for the targeting of metabolically active cells in certain diseased tissues, as in acute inflammation or aggressive tumors. We investigated the targeting of activated macrophages by pH low insertion peptides (pHLIPs), an established technology for targeting cell-surface acidity. PROCEDURES The uptake of fluorescent pHLIPs by activated macrophages was studied in cell cultures, in a mouse model of lung inflammation, and in a mouse tumor model. Fluorescence microscopy, whole-body and organ imaging, immunohistochemistry, and FACS analysis were employed. RESULTS We find that cultured, activated macrophages readily internalize pHLIPs. The uptake is higher in glycolytic macrophages activated by LPS and INF-γ compared to macrophages activated by IL-4/IL-13. Fluorescent pHLIPs target LPS-induced lung inflammation in mice. In addition to marking cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment, fluorescent pHLIPs target CD45+, CD11b+, F4/80+, and CD206+ tumor-associated macrophages with no significant targeting of other immune cells. Also, fluorescent pHLIPs target CD206-positive cells found in the inguinal lymph nodes of animals inoculated with breast cancer cells in mammary fat pads. CONCLUSIONS pHLIP peptides sense low cell surface pH, which triggers their insertion into the cell membrane. Unlike cancerous cells, activated macrophages do not retain inserted pHLIPs on their surfaces, instead their highly active membrane recycling moves the pHLIPs into endosomes. Targeting activated macrophages in diseased tissues may enable clinical visualization and therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Visca
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Michael DuPont
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Anna Moshnikova
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Troy Crawford
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Donald M Engelman
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Oleg A Andreev
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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5
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Multiplexed Imaging Reveals the Spatial Relationship of the Extracellular Acidity-Targeting pHLIP with Necrosis, Hypoxia, and the Integrin-Targeting cRGD Peptide. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213499. [DOI: 10.3390/cells11213499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIPs) have been developed for cancer imaging and therapy targeting the acidic extracellular microenvironment. However, the characteristics of intratumoral distribution (ITD) of pHLIPs are not yet fully understood. This study aimed to reveal the details of the ITD of pHLIPs and their spatial relationship with other tumor features of concern. The fluorescent dye-labeled pHLIPs were intravenously administered to subcutaneous xenograft mouse models of U87MG and IGR-OV1 expressing αVβ3 integrins (using large necrotic tumors). The αVβ3 integrin-targeting Cy5.5-RAFT-c(-RGDfK-)4 was used as a reference. In vivo and ex vivo fluorescence imaging, whole-tumor section imaging, fluorescence microscopy, and multiplexed fluorescence colocalization analysis were performed. The ITD of fluorescent dye-labeled pHLIPs was heterogeneous, having a high degree of colocalization with necrosis. A direct one-to-one comparison of highly magnified images revealed the cellular localization of pHLIP in pyknotic, karyorrhexis, and karyolytic necrotic cells. pHLIP and hypoxia were spatially contiguous but not overlapping cellularly. The hypoxic region was found between the ITDs of pHLIP and the cRGD peptide and the Ki-67 proliferative activity remained detectable in the pHLIP-accumulated regions. The results provide a better understanding of the characteristics of ITD of pHLIPs, leading to new insights into the theranostic applications of pHLIPs.
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6
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Moshnikova A, DuPont M, Visca H, Engelman DM, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK. Eradication of tumors and development of anti-cancer immunity using STINGa targeted by pHLIP. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023959. [PMID: 36330464 PMCID: PMC9622777 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in the development of novel STING agonists (STINGa), applications appear to be challenged by the low efficiency and poor selectivity of these agents. A pH Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) extends the lifetime of a STINGa in the blood and targets it to acidic cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid derived suppressor cells (mMDSCs) and dendritic cells (DCs). CAFs constitute 25% of all live cells within CT26 tumors, and M2-type TAMs and mMDSCs are the most abundant among the immune cells. The resulting activation of cytokines within the tumor microenvironment (TME) triggers the eradication of small (100 mm3) and large (400-700 mm3) CT26 tumors in mice after a single dose of pHLIP-STINGa. The tumor stroma was destroyed (the number of CAFs was reduced by 98%), intratumoral hemorrhage developed, and the level of acidity within the TME was reduced. Further, no tumors developed in 20 out of 25 tumor-free mice re-challenged by an additional injection of cancer cells. The therapeutic effect on CT26 tumors was insignificant in nude mice, lacking T-cells. Thus, targeted delivery of STINGa to tumor stroma and TAMs induces activation of signaling, potentially resulting in the recruitment and infiltration of T-cells, which gain access to the tumor core. The cytotoxic activity of T-cells is not impaired by an acidic environment and immune memory is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Moshnikova
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Michael DuPont
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Hannah Visca
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Donald M. Engelman
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Oleg A. Andreev
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Yana K. Reshetnyak
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
- *Correspondence: Yana K. Reshetnyak,
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7
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Deskeuvre M, Lan J, Dierge E, Messens J, Riant O, Corbet C, Feron O, Frédérick R. Targeting cancer cells in acidosis with conjugates between the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 inhibitor etomoxir and pH (low) Insertion Peptides. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122041. [PMID: 35868479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Targeting enzymes involved in tumor metabolism is a promising way to tackle cancer progression. The inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) by etomoxir (Eto) efficiently slows down the growth of various cancers. Unfortunately, the clinical use of this drug was abandoned because of hepatotoxic effects. We report the development of pH-sensitive peptide (pHLIP)-drug conjugate to deliver Eto selectively to cancer cells exposed to acidic microenvironmental conditions. A newly designed sequence for the pHLIP peptide, named pHLIPd, was compared with a previously published reference pHLIP peptide, named pHLIPr. We showed that the conjugate between pHLIPd and Eto has a better pH-dependent insertion and structuration than the pHLIPr-based conjugate inside POPC vesicles. We observed antiproliferative effects when applied on acid-adapted cancer cells, reaching a larger inhibitory activity than Eto alone. In conclusion, this study brings the first evidence that pHLIP-based conjugates with a CPT1 inhibitor has the potential to specifically target the tumor acidic compartment and exert anticancer effects while sparing healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Deskeuvre
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Medicinal Chemistry Research Group (CMFA), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 73 Avenue Emmanuel Mounier, B-1200 Brussel, Belgium; Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 57 Avenue Hippocrate B1.57.04, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Junjie Lan
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, MOST Division, Place Louis Pasteur, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Emeline Dierge
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 57 Avenue Hippocrate B1.57.04, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Brussels Center for Redox Biology, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Riant
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, MOST Division, Place Louis Pasteur, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Cyril Corbet
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 57 Avenue Hippocrate B1.57.04, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 57 Avenue Hippocrate B1.57.04, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Frédérick
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Medicinal Chemistry Research Group (CMFA), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 73 Avenue Emmanuel Mounier, B-1200 Brussel, Belgium.
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8
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In Vivo Distribution and Therapeutic Efficacy of Radioiodine-Labeled pH-Low Insertion Peptide Variant 3 in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer. Mol Imaging 2022; 2022:7456365. [PMID: 35903249 PMCID: PMC9281440 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7456365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Extracellular acidity is a marker of highly aggressive breast cancer (BC). pH-low insertion peptides (pHLIPs) target the acidic tumor microenvironment. This study evaluates the distribution and therapeutic efficacy of radioiodine-labeled pHLIP variant 3 (Var3) in a mouse model of BC. Methods. The binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)- or radioiodine-125 (125I) labeled Var3-pHLIP to MDA-MB-231, 4T1, and SK-BR-3 BC cell lines under different pH values was evaluated in vitro. The distribution of 125I-labeled Var3-pHLIP and wild-type- (WT-) pHLIP in tumor-bearing mice was analyzed in vivo using micro-SPECT/CT imaging. The therapeutic efficacy of radioiodine-131 (131I)-labeled Var3-pHLIP in MDA-MB-231 xenografts was evaluated by relative tumor volume measurement and immunohistochemical analysis. Results. The binding ability of FITC- or 125I-labeled Var3-pHLIP to tumor cells increased with the decrease in pH. The tumor-to-background ratio of 125I-Var3-pHLIP in BC xenografts showed the best imaging contrast at 24 h or 48 h postinjection. The uptake of 125I-Var3-pHLIP in MDA-MB-231 xenografts at 2 h postinjection was significantly higher than that of 125I-WT-pHLIP (
vs.
%ID/g,
). The relative tumor volume in MDA-MB-231 xenografts was significantly lower in the 131I-Var3-pHLIP-treated group than in the groups treated with Var3-pHLIP (
), 131I (
), and saline (
). The 131I-Var 3-pHLIP group presented a lower expression of Ki67 and a higher expression of caspase 3. Conclusion. Radioiodine-labeled Var3-pHLIP effectively targeted BC cells in an acidic environment and inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts by ionizing radiation.
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9
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Sharma GP, Meyer AC, Habeeb S, Karbach M, Müller G. Free-energy landscapes and insertion pathways for peptides in membrane environment. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:014404. [PMID: 35974613 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.014404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Free-energy landscapes for short peptides-specifically for variants of the pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP)-in the heterogeneous environment of a lipid bilayer or cell membrane are constructed, taking into account a set of dominant interactions and the conformational preferences of the peptide backbone. Our methodology interprets broken internal H-bonds along the backbone of a polypeptide as statistically interacting quasiparticles, activated from the helix reference state. The favored conformation depends on the local environment (ranging from polar to nonpolar), specifically on the availability of external H-bonds (with H_{2}O molecules or lipid headgroups) to replace internal H-bonds. The dominant side-chain contribution is accounted for by residue-specific transfer free energies between polar and nonpolar environments. The free-energy landscape is sensitive to the level of pH in the aqueous environment surrounding the membrane. For high pH, we identify pathways of descending free energy that suggest a coexistence of membrane-adsorbed peptides with peptides in solution. A drop in pH raises the degree of protonation of negatively charged residues and thus increases the hydrophobicity of peptide segments near the C terminus. For low pH, we identify insertion pathways between the membrane-adsorbed state and a stable trans-membrane state with the C terminus having crossed the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganga P Sharma
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Aaron C Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Suhail Habeeb
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
| | - Michael Karbach
- Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gerhard Müller
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA
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10
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Bauer D, Visca H, Weerakkody A, Carter LM, Samuels Z, Kaminsky S, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK, Lewis JS. PET Imaging of Acidic Tumor Environment With 89Zr-labeled pHLIP Probes. Front Oncol 2022; 12:882541. [PMID: 35664740 PMCID: PMC9160799 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.882541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidosis of the tumor microenvironment is a hallmark of tumor progression and has emerged as an essential biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of treatment response. A tool for quantitatively visualizing the acidic tumor environment could significantly advance our understanding of the behavior of aggressive tumors, improving patient management and outcomes. 89Zr-labeled pH-low insertion peptides (pHLIP) are a class of radiopharmaceutical imaging probes for the in vivo analysis of acidic tumor microenvironments via positron emission tomography (PET). Their unique structure allows them to sense and target acidic cancer cells. In contrast to traditional molecular imaging agents, pHLIP’s mechanism of action is pH-dependent and does not rely on the presence of tumor-specific molecular markers. In this study, one promising acidity-imaging PET probe ([89Zr]Zr-DFO-Cys-Var3) was identified as a candidate for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bauer
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hannah Visca
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Anuradha Weerakkody
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Lukas M. Carter
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Zachary Samuels
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Spencer Kaminsky
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Oleg A. Andreev
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Yana K. Reshetnyak
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Jason S. Lewis
- Department of Radiology and the Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacology Program, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Jason S. Lewis,
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11
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Frolova AY, Pakhomov AA, Kakuev DL, Sungurova AS, Deyev SM, Martynov VI. Cancer cells targeting with genetically engineered constructs based on a pH-dependent membrane insertion peptide and fluorescent protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 612:141-146. [PMID: 35525198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The targeted delivery of nanodrugs to malignant neoplasm is one of the most pressing challenges in the development of modern medicine. It was reported earlier that a bacteriorhodopsin-derived pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) targets acidic tumors and has the ability to translocate low molecular weight cargoes across the cancer cell membrane. Here, to better understand the potential of pHLIP-related technologies, we used genetically engineered fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a model protein cargo and examined targeting efficiencies of EGFP-pHLIP hybrid constructs in vitro with the HeLa cell line at different pHs. By two independent monitoring methods we observed an increased binding affinity of EGFP-pHLIP fusions to HeLa cells at pH below 6.8. Confocal images of EGFP-pHLIP-treated cells showed bright fluorescence associated with the cell membrane and fluorescent dots localized inside the cell, that became brighter with time. To elucidate the pHLIP-mediated EGFP cell entry mechanisms, we performed a series of experiments with specific inhibitors of endocytosis. Our results imply that EGFP-pHLIP internalization is realized by endocytosis of various types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Yu Frolova
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation; A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey A Pakhomov
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation; A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Dmitry L Kakuev
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Anna S Sungurova
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey M Deyev
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I Martynov
- M.M. Shemyakin-Y.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
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12
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Cheng Y, Gong Y, Chen X, Zhang Q, Zhang X, He Y, Pan L, Ni B, Yang F, Xu Y, Zhou L, Yang Y, Chen W. Injectable adhesive hemostatic gel with tumor acidity neutralizer and neutrophil extracellular traps lyase for enhancing adoptive NK cell therapy prevents post-resection recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomaterials 2022; 284:121506. [PMID: 35390709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Post-resection recurrence remains an intractable problem in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management. Natural killer (NK) cell infusion is considered as a promising cancer therapy, but acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) greatly counteract its efficacy. Recently, polymer hydrogels have aroused much interest in tumor combination therapy, since they load and controllably release therapeutic agents with high bioavailability and low systemic toxicity. Therefore, a biocompatible hydrogel with tumor acidity neutralizer and NETs lyase may show promise for enhancing NK infusion to prevent post-resection HCC recurrence. Herein, a dual pH-responsive hydrogel with tumor acidity neutralizer (mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles) and NETs lyase (Deoxyribonuclease I, DNase I) is developed and used in combination with NK cell infusion for preventing post-resection HCC recurrence. The hydrogel can be injected to surgical margin and form an adhesive gel with a rapid hemostasis. Besides, it neutralizes tumor acidity to reduce tumor infiltration of immunosuppressive cells, and releases DNase I in a pH-responsive manner to degrade NETs. Moreover, this combination therapy significantly enhances NK cell infusion to combat post-surgical HCC recurrence without systemic toxicity. This study provides proof of concept that combination of NK cell adoptive therapy and hydrogel-based delivery system can successfully prevent post-resection HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yihang Gong
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xiuxing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Medical Oncology. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Biotherapy Centre & Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xijian Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yizhan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Medical Oncology. Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lijie Pan
- Biotherapy Centre & Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Beibei Ni
- Biotherapy Centre & Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Biotherapy Centre & Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Biotherapy Centre & Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Centre, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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13
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Advances in Research on Bladder Cancer Targeting Peptides: a Review. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:711-718. [PMID: 34468956 PMCID: PMC8558283 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (Bca) is the second most common malignant tumor of the genitourinary system in Chinese male population with high potential of recurrence and progression. The overall prognosis has not been improved significantly for the past 30 years due to the lack of early theranostic technique. Currently the early theranostic technique for bladder cancer is mainly through the intravesical approach, but the clinical outcomes are poor due to the limited tumor-targeting efficiency. Therefore, the targeting peptides for bladder cancer provide possibility to advance intravesical theranostic technique. However, no systematic review has covered the wide use of the targeting peptides for intravesical theranostic techniques in bladder cancer. Herein, a summary of original researches introduces all aspects of the targeting peptides for bladder cancer, including the peptide screening, the targeting mechanism and its preclinical application.
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14
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Álamo P, Cedano J, Conchillo-Sole O, Cano-Garrido O, Alba-Castellon L, Serna N, Aviñó A, Carrasco-Diaz LM, Sánchez-Chardi A, Martinez-Torró C, Gallardo A, Cano M, Eritja R, Villaverde A, Mangues R, Vazquez E, Unzueta U. Rational engineering of a human GFP-like protein scaffold for humanized targeted nanomedicines. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:211-222. [PMID: 34116228 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a widely used scaffold for protein-based targeted nanomedicines because of its high biocompatibility, biological neutrality and outstanding structural stability. However, being immunogenicity a major concern in the development of drug carriers, the use of exogenous proteins such as GFP in clinics might be inadequate. Here we report a human nidogen-derived protein (HSNBT), rationally designed to mimic the structural and functional properties of GFP as a scaffold for nanomedicine. For that, a GFP-like β-barrel, containing the G2 domain of the human nidogen, has been rationally engineered to obtain a biologically neutral protein that self-assembles as 10nm-nanoparticles. This scaffold is the basis of a humanized nanoconjugate, where GFP, from the well-characterized protein T22-GFP-H6, has been substituted by the nidogen-derived GFP-like HSNBT protein. The resulting construct T22-HSNBT-H6, is a humanized CXCR4-targeted nanoparticle that selectively delivers conjugated genotoxic Floxuridine into cancer CXCR4+ cells. Indeed, the administration of T22-HSNBT-H6-FdU in a CXCR4-overexpressing colorectal cancer mouse model results in an even more efficient selective antitumoral effect than that shown by its GFP-counterpart, in absence of systemic toxicity. Therefore, the newly developed GFP-like protein scaffold appears as an ideal candidate for the development of humanized protein nanomaterials and successfully supports the tumor-targeted nanoscale drug T22-HSNBT-H6-FdU. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Targeted nanomedicine seeks for humanized and biologically neutral protein carriers as alternative of widely used but immunogenic exogenous protein scaffolds such as green fluorescent protein (GFP). This work reports for the first time the rational engineering of a human homolog of the GFP based in the human nidogen (named HSNBT) that shows full potential to be used in humanized protein-based targeted nanomedicines. This has been demonstrated in T22-HSNBT-H6-FdU, a humanized CXCR4-targeted protein nanoconjugate able to selectively deliver its genotoxic load into cancer cells.
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15
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Perera JDR, Carufe KEW, Glazer PM. Peptide nucleic acids and their role in gene regulation and editing. Biopolymers 2021; 112:e23460. [PMID: 34129732 DOI: 10.1002/bip.23460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The unique properties of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) makes it a desirable candidate to be used in therapeutic and biotechnological interventions. It has been broadly utilized for numerous applications, with a major focus in regulation of gene expression, and more recently in gene editing. While the classic PNA design has mainly been employed to date, chemical modifications of the PNA backbone and nucleobases provide an avenue to advance the technology further. This review aims to discuss the recent developments in PNA based gene manipulation techniques and the use of novel chemical modifications to improve the current state of PNA mediated gene targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dinithi R Perera
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kelly E W Carufe
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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16
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An Experimental Study on [ 125I]I-pHLIP (Var7) for SPECT/CT Imaging of an MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Mouse Model by Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Imaging 2021; 2021:5565932. [PMID: 33746628 PMCID: PMC7953584 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5565932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer with 125I-labeled pHLIP (Var7) by single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. Methods The binding fraction of [125I]I-pHLIP (Var7) and MDA-MB-231 cells was measured at pH 7.4 and pH 6.0, and tumor-bearing mice were subjected to small-animal SPECT/CT imaging studies. Results At pH = 6.0, the binding fractions of [125I]I-pHLIP (Var7) and MDA-MB-231 cells at 10 min, 40 min, 1 h, and 2 h were 1.9 ± 0.1%, 3.5 ± 0.1%, 6.3 ± 0.8%, and 6.6 ± 0.3%, respectively. At pH = 7.4, there was no measured binding between [125I]I-pHLIP (Var7) and MDA-MB-231 cells. Small-animal SPECT/CT imaging showed clearly visible tumors at 1 and 2 h after injection. Conclusions [125I]I-pHLIP (Var7) could bind to MDA-MB-231 cells in an acidic environment, and small-animal SPECT/CT imaging showed clear tumors at 1 and 2 h after probe injection.
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17
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pHLIP ICG for delineation of tumors and blood flow during fluorescence-guided surgery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18356. [PMID: 33110131 PMCID: PMC7591906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging has seen enduring use in blood flow visualization and is now finding a new range of applications in image-guided surgery. In this paper, we report a translational study of a new fluorescent agent for use in surgery, pHLIP ICG, where ICG (indocyanine green) is a surgical fluorescent dye used widely for imaging blood flow. We studied pHLIP ICG interaction with the cell membrane lipid bilayer, the pharmacology and toxicology in vitro and in vivo (mice and dogs), and the biodistribution and clearance of pHLIP ICG in mice. The pHLIP ICG tumor targeting and imaging efficacy studies were carried out in several murine and human mouse tumor models. Blood vessels were imaged in mice and pigs. Clinical Stryker imaging instruments for endoscopy and open surgery were used in the study. Intravenously administered pHLIP ICG exhibits a multi-hour circulation half-life, offering protracted delineation of vasculature. As it clears from the blood, pHLIP ICG targets tumors and tumor stroma, marking them for surgical removal. pHLIP ICG is non-toxic, marks blood flow for hours after injection, and effectively delineates tumors for improved resection on the day after administration.
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18
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Álamo P, Pallarès V, Céspedes MV, Falgàs A, Sanchez JM, Serna N, Sánchez-García L, Voltà-Duràn E, Morris GA, Sánchez-Chardi A, Casanova I, Mangues R, Vazquez E, Villaverde A, Unzueta U. Fluorescent Dye Labeling Changes the Biodistribution of Tumor-Targeted Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111004. [PMID: 33105866 PMCID: PMC7690626 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent dye labeling is a common strategy to analyze the fate of administered nanoparticles in living organisms. However, to which extent the labeling processes can alter the original nanoparticle biodistribution has been so far neglected. In this work, two widely used fluorescent dye molecules, namely, ATTO488 (ATTO) and Sulfo-Cy5 (S-Cy5), have been covalently attached to a well-characterized CXCR4-targeted self-assembling protein nanoparticle (known as T22-GFP-H6). The biodistribution of labeled T22-GFP-H6-ATTO and T22-GFP-H6-S-Cy5 nanoparticles has been then compared to that of the non-labeled nanoparticle in different CXCR4+ tumor mouse models. We observed that while parental T22-GFP-H6 nanoparticles accumulated mostly and specifically in CXCR4+ tumor cells, labeled T22-GFP-H6-ATTO and T22-GFP-H6-S-Cy5 nanoparticles showed a dramatic change in the biodistribution pattern, accumulating in non-target organs such as liver or kidney while reducing tumor targeting capacity. Therefore, the use of such labeling molecules should be avoided in target and non-target tissue uptake studies during the design and development of targeted nanoscale drug delivery systems, since their effect over the fate of the nanomaterial can lead to considerable miss-interpretations of the actual nanoparticle biodistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Álamo
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Pallarès
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Virtudes Céspedes
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
| | - Aïda Falgàs
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julieta M. Sanchez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- ICTA & Cátedra de Química Biológica, Departamento de Química, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas y Tecnológicas (IIBYT) (CONICET—Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), FCEFyN, UNC. Av. Velez Sarsfield 1611, X 5016GCA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Naroa Serna
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Eric Voltà-Duràn
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gordon A. Morris
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Applied Science, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Chardi
- Servei de Microscòpia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isolda Casanova
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Mangues
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); or (A.V.); (U.U.)
| | - Esther Vazquez
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); or (A.V.); (U.U.)
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (P.Á.); (V.P.); (M.V.C.); (A.F.); (I.C.)
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), C/Monforte de Lemos 3–5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (N.S.); (L.S.-G.); (E.V.-D.); (E.V.)
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC Campus Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.M.); or (A.V.); (U.U.)
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Brito J, Golijanin B, Kott O, Moshnikova A, Mueller-Leonhard C, Gershman B, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK, Amin A, Golijanin D. Ex-vivo Imaging of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Using Novel pH Low Insertion Peptide (Variant 3), a Molecular Imaging Probe. Urology 2020; 139:134-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Peptide Nucleic Acids and Gene Editing: Perspectives on Structure and Repair. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030735. [PMID: 32046275 PMCID: PMC7037966 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unusual nucleic acid structures are salient triggers of endogenous repair and can occur in sequence-specific contexts. Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) rely on these principles to achieve non-enzymatic gene editing. By forming high-affinity heterotriplex structures within the genome, PNAs have been used to correct multiple human disease-relevant mutations with low off-target effects. Advances in molecular design, chemical modification, and delivery have enabled systemic in vivo application of PNAs resulting in detectable editing in preclinical mouse models. In a model of β-thalassemia, treated animals demonstrated clinically relevant protein restoration and disease phenotype amelioration, suggesting a potential for curative therapeutic application of PNAs to monogenic disorders. This review discusses the rationale and advances of PNA technologies and their application to gene editing with an emphasis on structural biochemistry and repair.
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Svoronos AA, Bahal R, Pereira MC, Barrera FN, Deacon JC, Bosenberg M, DiMaio D, Glazer PM, Engelman DM. Tumor-Targeted, Cytoplasmic Delivery of Large, Polar Molecules Using a pH-Low Insertion Peptide. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:461-471. [PMID: 31855437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted drug delivery systems offer not only the advantage of an enhanced therapeutic index, but also the possibility of overcoming the limitations that have largely restricted drug design to small, hydrophobic, "drug-like" molecules. Here, we explore the ability of a tumor-targeted delivery system centered on the use of a pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP) to directly deliver moderately polar, multi-kDa molecules into tumor cells. A pHLIP is a short, pH-responsive peptide capable of inserting across a cell membrane to form a transmembrane helix at acidic pH. pHLIPs target the acidic tumor microenvironment with high specificity, and a drug attached to the inserting end of a pHLIP can be translocated across the cell membrane during the insertion process. We investigate the ability of wildtype pHLIP to deliver peptide nucleic acid (PNA) cargoes of varying sizes across lipid membranes. We find that pHLIP effectively delivers PNAs up to ∼7 kDa into cells in a pH-dependent manner. In addition, pHLIP retains its tumor-targeting capabilities when linked to cargoes of this size, although the amount delivered is reduced for PNA cargoes greater than ∼6 kDa. As drug-like molecules are traditionally restricted to sizes of ∼500 Da, this constitutes an order-of-magnitude expansion in the size range of deliverable drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raman Bahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Connecticut , Storrs , Connecticut 06269 , United States
| | - Mohan C Pereira
- Department of Science & Mathematics , Cedarville University , Cedarville , Ohio 45314 , United States
| | - Francisco N Barrera
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
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Ding L, Zhang C, Liu Z, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Li S, Nie G, Tang H, Wang Y. Metabonomic Investigation of Biological Effects of a New Vessel Target Protein tTF-pHLIP in a Mouse Model. J Proteome Res 2019; 19:238-247. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laifeng Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, P.R. China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Metabonomics and Systems Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Division of Integrative Systems Medicine and Digestive Disease, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Qingxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Metabonomics and Systems Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Suping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, Laboratory of Metabonomics and Systems Biology, Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Singapore Phenome Center, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore
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23
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Kalaydina RV, Bajwa K, Qorri B, Decarlo A, Szewczuk MR. Recent advances in "smart" delivery systems for extended drug release in cancer therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4727-4745. [PMID: 30154657 PMCID: PMC6108334 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s168053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanomedicine have become indispensable for targeted drug delivery, early detection, and increasingly personalized approaches to cancer treatment. Nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems have overcome some of the limitations associated with traditional cancer-therapy administration, such as reduced drug solubility, chemoresistance, systemic toxicity, narrow therapeutic indices, and poor oral bioavailability. Advances in the field of nanomedicine include “smart” drug delivery, or multiple levels of targeting, and extended-release drug-delivery systems that provide additional methods of overcoming these limitations. More recently, the idea of combining smart drug delivery with extended-release has emerged in hopes of developing highly efficient nanoparticles with improved delivery, bioavailability, and safety profiles. Although functionalized and extended-release drug-delivery systems have been studied extensively, there remain gaps in the literature concerning their application in cancer treatment. We aim to provide an overview of smart and extended-release drug-delivery systems for the delivery of cancer therapies, as well as to introduce innovative advancements in nanoparticle design incorporating these principles. With the growing need for increasingly personalized medicine in cancer treatment, smart extended-release nanoparticles have the potential to enhance chemotherapy delivery, patient adherence, and treatment outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Komal Bajwa
- Postgraduate Medical Education, Graduate Diploma and Professional Master in Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University
| | - Bessi Qorri
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University,
| | | | - Myron R Szewczuk
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University,
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24
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Low PS, Singhal S, Srinivasarao M. Fluorescence-guided surgery of cancer: applications, tools and perspectives. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2018; 45:64-72. [PMID: 29579618 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thousands of patients die each year from residual cancer that remains following cytoreductive surgery. Use of tumor-targeted fluorescent dyes (TTFDs) to illuminate undetected malignant tissue and thereby facilitate its surgical resection shows promise for reducing morbidity and mortality associated with unresected malignant disease. TTFDs can also improve i) detection of recurrent malignant lesions, ii) differentiation of normal from malignant lymph nodes, iii) accurate staging of cancer patients, iv) detection of tumors during robotic/endoscopic surgery (where tumor palpation is no longer possible), and v) preservation of healthy tissue during resection of cancer tissue. Although TTFDs that passively accumulate in a tumor mass provide some tumor contrast, the most encouraging TTFDs in human clinical trials are either enzyme-activated or ligand-targeted to tumor-specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip S Low
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
| | - Sunil Singhal
- Center for Precision Surgery, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Madduri Srinivasarao
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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25
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Wyatt LC, Moshnikova A, Crawford T, Engelman DM, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK. Peptides of pHLIP family for targeted intracellular and extracellular delivery of cargo molecules to tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2811-E2818. [PMID: 29507241 PMCID: PMC5866553 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1715350115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIPs) target acidity at the surfaces of cancer cells and show utility in a wide range of applications, including tumor imaging and intracellular delivery of therapeutic agents. Here we report pHLIP constructs that significantly improve the targeted delivery of agents into tumor cells. The investigated constructs include pHLIP bundles (conjugates consisting of two or four pHLIP peptides linked by polyethylene glycol) and Var3 pHLIPs containing either the nonstandard amino acid, γ-carboxyglutamic acid, or a glycine-leucine-leucine motif. The performance of the constructs in vitro and in vivo was compared with previous pHLIP variants. A wide range of experiments was performed on nine constructs including (i) biophysical measurements using steady-state and kinetic fluorescence, circular dichroism, and oriented circular dichroism to study the pH-dependent insertion of pHLIP variants across the membrane lipid bilayer; (ii) cell viability assays to gauge the pH-dependent potency of peptide-toxin constructs by assessing the intracellular delivery of the polar, cell-impermeable cargo molecule amanitin at physiological and low pH (pH 7.4 and 6.0, respectively); and (iii) tumor targeting and biodistribution measurements using fluorophore-peptide conjugates in a breast cancer mouse model. The main principles of the design of pHLIP variants for a range of medical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linden C Wyatt
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881
| | - Anna Moshnikova
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881
| | - Troy Crawford
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881
| | - Donald M Engelman
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Oleg A Andreev
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881;
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26
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Dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran-based NIR fluorescent ratiometric chemosensor for pH measurement. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Ding GB, Sun J, Wu G, Li B, Yang P, Li Z, Nie G. Robust Anticancer Efficacy of a Biologically Synthesized Tumor Acidity-Responsive and Autophagy-Inducing Functional Beclin 1. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5227-5239. [PMID: 29359549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a potent autophagy inducer, Beclin 1 is essential for the initiation of autophagic cell death, and triggering extensive autophagy by targeted delivery of Beclin 1 to tumors has enormous potential to inhibit tumor growth. Yet, the therapeutic application of Beclin 1 is hampered by its inability to internalize into cells and nonselective biodistribution in vivo. To tackle this challenge, we employed a novel Beclin 1 delivery manner by constructing a functional protein (Trx-pHLIP-Beclin 1, TpB) composed of a thioredoxin (Trx) tag, a pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP), and an evolutionarily conserved motif of Beclin 1. This protein could effectively transport Beclin 1 to breast and ovarian cancer cell lines under weakly acidic conditions (pH 6.5), markedly inhibit tumor cell growth and proliferation, and induce obvious autophagy. Furthermore, the in vivo antitumor efficacy of the functional Beclin 1 against an SKOV3 xenograft tumor mouse model was tested via intravenous injection. TpB preferentially accumulated in tumors and exhibited a significantly higher tumor growth inhibition than the nontargeted Beclin 1 control, whereas no overt side effects were observed. Taken together, this study sheds light on the potential application of TpB as a highly efficient yet safe antitumor agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, China
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28
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Quijano E, Bahal R, Ricciardi A, Saltzman WM, Glazer PM. Therapeutic Peptide Nucleic Acids: Principles, Limitations, and Opportunities. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 90:583-598. [PMID: 29259523 PMCID: PMC5733847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Since their invention in 1991, peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) have been used in a myriad of chemical and biological assays. More recently, peptide nucleic acids have also been demonstrated to hold great potential as therapeutic agents because of their physiological stability, affinity for target nucleic acids, and versatility. While recent modifications in their design have further improved their potency, their preclinical development has reached new heights due to their combination with recent advancements in drug delivery. This review focuses on recent advances in PNA therapeutic applications, in which chemical modifications are made to improve PNA function and nanoparticles are used to enhance PNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Quijano
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Raman Bahal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
| | - Adele Ricciardi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - W. Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Peter M. Glazer
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Dr. Peter M. Glazer, Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, .
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29
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Kydd J, Jadia R, Velpurisiva P, Gad A, Paliwal S, Rai P. Targeting Strategies for the Combination Treatment of Cancer Using Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:E46. [PMID: 29036899 PMCID: PMC5750652 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have characteristics of acquired and intrinsic resistances to chemotherapy treatment-due to the hostile tumor microenvironment-that create a significant challenge for effective therapeutic regimens. Multidrug resistance, collateral toxicity to normal cells, and detrimental systemic side effects present significant obstacles, necessitating alternative and safer treatment strategies. Traditional administration of chemotherapeutics has demonstrated minimal success due to the non-specificity of action, uptake and rapid clearance by the immune system, and subsequent metabolic alteration and poor tumor penetration. Nanomedicine can provide a more effective approach to targeting cancer by focusing on the vascular, tissue, and cellular characteristics that are unique to solid tumors. Targeted methods of treatment using nanoparticles can decrease the likelihood of resistant clonal populations of cancerous cells. Dual encapsulation of chemotherapeutic drug allows simultaneous targeting of more than one characteristic of the tumor. Several first-generation, non-targeted nanomedicines have received clinical approval starting with Doxil® in 1995. However, more than two decades later, second-generation or targeted nanomedicines have yet to be approved for treatment despite promising results in pre-clinical studies. This review highlights recent studies using targeted nanoparticles for cancer treatment focusing on approaches that target either the tumor vasculature (referred to as 'vascular targeting'), the tumor microenvironment ('tissue targeting') or the individual cancer cells ('cellular targeting'). Recent studies combining these different targeting methods are also discussed in this review. Finally, this review summarizes some of the reasons for the lack of clinical success in the field of targeted nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janel Kydd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Rahul Jadia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Praveena Velpurisiva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Aniket Gad
- Confocal Imaging Core, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Shailee Paliwal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
| | - Prakash Rai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA.
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30
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Applications of pHLIP Technology for Cancer Imaging and Therapy. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:653-664. [PMID: 28438340 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acidity is a biomarker of cancer that is not subject to the blunting clonal selection effects that reduce the efficacy of other biomarker technologies, such as antibody targeting. The pH (low) insertion peptides (pHLIP®s) provide new opportunities for targeting acidic tissues. Through the physical mechanism of membrane-associated folding, pHLIPs are triggered by the acidic microenvironment to insert and span the membranes of tumor cells. The pHLIP platform can be applied to imaging acidic tissues, delivering cell-permeable and impermeable molecules to the cytoplasm, and promoting the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Since acidosis is a hallmark of tumor development, progression, and aggressiveness, the pHLIP technology may prove useful in targeting cancer cells and metastases for tumor diagnosis, imaging, and therapy.
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31
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Narayanan T, Weerakkody D, Karabadzhak AG, Anderson M, Andreev OA, Reshetnyak YK. pHLIP Peptide Interaction with a Membrane Monitored by SAXS. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11484-11491. [PMID: 27726396 PMCID: PMC5209755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
pH (Low) Insertion Peptides (pHLIP peptides) find application in studies of membrane-associated folding because spontaneous insertion of these peptides is conveniently triggered by varying pH. Here, we employed small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to investigate a wild-type (WT) pHLIP peptide oligomeric state in solution at high concentrations and monitor changes in the liposome structure upon peptide insertion into the bilayer. We established that even at high concentrations (up to 300 μM) the WT pHLIP peptide at pH 8.0 does not form oligomers larger than tetramers (which exhibit concentration-dependent transfer to the monomeric state, as was shown previously). This finding has significance for medical applications when high concentration of the peptide is injected into blood and diluted in blood circulation. The interaction of WT pHLIP peptide with liposomes does not alter the unilamellar vesicle structure upon peptide adsorption by the lipid bilayer at high pH or upon insertion across the bilayer at low pH. At the same time, SAXS data clearly demonstrate the insertion of the peptide into the membrane at low pH, which opens the possibility of investigating the kinetic process of polypeptide insertion and exit from the membrane in real time by time-resolved SAXS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhammika Weerakkody
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | | | - Michael Anderson
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Oleg A. Andreev
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Yana K. Reshetnyak
- Department of Physics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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