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Ma X, Sha Z, Li Y, Si R, Tang A, Fangmeier A, Liu X. Temporal-spatial characteristics and sources of heavy metals in bulk deposition across China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171903. [PMID: 38527555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of industries, agriculture, and urbanization (including transportation and population growth), there has been a significant alteration in the emission and atmospheric deposition of heavy metal pollutants. This has consequently given rise to a range of ecological and environmental health issues. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive two-year investigation on the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in atmospheric deposition across China based on the Nationwide Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring Network (NNDMN). The atmospheric bulk deposition of Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni), Selenium (Se), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) were 6.32 ± 1.59, 4.49 ± 0.57, 1.31 ± 0.21, 1.05 ± 0.16, 0.60 ± 0.06 and 0.21 ± 0.03 mg m-2 yr-1, respectively, with a large variation among the different regions of China. The order for atmospheric deposition flux was Southwest China > Southeast China > North China > Northeast China > Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and rural area > urban area > background area. The concentrations of heavy metals in bulk deposition exhibit seasonal variation with higher levels observed during winter compared to summer and spring, which are closely associated with anthropogenic activities. The Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) results indicated that combustion, industrial emissions and traffic are the primary contributors to atmospheric deposition of heavy metals. The single factor pollution index (Pi) of heavy metals is consistently below 1, and the composite pollution index (Ni) is 0.16 across China, indicating that atmospheric heavy metal deposition is at a pollution-free level. The comprehensive potential ecological risk index of heavy metals is 11.8, with Cd exhibiting the highest single factor potential ecological risk index at 7.09, suggesting that more attention should be paid to Cd deposition in China. The present study reveals the spatial-temporal distribution pattern of atmospheric heavy metals deposition in China, identifying regional source characteristics and providing a theoretical foundation and strategies for reducing emissions of atmospheric pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ma
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhipeng Sha
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650500 Kunming, China
| | - Yunzhe Li
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruotong Si
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Aohan Tang
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Andreas Fangmeier
- Institute of Landscape and Plant Ecology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xuejun Liu
- State Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Dar T, Rai N, Jahan A, Kumar S, Bhat MA, Ahmad R. Uncovering sources, distribution, and seasonal patterns of trace element deposition: the elemental puzzle of the western Himalayas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37196-37214. [PMID: 38764085 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The transport and deposition of atmospheric pollutants in the Himalayas have a adverse impact on the climate, cryosphere, ecosystem, and monsoon patterns. Unfortunately, there is a insufficiency of data on trace element concentrations and behaviors in the high-altitude Himalayan region, leading to limited research in this area. This study presents a comprehensive and detailed comprehension of trace element deposition, its spatial distribution, seasonal variations, and anthropogenic signals in the high-altitude Kashmir region of the Western Himalayas. Our investigation involved the analysis of 10 trace elements (Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) in glacier ice, snow pits, surface snow, and rainwater collected at various sites including Kolahoi, Thajwas, Pahalgam (Greater Himalayan ranges), and Kongdori and Shopian (Pir Panjal Ranges) during 2021. The study reveals distinct ranges of concentrations for the trace elements at different sampling sites. Our analysis of trace element concentration depth profiles in snow pits reveals seasonal fluctuations during the deposition year. The highest concentrations were found in the autumn (below 20 cm) and summer (top layer), compared to the winter concentration (10-20 cm). The high enrichment factors (EFs) suggest the severity of human-induced trace metal deposition in the western Himalayan region, relative to surrounding regions. Surprisingly, the concentrations and EFs of trace elements showed seasonal contradictions, with lower concentration values and higher EFs during the non-monsoon season and vice versa. A source apportionment analysis using the positive matrix factorization (PMF) technique identified five sources of trace element deposition in the region, including crustal sources (32.33%), coal combustion (15.62%), biomass burning (17.63%), traffic emission (18.8%), and industrial sources (15.6%). Additionally, the study incorporated backward trajectories coupled with δ18O using the NOAA HYSPLIT model to estimate moisture sources in the region, which suggests atmospheric pollutants predominately deposited from the large-scale atmospheric circulation from westerlies (75%) during non-monsoon season. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced monitoring and research efforts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Dar
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India.
| | - Nachiketa Rai
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Akhtar Jahan
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Hydrological Investigations Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Mohd Aadil Bhat
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rayees Ahmad
- Department of Geography and Disaster Management, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
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Rawat B, Sharma CM, Tripathee L, Wan X, Cong Z, Paudyal R, Pandey A, Kandel K, Kang S, Zhang Q. Concentration, seasonality, and sources of trace elements in atmospheric aerosols from Godavari in the southern Himalayas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 344:123359. [PMID: 38228261 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric pollution has detrimental effects on human health and ecosystems. The southern region of the Himalayas, undergoing rapid urbanization and intense human activities, faces poor air quality marked by high aerosol loadings. In this study, we conducted a two-year PM10 sampling in the suburban area (Godavari) of Kathmandu, a representative metropolis situated in the southern part of the central Himalayas. The trace elements were measured to depict aerosol-bound element loadings, seasonality, and potential sources. The mean concentrations of trace elements varied considerably, ranging from 0.27 ± 0.19 ng m-3 for Tl to 1252.78 ng m-3 for Zn. The average concentration of Co and Ni was 1.2 and 22.4 times higher, respectively, than those in Lhasa city in Tibet in the northern Himalayas. The concentration of Pb was 38 times lower than that in Lahore, Pakistan, and 9 times lower than urban sites in India. For the seasonality, the trace element concentrations displayed remarkable variation, with higher concentrations during the non-monsoon seasons and lower concentrations during the monsoon season. This trend was primarily influenced by anthropogenic activities such as low-grade fuel combustion in vehicles, coal combustion in brick kilns, and biomass burning, along with seasonal rainfall that induced aerosol washout. The enrichment factors (EFs) analysis revealed that Cd, Zn, Sb, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Pb had higher EFs, indicating their significant contributions from anthropogenic sources. In contrast, elements like Tl, Co, V, Cs, U, Ba, Th, and Sr, characterized by lower EFs, were mainly associated with natural sources. The Pb isotopic ratio profiles exhibited the Pb in PM10 are derived major contribution from legacy lead. Biomass burning contributed to the Pb source in winter. These findings provide policymakers with valuable insights to develop guidelines and strategies aimed at improving air quality and mitigating the impact of aerosol pollution on human health in the Himalayan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhat Rawat
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong (UOW), NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Chhatra Mani Sharma
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University, Kritipur, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Rukumesh Paudyal
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Aastha Pandey
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kshitiz Kandel
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shichang Kang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qianggong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Su Q, Shahab A, Huang L, Ubaid Ali M, Cheng Y, Yang J, Xu H, Sun Z, Zou Q, Chen Z, Kang B. Heavy Metals in Surface Sediment of Plateau Lakes in Tibet, China: Occurrence, Risk Assessment, and Potential Sources. TOXICS 2023; 11:804. [PMID: 37888655 PMCID: PMC10610607 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Tibetan Plateau lakes have high ecological value and play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. This research aimed to study the pollution characteristics, ecological risk, and potential sources of eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in the surface sediments of 12 Tibetan Plateau lakes. The results of the toxicity risk index (TRI) showed that only Gongzhu Tso (28.09) and La' ang Tso (20.25) had heavy metals that could pose a very high risk of toxicity to aquatic organisms. Hg posed the highest potential ecological risk to aquatic organisms. Based on the results of multiple analyses, we inferred that the contents of Cr, Cu, Hg, and Ni in sediments of Tibetan lakes were influenced by industrial and agricultural development; Cd, Pb, and Zn were influenced by transport and atmospheric transport; and As was derived from geothermal activity and rock weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyuan Su
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Asfandyar Shahab
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Liangliang Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Muhammad Ubaid Ali
- Department of Soil Sciences, Southern Federal University, 344006 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Yanan Cheng
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Areas, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jiahuan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhicheng Sun
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qi Zou
- School of Public Health and Health Management, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhongbing Chen
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bin Kang
- College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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5
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Chen Y, Wang Q, Zhu J, Xi Y, Zhang Q, Dai G, He N, Yu G. Atmospheric Wet Iron, Molybdenum, and Vanadium Deposition in Chinese Terrestrial Ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12898-12905. [PMID: 36026692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), and vanadium (V) are the main components of the three known biological nitrogenases, which constrain nitrogen fixation and affect ecosystem productivity. Atmospheric deposition is an important pathway of these trace metals into ecosystems. Here, we explored the deposition flux, spatiotemporal pattern, and influencing factors of atmospheric wet Fe, Mo, and V deposition based on China Wet Deposition Observation Network (ChinaWD) data from 2016 to 2020. Our results showed that atmospheric wet Fe, Mo, and V deposition was 7.77 ± 7.24, 0.16 ± 0.11, and 0.13 ± 0.12 mg m-2 a-1 in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems, respectively, and revealed obvious spatial patterns but no significant annual trends. Wet Fe deposition was significantly correlated with the soil Fe content. Mo and V deposition was more affected by anthropogenic activities than Fe deposition. Wet Mo deposition was significantly affected by Mo ore reserves and waste incineration. V deposition was significantly correlated with domestic biomass burning. This study quantified wet Fe, Mo, and V deposition in China for the first time, and the implications of atmospheric trace metal deposition on biological nitrogen fixation were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yue Xi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guanhua Dai
- Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Antu 133613, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guirui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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6
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Yang Q, Wang S, Zhao C, Nan Z. Risk assessment of trace elements accumulation in soil-herbage systems at varied elevation in subalpine grassland of northern Tibet Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27636-27650. [PMID: 34982386 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18366-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecological environment of remote grassland has become a problem in many countries due to mining, tourism, grazing, and other human activities. In this study, a total of 15 pairs of soil-herbage samples were collected in the northeast of the Tibet Plateau to study the relationship between physicochemical properties and content of trace elements in soils at different elevation, and to examine the accumulation and fractionation of heavy metals in soil-herbage systems. In addition, the ecological risk of the subalpine grassland was also assessed. The average concentrations of Hg, As, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Mn in soil were higher than their background values of Gansu soil, but the average concentrations of these heavy metals in herbage satisfied Hygienical Standard for Feeds. The speciation analysis of heavy metals in soil indicated that the exchangeable content of heavy metal was very low, except Pb, Cd, and Mn. There was a linear relationship between pH, CaCO3, total phosphorus (TP), organic matter (OM), concentrations of Hg, As, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Mn in soils, dry weight of herbage, and elevation, while there was a quadratic curve trend between Cu, Cd in soils, and elevation. The results of risk assessment showed that there was no obvious ecological risk in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfang Yang
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environment Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environment Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Cuicui Zhao
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environment Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhongren Nan
- Gansu Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environment Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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7
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Clifford HM, Potocki M, Koch I, Sherpa T, Handley M, Korotkikh E, Introne D, Kaspari S, Miner K, Matthews T, Perry B, Guy H, Gajurel A, Singh PK, Elvin S, Elmore AC, Tait A, Mayewski PA. A case study using 2019 pre-monsoon snow and stream chemistry in the Khumbu region, Nepal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 789:148006. [PMID: 34082206 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This case study provides a framework for future monitoring and evidence for human source pollution in the Khumbu region, Nepal. We analyzed the chemical composition (major ions, major/trace elements, black carbon, and stable water isotopes) of pre-monsoon stream water (4300-5250 m) and snow (5200-6665 m) samples collected from Mt. Everest, Mt. Lobuche, and the Imja Valley during the 2019 pre-monsoon season, in addition to a shallow ice core recovered from the Khumbu Glacier (5300 m). In agreement with previous work, pre-monsoon aerosol deposition is dominated by dust originating from western sources and less frequently by transport from southerly air mass sources as demonstrated by evidence of one of the strongest recorded pre-monsoon events emanating from the Bay of Bengal, Cyclone Fani. Elevated concentrations of human-sourced metals (e.g., Pb, Bi, As) are found in surface snow and stream chemistry collected in the Khumbu region. As the most comprehensive case study of environmental chemistry in the Khumbu region, this research offers sufficient evidence for increased monitoring in this watershed and surrounding areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Clifford
- Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, ME, USA; School of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, ME, USA.
| | - Mariusz Potocki
- Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, ME, USA; School of Earth and Climate Sciences, University of Maine, ME, USA
| | - Inka Koch
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Lalitpur, Nepal; Department of Geosciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tenzing Sherpa
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Mike Handley
- Climate Change Institute, University of Maine, ME, USA
| | | | | | - Susan Kaspari
- Department of Geological Sciences, Central Washington University, WA, USA
| | | | - Tom Matthews
- Department of Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Baker Perry
- Department of Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, NC, USA
| | - Heather Guy
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Ananta Gajurel
- Central Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Praveen Kumar Singh
- International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Lalitpur, Nepal; CoEDMM, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandra Elvin
- National Geographic Society, 1145 17th St. NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aurora C Elmore
- National Geographic Society, 1145 17th St. NW, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alex Tait
- National Geographic Society, 1145 17th St. NW, Washington, DC, USA
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8
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Pizarro J, Vergara PM, Cerda S, Cordero RR, Castillo X, Rowe PM, Casassa G, Carrasco J, Damiani A, Llanillo PJ, Lambert F, Rondanelli R, Huneeus N, Fernandoy F, Alfonso J, Neshyba S. Contaminant emissions as indicators of chemical elements in the snow along a latitudinal gradient in southern Andes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14530. [PMID: 34267297 PMCID: PMC8282802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of snow provides insights on atmospheric transport of anthropogenic contaminants at different spatial scales. In this study, we assess how human activities influence the concentration of elements in the Andean mountain snow along a latitudinal transect throughout Chile. The concentration of seven elements (Al, Cu, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn and Zn) was associated to gaseous and particulate contaminants emitted at different spatial scales. Our results indicate carbon monoxide (CO) averaged at 20 km and nitrogen oxide (NOx) at 40 km as the main indicators of the chemical elements analyzed. CO was found to be a significant predictor of most element concentrations while concentrations of Cu, Mn, Mg and Zn were positively associated to emissions of NOx. Emission of 2.5 μm and 10 μm particulate matter averaged at different spatial scales was positively associated to concentration of Li. Finally, the concentration of Zn was positively associated to volatile organic compounds (VOC) averaged at 40 km around sampling sites. The association between air contaminants and chemical composition of snow suggests that regions with intensive anthropogenic pollution face reduced quality of freshwater originated from glacier and snow melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Pizarro
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Sergio Cerda
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl R Cordero
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Penny M Rowe
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.,NorthWest Research Associates, Redmond, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Alessandro Damiani
- Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.,Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Fabrice Lambert
- Department of Physical Geography, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto Rondanelli
- Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Climate and Resilience Research CR2, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Huneeus
- Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Climate and Resilience Research CR2, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Juan Alfonso
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Carretera Panamericana, Km 11, Altos de Pipe, Venezuela
| | - Steven Neshyba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, USA
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9
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Barraza F, Lambert F, MacDonell S, Sinclair K, Fernandoy F, Jorquera H. Major atmospheric particulate matter sources for glaciers in Coquimbo Region, Chile. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36817-36827. [PMID: 33710483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12933-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tapado Glacier is a subtropical mountain glacier in the Coquimbo region of Chile that has been continuously retreating during the last 60 years due to diminishing precipitation rates and rising temperatures and likely due to a currently unknown influence from atmospheric pollutant deposition. Climatic and meteorological impacts on this, and other, Andean glacier have been previously studied; however, cryosphere changes driven by aerosols are still largely unknown. To contribute to the understanding of the origin of aerosols and their dispersion, this study aims to identify natural and anthropogenic sources of air pollution deposited on the Tapado Glacier (4500-5536 m a.s.l.) and their transport by using a receptor model (positive matrix factorization) together with the concentration of major ions as proxies of air pollution deposited on this glacier. This model's outcomes were complemented with daily wind backward trajectories computed for a whole year using the HYSPLYT meteorological model. Four sources were identified as the main contributors to major soluble ions in the Tapado surface snow. These sources are natural Aeolian dust (38%) from the Atacama Desert (including mining sites), natural weathered sulphates (27%), anthropogenic nitrates (25%), and coastal aerosols (10%). Coastal nitrate emissions and coastal aerosols are both sources with an important anthropogenic component, coming from La Serena and Coquimbo's coastal cities. The crustal components and sulphate profiles are similar to detritus dispersed from the glacier after wind erosion. Although the glacier is located over 4000 m above sea level, anthropogenic pollutants reached this location. However, their contributions were smaller compared to natural contaminants. Our findings can likely be extended to the nearest glaciers in Northern Chile, which have similar potential contaminant sources from cities, ports, and thriving mining activity. However, these findings may not be suitable for southern Chilean glaciers, which are closer to bigger cities and to smoke from residential heating prevalent in winter months and wildfires during the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Barraza
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- School of Geography, University of Otago, Richardson Building, 85 Albany St., Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Fabrice Lambert
- Instituto de Geografía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shelley MacDonell
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), La Serena, Chile
| | | | - Francisco Fernandoy
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Andrés Bello, Laboratorio de Análisis Isotópico, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Héctor Jorquera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Bioprocesos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Determining the Regional Geochemical Background for Dissolved Trace Metals and Metalloids in Stream Waters: Protocol, Results and Limitations—The Upper Loire River Basin (France). WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13131845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To avoid the improper disqualification of a watershed for which the water–rock interaction (WRI) may produce trace element concentrations exceeding established guidelines, it is of the utmost importance to properly establish natural geochemical backgrounds. Using the example of the crystalline Upper Loire River Basin, we are proposing a methodology based on the selection and chemical characterization of water and sediment samples from 10 monolithologic watersheds supposedly lowly impacted by anthropogenic inputs. We collected water samples from each watershed’s spring down to its outlet and measured dissolved major, minor and selected trace elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, La, Ni, Pb, U, V and Zn) at low- and high-water stages. Results show that the chemical signature of the stream waters is controlled by mineral weatherability rather than by the available rock stock. As a result, the variability in dissolved metal concentrations between the principal lithologies is similar to that observed within each of them. While some elements mostly result from WRI, others clearly identify high inputs from topsoil leaching. Comparison with published data evidences the need to subdivide studied watersheds into distinct sectors, according to the distance from the spring, in order to define reliable natural backgrounds.
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11
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Bhattarai H, Tripathee L, Kang S, Sharma CM, Chen P, Guo J, Ghimire PS. Concentration, sources and wet deposition of dissolved nitrogen and organic carbon in the Northern Indo-Gangetic Plain during monsoon. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 102:37-52. [PMID: 33637262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Precipitation represents an important phenomenon for carbon and nitrogen deposition. Here, the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) with their potential sources were analyzed in wet precipitation during summer monsoon from the Northern Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), important but neglected area. The volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentration of DOC and TDN were 687.04 and 1210.23 µg/L, respectively. Similarly, the VWM concentration of major ions were in a sequence of NH4+ > Ca2+ > SO42- > Na+ > K+ > NO3- > Cl- > Mg2+ > F- > NO2-, suggesting NH4+ and Ca2+ from agricultural activities and crustal dust played a vital role in precipitation chemistry. Moreover, the wet deposition flux of DOC and TDN were 9.95 and 17.06 kg/(ha⋅year), respectively. The wet deposition flux of inorganic nitrogen species such as NH4+-N and NO3--N were 14.31 and 0.47 kg/(ha⋅year), respectively, demonstrating the strong influence of emission sources and precipitation volume. Source attribution from different analysis suggested the influence of biomass burning on DOC and anthropogenic activities (agriculture, animal husbandry) on nitrogenous species. The air-mass back trajectory analysis indicated the influence of air masses originating from the Bay of Bengal, which possibly carried marine and anthropogenic pollutants along with the biomass burning emissions to the sampling site. This study bridges the data gap in the less studied part of the northern IGP region and provides new information for policy makers to deal with pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemraj Bhattarai
- Earth System Science Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Himalayan Environment Research Institute (HERI), Kathmandu, Nepal; Kathmandu Center for Research and Education (KCRE), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Lekhendra Tripathee
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; Himalayan Environment Research Institute (HERI), Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | | | - Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Prakriti Sharma Ghimire
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China; Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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12
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Pu T, Kong Y, Kang S, Shi X, Zhang G, Wang S, Cao B, Wang K, Hua H, Chen P. New insights into trace elements in the water cycle of a karst-dominated glacierized region, southeast Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141725. [PMID: 33181981 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) in water are crucial parameters for assessing water quality. However, detailed studies are limited on TEs in the hydrological system of the Tibetan plateau (TP). Here, we sampled snow, river water, and groundwater in Yulong Snow Mountain (Mt. Yulong) region, southeast TP, in 2016 and analyzed the concentrations of nine TEs (namely Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Pb). In snow, the average concentrations of Fe, Zn, and Al were >10 μg/L, whereas other elements, including Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Hg, and Pb, exhibited average concentrations <1 μg/L. The concentrations of Al, Mn, Fe, Zn, and As were higher in rivers than in snow. According to enrichment factors (EFs), Zn concentration in snow was highly influenced by anthropogenic activities, whereas Mn, Fe, Cr, and As were uninfluenced. River and lake/reservoir water near human settlements were affected by anthropogenic activities. However, groundwater around Mt. Yulong is not contaminated yet. The increasing EFs in Mt. Yulong snowpit are consistent with those of southern TP snowpits, suggesting that the area has been affected by anthropogenic activities both from local emissions and long-distance transport of pollutants from South Asia. A conceptual model was proposed to show TEs in the water cycle. Although water quality is good overall in Mt. Yulong region, threats to the water environment still exit due to increasing anthropogenic activities and climate warming. The accelerated ablation of cryosphere due to climate warming could be a source of TEs in rivers and groundwater, which should be paid attention to in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yanlong Kong
- Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guotao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shijin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bo Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui Hua
- MOE Key Laboratory of West China's Environmental System, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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13
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Cherednichenko VS, Cherednichenko AV, Cherednichenko AV, Zheksenbaeva AK, Madibekov AS. Heavy metal deposition through precipitation in Kazakhstan. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05844. [PMID: 33506121 PMCID: PMC7814111 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The active development of industry, primarily mining and metallurgical, as well as energy, is accompanied by significant emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. We collected data and analyzed the intake of heavy metals (HM) of lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) in precipitation (wet deposition) on typical natural Kazakhstan ecosystems. The average Pb, Cu, As and Cd wet deposition was 3.80 ± 1.52, 16.11 ± 1.48, 0.96 ± 0.84 and 0.88 ± 0.44 μg/L, respectively, with a large variation among the different sites of Kazakhstan. In addition, we identified the most significant industrial areas in the republic and determined the concentrations of the listed metals in the precipitation for each of them. The relationship between these concentrations and industrial activity in the regions, and the presence of a mutual correlation between them were also investigated. We obtained that the atmospheric deposition of Pb, Cu and As were higher in the central industrial areas (Dzhezkazgan, Balkhash), as well as in the south (Chimkent) and in the east (Ust-Kamenogorsk), where large mining and metallurgical enterprises are located. In these cities, there are high concentrations of pollutants (PS) in the atmosphere, exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) by several times. Significant sedimentation of pollutants, primarily HM, is noted, adversely affecting soils and surface runoff. The total deposition of heavy metals on snow cover was determined. We obtained that the average total deposition for Pb, Cu, As and Cd was 4.4 ± 1.28, 20.6 ± 1.43, 3.23 ± 0.81 and 1.03 ± 0.47 μg/L. Calculations performed for comparable time intervals showed that dry deposition is two to five times greater than wet deposition and the smaller the precipitation in the region, the greater the dry deposition, ceteris paribus. At the level of climate assessments, it is shown that there is a transboundary transfer of heavy metals from both the territory of Kazakhstan from the territory of Russia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A S Madibekov
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
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14
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Jiao X, Dong Z, Kang S, Li Y, Jiang C, Rostami M. New insights into heavy metal elements deposition in the snowpacks of mountain glaciers in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111228. [PMID: 32890952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric heavy metals have important environmental and health threats. To investigate atmospheric deposition and contamination of heavy metal elements in the glaciers of the eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETP), we collected the surface snow (cryoconites) samples in the Lenglongling Glacier (LG), the Gannan Snowpack (GS), the Dagu Glacier (DG), the Hailuogou Glacier (HG) and Yulong Snow-mountain Glacier (YG) in summer 2017. Samples were analyzed for concentrations and enrichment factors (EFs) of Al and trace elements (Pb, Co, Cd, Ba, Mn, Ga, Sc, V, Zn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Rb, Sb, Cs, As, Mo, Li) using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results showed that the concentrations and EFs of heavy metals (e.g. Sb, Cu, Cr, Ni, As, Mo) were generally high value in YG, GS and LG, while were relatively low value in DG and HG, implying that ETP glaciers may have been affected by atmospheric anthropogenic pollutants deposition to varying degrees. Comparing the heavy metal concentrations in the glaciers with those in the precipitation of middle/eastern China cities and also the South Asian cities, we find that the glacial heavy metal concentrations were generally low level, though the anthropogenic pollutants were still significantly enriched. Taking the spatial distribution of As and Ni concentration/EFs in the glaciers and surrounding urban precipitation as an example, we find that the heavy metal pollutants were probably transported to the glaciers through three routes from the surrounding densely populated area of Asia. The MODIS AOD and NCEP/NCAR wind vector also demonstrated that the atmospheric pollutants originated from anthropogenic emissions of urban areas of both South Asia, and northwest and east China, mainly caused by the large scale atmospheric circulation (e.g. the South Asian Monsoon, westerlies and Eastern Asian Summer Monsoon). Therefore, control of these potential pollution emission sources of the surrounding densely populated areas in Asia could be important to ETP glaciers in future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiwen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Shichang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Sciences, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, 730000, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50923, Germany
| | - Cong Jiang
- Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50923, Germany
| | - Masoud Rostami
- Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50923, Germany
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15
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Wiklund JA, Kirk JL, Muir DCG, Gleason A, Carrier J, Yang F. Atmospheric trace metal deposition to remote Northwest Ontario, Canada: Anthropogenic fluxes and inventories from 1860 to 2010. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 749:142276. [PMID: 33370897 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
National and global inventories of anthropogenic trace element emissions to air is a comparatively recent phenomenon (post-1993 in Canada) as is the monitoring of atmospheric metal deposition, the latter being also very spatially limited. Paleo-reconstructive methods offer a contiguous record of environmental contamination providing a needed framework to establish locally relevant "pre-industrial" (~natural) conditions which can be compare with relative and quantitative deviations away from reference conditions. In this study, we reconstruct the history of the long-range, anthropogenic sourced atmospheric trace element deposition to the remote region of Northwestern Ontario Canada (Experimental Lakes Area (ELA)) using dated sediment records from five lakes. Several elements are shown to be highly enriched in lake sediments relative to pre-1860 sediments (Antimony, Lead, Tellurium, Tin, Arsenic, Bismuth, Cadmium and Mercury) and moderately (Zinc, Tungsten, Thallium, Copper, Silver, Selenium, Nickel and Vanadium). Mean decadal anthropogenic atmospheric fluxes (mg m-2 yr-1) are reconstructed for 1860-2010 and compare well with available local (ELA), regional (NW Ontario Canada, N Michigan USA) monitoring data, as well as global assessments of anthropogenic contribution to atmospheric trace metal burdens. Quantitative paleo reconstructions of atmospheric contamination history using the collective signal from multiple lakes provide a rigorous methodology to assess trends, uncertainties, evaluation with monitoring data and, provide an opportunity to explore landscape processes of contaminant transport and storage. Further study of the latter is recommended to understand the latency of legacy anthropogenic contamination of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan A Wiklund
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada, L7R 4A6.
| | - Jane L Kirk
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada, L7R 4A6.
| | - Derek C G Muir
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada, L7R 4A6
| | - Amber Gleason
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada, L7R 4A6
| | - Jacques Carrier
- National Laboratory of Environmental Testing, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6
| | - Fan Yang
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada, L7R 4A6
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16
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Li Y, Huang J, Li Z, Zheng K. Atmospheric pollution revealed by trace elements in recent snow from the central to the northern Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114459. [PMID: 32302892 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to determine the current levels, spatial distribution patterns, and potential pollution of trace elements (TEs) in the atmosphere of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), snow pit samples were collected in May 2016 from five TP glaciers: Qiyi (QY), Hariqin (HRQ), Meikuang (MK), Yuzhufeng (YZF), and Xiaodongkemadi (XDKMD). Concentrations of 13 TEs (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Pb, Sb, Sr, U, and Zn) in the snow were measured. The spatial distribution patterns and depth profiles of TEs from the studies sites revealed that the influence of dust on TEs was more significant on the MK and YZF glaciers than on the QY, HRQ, and XDKMD glaciers. The spatial distributions of TE EFFe values differed from their concentrations, however. The enrichment factor (EF) values and concentrations of some TEs in the YZF, QY, and XDKMD glaciers revealed that the pollution levels of these elements were significantly lower than those found in previous research. Examination based on EFs, principal component analysis, as well as the calculated non-dust contributions of TEs, revealed that dust was the principal source for most TEs in all five glaciers, while biomass burning was another potential natural source for TEs in some glaciers, such as QY. In contrast, Cd, Ba, Sr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Sb were occasionally affected by anthropogenic sources such as road traffic emissions, fossil fuel combustion, and mining and smelting of nonferrous metals in and beyond the TP. Air mass backward trajectories revealed that potential pollutants were transported not only from local sources but also from Xinjiang Province in northwestern China, as well as South Asia, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Ju Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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17
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Li M, Zhang Q, Sun X, Karki K, Zeng C, Pandey A, Rawat B, Zhang F. Heavy metals in surface sediments in the trans-Himalayan Koshi River catchment: Distribution, source identification and pollution assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125410. [PMID: 31790989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rivers flowing across the Himalayas are important water resources and deliver large amounts of sediment to regional and downstream ecosystems. However, the geochemistry of Himalayan river sediments has been less studied. Surface sediment samples collected from a typical trans-Himalayan river, the Koshi River (KR), were used to investigate the distribution, pollution status and potential sources of heavy metals. Heavy metals did not show significant spatial differences between the upstream and downstream areas of the river, but Cd and Pb displayed higher values in the upstream area. The average heavy metal concentrations in the KR sediments are comparable to the natural background values and are lower than the sediment guidelines. Pollution assessment using the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF) and pollution load index (PLI) suggested negligible anthropogenic disturbances except for slight contamination by Cd, Pb and Cu at a few sites. Principal component analysis revealed that Cr, Co, Ni and Zn were primarily from the parent rock and that Cu, Cd and Pb were derived from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Despite contrasting environmental settings and human activities in the upper and lower reaches of the river, the heavy metals concentrations in the KR sediments showed consistency with natural backgrounds and negligible contamination. The geochemistry of river sediments is a useful indicator of environmental changes, and long-term observations of the geochemistry of trans-Himalayan river sediments are needed to understand the impacts of intensified climate change and human activities on the Himalayan environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Process, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qianggong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Process, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Process, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kabita Karki
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Process, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Process, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Aastha Pandey
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Process, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bakhat Rawat
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Process, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environmental Changes and Land Surface Process, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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18
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Pozhitkov R, Moskovchenko D, Soromotin A, Kudryavtsev A, Tomilova E. Trace elements composition of surface snow in the polar zone of northwestern Siberia: the impact of urban and industrial emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:215. [PMID: 32140832 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the level of atmospheric pollution in the north of Western Siberia, we studied the composition of urban snow in the vicinity of the Tazovsky settlement as well as in the area of Zapolyarnoye-the largest natural gas field in Russia in terms of a total extraction volume. Our results indicate that anthropogenic activities have caused an increase in electric conductivity and pH values of meltwaters. Concentrations of dissolved and particulate forms of trace elements (Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd) were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Dissolved forms of Cd, Zn, and Mn and particulate forms of Cu, Fe, and Ni prevailed in meltwaters of background territories. Human-affected territories were characterized by a predominance of particulate forms of trace elements (except Cd), which indicated increased dust deposition rates. For Cu, Mn, and Fe, mean values of contamination factor (CF) exceeded background levels by 4.4, 4.7, and 6.6 times, respectively. At some sampling sites, concentrations of trace elements exceeded background levels by 10-111 times. The concentration of Zn in our study area was higher than those in other oil and gas fields located in polar and boreal regions. The Cd concentration in the vicinity of the Tazovsky settlement was higher than those in other cities of Western Siberia. The data obtained in the present study on concentrations of soluble and particulate forms of trace elements in snow will be valuable for environmental protection in Russia's Arctic territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Pozhitkov
- Tyumen Scientific Centre, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumen, Russia.
| | - Dmitriy Moskovchenko
- Tyumen Scientific Centre, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyumen, Russia
- Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
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19
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Gao M, Cui J, Zhang L, He D, Yang J, Zhou F, Leng Q, Yang F. Metal wet deposition in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region of Southwest China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32053-32065. [PMID: 30218331 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal wet deposition has become an environmental concern because of its threats to soil or water quality and human health. This study was to collect rainfall waters in 2016 from seven sites, representing urban, town, rural, and wetland, within the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region of Southwest China, determine the metal concentration and flux (Zn, Mn, Cu, As, Cd, Pb), and identify their possible sources. Results indicated that Zn was the most abundant metal with a concentration of 16.92 μg L-1 in fall and 19.91 μg L-1 in winter and flux of 4.71 mg m-2 in fall, while Cd was the least with a monthly mean concentration of 0.02-0.37 μg L-1. Among the seven sites, urban (FL) had the highest values of both concentrations of metals (Zn, Cu, Pb) and fluxes of metals (Mn, As), which significantly differed from the other sites. Component and redundancy analysis suggested that fossil fuel and biomass combustion be a potential metal source. Enrichment factors, box model, and potential ecological risk index showed that the TGR water quality could face a high risk due to wet metal deposition, especially Cd. Data could provide a valuable aid in mitigating metal pollution, developing the best watershed management practices, as well as safeguarding water quality and human health in the TGR region or other reservoir regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gao
- Chongqing Institue of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Jian Cui
- Chongqing Institue of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Liuyi Zhang
- Chongqing Institue of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Dongyi He
- Chongqing Institue of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - John Yang
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Lincoln University of Missouri, Jefferson City, MO, 65101, USA
| | - Fengwu Zhou
- Chongqing Institue of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Qiangmei Leng
- Chongqing Institue of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Fumo Yang
- Chongqing Institue of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
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Huang J, Li Y, Li Z, Xiong L. Spatial variations and sources of trace elements in recent snow from glaciers at the Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:7875-7883. [PMID: 29297166 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements (TEs) could pose a potential threat to the environment and human health and hence they have been paid attention increasingly at present. This study presents the acid-leached concentrations of TEs (e.g., Al, As, Ba, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sr, Ti, Tl, U, V) and dust content sampled from Qiumianleike (QMLK), Meikuang (MK), Yuzhufeng (YZF), Xiaodongkemadi (XDKMD), Gurenhekou (GRHK) glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from April to May in 2013. A nonparametric Jonckheere-Terpstra Method was used to test the trend of spatial distribution of TEs. The statistical analysis indicates that TEs were the highest in the QMLK glacier, lowest in the YZF glacier, and comparable in the other three glaciers. Comparison with other glaciers of the plateau, the statistical analysis on As, Cu, Mo, Pb, and Sb shows that their concentrations had, in general, a decreasing distribution characteristic from the north to the south of TP, which indicates that the northern TP is loading more atmospheric-polluted impurity than central and southern TP. Enrichment factor (EF) analysis indicates that Rb, V, U, Cr, Ba, Cs, Li, As, Co, Mn, Tl, Sr, and Cu originated mainly from crustal dust, while anthropogenic inputs such as nonferrous metals melting, coal combustion, and traffic emission made an important contribution to the Mo, Pb, and Sb. Evidences from air mass back trajectories show that TEs in the five studied glaciers might not only come from surrounding areas of glaciers but also might be long-range transported by atmosphere from the Central Asia and South Asia and deposited on these glaciers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuefang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Longfei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Ni Z, Liu S, Jiang Z, Huang X. Atmospheric deposition of trace elements to Daya Bay, South China Sea: Fluxes and sources. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:672-683. [PMID: 29475711 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted from October 2015 to March 2017, with the aim of providing the first data on the fluxes and sources of wet and dry deposition of trace elements (TEs) in Daya Bay, South China Sea. Wet deposition flux of TEs was always preponderant and orders of magnitude higher than that of dry deposition owing to the high rainfall frequency in Daya Bay. The total deposition fluxes of TEs in the target area were higher than in most places worldwide, but at a moderate level within China. Wet deposition was highest in summer and lowest in winter, whereas dry deposition showed an opposite seasonal trend. The main sources of TEs in wet deposition were seasalt/dust, fossil fuel combustion, and crustal sources, and in dry deposition, they were dust/metallurgic, fossil fuel, petrochemical industry and crustal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhixin Ni
- South China Sea Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Songlin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Zhijian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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22
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Wet Deposition of Trace Metals at a Typical Urban Site in Southwestern China: Fluxes, Sources and Contributions to Aquatic Environments. SUSTAINABILITY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/su10010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Beaudon E, Gabrielli P, Sierra-Hernández MR, Wegner A, Thompson LG. Central Tibetan Plateau atmospheric trace metals contamination: A 500-year record from the Puruogangri ice core. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1349-1363. [PMID: 28605854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A ~500-year section of ice core (1497-1992) from the Puruogangri ice cap has been analyzed at high resolution for 28 trace elements (TEs: Ag, Al, As, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Nb, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sn, Sr, Ti, Tl, U, V and Zn) to assess different atmospheric contributions to the ice and provide a temporal perspective on the diverse atmospheric influences over the central Tibetan Plateau (TP). At least two volcanic depositions have significantly impacted the central TP over the past 500years, possibly originating from the Billy Mitchell (1580, Papua New Guinea) and the Parker Peak (1641, Philippines) eruptions. A decreasing aeolian dust input to the ice cap allowed the detection of an atmospheric pollution signal. The anthropogenic pollution contribution emerges in the record since the early 1900s (for Sb and Cd) and increases substantially after 1935 (for Ag, Zn, Pb, Cd and Sb). The metallurgy (Zn, Pb and steel smelting) emission products (Cd, Zn, Pb and Ag) from the former Soviet Union and especially from central Asia (e.g., Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan) likely enhanced the anthropogenic deposition to the Puruogangri ice cap between 1935 and 1980, suggesting that the westerlies served as a conveyor of atmospheric pollution to central Tibet. The impact of this industrial pollution cumulated with that of the hemispheric coal and gasoline combustion which are respectively traced by Sb and Pb enrichment in the ice. The Chinese steel production accompanying the Great Leap Forward (1958-1961) and the Chinese Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) is proposed as a secondary but proximal source of Pb pollution affecting the ice cap between 1958 and 1976. The most recent decade (1980-1992) of the enrichment time series suggests that Puruogangri ice cap recorded the early Sb, Cd, Zn, Pb and Ag pollution originating from developing countries of South (i.e., India) and East (i.e., China) Asia and transported by the summer monsoonal circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Beaudon
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA.
| | - Paolo Gabrielli
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA; School of Earth Sciences, 275 Mendenhall Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - M Roxana Sierra-Hernández
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA
| | - Anna Wegner
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA
| | - Lonnie G Thompson
- Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1002, USA; School of Earth Sciences, 275 Mendenhall Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 125 South Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Xing J, Song J, Yuan H, Wang Q, Li X, Li N, Duan L, Qu B. Atmospheric wet deposition of dissolved trace elements to Jiaozhou Bay, North China: Fluxes, sources and potential effects on aquatic environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:428-436. [PMID: 28187389 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the fluxes, seasonal variations, sources and potential ecological effects of dissolved trace elements (TEs) in atmospheric wet deposition (AWD), one-year wet precipitation samples were collected and determined for nine TEs in Jiaozhou Bay (JZB) between June 2015 and May 2016. Both the volume-weighted mean (VWM) concentration and flux sequence for the measured TEs was Al > Mn > Zn > Fe > Pb > Se > Cr > Cd > Co. Al was the most abundant TE with a VWM concentration and wet flux of 33.8 μg L-1 and 29.2 mg m-2 yr-1, which were 2 and 3 orders of magnitude higher than those of Co, respectively. The emission intensities of pollutants, rainfall amount and wind speed were the dominating factors influencing seasonal variations of TEs in AWD. Based on enrichment factors, correlation analysis and principal component analysis, most of the TEs in AWD were primarily originated from anthropogenic activities except for Al and Fe, which are typically derived from re-suspended soil dusts. Although the TE inputs by AWD were significantly lower than those by rivers, the TE inputs via short-term heavy rains would distinctly increase surface seawater TE concentrations and then pollute the marine environment of JZB. AWD would have both profound impacts on the biogeochemical cycles of TEs and dual ecological effects (nutrient and toxicity) on aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinming Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Huamao Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ning Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Liqin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Baoxiao Qu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Function Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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25
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Zhu J, Wang Q, Yu H, Li M, He N. Heavy metal deposition through rainfall in Chinese natural terrestrial ecosystems: Evidences from national-scale network monitoring. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 164:128-133. [PMID: 27588571 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and urbanization have led to increasingly serious levels of atmospheric heavy metal pollution, which is one of the main sources of heavy metals to terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, it is essential to quantify atmospheric fluxes and explore their potential effects on natural ecosystems and human welfare. We monitored water-soluble heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr)) in rainfalls on a monthly basis in 2013 and 2014, at 31 field stations located in typical natural Chinese ecosystems. The average soluble Pb, Cd, and Cr deposition was 1.90 ± 1.54, 0.28 ± 0.25, and 0.96 ± 0.48 mg m-2 yr-1, respectively, with a large variation among the different sites. Generally, the atmospheric deposition of soluble Pb, Cd, and Cr was higher in the southwest, central, south, and north China than in the northwest and northeast China, Inner Mongolia, and Qinghai-Tibet. As expected, the atmospheric heavy soluble metal deposition fluxes were significantly correlated with the number of vehicles (Ps < 0.1). The wet deposition of soluble Pb and Cr was positively correlated with oil and coal consumption, unlike Cd deposition. Moreover, soluble Pb and Cd in atmospheric wet deposition were positively correlated with the contents of Pb and Cd in soil at different regions. In this study, atmospheric heavy metal deposition through rainfall in typical natural ecosystems in China is assessed at the national scale, alerting potential ecological hazards resulting from an increasing atmospheric heavy metal deposition and providing a basis for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiufeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Haili Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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26
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Gao Y, Hao Z, Yang T, He N, Tian J, Wen X. Wash effect of atmospheric trace metals wet deposition and its source characteristic in subtropical watershed in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20388-20401. [PMID: 27457553 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to better understand air pollution in deve-loping regions, such as China, it is important to investigate the wet deposition behavior of atmospheric trace metals and its sources in the subtropical watershed. This paper studies the seasonal change of trace metal concentrations in precipitation and other potential sources in a typical subtropical watershed (Jiazhuhe watershed) located in the downstream of the Yangtze River of China. The results show that typical crustal elements (Al, Fe) and trace element (Zn) have high seasonal variation patterns and these elements have higher contents in precipitation as compared to other metals in Jiazhuhe watershed. In addition, there is no observed Pb in base flow in this study, and the concentration magnitudes of Al, Ba, Fe, Mn, Sr, and Zn in base flow are significantly higher than that of other metals. During different rainfall events, the dynamic export processes are also different for trace metals. The various trace metals dynamic export processes lead to an inconsistent mass first flush and a significant accumulative variance throughout the rainfall events. It is found that in this region, most of the trace metals in precipitation are from anthropogenic emission and marine aerosols brought by typhoon and monsoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhuo Hao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefa Wen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
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