The effect of sleep duration on exhaled nitric oxide levels in U.S. adults

The Effect of Varying Fatty Acid Composition on Postprandial Airway Inflammation, Pulmonary Function, and Airway Resistance in Healthy, Young Adults

OBJECTIVE

To examine the effect of varying fatty acid composition in a HFM on eNO, pulmonary function, and airway resistance.

METHODS

Fifteen individuals [6 M/9 F; 21.9 ± 1.5 years old] each completed three HFM conditions {SF, O6FA, and O3FA; 12 kcal/kg body weight, 63% total fat, and 0.72 g/kg sugar smoothies} in random order separated by at least 48 h. Airway inflammation assessed via eNO, pulmonary function measured using the maximum flow volume loop (MFVL) and airway resistance measured using impulse oscillometry (iOS) were taken at baseline, 2h and 4h postprandially.

RESULTS

There was no difference in eNO or iOS across time in any condition or between conditions (p > 0.05). There was a significant time by condition effect for FEV1 post-HFM in the SF and O6FA conditions (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Different fatty acid compositions do not increase eNO or iOS in healthy, college-aged participants after consumption of a HFM, though the minimally processed meals with fruit added may contribute to these findings.

Self-Reported Insufficient Sleep Is Associated With Clinical and Inflammatory Features of Asthma: A Prospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND

A few studies have explored the association between short sleep duration and worse asthma outcomes in patients with self-reported asthma; however, all of them were cross-sectional.

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the association between self-reported sleep duration and asthma-related clinical and inflammatory characteristics and whether sleep duration is associated with asthma exacerbations (AEs) in the following year.

METHODS

A prospective cohort study consecutively recruited participants with asthma, who were classified into short (n = 58), normal (n = 380), and long (n = 84) sleep duration groups. We investigated the clinical and inflammatory characteristics and exacerbations within a 1-year follow-up.

RESULTS

Patients with short sleep duration were older and had significantly lower total IgE and FeNO levels and higher airway inflammation, characterized by increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in sputum than those of patients with normal sleep duration. Furthermore, they had a significantly increased risk for poorly controlled asthma (adjusted odds ratio = 2.741; 95% CI, 1.379-5.447; P = .004) and moderate to severe AEs (adjusted incidence rate ratio = 1.798; 95% CI, 1.098-2.942; P = .020).

CONCLUSIONS

Short sleep duration was associated with non-type 2 inflammation and is an independent risk factor for future AEs. Therefore, as a potentially treatable trait, sleep duration may have clinical implications for asthma management.

The association between sleep duration, respiratory symptoms, asthma, and COPD in adults

Introduction

The association between sleep duration and cough, wheezing, and dyspnea was unclear. This research aimed to test this relationship.

Methods

Research data were obtained from people who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2012. We used weighted logistic regression analysis and fitted curves to explore the association between sleep and respiratory symptoms. In addition, we investigated the association between sleep duration, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma. The stratified analysis is used to analyze inflection points and specific populations.

Results

The 14,742 subjects are weighted to reflect the 45,678,491 population across the United States. Weighted logistic regression and fitted curves show a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and cough and dyspnea. This U-shaped relationship remained in people without COPD and asthma. The stratified analysis confirmed that sleep duration before 7.5 h was negatively associated with cough (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.73-0.87) and dyspnea (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.77-0.88). In contrast, it was positively associated with cough and (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.14-1.48) dyspnea (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.00-1.26) when sleep duration was >7.5 h. In addition, short sleep duration is associated with wheezing, asthma, and COPD.

Conclusion

Both long and short sleep duration are associated with cough and dyspnea. And short sleep duration is also an independent risk factor for wheezing, asthma, and COPD. This finding provides new insights into the management of respiratory symptoms and diseases.

Neurofluids-Deep inspiration, cilia and preloading of the astrocytic network

With the advent of real-time MRI, the motion and passage of cerebrospinal fluid can be visualized without gating and exclusion of low-frequency waves. This imaging modality gives insights into low-volume, rapidly oscillating cardiac-driven movement as well as sustained, high-volume, slowly oscillating inspiration-driven movement. Inspiration means a spontaneous or artificial increase in the intrathoracic dimensions independent of body position. Alterations in thoracic diameter enable the thoracic and spinal epidural venous compartments to be emptied and filled, producing an upward surge of cerebrospinal fluid inside the spine during inspiration; this surge counterbalances the downward pooling of venous blood toward the heart. Real-time MRI, as a macroscale in vivo observation method, could expand our knowledge of neurofluid dynamics, including how astrocytic fluid preloading is adjusted and how brain buoyancy and turgor are maintained in different postures and zero gravity. Along with these macroscale findings, new microscale insights into aquaporin-mediated fluid transfer, its sensing by cilia, and its tuning by nitric oxide will be reviewed. By incorporating clinical knowledge spanning several disciplines, certain disorders-congenital hydrocephalus with Chiari malformation, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and adult idiopathic hydrocephalus-are interpreted and reviewed according to current concepts, from the basics of the interrelated systems to their pathology.

Associations between sleep duration, lung function, FeNO and blood eosinophils among current asthmatics (NHANES 2007-12)

Short sleep duration potentially affects the risk of developing asthma and asthmatic exacerbation. Our aim is to determine the associations between sleep duration with asthmatic phenotypes, fraction of exhaled NO (FeNO), blood eosinophils, and lung function among current asthmatics. A total of 558 individuals from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2007-2012 were included in this study. Self-reported sleep duration was divided into three groups: short (⩽6 h), healthy (7-8 h) and long (⩾9 h). By using a multivariate generalized additive model with binomial or Poisson regression, the abovementioned associations were evaluated after adjustment for potential confounders. Our study population included 284 short sleepers, 240 healthy sleepers and 34 long sleepers. In multivariate binomial regression analysis, we found that short sleep duration was associated with increased risk of asthma with central obesity (adjusted OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.33-0.99, P = 0.047) compared with healthy sleep duration. Multivariate Poisson regression analyses revealed a significant increase in FeNO (adjusted OR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.14-1.26, P < 0.01) and reduction of blood eosinophil percentage (adjusted OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.77-0.96, P < 0.01) in the healthy sleep duration group compared with the short sleep duration group. The individuals with healthy and long sleep duration harbored better lung function than those with short sleep duration, with the exception of FEV1/FVC. Our study suggested that short sleepers potentially increase the risk of asthma with central obesity and lung function impairment than healthy sleepers among current asthmatics. We also observed that short sleep duration is associated with a significant reduction of FeNO and increase of blood eosinophil percentage.