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Omweri JM, Tekin V, Saini S, Houson HA, Jayawardana SB, Decato DA, Wijeratne GB, Lapi SE. Chelation chemistry of manganese-52 for PET imaging applications. Nucl Med Biol 2024; 128-129:108874. [PMID: 38154167 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to its decay and chemical properties, interest in manganese-52 has increased for development of long-lived PET radiopharmaceuticals. Its long half-life of 5.6 days, low average positron energy (242 keV), and sufficient positron decay branching ratio make it suitable for radiolabeling macromolecules for investigating slow biological processes. This work aims to establish suitable chelators for manganese-52 that can be radiolabeled at mild conditions through the evaluation of commercially available chelators. METHODS Manganese-52 was produced through the nuclear reaction NatCr(p,n)52Mn by irradiation of natural chromium targets on a TR24 cyclotron followed by purification through ion exchange chromatography. The radiolabeling efficiencies of chelators: DOTA, DiAmsar, TETA, DO3A, NOTA, 4'-Formylbenzo-15-crown-5, Oxo-DO3A, and DFO, were assessed by investigating the impact of pH, buffer type, and temperature. In vitro stability of [52Mn]Mn(DO3A)-, [52Mn]Mn(Oxo-DO3A)-, and [52Mn]Mn(DOTA)2- were evaluated in mouse serum. The radiocomplexes were also evaluated in vivo in mice. Crystals of [Mn(Oxo-DO3A)]- were synthesized by reacting Oxo-DO3A with MnCl2 and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. RESULTS Yields of 185 ± 19 MBq (5.0 ± 0.5 mCi) (n = 4) of manganese-52 were produced at the end of a 4 h, 15 μA, bombardment with 12.5 MeV protons. NOTA, DO3A, DOTA, and Oxo-DO3A chelators were readily radiolabeled with >96 % radiochemical purity at all conditions. Manganese radiocomplexes of Oxo-DO3A, DOTA, and DO3A remained stable in vitro up to 5 days and exhibited different biodistribution profiles compared to [52Mn]MnCl2. The solid-state structure of Mn-Oxo-DO3A complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. CONCLUSIONS DO3A and Oxo-DO3A are suitable chelators for manganese-52 which are readily radiolabeled at mild conditions with high molar activity, and demonstrate both in vitro and in vivo stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Omweri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Volkan Tekin
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shefali Saini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hailey A Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Samith B Jayawardana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Daniel A Decato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, MT 59812, USA
| | - Gayan B Wijeratne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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2
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Radzina M, Saule L, Mamis E, Koester U, Cocolios TE, Pajuste E, Kalnina M, Palskis K, Sawitzki Z, Talip Z, Jensen M, Duchemin C, Leufgen K, Stora T. Novel radionuclides for use in Nuclear Medicine in Europe: where do we stand and where do we go? EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:27. [PMID: 37823964 PMCID: PMC10570248 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to support the ongoing research across Europe to facilitate access to novel radionuclides, the PRISMAP consortium (European medical radionuclides programme) was established to offer the broadest catalog of non-conventional radionuclides for medical and translational research. The aim of this article is to introduce readers with current status of novel radionuclides in Europe. MAIN BODY A consortium questionnaire was disseminated through the PRISMAP consortium and user community, professional associations and preclinical/clinical end users in Europe and the current status of clinical end-users in nuclear medicine were identified. A total of 40 preclinical/clinical users institutions took part in the survey. Clinical end users currently use the following radionuclides in their studies: 177Lu, 68 Ga, 111In, 90Y, other alpha emitters, 225Ac, 64Cu and Terbium isotopes. Radionuclides that would be of interest for users within the next 2-5 years are 64Cu, Terbium radionuclide "family" and alpha emitters, such as 225Ac. CONCLUSIONS Thanks to a questionnaire distributed by the PRISMAP consortium, the current status and needs of clinical end-users in nuclear medicine were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Radzina
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Laura Saule
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
- Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Edgars Mamis
- University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristaps Palskis
- CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
- Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Zeynep Talip
- Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Mikael Jensen
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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3
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Natural and enriched Cr target development for production of Manganese-52. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1167. [PMID: 36670119 PMCID: PMC9859786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
52Mn is a promising PET radiometal with a half-life of 5.6 days and an average positron energy of 242 keV. Typically, chromium of natural isotope abundance is used as a target material to produce this isotope through the nat/52Cr(p,n)52Mn reaction. While natural Cr is a suitable target material, higher purity 52Mn could be produced by transitioning to enriched 52Cr targets to prevent the co-production of long-lived 54Mn (t1/2 = 312 day). Unfortunately, 52Cr targets are not cost-effective without recycling processes in place, therefore, this work aims to explore routes to prepare Cr targets that could be recycled. Natural Cr foils, metal powder pellets, enriched chromium-52 oxide and Cr(III) electroplated targets were investigated in this work. Each of these cyclotron targets were irradiated, and the produced 52Mn was purified, when possible, using a semi-automated system. An improved purification by solid-phase anion exchange from ethanol-HCl mixtures resulted in recoveries of 94.5 ± 2.2% of 52Mn. The most promising target configuration to produce a recyclable target was electroplated Cr(III). This work presents several pathways to optimize enriched Cr targets for the production of high purity 52Mn.
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Sy M, Ndiaye D, da Silva I, Lacerda S, Charbonnière LJ, Tóth É, Nonat AM. 55/52Mn 2+ Complexes with a Bispidine-Phosphonate Ligand: High Kinetic Inertness for Imaging Applications. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13421-13432. [PMID: 35984220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bispidine (3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) provides a rigid and preorganized scaffold that is particularly interesting for the stable and inert complexation of metal ions, especially for their application in medical imaging. In this study, we present the synthesis of two bispidine ligands with N-methanephosphonate (H4L1) and N-methanecarboxylate (H3L2) substituents as well as the physico-chemical properties of the corresponding Mn2+ and Zn2+ complexes. The two complexes [Mn(L1)]2- and [Mn(L2)]- have relatively moderate thermodynamic stability constants according to potentiometric titration data. However, they both display an exceptional kinetic inertness, as assessed by transmetallation experiments in the presence of 50 equiv excess of Zn2+, showing only ∼40 and 20% of dissociation for [Mn(L1)]2- and [Mn(L2)]-, respectively, after 150 days at pH 6 and 37 °C. Proton relaxivities amount to r1 = 4.31 mM-1 s-1 ([Mn(L1)]2-) and 3.64 mM-1 s-1 ([Mn(L2)]-) at 20 MHz, 25 °C, and are remarkable for Mn2+ complexes with one inner-sphere water molecule (q = 1); they are comparable to that of the commercial contrast agent [Gd(DOTA)(H2O)]-. The presence of one inner-sphere water molecule and an associative water exchange mechanism was confirmed by temperature-dependent transverse 17O relaxation rate measurements, which yielded kex298 = 0.12 × 107 and 5.5 × 107 s-1 for the water exchange rate of the phosphonate and the carboxylate complex, respectively. In addition, radiolabeling experiments with 52Mn were also performed with H2(L1)2- showing excellent radiolabeling properties and quantitative complexation at pH 7 in 15 min at room temperature as well as excellent stability of the complex in various biological media over 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryame Sy
- Equipe de Synthèse pour l'Analyse, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67 037 Strasbourg, France
| | - Daouda Ndiaye
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, rue Charles Sadron, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Isidro da Silva
- CEMHTI, CNRS UPR3079, Université d'Orléans, F-45071 Orléans 2, France
| | - Sara Lacerda
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, rue Charles Sadron, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Loïc J Charbonnière
- Equipe de Synthèse pour l'Analyse, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67 037 Strasbourg, France
| | - Éva Tóth
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301, Université d'Orléans, rue Charles Sadron, F-45071 Orléans, France
| | - Aline M Nonat
- Equipe de Synthèse pour l'Analyse, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67 037 Strasbourg, France
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Firth G, Blower JE, Bartnicka JJ, Mishra A, Michaels AM, Rigby A, Darwesh A, Al-Salemee F, Blower PJ. Non-invasive radionuclide imaging of trace metal trafficking in health and disease: "PET metallomics". RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:495-518. [PMID: 35656481 PMCID: PMC9092424 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00033d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Several specific metallic elements must be present in the human body to maintain health and function. Maintaining the correct quantity (from trace to bulk) and location at the cell and tissue level is essential. The study of the biological role of metals has become known as metallomics. While quantities of metals in cells and tissues can be readily measured in biopsy and autopsy samples by destructive analytical techniques, their trafficking and its role in health and disease are poorly understood. Molecular imaging with radionuclides - positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) - is emerging as a means to non-invasively study the acute trafficking of essential metals between organs, non-invasively and in real time, in health and disease. PET scanners are increasingly widely available in hospitals, and methods for producing radionuclides of some of the key essential metals are developing fast. This review summarises recent developments in radionuclide imaging technology that permit such investigations, describes the radiological and physicochemical properties of key radioisotopes of essential trace metals and useful analogues, and introduces current and potential future applications in preclinical and clinical investigations to study the biology of essential trace metals in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Firth
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Julia E Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Joanna J Bartnicka
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Aishwarya Mishra
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Aidan M Michaels
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Alex Rigby
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Afnan Darwesh
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Fahad Al-Salemee
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital London UK
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6
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Duatti A. Matched pairs of radioactive and paramagnetic isotopes. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00138-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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7
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Pyles JM, Massicano AV, Appiah JP, Bartels JL, Alford A, Lapi SE. Production of 52Mn using a semi-automated module. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 174:109741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Chomet M, van Dongen GAMS, Vugts DJ. State of the Art in Radiolabeling of Antibodies with Common and Uncommon Radiometals for Preclinical and Clinical Immuno-PET. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1315-1330. [PMID: 33974403 PMCID: PMC8299458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Inert
and stable radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies (mAb),
antibody fragments, or antibody mimetics with radiometals is a prerequisite
for immuno-PET. While radiolabeling is preferably fast, mild, efficient,
and reproducible, especially when applied for human use in a current
Good Manufacturing Practice compliant way, it is crucial that the
obtained radioimmunoconjugate is stable and shows preserved immunoreactivity
and in vivo behavior. Radiometals and chelators have
extensively been evaluated to come to the most ideal radiometal–chelator
pair for each type of antibody derivative. Although PET imaging of
antibodies is a relatively recent tool, applications with 89Zr, 64Cu, and 68Ga have greatly increased in
recent years, especially in the clinical setting, while other less
common radionuclides such as 52Mn, 86Y, 66Ga, and 44Sc, but also 18F as in [18F]AlF are emerging promising candidates for the radiolabeling
of antibodies. This review presents a state of the art overview of
the practical aspects of radiolabeling of antibodies, ranging from
fast kinetic affibodies and nanobodies to slow kinetic intact mAbs.
Herein, we focus on the most common approach which consists of first
modification of the antibody with a chelator, and after eventual storage
of the premodified molecule, radiolabeling as a second step. Other
approaches are possible but have been excluded from this review. The
review includes recent and representative examples from the literature
highlighting which radiometal–chelator–antibody combinations
are the most successful for in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Chomet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Guus A M S van Dongen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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9
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Petrus E, Saar G, Daoust A, Dodd S, Koretsky AP. A hierarchy of manganese competition and entry in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4476. [PMID: 33538073 PMCID: PMC7988546 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Contrast agents improve clinical and basic research MRI. The manganese ion (Mn2+ ) is an essential, endogenous metal found in cells and it enhances MRI contrast because of its paramagnetic properties. Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) has been widely used to image healthy and diseased states of the body and the brain in a variety of animal models. There has also been some work in translating the useful properties of MEMRI to humans. Mn2+ accumulates in brain regions with high neural activity and enters cells via voltage-dependent channels that flux calcium (Ca2+ ). In addition, metal transporters for zinc (Zn2+ ) and iron (Fe2+ ) can also transport Mn2+ . There is also transfer through channels specific for Mn2+ . Although Mn2+ accumulates in many tissues including brain, the mechanisms and preferences of its mode of entry into cells are not well characterized. The current study used MRI on living organotypic hippocampal slice cultures to detect which transport mechanisms are preferentially used by Mn2+ to enter cells. The use of slice culture overcomes the presence of the blood brain barrier, which limits inferences made with studies of the intact brain in vivo. A range of Mn2+ concentrations were used and their effects on neural activity were assessed to avoid using interfering doses of Mn2+ . Zn2+ and Fe2+ were the most efficient competitors for Mn2+ uptake into the cultured slices, while the presence of Ca2+ or Ca2+ channel antagonists had a more moderate effect. Reducing slice activity via excitatory receptor antagonists was also effective at lowering Mn2+ uptake. In conclusion, a hierarchy of those agents which influence Mn2+ uptake was established to enhance understanding of how Mn2+ enters cells in a cultured slice preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Petrus
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular ImagingNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Galit Saar
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular ImagingNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Alexia Daoust
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular ImagingNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Steve Dodd
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular ImagingNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Alan P. Koretsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular ImagingNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
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Coenen HH, Ermert J. Expanding PET-applications in life sciences with positron-emitters beyond fluorine-18. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:241-269. [PMID: 32900582 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Positron-emission-tomography (PET) has become an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine. Its outstanding molecular imaging features allow repetitive studies on one individual and with high sensitivity, though no interference. Rather few positron-emitters with near favourable physical properties, i.e. carbon-11 and fluorine-18, furnished most studies in the beginning, preferably if covalently bound as isotopic label of small molecules. With the advancement of PET-devices the scope of in vivo research in life sciences and especially that of medical applications expanded, and other than "standard" PET-nuclides received increasing significance, like the radiometals copper-64 and gallium-68. Especially during the last decades, positron-emitters of other chemical elements have gotten into the focus of interest, concomitant with the technical advancements in imaging and radionuclide production. With known nuclear imaging properties and main production methods of emerging positron-emitters their usefulness for medical application is promising and even proven for several ones already. Unfortunate decay properties could be corrected for, and β+-emitters, especially with a longer half-life, provided new possibilities for application where slower processes are of importance. Further on, (bio)chemical features of positron-emitters of other elements, among there many metals, not only expanded the field of classical clinical investigations, but also opened up new fields of application. Appropriately labelled peptides, proteins and nanoparticles lend itself as newer probes for PET-imaging, e.g. in theragnostic or PET/MR hybrid imaging. Furthermore, the potential of non-destructive in-vivo imaging with positron-emission-tomography directs the view on further areas of life sciences. Thus, exploiting the excellent methodology for basic research on molecular biochemical functions and processes is increasingly encouraged as well in areas outside of health, such as plant and environmental sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz H Coenen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
| | - Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5, Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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11
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MnDPDP: Contrast Agent for Imaging and Protection of Viable Tissue. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2020; 2020:3262835. [PMID: 32994754 PMCID: PMC7501573 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3262835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The semistable chelate manganese (Mn) dipyridoxyl diphosphate (MnDPDP, mangafodipir), previously used as an intravenous (i.v.) contrast agent (Teslascan™, GE Healthcare) for Mn-ion-enhanced MRI (MEMRI), should be reappraised for clinical use but now as a diagnostic drug with cytoprotective properties. Approved for imaging of the liver and pancreas, MnDPDP enhances contrast also in other targets such as the heart, kidney, glandular tissue, and potentially retina and brain. Transmetallation releases paramagnetic Mn2+ for cellular uptake in competition with calcium (Ca2+), and intracellular (IC) macromolecular Mn2+ adducts lower myocardial T1 to midway between native values and values obtained with gadolinium (Gd3+). What is essential is that T1 mapping and, to a lesser degree, T1 weighted imaging enable quantification of viability at a cellular or even molecular level. IC Mn2+ retention for hours provides delayed imaging as another advantage. Examples in humans include quantitative imaging of cardiomyocyte remodeling and of Ca2+ channel activity, capabilities beyond the scope of Gd3+ based or native MRI. In addition, MnDPDP and the metabolite Mn dipyridoxyl diethyl-diamine (MnPLED) act as catalytic antioxidants enabling prevention and treatment of oxidative stress caused by tissue injury and inflammation. Tested applications in humans include protection of normal cells during chemotherapy of cancer and, potentially, of ischemic tissues during reperfusion. Theragnostic use combining therapy with delayed imaging remains to be explored. This review updates MnDPDP and its clinical potential with emphasis on the working mode of an exquisite chelate in the diagnosis of heart disease and in the treatment of oxidative stress.
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Bianchi F, Marchi C, Fuad G, Groppi F, Haddad F, Magagnin L, Manenti S. On the production of 52gMn by deuteron irradiation on natural chromium and its radionuclidic purity. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 166:109329. [PMID: 32916627 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The positron emitter 52gMn is used for the Positron Emission Tomography - PET imaging.In this work we investigate the nuclear reactions for production of 52gMn and 54Mn induced by deuteron beams on natural chromium targets at energies up to Ed = 28 MeV using the stacked-foils activation technique. We calculate the thick target yields for 52gMn and for the radionuclidic impurity 54Mn, and we compare the radionuclidic purity of 52gMn with that achievable in proton activation of Cr. The cross-sections of the reactions natCr(d,pxn)51Cr and natCr(d,x)48V are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bianchi
- Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy; LASA, Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano and INFN-Milano, Via F.lli Cervi 201, I-20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Claudio Marchi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ''Giulio Natta'', Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Glara Fuad
- Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy; LASA, Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano and INFN-Milano, Via F.lli Cervi 201, I-20090, Segrate (MI), Italy; Physics Department, Salahaddin University, Kirkuk Road, IQ-44001, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Flavia Groppi
- Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy; LASA, Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano and INFN-Milano, Via F.lli Cervi 201, I-20090, Segrate (MI), Italy
| | - Férid Haddad
- SUBATECH, Institut Mines Telecom Atlantique, CNRS/IN2P3, Nantes, Université de Nantes, France; GIP Arronax, 1 Rue Aronnax, 44817, CEDEX Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Luca Magagnin
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering ''Giulio Natta'', Politecnico di Milano, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131, Milano, Italy
| | - Simone Manenti
- Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy; LASA, Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano and INFN-Milano, Via F.lli Cervi 201, I-20090, Segrate (MI), Italy.
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13
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Suto DJ, Nair G, Sudarshana DM, Steele SU, Dwyer J, Beck ES, Ohayon J, McFarland H, Koretsky AP, Cortese ICM, Reich DS. Manganese-Enhanced MRI in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1569-1576. [PMID: 32763897 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cellular uptake of the manganese ion, when administered as a contrast agent for MR imaging, can noninvasively highlight cellular activity and disease processes in both animals and humans. The purpose of this study was to explore the enhancement profile of manganese in patients with multiple sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mangafodipir is a manganese chelate that was clinically approved for MR imaging of liver lesions. We present a case series of 6 adults with multiple sclerosis who were scanned at baseline with gadolinium, then injected with mangafodipir, and followed at variable time points thereafter. RESULTS Fourteen new lesions formed during or shortly before the study, of which 10 demonstrated manganese enhancement of varying intensity, timing, and spatial pattern. One gadolinium-enhancing extra-axial mass, presumably a meningioma, also demonstrated enhancement with manganese. Most interesting, manganese enhancement was detected in lesions that formed in the days after mangafodipir injection, and this enhancement persisted for several weeks, consistent with contrast coming from intracellular uptake of manganese. Some lesions demonstrated a diffuse pattern of manganese enhancement in an area larger than that of both gadolinium enhancement and T2-FLAIR signal abnormality. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates the first use of a manganese-based contrast agent to enhance MS lesions on MR imaging. Multiple sclerosis lesions were enhanced with a temporal and spatial profile distinct from that of gadolinium. Further experiments are necessary to uncover the mechanism of manganese contrast enhancement as well as cell-specific uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Suto
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - G Nair
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - D M Sudarshana
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - S U Steele
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Dwyer
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - E S Beck
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Ohayon
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - H McFarland
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - A P Koretsky
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - I C M Cortese
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - D S Reich
- From the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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14
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Lee MR, Shnitko TA, Blue SW, Kaucher AV, Winchell AJ, Erikson DW, Grant KA, Leggio L. Labeled oxytocin administered via the intranasal route reaches the brain in rhesus macaques. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2783. [PMID: 32494001 PMCID: PMC7270110 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin may have promise as a treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders. Its therapeutic effect may depend on its ability to enter the brain and bind to the oxytocin receptor. To date, the brain tissue penetrance of intranasal oxytocin has not been demonstrated. In this nonhuman primate study, we administer deuterated oxytocin intranasally and intravenously to rhesus macaques and measure, with mass spectrometry, concentrations of labeled (exogenously administered) and endogenous oxytocin in 12 brain regions two hours after oxytocin administration. Labeled oxytocin is quantified after intranasal (not intravenous) administration in brain regions (orbitofrontal cortex, striatum, brainstem, and thalamus) that lie in the trajectories of the olfactory and trigeminal nerves. These results suggest that intranasal administration bypasses the blood-brain barrier, delivering oxytocin to specific brain regions, such as the striatum, where oxytocin acts to impact motivated behaviors. Further, high concentrations of endogenous oxytocin are in regions that overlap with projection fields of oxytocinergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Lee
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research and National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/15330), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - T A Shnitko
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - S W Blue
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - A V Kaucher
- Endocrine Technologies Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - A J Winchell
- Endocrine Technologies Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - D W Erikson
- Endocrine Technologies Core, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - K A Grant
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, L-470, Portland, OR, USA
| | - L Leggio
- Section on Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research and National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive (10CRC/15330), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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15
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Sander CY, Hansen HD, Wey HY. Advances in simultaneous PET/MR for imaging neuroreceptor function. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1148-1166. [PMID: 32169011 PMCID: PMC7238372 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20910038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid imaging using PET/MRI has emerged as a platform for elucidating novel neurobiology, molecular and functional changes in disease, and responses to physiological or pharmacological interventions. For the central nervous system, PET/MRI has provided insights into biochemical processes, linking selective molecular targets and distributed brain function. This review highlights several examples that leverage the strengths of simultaneous PET/MRI, which includes measuring the perturbation of multi-modal imaging signals on dynamic timescales during pharmacological challenges, physiological interventions or behavioral tasks. We discuss important considerations for the experimental design of dynamic PET/MRI studies and data analysis approaches for comparing and quantifying simultaneous PET/MRI data. The primary focus of this review is on functional PET/MRI studies of neurotransmitter and receptor systems, with an emphasis on the dopamine, opioid, serotonin and glutamate systems as molecular neuromodulators. In this context, we provide an overview of studies that employ interventions to alter the activity of neuroreceptors or the release of neurotransmitters. Overall, we emphasize how the synergistic use of simultaneous PET/MRI with appropriate study design and interventions has the potential to expand our knowledge about the molecular and functional dynamics of the living human brain. Finally, we give an outlook on the future opportunities for simultaneous PET/MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Y Sander
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
| | - Hanne D Hansen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA.,Neurobiology Research Unit and NeuroPharm, Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, USA
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16
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Brandt M, Cardinale J, Rausch I, Mindt TL. Manganese in PET imaging: Opportunities and challenges. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 62:541-551. [PMID: 31115089 PMCID: PMC6771670 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Several radionuclides of the transition metal manganese are known and accessible. Three of them, 51Mn, 52mMn, and 52gMn, are positron emitters that are potentially interesting for positron emission tomography (PET) applications and, thus, have caught the interest of the radiochemical/radiopharmaceutical and nuclear medicine communities. This mini‐review provides an overview of the production routes and physical properties of these radionuclides. For medical imaging, the focus is on the longer‐living 52gMn and its application for the radiolabelling of molecules and other entities exhibiting long biological half‐lives, the imaging of manganese‐dependent biological processes, and the development of bimodal PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes in combination with paramagnetic natMn as a contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Brandt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Cardinale
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivo Rausch
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas L Mindt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Stewart TJ. Across the spectrum: integrating multidimensional metal analytics for in situ metallomic imaging. Metallomics 2020; 11:29-49. [PMID: 30499574 PMCID: PMC6350628 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00235e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To know how much of a metal species is in a particular location within a biological context at any given time is essential for understanding the intricate roles of metals in biology and is the fundamental question upon which the field of metallomics was born. Simply put, seeing is powerful. With the combination of spectroscopy and microscopy, we can now see metals within complex biological matrices complemented by information about associated molecules and their structures. With the addition of mass spectrometry and particle beam based techniques, the field of view grows to cover greater sensitivities and spatial resolutions, addressing structural, functional and quantitative metallomic questions from the atomic level to whole body processes. In this perspective, I present a paradigm shift in the way we relate to and integrate current and developing metallomic analytics, highlighting both familiar and perhaps less well-known state of the art techniques for in situ metallomic imaging, specific biological applications, and their use in correlative studies. There is a genuine need to abandon scientific silos and, through the establishment of a metallomic scientific platform for further development of multidimensional analytics for in situ metallomic imaging, we have an incredible opportunity to enhance the field of metallomics and demonstrate how discovery research can be done more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora J Stewart
- King's College London, Mass Spectrometry, London Metallomics Facility, 4th Floor Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford St., London SE1 9NH, UK.
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18
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Yang J, Li Q. Manganese-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Application in Central Nervous System Diseases. Front Neurol 2020; 11:143. [PMID: 32161572 PMCID: PMC7052353 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) relies on the strong paramagnetism of Mn2+. Mn2+ is a calcium ion analog and can enter excitable cells through voltage-gated calcium channels. Mn2+ can be transported along the axons of neurons via microtubule-based fast axonal transport. Based on these properties, MEMRI is used to describe neuroanatomical structures, monitor neural activity, and evaluate axonal transport rates. The application of MEMRI in preclinical animal models of central nervous system (CNS) diseases can provide more information for the study of disease mechanisms. In this article, we provide a brief review of MEMRI use in CNS diseases ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to brain injury and spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital & Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Qinqing Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital & Cancer Center, Kunming, China
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19
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Spath NB, Thompson G, Baker AH, Dweck MR, Newby DE, Semple SIK. Manganese-enhanced MRI of the myocardium. Heart 2019; 105:1695-1700. [PMID: 31337670 PMCID: PMC6855794 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium-based contrast media are widely used in cardiovascular MRI to identify and to highlight the intravascular and extracellular space. After gadolinium, manganese has the second highest paramagnetic moment and was one of the first MRI contrast agents assessed in humans. Over the last 50 years, manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) has emerged as a complementary approach enabling intracellular myocardial contrast imaging that can identify functional myocardium through its ability to act as a calcium analogue. Early progress was limited by its potential to cause myocardial depression. To overcome this problem, two clinical formulations of manganese were developed using either chelation (manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate) or coadministration with a calcium compound (EVP1001-1, Eagle Vision Pharmaceuticals). Preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of MEMRI in quantifying myocardial infarction and detecting myocardial viability as well as tracking altered contractility and calcium handling in cardiomyopathy. Recent clinical data suggest that MEMRI has exciting potential in the quantification of myocardial viability in ischaemic cardiomyopathy, the early detection of abnormalities in myocardial calcium handling, and ultimately, in the development of novel therapies for myocardial infarction or heart failure by actively quantifying viable myocardium. The stage is now set for wider clinical translational study of this novel and promising non-invasive imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick B Spath
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gerard Thompson
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew H Baker
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc R Dweck
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David E Newby
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Heart Centre, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Scott I K Semple
- BHF/University Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Edinburgh Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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20
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Radiation effective dose assessment of [ 51Mn]- and [ 52Mn]-chloride. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 153:108805. [PMID: 31382087 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In order to establish the potential of [51/52Mn]Cl2 as safe PET brain tracers, the radiation effective dose (ED) of [51Mn]- and [52Mn]-chloride has been assessed by using biokinetic models in anthropomorphic phantoms. Results showed that [52Mn]-chloride releases one hundred thirty times more radiation dose (ED = 1.35 mSv/MBq) than [51Mn]-chloride (ED = 1.02E-02 mSv/MBq). Although the maximum positron energy of 52Mn allows a PET image resolution similar to that of 18F, activities below 15 MBq should be administered.
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21
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Barrett KE, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Olson AP, Kutyreff CJ, Ellison PA, Barnhart TE, Nickles RJ, Engle JW. Radiochemical isolation method for the production of 52gMn from natCr for accelerator targets. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 146:99-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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22
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Saar G, Koretsky AP. Manganese Enhanced MRI for Use in Studying Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 12:114. [PMID: 30666190 PMCID: PMC6330305 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI has been extensively used in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), frontal-temporal dementia (FTD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). MRI is important for monitoring the neurodegenerative components in other diseases such as epilepsy, stroke and multiple sclerosis (MS). Manganese enhanced MRI (MEMRI) has been used in many preclinical studies to image anatomy and cytoarchitecture, to obtain functional information in areas of the brain and to study neuronal connections. This is due to Mn2+ ability to enter excitable cells through voltage gated calcium channels and be actively transported in an anterograde manner along axons and across synapses. The broad range of information obtained from MEMRI has led to the use of Mn2+ in many animal models of neurodegeneration which has supplied important insight into brain degeneration in preclinical studies. Here we provide a brief review of MEMRI use in neurodegenerative diseases and in diseases with neurodegenerative components in animal studies and discuss the potential translation of MEMRI to clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Saar
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alan P Koretsky
- Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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23
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Chaple IF, Lapi SE. Production and Use of the First-Row Transition Metal PET Radionuclides 43,44Sc, 52Mn, and 45Ti. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1655-1659. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.213264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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24
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Bartnicka JJ, Blower PJ. Insights into Trace Metal Metabolism in Health and Disease from PET: "PET Metallomics". J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1355-1359. [PMID: 29976696 PMCID: PMC6126445 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.212803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential trace metals such as copper, zinc, iron, and manganese perform critical functions in cellular and physiologic processes including catalytic, regulatory, and signaling roles. Disturbed metal homeostasis is associated with the pathogenesis of diseases such as dementia, cancer, and inherited metabolic abnormalities. Intracellular pathways involving essential metals have been extensively studied but whole-body fluxes and transport between different compartments remain poorly understood. The growing availability of PET scanners and positron-emitting isotopes of key essential metals, particularly 64Cu, 63Zn, and 52Mn, provide new tools with which to study these processes in vivo. This review highlights opportunities that now present themselves, exemplified by studies of copper metabolism that are in the vanguard of a new research front in molecular imaging: "PET metallomics."
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Bartnicka
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Blower
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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