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Ojelere BO, Adeoye IA. Sleep pattern and disorders among pregnant women in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:250. [PMID: 38643114 PMCID: PMC11031875 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is essential for pregnant women's and the offspring's health and wellbeing. Poor sleep and disorders have been linked with adverse fetal outcomes and delivery conditions. However, pregnant women often experience several forms of sleep disruption, which has been scarcely reported in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), including Nigeria where the influence of lifestyle factors has also been lacking. We investigated sleep patterns and disorders and the associated factors among pregnant women in Southwest, Nigeria. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted among five hundred (500) pregnant women attending Adeoyo Maternity Teaching Hospital. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to examine different domains of sleep and associated disorders, namely sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (> 5 and ≤ 5)), insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index (> 8 and ≤ 8)), restless leg syndrome (Restless Leg Syndrome Rating Scale (> 10 and ≤ 10). Significant covariates such as physical activity, minimum dietary diversity, smoking and alcohol intake were also assessed. We conducted bivariate and multivariate analysis at p < 0.05 significance level. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 30.4 ± 4.8 years. The pattern of sleep disorder in pregnant were poor sleep quality (50%), restless leg syndrome (58.2%) and insomnia (33.4%). Being currently married (AOR = 6.13; 95% CI: (1.65-22.23)), increasing gestational age: second trimester (AOR = 8.25;95% CI: (1.78-38.17)) to third trimester (AOR = 10.98; 95% CI: (2.44-49.48)) increased the odds of poor sleep quality. Factors associated with restless leg syndrome were marital status [AOR = 3.60; 95% CI; (1.25-10.35)], religion, rigorous physical activities [AOR = 1.52; 95% CI: (1.05-2.21)] and alcohol consumption [AOR = 3.51; 95% CI: (1.00-12.27)]. Factors associated with insomnia were maternal age [AOR = 1.83; 95% CI: (1.11-3.01)], income [AOR = 2.99 (1.26-7.16)] and rigorous physical activity [AOR = 2.55 (1.61-4.02)]. CONCLUSION Poor sleep quality, restless leg syndrome and insomnia were typical among pregnant women in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Thus, awareness and education on the importance of sleep and its risk and protective factors, such as alcohol consumption, smoking, rigorous activity and spousal and family support, should be increased to reduce poor sleep quality and sleep disorders (restless leg syndrome and insomnia) during the pregnancy period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blessing O Ojelere
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ikeola A Adeoye
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Consortium of Advanced Research for Africa (CARTA), Nairobi, Kenya.
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Mislu E, Assalfew B, Arage MW, Chane F, Hailu T, Tenaw LA, Kidie AA, Kumsa H. Prevalence and factors associated with restless legs syndrome among pregnant women in middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1326337. [PMID: 38188334 PMCID: PMC10771314 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1326337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a debilitating condition characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the legs, typically occurring during periods of rest or sleep. It is more prevalent during pregnancy and is linked to sleep disturbances, diminished quality of life, and pregnancy complications. However, previous studies yielded inconsistent findings among pregnant women in middle-income countries. Consequently, this systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine the pooled prevalence of restless legs syndrome and its associated factors in these populations. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on published studies from middle-income countries until May 2023. The review strictly adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant search terms were used to search for studies in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Data extraction was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for prevalence studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 17 software, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test, while publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test. Forest plots were also used to present the pooled prevalence and odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model. Result This review included 22 studies from nine countries with a total of 17, 580 study participants. The overall pooled prevalence of RLS among pregnant women in middle-income countries was 13.82% (95% CI: 13.31, 14.32), and having low hemoglobin level (AOR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.18), history of RLS (AOR: 7.54, 95% CI: 3.02, 18.79), muscle cramps (AOR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.21, 10.61), excessive day time sleepiness (AOR: 4.02, 95% CI: 1.34, 12.04), preeclampsia (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.28, 3.30), and taking prophylactic iron supplementation (AOR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.69) were the identified factors associated with it. Conclusion Generally, nearly one in every eight pregnant women in middle-income countries develop restless legs syndrome during pregnancy. Having low hemoglobin level, a history of RLS, muscle cramps, excessive daytime sleepiness, preeclampsia, and taking prophylactic iron supplementation were the identified factors associated with it. These findings underscore the importance of addressing the identified factors associated with RLS in order to effectively mitigate its occurrence among pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esuyawkal Mislu
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Betel Assalfew
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | | | - Fiker Chane
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Hailu
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Lebeza Alemu Tenaw
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Atitegeb Abera Kidie
- School of Public Health, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Henok Kumsa
- School of Midwifery, College of Health Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
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Turan H, Aşkın Turan S, Butun Z, Kayapınar M. The Prevalence, Severity, and Predictive Factors of Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnancy. Cureus 2023; 15:e44884. [PMID: 37692184 PMCID: PMC10485731 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to search the prevalence and severity of restless legs syndrome (RLS) in pregnancy according to the three trimesters and predictive factors of RLS in pregnancy based on validated diagnostic tools and a thorough literature review. METHODS The cross-sectional descriptive study included 500 pregnant women without comorbidities who were interviewed face-to-face. Age, height, weight, week of pregnancy, smoking, alcohol, caffeine use, regular exercise, and lab test results from the last visit were all included in the data. Only women satisfying the RLS diagnostic criteria were given the Restless Legs Syndrome Rating Scale. RESULTS The prevalence of RLS was found to be 29.2% with the highest rate in the third trimester (64.4%). In all trimesters, low ferritin (first trimester: p = 0.004; second trimester: p < 0.001; third trimester: p < 0.001), folic acid (first trimester: p = 0.001; second trimester: p < 0.001; third trimester: p < 0.001), vitamin B12 (first trimester: p = 0.003; second trimester: p < 0.001; third trimester: p < 0.001), and hemoglobin (first trimester: p < 0.001; second trimester: p < 0.001; third trimester: p < 0.001) levels were associated with RLS. In the second and third trimesters, low magnesium (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and high creatinine (p = 0.027 and p < 0.001, respectively) levels were associated with RLS. Higher thyroid-stimulating hormone and free T4 levels were associated with RLS in the third trimester but not in the first and second trimesters (median: 2.4 vs. 2.1, p < 0.001; median: 1.5 vs. 1.2, p < 0.001). In the multivariate regression analysis, age (p = 0.034, OR: 1.060, 95% CI: 1.005-1.119), present BMI (p < 0.001, OR: 1.8884, 95% CI: 1.597-2.222), BMI before conception (p < 0.001, OR: 0.607, 95% CI: 0.513-0.718), gravida (p < 0.001, OR: 2.172, 95% CI: 1.547-3.049), low ferritin level (p < 0.001, OR: 6.396, 95% CI: 0.00744-0.010405), low vitamin B12 (p < 0.001, OR: 10.347, 95% CI: 0.00120-0.00176), low folate (p < 0.001, OR: 5.841, 95% CI: 0.00616-0.01240), RLS history before conception (p = 0.013, OR: 4.963, 95% CI: 1.402-17.57), and RLS family history (p < 0.001, OR: 7.914, 95% CI: 0.18760-0.31151) were found to be predictive factors for RLS in pregnancy. CONCLUSION More attention is needed to RLS during pregnancy to prevent or treat this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences, Mersin City Hospital, Mersin, TUR
| | - Suna Aşkın Turan
- Neurology/Pain Management, University of Health Sciences, Mersin City Hospital, Mersin, TUR
| | - Zafer Butun
- Obstetrics and Gynecology/Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Eskişehir City Hospital, Eskişehir, TUR
| | - Masum Kayapınar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology/Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Mersin City Hospital, Mersin, TUR
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Sleep Disturbance in Pregnancy. Sleep Med Clin 2022; 17:11-23. [PMID: 35216757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is vital to life, even when women enter into pregnancy state. Good sleep is important for a healthy pregnancy. Sleep disturbances are common during pregnancy and can be due to the change of pregnancy itself or the results of sleep disorders. There is growing evidence linking sleep disturbances with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Differentiation of sleep disorders in order to provide appropriate treatment as well as promoting good sleep for pregnant women is important. A multidisciplinary team to provide sleep care during antenatal period may be needed.
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Yoshimura C, Arima H, Amagase H, Takewaka M, Nakashima K, Imaoka C, Miyanaga N, Obama H, Fujita M, Ando SI. Idiopathic and secondary restless legs syndrome during pregnancy in Japan: Prevalence, clinical features and delivery-related outcomes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251298. [PMID: 33974646 PMCID: PMC8112660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence of idiopathic and secondary restless legs syndrome (RLS) according to pregnancy trimester, and its effects on delivery-related outcomes among pregnant women in Japan. Methods This was a single-center, prospective observational study. One hundred eighty-two consecutive pregnant women participated in the study from June 2014 to March 2016. Participants were interviewed and examined in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and 1 month after delivery. At each term, RLS was identified by a research assistant and then specialist in sleep medicine based on the diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Delivery-related data was collected from medical charts. RLS was classified as idiopathic RLS, which originally existed before the index pregnancy, or secondary RLS, which newly appeared during the index pregnancy. Results The prevalence of RLS was 4.9% (idiopathic 3.3%, secondary 1.6%) in the second trimester, 5.0% (idiopathic 0.0%, secondary 5.0%) in the third trimester, and 0.6% (idiopathic 0.0%, secondary 0.6%) after delivery. Prolonged labor, emergency Cesarean section, and arrest of labor tended to be more frequent in idiopathic and/or second RLS (all p<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of RLS during pregnancy was 4–5% and decreases after delivery in current Japan. The presence of RLS was associated with an increase in some delivery-related outcomes. Early detection and treatment of RLS during pregnancy may be beneficial to safe delivery for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikara Yoshimura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Sleep Apnea Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Masaki Fujita
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ando
- Sleep Apnea Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yıldırım E, Apaydın H. Zinc and Magnesium Levels of Pregnant Women with Restless Leg Syndrome and Their Relationship with Anxiety: A Case-Control Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:1674-1685. [PMID: 32676936 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Restless leg syndrome (RLS) is a multifactorial movement disorder, and pregnancy is seen as a risk factor. This study aims to determine the clinical and psychiatric causes of RLS with a case-control study. The hemogram, biochemistry data, thyroid function tests, and serum element levels of healthy pregnant women (n = 134) and pregnant women diagnosed with RLS (n = 119) were compared. Total Ca, Mg, K, and Na concentrations were measured with an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and an atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to measure total concentrations of Zn in all samples. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were also compared in both groups. Sonographic measurements showed that the fetal biparietal diameter and femur lengths were higher in the RLS group (p = 0.001, p = 0.048, respectively), and abortion history was higher in the RLS group (p = 0.016). Magnesium and zinc levels were lower (p < 0.001 for both) and BAI and PSQI scores were higher (p < 0.001 for both) in the RLS group, and there was no difference between the BDI (p = 0.269) scores. A statistically significant relationship was detected between the BAI and RLS scores in the control and RLS groups (p < 0.001 for both). This is the first study to show that magnesium and zinc deficiency may play a role in the etiology of RLS during pregnancy; the results also showed adverse perinatal outcomes such as high miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Yıldırım
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hitit University, Faculty of Medicine, Ciflikcayiri Street, İkbalkent Campus, 19200, Corum, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Apaydın
- Spectrophotometric Analysis Laboratory, HUBTUAM Research Center, Hitit University, Faculty of Engineering, North Campus, Ring Road Boulevard, 19030, Çorum, Turkey
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Goecke TW, Schnakenberg P, Frensch M, Chechko N. Restless Legs Syndrome During Pregnancy and 12 Weeks Postpartum and its Links to Cardiovascular Diseases, Stressful Life Events, and Psychiatric History. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E3046. [PMID: 32967350 PMCID: PMC7563656 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9093046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is highly prevalent among pregnant women. In the present study, a neurological-obstetrical sample of 561 postpartum women was retrospectively screened for RLS symptoms during pregnancy and in the first 12 weeks postpartum. The first screening took place within 1 to 6 days of delivery (T0) and the second 12 weeks after childbirth (T1). The pregnancy-related RLS prevalence rate was found to be 21% (n = 119), with the women suffering from RLS being more often affected by psychiatric history and having been more exposed to stressful life events. They were also found to have experienced baby blues more frequently shortly after childbirth. However, RLS in pregnancy did not appear to have any effect on the development of postpartum depression. Additionally, a positive trend was observed toward an association between pregnancy-related RLS and gestational diabetes and hypertension. Of the 119 women, 23 (19.3%) remained affected by RLS 12 weeks postpartum. Body mass index (BMI), weight gain, parity, childbearing history, or chronic stress exposure in pregnancy as measured by hair cortisol were not found to be linked to RLS. In summary, a comprehensive understanding of the interaction of clinical, environmental, and anamnestic factors can help shed valuable light on this pregnancy-related condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamme W. Goecke
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Department of Obstetrics, RoMed Hospital Rosenheim, 83022 Rosenheim, Germany
| | - Patricia Schnakenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Markus Frensch
- Klinikum Mutterhaus der Borromäerinnen gGmbH, Abteilung für Gynäkologie u. Geburtshilfe, Feldstraße 16, 54290 Trier, Germany;
| | - Natalia Chechko
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA)–Translational Brain Medicine, 52066 Aachen, Germany
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Darvishi N, Daneshkhah A, Khaledi-Paveh B, Vaisi-Raygani A, Mohammadi M, Salari N, Darvishi F, Abdi A, Jalali R. The prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-ekbom disease (RLS/WED) in the third trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:132. [PMID: 32284042 PMCID: PMC7153235 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01709-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RLS is known as one of the most common movement disorders during pregnancy, which is most aggravated in the third trimester of pregnancy and can affect up to one-third of pregnant women. This study intends to determine the total prevalence of RLS in the third trimester of pregnancy through a systematic review. Methods The present study was conducted via meta-analysis method up to 2019. The papers related to the subject of interest were obtained through searching in SID, MagIran, IranDoc, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science (ISI), PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. Heterogeneity of the studies was examined via I2 index, and the data were analyzed in Comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results In investigating 10 papers capturing 2431 subjects within the age range of 25–39 years, the total prevalence of RLS in the third trimester of pregnancy based on meta-analysis was obtained as 22.9% (95% CI: 14.7–33.8%). Further, as the sample size increased, the RLS prevalence diminished, while with increase in years, this prevalence increased, where this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Prevalence of RLS in the third trimester of pregnancy is high, healthcare policymakers should organize educational classes to improve the life dimensions among this group of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Darvishi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Daneshkhah
- School of Computing, Electronics and Maths, Coventry University, London, UK
| | - Behnam Khaledi-Paveh
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Vaisi-Raygani
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fateme Darvishi
- School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rostam Jalali
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Esposito G, Odelli V, Romiti L, Chiaffarino F, Di Martino M, Ricci E, Mauri PA, Bulfoni A, Parazzini F. Prevalence and risk factors for restless legs syndrome during pregnancy in a Northern Italian population. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2019; 39:480-484. [DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2018.1525341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Esposito
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Neonatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Vanessa Odelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Romiti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Chiaffarino
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Neonatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Di Martino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Ricci
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Neonatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Agnese Mauri
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Neonatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bulfoni
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Humanitas, San Pio X Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Parazzini
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology and Neonatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Panvatvanich S, Lolekha P. Restless Legs Syndrome in Pregnant Thai Women: Prevalence, Predictive Factors, and Natural Course. J Clin Neurol 2019; 15:97-101. [PMID: 30618223 PMCID: PMC6325358 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2019.15.1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sleep-related neurological disorder that affects the quality of sleep. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, predictive factors, and natural course of RLS, and its effect on sleep quality in pregnant Thai women. METHODS A cross-sectional study that included 214 pregnant women was performed. RLS was diagnosed according to the revised criteria of the International RLS Study Group (IRLSSG). General demographic and antenatal-care data were reviewed. Scores on the Thai versions of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the IRLSSG Rating Scale were determined. RESULTS RLS was diagnosed in 24 of the pregnant women (11.2%): 4.2%, 25.0%, and 70.8% in the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a hemoglobin level (Hb) less than 11 g/dL [odds ratio (OR)=3.21, 95% CI=1.27-8.13] and a history of RLS (OR=16.62, 95% CI=1.52-181.32) were associated with RLS during pregnancy. Subjects with RLS significantly had higher Thai-ESS scores (p<0.01). All subjects with RLS had severe symptoms that subsided within 1 week after delivery. No immediate labor complication was associated with RLS. CONCLUSIONS Our study has confirmed a high prevalence of RLS and its impacts on sleep in pregnant women. An Hb of less than 11 g/dL and a history of RLS are predictive factors for RLS developing during pregnancy. Pregnancy-related RLS has a benign course and usually disappears within 1 week after delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supakorn Panvatvanich
- Neurology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Praween Lolekha
- Neurology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand.,Stroke and Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, Thailand.
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Maheswari U, Devaraj D, Devaraj U, Bothello M, Ramachandran P, D\'Souza GA. Prevalence of Restless Leg Syndrome in Pregnancy— A Follow-up Study (PEARLS Study). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10069-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Chen SJ, Shi L, Bao YP, Sun YK, Lin X, Que JY, Vitiello MV, Zhou YX, Wang YQ, Lu L. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome during pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 40:43-54. [PMID: 29169861 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pregnant women are more likely to be affected by restless legs syndrome (RLS) than the general population. Restless legs syndrome during pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Currently unknown is the worldwide and regional prevalence of RLS in pregnant women. We performed a meta-analysis to provide a full profile of the prevalence of RLS during pregnancy. A systematic search of the PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was performed to identify studies that were published up to April 2017, followed by random-effects meta-analyses. A total of 196 articles were identified, among which 27 longitudinal and cross-sectional observational studies with 51,717 pregnant subjects were included in the analysis. The pooled overall prevalence of RLS across all three trimesters was 21%. According to the regional classification of the World health organization, the prevalence of RLS during pregnancy in the European Region, Western Pacific Region, Eastern Mediterranean Region, and Region of the Americas was 22%, 14%, 30%, and 20%, respectively. The regional prevalence in the African Region and South-East Asia Region was not assessed because of insufficient data. We also analyzed the prevalence of RLS in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy, and the rates of RLS were 8%, 16%, and 22%, respectively. We also found that the high prevalence of RLS decreased to 4% after delivery. No publication bias was found in these analyses. The findings emphasize the high occurrence of RLS during pregnancy. Future studies should examine the effects of RLS during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jing Chen
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Le Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Ping Bao
- National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ye-Kun Sun
- College of Psychology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian-Yu Que
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China
| | - Michael V Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA
| | - Yu-Xin Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, Allegheny College, Meadville, PA 16335, USA
| | - Yong-Qing Wang
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China; National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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14
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Abstract
Sleep disturbances and disorders are common during pregnancy, and they can be risk factors for a number of serious pregnancy-related sleep disorders. These include postpartum depression, pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, and intrauterine growth retardation. In addition, certain chronic sleep disorders, such as narcolepsy, are quite challenging to manage in the context of pregnancy and during lactation, particularly with medications that can be teratogenic. This review discusses 4 common sleep disorders and their impacts on pregnancy, and suggests ways to deal with these disorders that improves maternal and fetal outcomes safely. The review discusses diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, insomnia, and narcolepsy in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Kay-Stacey
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hrayr P. Attarian
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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15
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Sherbin N, Ahmed A, Fatani A, Al-Otaibi K, Al-Jahdali F, Ali YZ, Al-Harbi A, Khan M, Baharoon S, Al-Jahdali H. The prevalence and associated risk factors of restless legs syndrome among Saudi adults. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-017-0089-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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