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Ebadzadeh F, Monavari SM, Jozi SA, Robati M, Rahimi R. An integrated of fuzzy-WASPAS and E-FMEA methods for environmental risk assessment: a case study of petrochemical industry, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:40315-40326. [PMID: 36609969 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to the scope and volume of activities, the petrochemical industry has a high potential for risk to humans and the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the environmental risks caused by the ammonia and urea production process. To screen the risks identified in the follow-up phase, the process hazard analysis (PHA) was used. The environmental aspects were also assessed using environmental failure mode and effects analysis (EFMEA). The most significant environmental aspect with a Risk Priority Number (RPN) of 100 was related to CO2 emissions from the disposal tower. To rank the final aspects, the criteria "severity," "probability of occurrence," "probability of detection," and the "extent of contamination" were first weighed by the fuzzy Shannon entropy method. Then, each aspect was prioritized based on the mentioned criteria and using fuzzy Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS). According to this technique, among the 24 environmental aspects, the highest score (with a value of 0.702) was given to CO2 emissions from the disposal tower. Finally, suggestions were made to mitigate the risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhondeh Ebadzadeh
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Monavari
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ali Jozi
- Department of Environment, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Robati
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Rahimi
- Department of Environment, Food Security Research Institute, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
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Gavrilidis AA, Nita A, Rozylowicz L. Past local industrial disasters and involvement of NGOs stimulate public participation in transboundary Environmental Impact Assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116271. [PMID: 36162314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) emerged as a regulatory procedure and is now implemented worldwide. EIA aims to increase the sustainability of economic activities by decreasing the impact on environmental components. Transparency of the evaluation process is a key feature of the procedure, and this is achieved predominantly by encouraging participation in public debates. Public participation is essential for EIA's effectiveness, particularly in transboundary projects. This study evaluates whether media coverage of certain projects with transboundary environmental impacts increases public participation during EIA. We analyzed how online media covered the stories about four major projects subject to the EIA procedure in Romania (i.e., reactors 3 and 4 of Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant, Oltenita used oil recycling facility, Certej mining project, management of Moldova Noua tailing ponds). We focused on articles published between 2010 and 2020, covering stories about the four projects. We further extracted the stakeholders involved in the projects using social network analysis. We extracted the main topics of articles discussing the four projects using deep categorization tools. The polarities of titles and contents of the articles were assessed using sentiment analysis tools. Our findings indicate that EIA is a media subject only when NGOs become important actors in the process and the industry generated local industrial disasters in the past; otherwise, the media rarely debate the environmental impact of projects. Without NGO reactions, Romanian readers are fed with political and economic aspects driven by large projects rather than environmental issues. The outcome of the current study is significant for understanding what triggers NGOs and the media to take a stand against major projects. Projects involving activities that generated ecological disasters in Romania's recent history are strongly opposed by NGOs and the public. In such cases, environmental and EIA topics are more often included in media stories. However, projects with undeniable environmental impact but without a negative background in Romania do not reach the public agenda, and the media stories do not focus on environmental aspects either, leading to limited public participation within the EIA procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreea Nita
- Centre for Environmental Research and Impact Studies, University of Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Laurentiu Rozylowicz
- Centre for Environmental Research and Impact Studies, University of Bucharest, Romania
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Nita A, Hossu CA, Mitincu CG, Iojă IC. A review of the quality of environmental impact statements with a focus on urban projects from Romania. ECOL INFORM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2022.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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A GIS Software Module for Environmental Impact Assessment of the Open Pit Mining Projects for Small Mining Operators in Kazakhstan. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13126971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This research article presents a software module for the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of open pit mines. The EIA software module has been developed based on the comprehensive examination of both country-specific (namely, Kazakhstan) and current international regulatory frameworks, legislation and EIA methodologies. EIA frameworks and methods have been critically evaluated, and mathematical models have been developed and implemented in the GIS software module ‘3D Quarry’. The proposed methodology and software module allows for optimised EIA calculations of open pit mines, aiming to minimise the negative impacts on the environment. The study presents an original methodology laid out as a basis for a software module for environmental impact assessment on atmosphere, water basins, soil and subsoil, tailored to the context of mining operations in Kazakhstan. The proposed software module offers an alternative to commercial off-the-shelf software packages currently used in the mining industry and is suitable for small mining operators in post-Soviet countries. It is anticipated that applications of the proposed software module will enable the transition to sustainable development in the Kazakh mining industry.
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Neamtu R, Sluser B, Plavan O, Teodosiu C. Environmental monitoring and impact assessment of Prut River cross-border pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:340. [PMID: 33991242 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cross-border rivers management is a challenge for the involved countries, especially if they do not have the same type of legislation. The negative effects on water quality are quantified by using environmental impact assessment tools. Thus, the quantification of impacts that could affect the human health, ecosystem equilibrium, and biodiversity is based on monitoring of the water quality indicators. An increased attention should be paid to the toxic pollutants resulted from various activities that may affect the aquatic environment and human health on short and long term. This study approaches the cross-border impact assessment of heavy metals, organic, and nutrient pollution in the case of two countries (Romania and Republic of Moldova), the Prut River being the natural border. The methodology considered a specific area of the Prut River on both river sides, based on specific water quality indicators. The studied area covers sampling points from North to South within Iasi County and Republic of Moldova, in the Prut River cross-border section. To assess the pollutants' impacts, the improved Leopold Matrix and the Rapid Impact Assessment Matrix were adapted and applied. The results offered an overview on water pollution level and impacts on the Prut River cross-border area, for the 5-year period (2015-2019). There is a major negative impact generated in the Southern part of the studied area, in the case of the following indicators: copper, selenium, organic substances, with an increased level of pollution recorded in the last 2 years (2018, 2019). The conclusion of this research is that even if both countries follow the international protocols concerning cross-border pollution, they still have to comply to different environmental standards which approach differently the pollution levels and the significant impacts on water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Neamtu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, 73 Prof. Dr. D. Mangeron Street, 700050, Iași, Romania
| | - Brindusa Sluser
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, 73 Prof. Dr. D. Mangeron Street, 700050, Iași, Romania.
| | - Oana Plavan
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, 73 Prof. Dr. D. Mangeron Street, 700050, Iași, Romania
| | - Carmen Teodosiu
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, "Cristofor Simionescu" Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iași, 73 Prof. Dr. D. Mangeron Street, 700050, Iași, Romania.
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Buch AC, Niemeyer JC, Marques ED, Silva-Filho EV. Ecological risk assessment of trace metals in soils affected by mine tailings. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123852. [PMID: 33264928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental impacts caused by mine dam ruptures or inappropriate tailing depositions represent a global concern. An ecological risk assessment was performed in 18 areas affected by the collapse of a major mining dam in southeastern Brazil, in two monitoring periods (2015 and 2018). In these areas, pedogeochemical surveys, and ecological risk levels were determinate. In addition, ecotoxicological assays with Proisotoma minuta (Collembola) were carried out in laboratory. Soil screening values indicated that all contaminated areas were above regional reference values for soil quality for at least one metal (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn), likewise exceeding threshold values for potential ecological and human health risks. In two monitoring years, significant ecotoxicity in the avoidance and reproduction of P. minuta (> 60 % and >80 %, respectively) were evidenced in most soils; and lethal responses in some areas like Córrego Novo, Governador Valadares and Tumiritinga. Results suggest changes in soil physical-chemical properties due to tailing deposition, thus affecting soil dwellers. This study can elucidate the use of appropriate tools to ecological risk assessments, helping to identify the priority areas for defining remediation and monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Cristhy Buch
- Postgraduate Environmental Geochemistry Program, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Carina Niemeyer
- Postgraduate Program in Agricultural and Natural Ecosystems, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Center of Curitibanos, Rod. Ulysses Gabordi, Km 3, 89520-000, Curitibanos, SC, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Duarte Marques
- Researcher of Company of Research of Mineral Resources (CPRM) - Service Geological Survey of Brazil, Av. Brasil, 1731, Funcionários, 30140-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Emmanoel Vieira Silva-Filho
- Postgraduate Environmental Geochemistry Program, Fluminense Federal University, Outeiro São João Baptista, s/n., Centro, 24020-141, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in the mining industry in issues related to risk assessment and management, which is confirmed by a significant number of publications and reports devoted to these problems. However, theoretical and application studies have indicated that risk in mining should be analyzed not only in the human factor aspect, but also in strategic (environmental impact) and operational ones. However, there is a lack of research on systematic literature reviews and surveys of studies that would focus on these identified risk aspects simultaneously. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to develop a literature review in the area of analysis, assessment and risk management in the mining sector, published in the last decade and based on the concept of a human engineering system. Following this, a systematic search was performed with the use of Primo multi-search tool following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The main inclusion criteria were: (a) not older than 10 years, (b) article written in English, (c) publication type (scientific article, book, book chapter), (d) published in chosen electronic collections (Springer, Taylor and Francis, Elsevier, Science Direct, JSTOR). This resulted in the selection of the 94 most relevant papers in the area. First, the general bibliometric analysis was conducted. Later, the selected papers in this review were categorized into four groups and the critical review was developed. One of the main advantages of this study is that the results are obtained from different scientific sources/databases thanks to using a multi-search tool. Moreover, the authors identified the main research gaps in the area of the implementation of risk management in the mining industry.
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Rzymski P, Klimaszyk P, Marszelewski W, Borowiak D, Mleczek M, Nowiński K, Pius B, Niedzielski P, Poniedziałek B. The chemistry and toxicity of discharge waters from copper mine tailing impoundment in the valley of the Apuseni Mountains in Romania. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21445-21458. [PMID: 28744684 PMCID: PMC5579155 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper mining generates large quantities of waste, tailings, and acid outflows causing long-term environmental impacts and potential threats to human health. Valea Şesei is the largest tailing impoundment in Romania, created by flooding the valley (known as Valea Şesei) of the Metalliferous Mountains (a division of the Apuseni Mountains) with copper mining waste. The present study (i) estimated the total volume of tailings in this area; (ii) screened the concentration of 65 elements (rare earth and platinum group elements, alkali metals and alkali earth metals, transition and post-transition metals and metalloids) and cyanide concentrations in wastewater samples collected from tailing impoundment; (iii) evaluated the toxicity of these water samples using five in vitro bioassays employing human cells isolated from healthy donors and a short-term (1 h) exposure model. The sampled waters were highly acidic (pH 2.1-4.9) and had high electrical conductivity (2.80-15.61 mS cm-1). No cyanides were detected in any sample. Water samples collected from the stream (AMD) inflowing to the tailing impoundment were characterized by the greatest concentrations of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition and post-transition metals, metalloids, rare earth elements, and noble metal group. At other sites, the elemental concentrations were lower but remained high enough to pose a relevant risk. The greatest magnitude of in vitro toxic effects was induced by AMD. Observed alterations included redox imbalance in human neutrophils followed by lipid peroxidation and decreased cell survival, significant aggregation of red blood cells, and increased prothrombin time. The study highlights that Valea Şesei is a large sink for toxic elements, posing environmental and health risks, and requiring action to prevent further release of chemicals and to initiate restoration of the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Piotr Klimaszyk
- Department of Water Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | - Mirosław Mleczek
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamil Nowiński
- Department of Limnology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bożena Pius
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Niedzielski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Poniedziałek
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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Crude Oil Contaminated Sites: Evaluation by Using Risk Assessment Approach. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9081365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Graphical Methodology of Global Pollution Index for the Environmental Impact Assessment Using Two Environmental Components. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su9040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Németh J, Sebestyén V, Juzsakova T, Domokos E, Dióssy L, Le Phuoc C, Huszka P, Rédey Á. Methodology development on aquatic environmental assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:11126-11140. [PMID: 27796974 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Water Framework Directive aims at reaching the good ecological status of the surface and ground water bodies (László et al. Microchem J 85(1):65-71, 2007). The paper deals with quality evaluation of waters with special focus on the water chemistry parameters as defined in the Water Framework Directive and pertaining legal regulations. The purpose of this paper is to devise a quantitative type of water quality assessment method which could provide rapid, accurate, and reliable information on the quality of the surface waters by using water chemistry parameters. Quality classes have been defined for every water chemistry parameter in light of the legal limit values of the water parameters. In addition to this, weight indices were calculated on the basis of the outcome of the paired comparison of water chemistry parameters and normalized matrix. This was followed by the parametric level analysis of the water chemistry parameters, and finally, the aquatic environment index (AEI) was calculated, which provided general information on the quality of water regarding the water chemistry parameters. The method was illustrated on Lake Balaton, Hungary in which case water samples taken from Balatonfüred City lake area were analyzed and evaluated with the method devised.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Németh
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem St., Veszprém, 8200, Hungary.
| | | | | | - Endre Domokos
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem St., Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - László Dióssy
- Chianti 3D Kft, 12 Kittenberger Kálmán St., Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
| | - Cuong Le Phuoc
- The University of Danang-University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang St., Lien Chieu, Danang, Vietnam
| | - Péter Huszka
- Széchenyi István University, 1 Egyetem Sq., Győr, 9029, Hungary
| | - Ákos Rédey
- University of Pannonia, 10 Egyetem St., Veszprém, 8200, Hungary
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Neamtiu IA, Al-Abed SR, McKernan JL, Baciu CL, Gurzau ES, Pogacean AO, Bessler SM. Metal contamination in environmental media in residential areas around Romanian mining sites. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2017; 32:215-220. [PMID: 27930368 PMCID: PMC7385540 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2016-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hard-rock mining for metals, such as gold, silver, copper, zinc, iron and others, is recognized to have a significant impact on the environmental media, soil and water, in particular. Toxic contaminants released from mine waste to surface water and groundwater is the primary concern, but human exposure to soil contaminants either directly, via inhalation of airborne dust particles, or indirectly, via food chain (ingestion of animal products and/or vegetables grown in contaminated areas), is also, significant. In this research, we analyzed data collected in 2007, as part of a larger environmental study performed in the Rosia Montana area in Transylvania, to provide the Romanian governmental authorities with data on the levels of metal contamination in environmental media from this historical mining area. The data were also considered in policy decision to address mining-related environmental concerns in the area. We examined soil and water data collected from residential areas near the mining sites to determine relationships among metals analyzed in these different environmental media, using the correlation procedure in the SAS statistical software. Results for residential soil and water analysis indicate that the average values for arsenic (As) (85 mg/kg), cadmium (Cd) (3.2 mg/kg), mercury (Hg) (2.3 mg/kg) and lead (Pb) (92 mg/kg) exceeded the Romanian regulatory exposure levels [the intervention thresholds for residential soil in case of As (25 mg/kg) and Hg (2 mg/kg), and the alert thresholds in case of Pb (50 mg/kg) and Cd (3 mg/kg)]. Average metal concentrations in drinking water did not exceed the maximum contaminant level (MCL) imposed by the Romanian legislation, but high metal concentrations were found in surface water from Rosia creek, downstream from the former mining area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia A. Neamtiu
- Environmental Health Center, 58 Busuiocului Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,Imogen Research Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Souhail R. Al-Abed
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John L. McKernan
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Calin L. Baciu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eugen S. Gurzau
- Environmental Health Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Imogen Research Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; and University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Scott M. Bessler
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 5, Chicago, IL, USA
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Liu R, Jiang J, Guo L, Shi B, Liu J, Du Z, Wang P. Screening of pollution control and clean-up materials for river chemical spills using the multiple case-based reasoning method with a difference-driven revision strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:11247-11256. [PMID: 26922461 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In-depth filtering of emergency disposal technology (EDT) and materials has been required in the process of environmental pollution emergency disposal. However, an urgent problem that must be solved is how to quickly and accurately select the most appropriate materials for treating a pollution event from the existing spill control and clean-up materials (SCCM). To meet this need, the following objectives were addressed in this study. First, the material base and a case base for environment pollution emergency disposal were established to build a foundation and provide material for SCCM screening. Second, the multiple case-based reasoning model method with a difference-driven revision strategy (DDRS-MCBR) was applied to improve the original dual case-based reasoning model method system, and screening and decision-making was performed for SCCM using this model. Third, an actual environmental pollution accident from 2012 was used as a case study to verify the material base, case base, and screening model. The results demonstrated that the DDRS-MCBR method was fast, efficient, and practical. The DDRS-MCBR method changes the passive situation in which the choice of SCCM screening depends only on the subjective experience of the decision maker and offers a new approach to screening SCCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rentao Liu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
- School of Municipal Engineering Technology, Heilongjiang College of Construction, Harbin, 150025, China
| | - Jiping Jiang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Bin Shi
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Zhaolin Du
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
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