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Klemm K, Cembella A, Clarke D, Cusack C, Arneborg L, Karlson B, Liu Y, Naustvoll L, Siano R, Gran-Stadniczeñko S, John U. Apparent biogeographical trends in Alexandrium blooms for northern Europe: identifying links to climate change and effective adaptive actions. HARMFUL ALGAE 2022; 119:102335. [PMID: 36344194 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium Halim represents perhaps the most significant and intensively studied genus with respect to species diversity, life history strategies, toxigenicity, biogeographical distribution, and global magnitude and consequences harmful algal blooms (HABs). The socioeconomic impacts, environmental and human health risks, and mitigation strategies for toxigenic Alexandrium blooms have also been explored in recent years. Human adaptive actions based on future scenarios of bloom dynamics and shifts in biogeographical distribution under climate-change parameters remain under development and not yet implemented on a regional scale. In the CoCliME (Co-development of climate services for adaptation to changing marine ecosystems) project these issues were addressed with respect to past, current and anticipated future status of key HAB genera and expected benefits of enhanced monitoring. Data on the distribution and frequency of Alexandrium blooms related to paralytic shellfish toxin (PST) events from key CoCliME Case Study areas, comprising the North Sea and adjacent Kattegat-Skagerrak, Norwegian Sea, and Baltic Sea, and eastern North Atlantic marginal seas, were evaluated in a contemporary and historical context over the past several decades. The first evidence of possible biogeographical expansion of Alexandrium taxa into eastern Arctic gateways was provided from DNA barcoding signatures. Various key climate change indicators, such as salinity, temperature, and water-column stratification, relevant to Alexandrium bloom initiation and development were identified. The possible influence of changing variables on bloom dynamics, magnitude, frequency and spatial and temporal distribution were interpreted in the context of regional ocean climate models. These climate change impact indicators may play key roles in selecting for the occurrence and diversity of Alexandrium species within the broader microeukaryote communities. For example, shifts to higher temperature and lower salinity regimes predicted for the southern North Sea indicate the potential for increased Alexandrium blooms, currently absent from this area. Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of Alexandrium blooms and effects on fisheries and aquaculture resources and coastal ecosystem function are evaluated, and, where feasible, effective adaptation strategies are proposed herein as emerging climate services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Klemm
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Allan Cembella
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany
| | - Dave Clarke
- Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Lars Arneborg
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda, SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Bengt Karlson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda, SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Ye Liu
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Research and development, oceanography, Sven Källfelts gata 15, Västra Frölunda, SE-426 71, Sweden
| | - Lars Naustvoll
- Institute of Marine Research, PO Box 1870 Nordnes, Bergen NO-5817, Norway
| | | | - Sandra Gran-Stadniczeñko
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066, Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Uwe John
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, Oldenburg 26129, Germany.
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Zhang C, Chen Q, Liu F, Liu Y, Wang Y, Chen G. Rapid detection of Chattonella marina by PCR combined with dot lateral flow strip. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY 2022; 34:449-460. [PMID: 35079200 PMCID: PMC8778489 DOI: 10.1007/s10811-021-02667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study a novel technique referred to as PCR combined with dot lateral flow strip (PCDS) is proposed and its application to the detection of harmful microalgae was explored. For this purpose, using Chattonella marina as a test algal species, PCR targeting the D1-D2 region of large subunit ribosomal gene of this alga was performed with the tagged specific primers. The amplicons were then analyzed with the manually prepared dot lateral flow strip, and the strip could produce a test dot and a control dot that are naked-eye detectable, indicating the successful establishment of PCDS. The established PCDS assay does not require expensive instruments for the detection, and the results can be observed visually after adding 7.5 μL of PCR amplicons in combination with 92.5 μL of chromatography buffer to the sample pad of the strip for about 10 min. The PCR conditions were optimized to enhance the effectiveness of detection. The cross-reactivity test with 23 microalgae species, including Chattonella marina, showed good specificity of the PCDS. The detection limit of PCDS was 1.25 × 10-2 ng µL-1 for genomic DNA and 101 cells mL-1 for crude cell extracts, which can meet the detection needs. In summary, the PCDS proposed in this study has low cost, clear, and intuitive detection results and good specificity and sensitivity, providing a novel detection method for C. marina. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10811-021-02667-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Zhang
- College of Oceanology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209 People’s Republic of China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 264209 People’s Republic of China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qixin Chen
- College of Oceanology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- College of Oceanology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209 People’s Republic of China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 264209 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Liu
- College of Oceanology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Oceanology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guofu Chen
- College of Oceanology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai), Weihai, 264209 People’s Republic of China
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 264209 People’s Republic of China
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 2# Shandong Province China
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Li XD, Yan T, Zhang QC, Yu RC, Zhou MJ. Inhibition to crucial enzymes in the lethal effects of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 157:104866. [PMID: 32275503 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.104866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi have cause great financial losses to the marine aquaculture industry. However, the toxicity mechanism of this species is still not fully known. In this study, we evaluated the short-term effects of K. mikimotoi on the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis by micro and sub micro observing and by measuring inhibition of crucial enzymes. Behaviour disorder, mucus production, corona and cilium damage, vesical production, and body shrinkage occurred within 1 h after rotifers were treated with K. mikimotoi at a density of 3 × 104 cells/mL. Enzyme activity assays showed that K. mikimotoi at low densities significantly inhibited multiple enzymes within 3 h, and obvious density-effect trends were also observed. For instance, activity of esterase and acetylcholinesterase of rotifers significantly decreased to 94.3/83.3% and 82.8/66.9% of control treatment values in 30 and 1000 cells/mL algal treatment, respectively. Total ATPase and Na+-K+-ATPase activities of rotifers also decreased to 82.3% and 68.6% of control values in 1000 cells/mL treatment. The LDH releasement test and MDA tests showed no significant difference between algae treatment and control. It suggested that K. mikimotoi might not cause significant cytolysis and oxidative damage to rotifers, but may cause mortality by inhibiting the activity of crucial enzymes, which may lead to cell permeability disorder and body shrinkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Tian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Qing-Chun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Ren-Cheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Ming-Jiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
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Li X, Yan T, Yu R, Zhou M. A review of karenia mikimotoi: Bloom events, physiology, toxicity and toxic mechanism. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 90:101702. [PMID: 31806160 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.101702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Karenia mikimotoi is a worldwide bloom-forming dinoflagellate in the genus Karenia. Blooms of this alga have been observed since the 1930s and have caused mass mortalities of fish, shellfish, and other invertebrates in the coastal waters of many countries, including Japan, Norway, Ireland, and New Zealand. This species has frequently bloomed in China, causing great financial losses (more than 2 billion yuan, Fujian Province, 2012). K. mikimotoi can adapt to various light, temperature, salinity, and nutrient conditions, which together with its complex life history, strong motility, and density-dependent allelopathy, allows it to form blooms that are lethal to almost all marine organisms. However, its toxicity differs between subspecies and some target-species-specific toxicity has also been recorded. Significant gill disorder is observed in affected fish, to which the massive fish kills are attributed, rather than to the hypoxia that occurs in the fading stage of a bloom. However, although this species is haemolytic and cytotoxic, and generates reactive oxygen species, none of the isolated toxins or lipophilic extracts have toxic effects as extreme as those of the intact algal cells. The toxic effects of K. mikimotoi are strongly related to contact with intact cells. Several reasonable hypotheses of how and why this species blooms and causes mass mortalities have been proposed, but further research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China.
| | - Tian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | - Rencheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China; Centre for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Mingjiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266071, China
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Danchenko S, Fragoso B, Guillebault D, Icely J, Berzano M, Newton A. Harmful phytoplankton diversity and dynamics in an upwelling region (Sagres, SW Portugal) revealed by ribosomal RNA microarray combined with microscopy. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 82:52-71. [PMID: 30928011 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study region in Sagres, SW Portugal, is subject to natural eutrophication of coastal waters by wind-driven upwelling, which stimulates high primary productivity facilitating the recent economic expansion of bivalve aquaculture in the region. However, this economic activity is threatened by harmful algal blooms (HAB) caused by the diatoms Pseudo-nitzschia spp., Dinophysis spp. and other HAB dinoflagellates, all of which can produce toxins, that can induce Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP), Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP) and Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP). This study couples traditional microscopy with 18S/28S rRNA microarray to improve the detection of HAB species and investigates the relation between HAB and the specific oceanographic conditions in the region. Good agreement was obtained between microscopy and microarray data for diatoms of genus Pseudo-nitzschia and dinoflagellates Dinophysis spp., Gymnodinium catenatum and raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo, with less effective results for Prorocentrum. Microarray provided detection of flagellates Prymnesium spp., Pseudochattonella spp., Chloromorum toxicum and the important HAB dinoflagellates of the genera Alexandrium and Azadinium, with the latter being one of the first records from the study region. Seasonality and upwelling induced by northerly winds were found to be the driving forces of HAB development, with Pseudo-nitzschia spp. causing the risk of ASP during spring and summer upwelling season, and dinoflagellates causing the risk of DSP and PSP during upwelling relaxation, mainly in summer and autumn. The findings were in agreement with the results from toxicity monitoring of shellfish by the Portuguese Institute for Sea and Atmosphere and confirm the suitability of the RNA microarray method for HABs detection and aquaculture management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Danchenko
- CIMA - Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, University of Cadiz, Campus de Puerto Real, Polígono San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510, Cadiz, Spain.
| | - Bruno Fragoso
- CIMA - Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, University of Cadiz, Campus de Puerto Real, Polígono San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510, Cadiz, Spain; Sagremarisco Lda., Apartado 21, Vila do Bispo, 8650-999, Portugal
| | | | - John Icely
- CIMA - Centre for Marine and Environmental Research, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; Sagremarisco Lda., Apartado 21, Vila do Bispo, 8650-999, Portugal
| | - Marco Berzano
- Polytechnic University of Marche, Piazza Roma, 22, 60121 Ancona, AN, Italy
| | - Alice Newton
- FCT - University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal; NILU-IMPEC, Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway
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Toldrà A, Jauset-Rubio M, Andree KB, Fernández-Tejedor M, Diogène J, Katakis I, O'Sullivan CK, Campàs M. Detection and quantification of the toxic marine microalgae Karlodinium veneficum and Karlodinium armiger using recombinase polymerase amplification and enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1039:140-148. [PMID: 30322545 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Karlodinium is a dinoflagellate responsible for fish-killing events worldwide. In Alfacs Bay (NW Mediterranean Sea), the presence of two Karlodinium species (K. veneficum and K. armiger) with different toxicities has been reported. This work presents a method that combines recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with an enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA) to identify, discriminate and quantify these two species. The system was characterised using synthetic DNA and genomic DNA, and the specificity was confirmed by cross-reactivity experiments. Calibration curves were constructed using 10-fold dilutions of cultured cells, attaining a limit of detection of around 50,000 cells/L, far below the Karlodinium spp. alert threshold (200,000 cells/L). Finally, the assay was applied to spiked seawater samples, showing an excellent correlation with the spiking levels and light microscopy counts. This approach is more rapid, specific and user-friendly than traditional microscopy techniques, and shows great promise for the surveillance and management of harmful algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Toldrà
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Míriam Jauset-Rubio
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ioanis Katakis
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ciara K O'Sullivan
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mònica Campàs
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain.
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Bowers HA, Marin R, Birch JM, Scholin CA. Sandwich hybridization probes for the detection of Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) species: An update to existing probes and a description of new probes. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 70:37-51. [PMID: 29169567 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
New sandwich hybridization assay (SHA) probes for detecting Pseudo-nitzschia species (P. arenysensis, P. fraudulenta, P. hasleana, P. pungens) are presented, along with updated cross-reactivity information on historical probes (SHA and FISH; fluorescence in situ hybridization) targeting P. australis and P. multiseries. Pseudo-nitzschia species are a cosmopolitan group of diatoms that produce varying levels of domoic acid (DA), a neurotoxin that can accumulate in finfish and shellfish and transfer throughout the food web. Consumption of infected food sources can lead to illness in humans (amnesic shellfish poisoning; ASP) and marine wildlife (domoic acid poisoning; DAP). The threat of human illness, along with economic loss from fishery closures has resulted in the implementation of monitoring protocols and intensive ecological studies. SHA probes have been instrumental in some of these efforts, as the technique performs well in complex heterogeneous sample matrices and has been adapted to benchtop and deployable (Environmental Sample Processor) platforms. The expanded probe set will enhance future efforts towards understanding spatial, temporal and successional patterns in species during bloom and non-bloom periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Bowers
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
| | - Roman Marin
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
| | - James M Birch
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
| | - Christopher A Scholin
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA.
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8
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Bresnan E, Fryer RJ, Fraser S, Smith N, Stobo L, Brown N, Turrell E. The relationship between Pseudo-nitzschia (Peragallo) and domoic acid in Scottish shellfish. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 63:193-202. [PMID: 28366394 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia (Peragallo) associated with the production of domoic acid (DA), the toxin reposnsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning, is abundant in Scottish waters. A two year study examined the relationship between Pseudo-nitzschia cells in the water column and DA concentration in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) at two sites, and king scallops (Pecten maximus) at one site. The rate of DA uptake and depuration differed greatly between the two species with M. edulis whole tissue accumulating and depurating 7μgg-1 (now expressed as mgkg-1) per week. In contrast, it took 12 weeks for DA to depurate from P. maximus gonad tissue from a concentration of 68μgg-1 (now mgkg-1) to <20μgg-1 (now mgkg-1). The DA depuration rate from P. maximus whole tissue was <5% per week during both years of the study. Correlations between the Pseudo-nitzschia cell densities and toxin concentrations were weak to moderate for M. edulis and weak for P. maximus. Seasonal diversity on a species level was observed within the Pseudo-nitzschia genus at both sites with more DA toxicity associated with summer/autumn Pseudo-nitzschia blooms when P. australis was observed in phytoplankton samples. This study reveals the marked difference in DA uptake and depuration in two shellfish species of commercial importance in Scotland. The use of these shellfish species to act as a proxy for DA in the environment still requires investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bresnan
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK.
| | - R J Fryer
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
| | - S Fraser
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
| | - N Smith
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
| | - L Stobo
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
| | - N Brown
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
| | - E Turrell
- Marine Scotland Science, Marine Laboratory, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen, AB11 9DB, UK
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McNamee SE, Medlin LK, Kegel J, McCoy GR, Raine R, Barra L, Ruggiero MV, Kooistra WHCF, Montresor M, Hagstrom J, Blanco EP, Graneli E, Rodríguez F, Escalera L, Reguera B, Dittami S, Edvardsen B, Taylor J, Lewis JM, Pazos Y, Elliott CT, Campbell K. Distribution, occurrence and biotoxin composition of the main shellfish toxin producing microalgae within European waters: A comparison of methods of analysis. HARMFUL ALGAE 2016; 55:112-120. [PMID: 28073524 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a natural global phenomena emerging in severity and extent. Incidents have many economic, ecological and human health impacts. Monitoring and providing early warning of toxic HABs are critical for protecting public health. Current monitoring programmes include measuring the number of toxic phytoplankton cells in the water and biotoxin levels in shellfish tissue. As these efforts are demanding and labour intensive, methods which improve the efficiency are essential. This study compares the utilisation of a multitoxin surface plasmon resonance (multitoxin SPR) biosensor with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and analytical methods such as high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for toxic HAB monitoring efforts in Europe. Seawater samples (n=256) from European waters, collected 2009-2011, were analysed for biotoxins: saxitoxin and analogues, okadaic acid and dinophysistoxins 1/2 (DTX1/DTX2) and domoic acid responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) and amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), respectively. Biotoxins were detected mainly in samples from Spain and Ireland. France and Norway appeared to have the lowest number of toxic samples. Both the multitoxin SPR biosensor and the RNA microarray were more sensitive at detecting toxic HABs than standard light microscopy phytoplankton monitoring. Correlations between each of the detection methods were performed with the overall agreement, based on statistical 2×2 comparison tables, between each testing platform ranging between 32% and 74% for all three toxin families illustrating that one individual testing method may not be an ideal solution. An efficient early warning monitoring system for the detection of toxic HABs could therefore be achieved by combining both the multitoxin SPR biosensor and RNA microarray.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E McNamee
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Linda K Medlin
- Marine Biological Association of UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK
| | - Jessica Kegel
- Marine Biological Association of UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK
| | - Gary R McCoy
- Martin Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Robin Raine
- Martin Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lucia Barra
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Marina Montresor
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Johannes Hagstrom
- Linnaeus University, Marine Ecology Department, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Eva Perez Blanco
- Linnaeus University, Marine Ecology Department, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Edna Graneli
- Linnaeus University, Marine Ecology Department, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Laura Escalera
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Reguera
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390 Vigo, Spain
| | - Simon Dittami
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Edvardsen
- University of Oslo, Department of Biosciences, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Joe Taylor
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Jane M Lewis
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Yolanda Pazos
- INTECMAR, Peirao de Vilaxoán, Villagarcía de Arosa 36611, Spain
| | - Christopher T Elliott
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK
| | - Katrina Campbell
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
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10
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Bowers HA, Marin R, Birch JM, Scholin CA, Doucette GJ. Recovery and identification of Pseudo-nitzschia (Bacillariophyceae) frustules from natural samples acquired using the environmental sample processor. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2016; 52:135-140. [PMID: 26987095 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many species within the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia are difficult to distinguish without applying molecular analytical or microscopy-based methods. DNA, antibody and lectin probes have previously been used to provide rapid and specific detection of species and strains in complex field assemblages. Recently, however, well-documented cryptic genetic diversity within the group has confounded results of DNA probe tests in particular. Moreover, the number of species descriptions within the genus continues to increase, as do insights into toxin production by both new and previously described species. Therefore, a combination of classical morphological techniques and modern molecular methodologies is needed to resolve ecophysiological traits of Pseudo-nitzschia species. Here, we present an approach to recover and identify frustules from sample collection filters used for toxin analysis onboard the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP), an in situ sample collection and analytical platform. This approach provides a new and powerful tool for correlating species presence with toxin detected remotely and in situ by the ESP, and has the potential to be applied broadly to other sampling configurations. This new technique will contribute to a better understanding of naturally occurring Pseudo-nitzschia community structure with respect to observed domoic acid outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Bowers
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, California, 95039, USA
| | - Roman Marin
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, California, 95039, USA
| | - James M Birch
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, California, 95039, USA
| | - Christopher A Scholin
- Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, California, 95039, USA
| | - Gregory J Doucette
- Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA/National Ocean Service, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412, USA
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11
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Chen GF, Zhang CY, Wang YY, Chen W. Application of reverse dot blot hybridization to simultaneous detection and identification of harmful algae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:10516-10528. [PMID: 25731086 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Warning and monitoring projects of harmful algal blooms require simple and rapid methods for simultaneous and accurate detection and identification of causative algae present in the environmental samples. Here, reverse dot blot hybridization (RDBH) was employed to simultaneously detect several harmful algae by using five representative bloom-forming microalgae along the Chinese coast. A set of specific probes for RDBH were developed by PCR, cloning, and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), alignment analysis, and probe design. Each probe was oligo (dT)-tailed and spotted onto positively charged nylon membrane to make up a low-density oligonucleotide array. Universal primers designed within the conserved regions were used to amplify the ITS sequences by using genomic DNA of target as templates. The digoxigenin (Dig)-labeled PCR products were denatured and then hybridized to the oligonucleotide array. The array produced a unique hybridization pattern for each target species differentiating them from each other. The preparations of oligonucleotide array and hybridization conditions were optimized. The developed RDBH demonstrated a detection limit up to 10 cells. The detection performance of RDBH was relatively stable and not affected by non-target species and the fixation time of target species over at least 30 days. The RDBH could recover all the target species from the simulated field samples and target species confirmed by the subsequent microscopy examination in the environmental samples. These results indicate that RDBH can be a new technical platform for parallel discrimination of harmful algae and is promising for environmental monitoring of these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Fu Chen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Wenhua West Road, 2#, Weihai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhang C, Chen G, Ma C, Wang Y, Zhang B, Wang G. Parallel detection of harmful algae using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction labeling coupled with membrane-based DNA array. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:4565-4575. [PMID: 24338073 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2416-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a global problem, which can cause economic loss to aquaculture industry's and pose a potential threat to human health. More attention must be made on the development of effective detection methods for the causative microalgae. The traditional microscopic examination has many disadvantages, such as low efficiency, inaccuracy, and requires specialized skill in identification and especially is incompetent for parallel analysis of several morphologically similar microalgae to species level at one time. This study aimed at exploring the feasibility of using membrane-based DNA array for parallel detection of several microalgae by selecting five microaglae, including Heterosigma akashiwo, Chaetoceros debilis, Skeletonema costatum, Prorocentrum donghaiense, and Nitzschia closterium as test species. Five species-specific (taxonomic) probes were designed from variable regions of the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) by visualizing the alignment of LSU rDNA of related species. The specificity of the probes was confirmed by dot blot hybridization. The membrane-based DNA array was prepared by spotting the tailed taxonomic probes onto positively charged nylon membrane. Digoxigenin (Dig) labeling of target molecules was performed by multiple PCR/RT-PCR using RNA/DNA mixture of five microalgae as template. The Dig-labeled amplification products were hybridized with the membrane-based DNA array to produce visible hybridization signal indicating the presence of target algae. Detection sensitivity comparison showed that RT-PCR labeling (RPL) coupled with hybridization was tenfold more sensitive than DNA-PCR-labeling-coupled with hybridization. Finally, the effectiveness of RPL coupled with membrane-based DNA array was validated by testing with simulated and natural water samples, respectively. All of these results indicated that RPL coupled with membrane-based DNA array is specific, simple, and sensitive for parallel detection of microalgae which shows promise for monitoring natural samples in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyun Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, 264209, People's Republic of China
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