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Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Powered by Macadamia and Grapeseed Biodiesels. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13112748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel is an alternative, eco-friendly and renewable source of energy. It can be produced from a wide range of feedstocks which can be grown in marginal land use. It has drawn more attention to the researchers. In this study, the oil extraction, biodiesel conversion, and physiochemical properties of Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) and Grapeseed (Vitis vinifera) biodiesels are presented. The experimental investigation of diesel engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics were conducted using B5 (5% biodiesel and 95% diesel by volume) and B10 (10% biodiesel and 90% diesel by volume) blends. The engine performance parameters, such as brake power (BP), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) have been investigated in this experiment. The emission parameters, for example, carbon monoxide (CO), the ratio of CO2/CO, nitrogen oxide (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC), particulate matter (PM) have been measured during the experiment. Finally, the combustion parameters such as cylinder pressure (CP) were recorded, and heat release rate (HRR) was analysed and compared with that of diesel fuel. The study revealed that the Macadamia biodiesel performed better than Grapeseed biodiesel and behaved closely to that of diesel fuel. A significant reduction of engine emissions was found in the case of Macadamia biodiesel with a minimal reduction of engine performance. Further analysis of energy, exergy and tribological characteristics of the Macadamia biodiesel is recommended for assessing its feasibility for commercial application.
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Mahlia TMI, Ismail N, Hossain N, Silitonga AS, Shamsuddin AH. Palm oil and its wastes as bioenergy sources: a comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:14849-14866. [PMID: 30937750 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Due to global warming and increasing price of fossil fuel, scientists all over the world have been trying to find reliable alternative fuels. One of the most potential candidates is renewable energy from biomass. The race for renewable energy from biomass has long begun and focused on to combat the deteriorating condition of the environment. Palm oil has been in the spotlight as an alternative of bioenergy sources to resolve fossil fuel problem due to its environment-friendly nature. This review will look deep into the origins of palm oil and how it is processed, bioproducts from this biomass, and oil palm biomass-based power plant in Malaysia. Palm oil is usually processed from oil palm fruits and other parts of the oil palm plant are candidates for raw material of bioproduct generation. Oil palm biomass can be turned into three subcategories: bioproduct, biofuels, and biopower. Focusing on biofuel, the biodiesel from palm oil will be explored in detail and its implication in Malaysia as one of the biggest producers of oil palm in the world will also be emphasized comprehensively. The paper presents the detail of a schematic flow diagram of a palm oil mill process of transforming oil palm into crude palm oil and it wastes. This paper will also discuss the current oil palm biomass power plants in Malaysia. Palm oil has been proven itself as a potential alternative to reduce negative environmental impact of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia
- School of Systems, Management and Leadership, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Norasyiqin Ismail
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nazia Hossain
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Arridina Susan Silitonga
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Medan, Medan, North Sumatra, 20155, Indonesia.
| | - Abd Halim Shamsuddin
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Gomes TG, Hadi SIIA, Costa Alves GS, Mendonça S, De Siqueira FG, Miller RNG. Current Strategies for the Detoxification of Jatropha curcas Seed Cake: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2510-2522. [PMID: 29498277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas is an important oilseed plant, with considerable potential in the development of biodiesel. Although Jatropha seed cake, the byproduct of oil extraction, is a residue rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and carbon, with high protein content suitable for application in animal feed, the presence of toxic phorbol esters limits its application in feed supplements and fertilizers. This review summarizes the current methods available for detoxification of this residue, based upon chemical, physical, biological, or combined processes. The advantages and disadvantages of each process are discussed, and future directions involving genomic and proteomic approaches for advancing our understanding of biodegradation processes involving microorganisms are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisa G Gomes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte , 70910-900 , Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | - Sámed I I A Hadi
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB , Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 , 31270-010 , Belo Horizonte , MG , Brazil
| | - Gabriel S Costa Alves
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte , 70910-900 , Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | - Simone Mendonça
- Embrapa Agroenergia, STN-70297-400 , 70297-400 , Brasília , DF , Brazil
| | | | - Robert N G Miller
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular , Universidade de Brasília , Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte , 70910-900 , Brasília , DF , Brazil
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Banerjee A, Halvorsen KE, Eastmond-Spencer A, Sweitz SR. Sustainable Development for Whom and How? Exploring the Gaps between Popular Discourses and Ground Reality Using the Mexican Jatropha Biodiesel Case. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 59:912-923. [PMID: 28324145 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-017-0848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, jatropha-based bioenergy projects have gotten significant attention as a solution to various social, economic, and environmental problems. Jatropha's popularity stemmed out from different discourses, some real and some perceived, in scientific and non-scientific literature. These discourses positioned jatropha as a crop helpful in producing biodiesel and protecting sustainability by reducing greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels and increasing local, rural development by creating jobs. Consequently, many countries established national policies that incentivized the establishment of jatropha as a bioenergy feedstock crop. In this paper, we explore the case of jatropha bioenergy development in Yucatan, Mexico and argue that the popular discourse around jatropha as a sustainability and rural development tool is flawed. Analyzing our results from 70 semi-structured interviews with community members belonging to a region where plantation-scale jatropha projects were introduced, we found that these projects did not have many significant social sustainability benefits. We conclude from our case that by just adding bioenergy projects cannot help achieve social sustainability in rural areas alone. In ensuring social sustainability of bioenergy projects, future policymaking processes should have a more comprehensive understanding of the rural socioeconomic problems where such projects are promoted and use bioenergy projects as one of the many solutions to local problems rather than creating such policies based just on popular discourses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparajita Banerjee
- Department of Social Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA.
| | - Kathleen E Halvorsen
- Department of Social Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
- School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
| | | | - Sam R Sweitz
- Department of Social Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
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Singh MK, Singh S, Ghoshal N. Impact of land use change on soil aggregate dynamics in the dry tropics. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Sunil Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Nandita Ghoshal
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Department of Botany Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
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Lerin LA, Remonatto D, Pereira TMM, Zenevicz MC, Valério A, Oliveira JV, Oliveira DD. Lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis of Jatropha curcas L. oil assisted by ultrasonication. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-6632.20170342s20150717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tao YB, Luo L, He LL, Ni J, Xu ZF. A promoter analysis of MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 1 (JcMFT1), a seed-preferential gene from the biofuel plant Jatropha curcas. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2014; 127:513-24. [PMID: 24879400 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-014-0639-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (MFT)-like genes belong to the phosphatidylethanoamine-binding protein (PEBP) gene family in plants. In contrast to their homologs FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1)-like genes, which are involved in the regulation of the flowering time pathway, MFT-like genes function mainly during seed development and germination. In this study, a full-length cDNA of the MFT-like gene JcMFT1 from the biodiesel plant Jatropha curcas (L.) was isolated and found to be highly expressed in seeds. The promoter of JcMFT1 was cloned and characterized in transgenic Arabidopsis. A histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay indicated that the JcMFT1 promoter was predominantly expressed in both embryos and endosperms of transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. Fluorometric GUS analysis revealed that the JcMFT1 promoter was highly active at the mid to late stages of seed development. After seed germination, the JcMFT1 promoter activity decreased gradually. In addition, both the JcMFT1 expression in germinating Jatropha embryos and its promoter activity in germinating Arabidopsis embryos were induced by abscisic acid (ABA), possibly due to two ABA-responsive elements, a G-box and an RY repeat, in the JcMFT1 promoter region. These results show that the JcMFT1 promoter is seed-preferential and can be used to control transgene expression in the seeds of Jatropha and other transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Yunnan, 666303, China,
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Phorbol Esters Degradation and Enzyme Production by Bacillus using Jatropha Seed Cake as Substrate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.11159/ijepr.2014.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Gosselink RW, Xia W, Muhler M, de Jong KP, Bitter JH. Enhancing the Activity of Pd on Carbon Nanofibers for Deoxygenation of Amphiphilic Fatty Acid Molecules through Support Polarity. ACS Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/cs400478q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. W. Gosselink
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry
and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W. Xia
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry
and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Muhler
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry
and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - K. P. de Jong
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry
and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. H. Bitter
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry
and Catalysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Abhilash PC, Dubey RK, Tripathi V, Srivastava P, Verma JP, Singh HB. Remediation and management of POPs-contaminated soils in a warming climate: challenges and perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:5879-5885. [PMID: 23677754 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1808-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Choudhury AR, Sharma N, Prasad GS. Deoiledjatropha seed cake is a useful nutrient for pullulan production. Microb Cell Fact 2012; 11:39. [PMID: 22462652 PMCID: PMC3375191 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-11-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ever increasing demand for fossil fuels is a major factor for rapid depletion of these non-renewable energy resources, which has enhanced the interest of finding out alternative sources of energy. In recent years jatropha seed oil has been used extensively for production of bio-diesel and has shown significant potential to replace petroleum fuels at least partially. De-oiled jatropha seed cake (DOJSC) which comprises of approximately 55 to 65% of the biomass is a byproduct of bio-diesel industry. DOJSC contains toxic components like phorbol esters which restricts its utilization as animal feed. Thus along with the enhancement of biodiesel production from jatropha, there is an associated problem of handling this toxic byproduct. Utilization of DOJSC as a feed stock for production of biochemicals may be an attractive solution to the problem. Pullulan is an industrially important polysaccharide with several potential applications in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industries. However, the major bottleneck for commercial utilization of pullulan is its high cost. A cost effective process for pullulan production may be developed using DOJSC as sole nutrient source which will in turn also help in utilization of the byproduct of bio-diesel industry. Results In the present study, DOJSC has been used as a nutrient for production of pullulan, in place of conventional nutrients like yeast extract and peptone. Process optimization was done in shake flasks, and under optimized conditions (8% DOJSC, 15% dextrose, 28°C temperature, 200 rpm, 5% inoculum, 6.0 pH) 83.98 g/L pullulan was obtained. The process was further validated in a 5 L laboratory scale fermenter. Conclusion This is the first report of using DOJSC as nutrient for production of an exopolysaccharide. Successful use of DOJSC as nutrient will help in finding significant application of this toxic byproduct of biodiesel industry. This in turn also have a significant impact on cost reduction and may lead to development of a cost effective green technology for pullulan production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Roy Choudhury
- Biochemical Engineering Research & Process Development Centre, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chandigarh, India.
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Sudhakar Johnson T, Eswaran N, Sujatha M. Molecular approaches to improvement of Jatropha curcas Linn. as a sustainable energy crop. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2011; 30:1573-91. [PMID: 21584678 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in crude oil prices, climate change concerns and limited reserves of fossil fuel, attention has been diverted to alternate renewable energy sources such as biofuel and biomass. Among the potential biofuel crops, Jatropha curcas L, a non-domesticated shrub, has been gaining importance as the most promising oilseed, as it does not compete with the edible oil supplies. Economic relevance of J. curcas for biodiesel production has promoted world-wide prospecting of its germplasm for crop improvement and breeding. However, lack of adequate genetic variation and non-availability of improved varieties limited its prospects of being a successful energy crop. In this review, we present the progress made in molecular breeding approaches with particular reference to tissue culture and genetic transformation, genetic diversity assessment using molecular markers, large-scale transcriptome and proteome studies, identification of candidate genes for trait improvement, whole genome sequencing and the current interest by various public and private sector companies in commercial-scale cultivation, which highlights the revival of Jatropha as a sustainable energy crop. The information generated from molecular markers, transcriptome profiling and whole genome sequencing could accelerate the genetic upgradation of J. curcas through molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sudhakar Johnson
- Plant Metabolic Engineering Group, Reliance Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd, Dhirubhai Ambani Life Sciences Center, R-282, Rabale, Navi Mumbai 400 701, India.
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