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Constenla M, Soler-Membrives A, Besada V, Carrassón M. Impact assessment of a large river on the sediments and fish from its continental shelf: using Solea solea as sentinel in the Ebro river mouth (NW Mediterranean, Spain). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:15713-15728. [PMID: 34636002 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have been carried out along mighty rivers with heavily industrialized watersheds to evaluate pollutants and their effects on freshwater organisms. However, their impact on marine organisms is virtually unknown. In order to cover this gap, Solea solea, one of the most important commercial fish species, together with sediments, were sampled during 2013-2015 offshore from the Ebro Delta river mouth. Fish health indicators (condition indices, histological tissue alterations, and parasite descriptors) were used to assess the potential effect of pollutants, an issue of particular interest in the area following the dredging activities taking place in the river upstream in 2013. No major histopathological alterations were detected, but perivascular inflammatory foci (PIF) were frequently observed, especially in 2014. The most prevalent and abundant parasites were acanthocephalans and digeneans within the digestive tract and copepods on the gills. Levels of trace metals from sediments and fish muscle were below the effects range median and reference levels accepted for human consumption, respectively. However, the lower levels of the hepatosomatic index, higher numbers of PIF, and variations in the abundance of parasites in 2014 and 2015 could suggest a pollutant exposure during these years. These results warn signs of toxicity, which could be associated with sediment leaks during the dredging activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Constenla
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anna Soler-Membrives
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victoria Besada
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, IEO, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Subida a Radio Faro, 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - Maite Carrassón
- Departament de Biologia Animal, de Biologia Vegetal i d'Ecologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Ortiz-Delgado JB, Funes V, Albendín G, Scala E, Sarasquete C. Toxicity of malathion during Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis larval development and metamorphosis: Histopathological disorders and effects on type B esterases and CYP1A enzymatic systems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1894-1910. [PMID: 34156741 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of malathion to Solea senegalensis was studied in a static renewal bioassay during its first month of larval life (between 4 and 30 dph). Through the use of different biomarkers and biochemical, cellular and molecular approaches (inhibition of cholinesterases [ChEs], changes in cytochrome P450-1A [CYP1A] and the study of histopathological alterations), the effects of three concentrations of malathion (1.56, 3.12, and 6.25 μg/L) have been analyzed. In subacute exposure, malathion inhibited cholinesterase activities (AChE, BChE, CbE) in a dose- and time-dependent manner, ranging the inhibition percentage from 20% to 90%. However, the expression levels of CYP1A and AChE transcripts or proteins were not modified. Additionally, exposure to malathion provoked histopathological alterations in several organ systems of Senegalese sole in a time- and dose dependent way, namely disruption of parenchymal architecture in the liver, epithelial desquamation, pyknotic nuclei and steatosis in the intestine, disorganization of supporting cartilage, and sings of hyperplasia and hypertrophy in the gills and degeneration of the epithelial cells from the renal tubules. Malathion exposure also provoked strong disorganization of cardiac fibers from the heart. The findings provide evidence that exposure to sublethal concentrations of malathion that provoked serious injury to the fish S. senegalensis, were below the expected environmental concentrations reported in many other ecosystems and different fish species,revealing a higher sensitivity for Solea senegalensis to malathion exposure, thus reinforcing its use as sentinel species for environmental pollution in coastal and estuarine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Bosco Ortiz-Delgado
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN, CSIC Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Cádiz
| | - Victoria Funes
- IFAPA Centro el Toruño, Camino Tiro de Pichón, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Gemma Albendín
- CEIMAR, Universidad de Cádiz, Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Emanuele Scala
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN, CSIC Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Cádiz
| | - Carmen Sarasquete
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía-ICMAN, CSIC Campus Universitario Río San Pedro, Cádiz
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Solé M, Lacorte S, Vinyoles D. Biochemical aspects of susceptibility to stressors in two small cyprinids Squalius laietanus and Barbus meridionalis from the NW Mediterranean. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 242:108940. [PMID: 33171299 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Specimens of two endemic cyprinids, Squalius laietanus (Catalan chub) and Barbus meridionalis (Mediterranean barbel), were sampled from a reference site in a small stream of the Ripoll River (NW Mediterranean) outside of their reproductive season. Biomarkers involved in xenobiotic-mediated responses were individually contrasted in fish of both species and 17 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) analysed in muscle to reveal bioaccumulation trends. The parameters were in muscle: cholinesterases, metabolic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and citrate synthase (CS); and in liver: cytochrome P450 dependent activities (EROD and BFCOD), carboxylesterase (CE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT). All markers are considered adaptive defence mechanism to face stress. Sensitivity to a model pesticide: dichlorvos was also contrasted in vitro in muscular acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and hepatic CE to reveal species sensitivity to neurotoxic chemicals. Enzymatic activities related to protective mechanisms such as butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), CE and CAT were higher in chub whereas the antioxidant defences GR and GPX were higher in barbel. Aerobic CS was also higher in barbel while anaerobic LDH was so in chub. EROD activity did not differ between the two species but BFCOD activity was higher in barbel. Levels of PFAS were higher in barbel likely due to its benthic habitat. The in vitro tests revealed higher sensitivity to dichlorvos of muscular AChE in chub (lower IC50) which was probably compensated by a higher catalytic efficiency of CE. All these former biochemical particularities are discussed in terms of fish ecological performance in front of anthropogenic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Solé
- Institute of Marine Sciences, ICM-CSIC, Passeig marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Silvia Lacorte
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Vinyoles
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals (Vertebrats), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal, 643, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Briaudeau T, Zorita I, Izagirre U, Marigómez I. Biological responses and toxicopathic effects elicited in Solea senegalensis juveniles on exposure to contaminated sediments under laboratory conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:138849. [PMID: 32408203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whole-sediment toxicity assays contribute to elucidating the intricate association between the presence of contaminants in sediments and their toxicopathic effects in benthic fish. In the present study, Solea senegalensis juveniles were exposed under laboratory conditions to contaminated whole-sediments for 7 and 28 days. Sediments were obtained from a low to moderately polluted estuary, a highly polluted harbour and from the mixture of both field-collected sediments. Biometry data were recorded. Liver, brain, gills, and gonads were dissected out and processed to determine markers of oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and lysosomal biomarkers, and histopathology. Analyses of sediment granulometry and chemical profiles indicated different degrees of toxicity and suggested a distinct release of pollutants from each sediment in relation with their physicochemical properties. Interestingly, biological responses were in agreement with contaminant levels reported in source sediments. The most distinct toxicopathic effects were detected upon exposure to the harbour's sediment and particularly on day 28. Overall, enhanced hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activity and lysosomal enlargement were detected in all experimental groups, demonstrating a toxic effect from all sediments whilst catalase inhibition, lysosomal membrane destabilisation, changes in lysosomal content and liver histopathology were most pronounced in soles exposed to the harbour's sediment. The Integrative Biomarker Response index (IBR/n) evidenced that exposure to the three sediments caused an impact of diverse magnitude in sole health (IBR/nHarbour > IBR/nMixture > IBR/nEstuary). The magnitude of biological responses essentially depended on the presence of contaminants in source sediments, which seemed to be altered by the conditions imposed by whole-sediment toxicity assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tifanie Briaudeau
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Izaskun Zorita
- AZTI, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia-Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ionan Marigómez
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; CBET Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country, Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
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Briaudeau T, Zorita I, Cuevas N, Franco J, Marigómez I, Izagirre U. Multi-annual survey of health status disturbance in the Bilbao estuary (Bay of Biscay) based on sediment chemistry and juvenile sole (Solea spp.) histopathology. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 145:126-137. [PMID: 31590768 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Bilbao estuary (SE Bay of Biscay) is a recovering ecosystem whose sediments are still contaminated. They represent a potential risk for the biota including benthic and demersal species living in direct contact with the sediment. In this context, the present study aims to survey trends of the health status of the Bilbao estuary based on sediment chemistry and sole (Solea spp.) histopathology. Monitoring campaigns were carried out every autumn from 2011 to 2017 along the estuary. Contaminant levels were measured in sediments; liver, gills and gonads of juvenile fish were collected for histopathology. Overall, contaminant levels fluctuated throughout the years, with highest values recorded in the earlier years of the study period. Sole histopathology showed alterations of mild severity. Results permitted to assess the environmental health status of the Bilbao estuary during 7 years, although no clear temporal trend was detected. Longer-term monitoring programmes are necessary to confirm the ecosystem recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Briaudeau
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain
| | - I Zorita
- AZTI, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - N Cuevas
- AZTI, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - J Franco
- AZTI, Herrera Kaia, Portualdea z/g, 20110 Pasaia, Spain
| | - I Marigómez
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - U Izagirre
- CBET Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain
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Solé M, Mañanós E, Blázquez M. Vitellogenin, sex steroid levels and gonadal biomarkers in wild Solea solea and Solea senegalensis from NW Mediterranean fishing grounds. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 117:63-74. [PMID: 27088613 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Specimens of Solea solea and Solea senegalenesis at different developmental stages were obtained from seven fishing grounds along the NW Mediterranean. Gonad development in males was classified into five stages, from early spermatogenesis to recovery, while four stages were considered in females, from growth to maturation. Vitellogenin (VTG) and sex steroid levels including an estrogen (estradiol, E2), two androgens (testosterone, T and 11-ketotestosterone, 11KT) and a progestin (17,20β-dihydroxy pregn-4-en-3-one, 17,20β-P or maturation inducing steroid, MIS) were analysed in plasma. Their levels were more clearly related to the developmental stage of the gonads than to the sampling site characteristics. In addition, enzyme activities in gonads, such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carboxylesterase (CbE) were gender-dependent and higher in males than in females. Gonadal glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was enhanced in the most anthropogenic impacted sites. VTG was absent in males and very low or undetectable in immature females, while mature females exhibited high VTG levels, clearly related to the gonado-somatic index. Sex steroid levels (ng/ml) varied in males and females regardless of the species. E2 levels in females ranged from 0.22 to 6.98 while in males ranged from 0.11 to 0.27. T varied from 0.12 to 0.93 in females and from 0.56 to 1.36 in males, while 11KT in females fluctuated from 0.03 to 0.57 and from 0.26 to 6.42 in males. Similarly, MIS in females ranged from 0.75 to 3.71 and from 1.12 to 5.61 in males. The lack of endocrine disturbances was confirmed by histological examination of the gonads. This study informs on basal sex hormone levels and enzyme activities during gonadal maturation of wild Solea spp. that can be useful in the identification and further remediation of possible pollution events.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Solé
- Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - E Mañanós
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Ribera de Cabanes s/n, 12595, Torre de la Sal, Castellón, Spain
| | - M Blázquez
- Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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Siscar R, Varó I, Solé M. Hepatic and branchial xenobiotic biomarker responses in Solea spp. from several NW Mediterranean fishing grounds. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 112:35-43. [PMID: 26392351 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The common sole, Solea solea and the Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis are two important commercial benthic species that coexist in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Several common biomarkers of chemical exposure were measured in two organs (liver and gills) involved in a different degree in biotransformation and detoxification processes. These parameters were: phase I cytochrome P450 CYP1A-dependent ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and carboxylesterase activities, phase II glutathione S-transferase activity and the enzymatic antioxidants: catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) considering biometric variables (size and weight) and all liver and gill biomarkers discriminated at a certain extent individuals of both species collected at the different fishing grounds. Esterase inhibition by the organophosphorus pesticides dichlorvos and diazinon was also compared in vitro in muscle, liver and gill of the two species revealing a differential sensitivity. The use of benthic sole in pollution monitoring of Southern Europe is discussed as local sentinel in respect to other benthic fish from more Northern latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Siscar
- Departamento Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50 Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - I Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), 12595 Ribera de Cabanes, Castellón, Spain
| | - M Solé
- Institut de Ciencies del Mar (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
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Barhoumi B, Clérandeau C, Gourves PY, Le Menach K, El Megdiche Y, Peluhet L, Budzinski H, Baudrimont M, Driss MR, Cachot J. Pollution biomonitoring in the Bizerte lagoon (Tunisia), using combined chemical and biomarker analyses in grass goby, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus (Teleostei, Gobiidae). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 101:184-195. [PMID: 25106667 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, biological responses and contaminant levels in biological tissues were investigated in grass goby fish specimens (Zosterisessor ophiocephalus) collected from five stations in a moderately polluted ecosystem, namely the Bizerte lagoon on the north coast of Tunisia. The following biomarkers were measured: muscular acetylcholinesterase (AChE), hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), lipoperoxidation (TBARS), condition factor (CF), and hepatosomatic index (HSI). These measurements were taken in parallel with the content of Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace metals (As, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, V, Zn, Ag, Cd, Co and Ni) in muscle tissue. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 20.09 ± 0.68 to 105.77 ± 42.58 ng g(-1) dw, PCB from 33.19 ± 6.25 to 126.28 ± 7.37 ng g(-1) dw, OCP from 11.26 ± 1.62 to 19.17 ± 2.06 ng g(-1) dw, and metals from 107.83 ± 1.83 to 187.21 ± 2.00 mg/kg dw. The highest levels of pollutants and biomarkers were observed at station S1, located in the Bizerte channel. Elevated EROD, GST and CAT activities, as well as TBARS levels in liver were positively correlated with tissue contaminant levels at station S1. Significant negative correlations were also found between hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) body burden with AChE activity in muscle at station S2. The integration of biological responses and contaminant tissue content indicated that certain areas of the Bizerte lagoon, notably station S1, are significantly impacted by various human activities, which likely represent a threat for aquatic wildlife. On the basis of these results, and due to its ecological characteristics, the grass goby appears a suitable indicator species for pollution biomonitoring in coastal marine areas along the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreddine Barhoumi
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (05/UR/12-03), University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia; University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Clérandeau
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Gourves
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Karyn Le Menach
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Yassine El Megdiche
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (05/UR/12-03), University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Laurent Peluhet
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Budzinski
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Magalie Baudrimont
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Mohamed Ridha Driss
- Laboratory of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (05/UR/12-03), University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, 7021, Zarzouna, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR EPOC 5805, avenue des Facultés, 33405 Talence Cedex, France.
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Siscar R, Torreblanca A, Palanques A, Solé M. Metal concentrations and detoxification mechanisms in Solea solea and Solea senegalensis from NW Mediterranean fishing grounds. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 77:90-99. [PMID: 24215996 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The common sole, Solea solea and the Senegalese sole, Solea senegalensis are two important commercial species that coexist in the NW Mediterranean Sea. The present field survey was designed to assess the role of kidney in metal handling and detoxification in the two sole species collected at six fishing grounds along the Catalan coast. Metallothionein (MT) and selenium (Se) were analysed in relation to toxic metal loads in kidney as potential protective mechanisms. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities as well as lipid peroxidation (LP) levels were measured in several tissues as general markers of toxicity. AChE was measured in brain muscle and gills, LDH in plasma and LP in muscle and gills. The protective role of MT and Se was indicated by the positive correlations with Hg and Cd levels as well as with the high Se:Hg ratio, in a species-dependent way. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) considering all chemical and biomarker variables discriminated individuals collected at the different fishing grounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Siscar
- Departamento Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
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Koenig S, Guillén K, Solé M. Comparative xenobiotic metabolism capacities and pesticide sensitivity in adults of Solea solea and Solea senegalensis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 157:329-36. [PMID: 23474500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of enzymatic activities involved in xenobiotic biotransformation was carried out in adults of Solea solea and Solea senegalensis. The hepatic enzymes analysed were cytochrome P450 (CYP) related activities using eight fluorometric substrates and carboxylesterases (CbE). The conjugating activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and UPD-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT) were also assessed. Specific mammalian inhibitors were used as diagnostic tools for related activities of CYP1A (α-naphthoflavone; αNF), CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 (ticlopidine) and CYP3A4 (ketoconazole). The in vitro sensitivity to organophosphorous pesticides (OP) was tested in the S10 homogenate of brain (acetylcholinesterase-AChE) and liver (CbE). Furthermore, the pesticide chlorpyrifos oxon (CLPO) was used to explore the OP sensitivity of CbE of both species in two subcellular fractions (microsomes and cytosol), using two substrates. Overall, only two parameters confirmed species differences: EROD and cytosolic CbE being significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in the common sole, S. solea. A high inhibition of CYP1A related activities using several fluorometric substrates (ER, MR and CEC) after in vitro incubation with αNF confirmed all measure CYP1A1-related activities whereas ketoconazole was more specific for BFCOD (CYP3A4). Pesticide sensitivity was similar for brain AChE but hepatic CbE had a protective role that was species and pesticide dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Koenig
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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