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Wang D, Li Z, Wang Q. Estimation of mercury uptake and distinction of corn cultivation in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167508. [PMID: 37788774 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Corn cultivation potentially plays a vital role in the global mercury (Hg) biogeochemical cycle. Nevertheless, there have been limited studies quantifying the Hg mass flow during corn cultivation. This study focuses on Hg uptake by corn plants in China, integrating data from both sample collection and prior studies, resulting in 400 datasets. The findings reveal that the Hg in corn plants is mainly incorporated in leaves (45.5 %-47.5 %) and husks (14.5 %-15.7 %). Despite a decrease in total gaseous Hg (TGM) concentrations in the atmosphere over time, annual Hg uptake by corn cultivation in China has risen from 72.0 (ranging from 47.6 to 96.3) tons (2009-2014) to 84.3 (ranging from 51.9 to 109.6) tons (2015-2020) due to the increasing in corn kernel production. Spatial analysis demonstrates regional disparities in Hg uptake, primarily influenced by corn kernel production, TGM levels, and soil Hg content. Furthermore, temporal analysis reveals a shift in the fate of Hg in corn plants, which can be attributed to variations in corn straw treatment policy or methods. From 2009 to 2014, a substantial amount of absorbed Hg by corn plants was re-released into the atmosphere (48.9 %) due to corn residues burning, whereas, between 2015 and 2020, a greater proportion of Hg ended up accumulating in the soil (51.1 %) after the imposition of the straw burning ban in China. Prior to the ban (2009-2014), corn cultivation contributed approximately 7.7 tons of Hg input to soil annually, with a range from 1.7 to 13.5. However, following the ban (2015-2020), Hg input into the soil increased by approximately 4.5 times, reaching 34.5 (ranging from 17.5 to 52.6) tons per year. These findings emphasize the significant risks associated with soil Hg pollution caused by corn cultivation due to the straw burning ban.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Zhonggen Li
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi 563006, PR China.
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Tang B, Chen J, Wang Z, Qin P, Zhang X. Mercury accumulation response of rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) to elevated atmospheric mercury and carbon dioxide. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112628. [PMID: 34418855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
New observations and updated models now suggest terrestrial ecosystems are net sink of atmospheric mercury (Hg), and the critical constrained process to identify the strengths of terrestrial sink is whether the large amount of Hg stored in vegetation originates from the soil as well as from the atmosphere. In this study, field open top chambers (OTCs) experiments reveal that rice plant can assimilate gaseous elemental mercury (GEM, Hg0) from the atmosphere through stomata, and Hg concentrations in rice leaves, upper and bottom stalks and grains increased with Hg0 levels in air, showing significantly quadratic linear relationships. Coupling field stable isotope soil amendment experiments, atmospheric source of Hg in rice plant is quantified with more than 90% of Hg accumulation in rice aboveground biomass from air and approximately 80% of rice root Hg from soil. Furthermore, elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) exposure led to lower Hg concentration in rice tissues through reduction stomatal conductance of rice leaf, and subsequently impact the capacity of Hg storage in rice aboveground parts from the atmosphere. The findings from experiments provide a foundation for future quantification of atmospheric sink of crops in local and larger scales and comprehensive evaluation atmosphere - terrestrial processes and exposure risks in the global Hg cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Hunan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Changsha 410002, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Pufeng Qin
- College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Pan J, Ma J, Liu L, Li D, Huo Y, Liu H. A novel carbazole-based highly sensitive and selective turn-on fluorescent probe for mercury (II) ions in aqueous THF. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Panda S, Paital B, Mohapatra S. CQD@γ-Fe2O3 multifunctional nanoprobe for selective fluorescence sensing, detoxification and removal of Hg(II). Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Franić M, Galić V. As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg: Physiological Implications and Toxicity in Plants. PLANT METALLOMICS AND FUNCTIONAL OMICS 2019:209-251. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-19103-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Wang Z, Sun T, Driscoll CT, Yin Y, Zhang X. Mechanism of Accumulation of Methylmercury in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) in a Mercury Mining Area. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9749-9757. [PMID: 30129363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rice consumption is the primary pathway for methylmercury (MeHg) exposure at inland mercury (Hg) mining areas of China. The sources and processes of formation and translocation for MeHg in rice plant are complex and remain largely unknown. In this study, rice ( Oryza sativa L.) was exposed to isotopically labeled dimethylmercury (DMe199Hg) in field experiments using open top chambers to explore the response of MeHg accumulation in rice tissues to different levels of DMe199Hg in air. Rice leaves assimilated DMeHg from air, which was subsequently largely stored in aboveground tissues, including the rice grain, with only a small amount reaching the root. Combining these experimental results with field investigations of DMeHg concentrations in air beneath the rice canopy in a Hg mining area, we estimate that 15.5%, 10.8%, and 8.50% MeHg in the brown rice, the leaf, and the upper stalk, respectively, could be derived from atmospheric sources of DMeHg, while 99.5% of MeHg in rice root originated from the rice soil-water system. These findings help refine the mechanism of MeHg accumulation in rice that, in addition to soil, a fraction of MeHg in rice plants can be derived from DMeHg emissions from flooded rice paddies in Hg mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangwei Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Ting Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Charles T Driscoll
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Syracuse University , 151 Link Hall , Syracuse , New York 13244 , United States
| | - Yongguang Yin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences , Chinese Academy of Sciences , No. 18 Shuangqing Road , Beijing 100085 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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Peng D, Zhang L, Liang RP, Qiu JD. Rapid Detection of Mercury Ions Based on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots Accelerating Formation of Manganese Porphyrin. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1040-1047. [PMID: 29667403 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mercuric ion (HgII) is a stable form of mercury pollution with high toxicity and bioaccumulation ability, and its sensitive and visible determination is of great importance. Herein, a simple method to significantly improve the complexation reaction rate between porphyrin and manganous ions (MnII) has been implemented by using the synergistic effect of trace nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) and Hg(II). A mechanism is proposed in accordance with a substitution reaction in which the deformed porphyrin nucleus by relatively larger Hg(II) ions is favorable for attacking small divalent metal ions carried by NGQDs from the back. Meanwhile, the formation of metalloporphyrin is accompanied by the absorption red-shift and fluorescence quenching of porphyrins; simultaneously, the fluorescence of NGQDs is gradually enhanced because of the inner filter effect between porphyrins and NGQDs. Thus, the ratiometric fluorescence and colorimetric methods for trace HgII sensing have been proposed on the basis of the distinct absorption/fluorescence spectral changes, which have potential application in complex environmental and biological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Peng
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Ru-Ping Liang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jian-Ding Qiu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Zheng SA, Wu Z, Chen C, Liang J, Huang H, Zheng X. Evaluation of leafy vegetables as bioindicators of gaseous mercury pollution in sewage-irrigated areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:413-421. [PMID: 29043585 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) can evaporate and enter the plants through the stomata of plant leaves, which will cause a serious threat to local food safety and human health. For the risk assessment, this study aimed to investigate the concentration and accumulation of total gaseous mercury (TGM) in five typical leafy vegetables (Chinese chives (Allium tuberosum Rottler), amaranth (Amaranthus mangostanus L.), rape (Brassica campestris L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)) grown on sewage-irrigated areas in Tianjin, China. The following three sites were chosen to biomonitor Hg pollution: a paddy field receiving sewage irrigation (industrial and urban sewage effluents) for the last 30 years, a vegetable field receiving sewage irrigation for 15 years, and a grass field which did not receive sewage irrigation in history. Results showed that the total Hg levels in the paddy (0.65 mg kg-1) and vegetation fields (0.42 mg kg-1) were significantly higher than the local background level (0.073 mg kg-1) and the China national soil environment quality standard for Hg in grade I (0.30 mg kg-1). The TGM levels in ambient air were significantly higher in the paddy (71.3 ng m-3) and vegetable fields (39.2 ng m-3) relative to the control (9.4 ng m-3) and previously reported levels (1.45 ng m-3), indicating severe Hg pollution in the atmospheric environment of the sewage-irrigated areas. Furthermore, gaseous mercury was the dominant form of Hg uptake in the leaves or irreversibly bound to leaves. The comparison of Hg uptake levels among the five vegetables showed that the gradient of Hg accumulation followed the order spinach > red amaranth > Chinese chives > rape > lettuce. These results suggest that gaseous Hg exposure in the sewage-irrigated areas is a dominant Hg uptake route in leafy vegetables and may pose a potential threat to agricultural food safety and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-An Zheng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Zeying Wu
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Junfeng Liang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Hongkun Huang
- Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Xiangqun Zheng
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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Cozzolino V, De Martino A, Nebbioso A, Di Meo V, Salluzzo A, Piccolo A. Plant tolerance to mercury in a contaminated soil is enhanced by the combined effects of humic matter addition and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:11312-11322. [PMID: 26931658 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In a greenhouse pot experiment, lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L.) were grown in a Hg-contaminated sandy soil with and without inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (a commercial inoculum containing infective propagules of Rhizophagus irregularis and Funneliformis mosseae) amended with different rates of a humic acid (0, 1, and 2 g kg(-1) of soil), with the objective of verifying the synergistic effects of the two soil treatments on the Hg tolerance of lettuce plants. Our results indicated that the plant biomass was significantly increased by the combined effect of AMF and humic acid treatments. Addition of humic matter to soil boosted the AMF effect on improving the nutritional plant status, enhancing the pigment content in plant leaves, and inhibiting both Hg uptake and Hg translocation from the roots to the shoots. This was attributed not only to the Hg immobilization by stable complexes with HA and with extraradical mycorrhizal mycelium in soil and root surfaces but also to an improved mineral nutrition promoted by AMF. This work indicates that the combined use of AMF and humic acids may become a useful practice in Hg-contaminated soils to reduce Hg toxicity to crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cozzolino
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agroalimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055, Italy.
| | - A De Martino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055, Italy.
| | - A Nebbioso
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agroalimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - V Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - A Salluzzo
- ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment, Centre of Research of Portici, Naples, Italy
| | - A Piccolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agroalimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici, 80055, Italy
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Wang ZQ, Li GZ, Gong QQ, Li GX, Zheng SJ. OsTCTP, encoding a translationally controlled tumor protein, plays an important role in mercury tolerance in rice. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:123. [PMID: 25990386 PMCID: PMC4438481 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury (Hg) is not only a threat to public health but also a growth risk factor to plants, as it is readily accumulated by higher plants. Accumulation of Hg in plants disrupts many cellular-level functions and inhibits growth and development; however, the detoxification and tolerance mechanisms of plants to Hg stress are still not fully understood. Exposure to toxic Hg also occurs in some crops cultivated under anoxic conditions, such as rice (Oryza sativa L.), a model organism and one of the most important cultivated plants worldwide. In this study, we functionally characterized a rice translationally controlled tumor protein gene (Os11g43900, OsTCTP) involved in Hg stress tolerance. RESULTS OsTCTP was ubiquitously expressed in all examined plant tissues, especially in actively dividing and differentiating tissues, such as roots and nodes. OsTCTP was found to localize both the cytosol and the nucleus. OsTCTP was induced by mercuric chloride, cupric sulfate, abscisic acid, and hydrogen peroxide at the protein level in a time-dependent manner. Overexpression of OsTCTP potentiated the activities of several antioxidant enzymes, reduced the Hg-induced H2O2 levels, and promoted Hg tolerance in rice, whereas knockdown of OsTCTP produced opposite effects. And overexpression of OsTCTP did not prevent Hg absorption and accumulation in rice. We also demonstrated that Asn 48 and Asn 97 of OsTCTP amino acids were not the potential N-glycosylation sites. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that OsTCTP is capable of decreasing the Hg-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), therefore, reducing the damage of ROS and enhancing the tolerance of rice plants to Hg stress. Thus, OsTCTP is a valuable gene for genetic engineering to improve rice performance under Hg contaminated paddy soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Ge Zi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Qiao Qiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Gui Xin Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Fu Z, Li W, Zhang Q, Wang L, Zhang X, Song G, Fu Z, Ding D, Liu Z, Tang J. Quantitative trait loci for mercury accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.) identified using a RIL population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107243. [PMID: 25210737 PMCID: PMC4161392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the genetic mechanism of mercury accumulation in maize (Zea mays L.), a population of 194 recombinant inbred lines derived from an elite hybrid Yuyu 22, was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for mercury accumulation at two locations. The results showed that the average Hg concentration in the different tissues of maize followed the order: leaves > bracts > stems > axis > kernels. Twenty-three QTLs for mercury accumulation in five tissues were detected on chromosomes 1, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10, which explained 6.44% to 26.60% of the phenotype variance. The QTLs included five QTLs for Hg concentration in kernels, three QTLs for Hg concentration in the axis, six QTLs for Hg concentration in stems, four QTLs for Hg concentration in bracts and five QTLs for Hg concentration in leaves. Interestingly, three QTLs, qKHC9a, qKHC9b, and qBHC9 were in linkage with two QTLs for drought tolerance. In addition, qLHC1 was in linkage with two QTLs for arsenic accumulation. The study demonstrated the concentration of Hg in Hg-contaminated paddy soil could be reduced, and maize production maintained simultaneously by selecting and breeding maize Hg pollution-safe cultivars (PSCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjun Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Maize Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qinbin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guiliang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zonghua Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZL); (JT)
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ZL); (JT)
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