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Dai J, Wen D, Li H, Yang J, Rao X, Yang Y, Yang J, Yang C, Yu J. Effect of hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) on the growth and development of tobacco seedlings in absence of stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:162. [PMID: 38429726 PMCID: PMC10908218 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a novel signaling molecule involved in the growth and development of plants and their response to stress. However, the involvement of H2S in promoting the growth and development of tobacco plants is still unclear. RESULTS In this study, we explored the effect of pre-soaking or irrigating the roots of tobacco plants with 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 mM of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) on endogenous H2S production, antioxidant enzymatic and cysteine desulfhydrase activities, seed germination, agronomic traits, photosynthetic pigments contents, and root vigor. The results revealed that exogenous NaHS treatment could significantly promote endogenous H2S production by inducing gene expression of D/L-CD and the activities of D/L-CD enzymes. Additionally, a significant increase in the agronomic traits and the contents of photosynthetic pigments, and no significant difference in carotenoid content among tobacco plants treated with 0.0 to 8.0 mM of NaHS was observed. Additionally, a significant increase in the germination speed, dry weight, and vigor of tobacco seeds, whereas no significant effect on the percentage of seed germination was observed on NaHS treatment. Furthermore, NaHS treatment could significantly increase the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes, which reduces damage due to oxidative stress by maintaining reactive oxygen species homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These results would aid in enhancing our understanding of the involvement of H2S, a novel signaling molecule to promote the growth and development of tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingcheng Dai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Dingxin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hao Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan , Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jingpeng Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan , Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiongfei Rao
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan , Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jiangke Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
- Pilot Base of Food Microbial Resources Utilization of Hubei Province, College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430024, China
| | - Chunlei Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan , Hubei, 430030, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan , Hubei, 430030, China.
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2
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Liu H, Li Y, Peng T, Xue S. Transmembrane potential, an indicator in situ reporting cellular senescence and stress response in plant tissues. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:27. [PMID: 36945027 PMCID: PMC10029184 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant cells usually sustain a stable membrane potential due to influx and/or efflux of charged ions across plasma membrane. With the growth and development of plants, different tissues and cells undergo systemic or local programmed decline. Whether the membrane potential of plasma membrane could report senescence signal of plant tissues and cells is unclear. RESULTS We applied a maneuverable transmembrane potential (TMP) detection method with patch-clamp setup to examine the senescence signal of leaf tissue cells in situ over the whole life cycle in Arabidopsis thaliana. The data showed that the TMPs of plant tissues and cells were varied at different growth stages, and the change of TMP was higher at the vegetative growth stage than at the reproductive stage of plant growth. The distinct change of TMP was detectable between the normal and the senescent tissues and cells in several plant species. Moreover, diverse abiotic stimuli, such as heat stress, hyperpolarized the TMP in a short time, followed by depolarized membrane potential with the senescence occurring. We further examined the TMP of plant chloroplasts, which also indicates the senescence signal in organelles. CONCLUSIONS This convenient TMP detection method can report the senescence signal of plant tissues and cells, and can also indicate the potential of plant tolerance to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yufei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ting Peng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shaowu Xue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Lin YJ, Feng XH, Feng YX. Regulation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in rice seedlings against chromium stress through sodium hydrosulfide and sodium nitroprusside. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25851-25862. [PMID: 36346523 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) play a well-organized protective mechanism in coping with oxidative stress induced by toxic metals. However, the comparative effects of H2S and NO on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in plants under Cr(III) stress have not been defined. In this study, we mathematically evaluate the importance of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on these two antioxidant systems in rice seedlings under Cr(III) stress. The results displayed that the optimal dose of NaHS and SNP was 100 μM and 75 μM, respectively, in rice tissues under Cr(III) stress, judging by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in rice tissues. When rice seedlings were exposed to Cr(III) at concentrations of 3.57, 7.24, 26.52 mg Cr/l, Cr-induced ROS accumulation had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the lipid peroxidation of cell membrane in rice tissues, and decreased the response of SOD, CAT, Pro, GSH, and AsA in rice tissues. Application of exogenous NaHS and SNP effectively (p < 0.05) alleviated the toxic effects of Cr(III) in rice seedlings by activating different antioxidants. A novel physiological response model suggested that the regulatory effect of NaHS and SNP on non-enzymatic antioxidants was stronger than that of enzymatic antioxidants. Moreover, NaHS-mediated response intensity of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants was greater than that of SNP, suggesting the importance of utilizing NaHS over SNP as antioxidant regulators during detoxification of Cr(III) in rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Hui Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xi Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
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Atta MI, Zehra SS, Dai DQ, Ali H, Naveed K, Ali I, Sarwar M, Ali B, Iqbal R, Bawazeer S, Abdel-Hameed UK, Ali I. Amassing of heavy metals in soils, vegetables and crop plants irrigated with wastewater: Health risk assessment of heavy metals in Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1080635. [PMID: 36756229 PMCID: PMC9901364 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1080635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Human health is the main concern related to use of crop products irrigated with contaminated irrigation sources. Present research has been conducted to explore heavy metal status of sewage and industrial wastewater being used up for irrigation purpose in the peri-urban areas of the district Dera Ghazi Khan which has not been explored widely before. The analysis also followed heavy metal detection in the subsequent irrigated soil and vegetables/crop plants in relation to assessment of health risk to the consumer to plan the future monitoring in this area. An unremitting boost of heavy metals into the environment from wastewater irrigation has become a global issue. These heavy metals enter the food chain and pose health assumptions to consumers upon utilization. In the present study, an investigation has been conducted to determine metal concentrations in the wastewater, soil, and different plant species. For wastewater samples, pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and selected heavy metals such as Al, As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn, and Ni were determined. The mean values of heavy metals in the soil samples were within the WHO/FAO safe limit, while Cr and Pb were the most frequent (100%) among the metals. However, differentiating the sites, the concentration of Cr and Cu, Ni, and Fe were elevated. The metal transfer was highly effective from soil to the growing plants i.e. brinjal, red corn, wheat, tomato, and spinach than other plant species. Among the metals, Cr, Ni, Mn, and Pb in plant samples were exceeding the WHO/FAO safe limit. Health risk index (HRI) have revealed the possible potential risk of heavy metal contaminated plant species in the order of spinach (6.4) > wheat (6.4) > brinjal (5.9) > tomato (4.7) > red corn (4.5) > apple gourd (4.3) > white corn (3.8) > cabbage (3.1) > luffa (2.9). Likewise, HRI of different metals was calculated as Cu (19.6) > Zn (17.9) > Cr (2.95) > Ni (0.85) > Mn (0.48) > Fe (0.15) > Cd (0.11) > Pb (0.05) > As (0.00001). The level of HRI through the use of dietary plants revealed an elevated risk level than the acceptable limit (HRI > 1) for Cu > Zn > Cr in adults. Our findings suggest that there would be a serious health risk to the consumers due to the consumption of these plant species being irrigated with the wastewater. Therefore, a strict regulatory mechanism is proposed for the safety of food plants in the study area including monitoring and recycling of crop plants, and building water treatment plants to remove pollutants and clean wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Atta
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sadaf Zehra
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Dong-Qin Dai
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Yunnan Engineering Research Center of Fruit Wine, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China
| | - Habib Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Naveed
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sub campus Depalpur, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sarwar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sub campus Depalpur, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama K. Abdel-Hameed
- Biology Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Pakistan
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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He XL, Zhang WQ, Zhang NN, Wen SM, Chen J. Hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide regulate the adaptation to iron deficiency through affecting Fe homeostasis and thiol redox modification in Glycine max seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:1-14. [PMID: 36368221 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is a vital microelement required for the growth and development of plants. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO), as messenger molecules, participated in the regulation of plant physiological processes. Here, we studied the interaction effects of H2S and NO on the adaptation to Fe deficiency in Glycine max L. Physiological, biochemical and molecular approaches were conducted to analyze the role of H2S and NO in regulating the adaptation to Fe deficiency in soybean. We found that H2S and NO had obvious rescuing function on the Fe deficiency-induced the plant growth inhibition, which was significantly correlated with the increase in Fe content in the leaves, stems, and roots of soybean. Meanwhile, H+-flux, ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity, and root apoplast Fe content were significantly affected by H2S and NO. Under Fe deficiency conditions NO and H2S regulated the expression of genes related to Fe homeostasis. Moreover, photosynthesis (Pn) and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency were enhanced by H2S and NO, and thiol redox modification was important for regulating the adaptation of Fe deficiency. The aforementioned affirmative influences caused by H2S and NO were also totally reversed by cPTIO (a NO scavenger). Our results suggested that H2S might act upstream of NO in response to Fe deficiency by affecting the Fe homeostasis enzyme activities and gene expression, and by promoting Fe accumulation in plant tissues as well as by enhancing thiol redox modification and photosynthesis in soybean plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Li He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Wei-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Ni-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Shi-Ming Wen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China.
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6
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Khan I, Awan SA, Rizwan M, Ali S, Zhang X, Huang L. Arsenic behavior in soil-plant system and its detoxification mechanisms in plants: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117389. [PMID: 34058445 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is one of the most toxic and cancer-causing metals which is generally entered the food chain via intake of As contaminated water or food and harmed the life of living things especially human beings. Therefore, the reduction of As content in the food could be of great importance for healthy life. To reduce As contamination in the soil and food, the evaluation of plant-based As uptake and transportation mechanisms is critically needed. Different soil factors such as physical and chemical properties of soil, soil pH, As speciation, microbial abundance, soil phosphates, mineral nutrients, iron plaques and roots exudates effectively regulate the uptake and accumulation of As in different parts of plants. The detoxification mechanisms of As in plants depend upon aquaporins, membrane channels and different transporters that actively control the influx and efflux of As inside and outside of plant cells, respectively. The xylem loading is responsible for long-distance translocation of As and phloem loading involves in the partitioning of As into the grains. However, As detoxification mechanism based on the clear understandings of how As uptake, accumulations and translocation occur inside the plants and which factors participate to regulate these processes. Thus, in this review we emphasized the different soil factors and plant cell transporters that are critically responsible for As uptake, accumulation, translocation to different organs of plants to clearly understand the toxicity reasons in plants. This study could be helpful for further research to develop such strategies that may restrict As entry into plant cells and lead to high crop yield and safe food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Khan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Samrah Afzal Awan
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Xinquan Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Linkai Huang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Chen J, Zhang NN, Pan Q, Lin XY, Shangguan Z, Zhang JH, Wei GH. Hydrogen sulphide alleviates iron deficiency by promoting iron availability and plant hormone levels in Glycine max seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:383. [PMID: 32819279 PMCID: PMC7441670 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is involved in regulating physiological processes in plants. We investigated how H2S ameliorates iron (Fe) deficiency in soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings. Multidisciplinary approaches including physiological, biochemical and molecular, and transcriptome methods were used to investigate the H2S role in regulating Fe availability in soybean seedlings. RESULTS Our results showed that H2S completely prevented leaf interveinal chlorosis and caused an increase in soybean seedling biomass under Fe deficiency conditions. Moreover, H2S decreased the amount of root-bound apoplastic Fe and increased the Fe content in leaves and roots by regulating the ferric-chelate reductase (FCR) activities and Fe homeostasis- and sulphur metabolism-related gene expression levels, thereby promoting photosynthesis in soybean seedlings. In addition, H2S changed the plant hormone concentrations by modulating plant hormone-related gene expression abundances in soybean seedlings grown in Fe-deficient solution. Furthermore, organic acid biosynthesis and related genes expression also played a vital role in modulating the H2S-mediated alleviation of Fe deficiency in soybean seedlings. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that Fe deficiency was alleviated by H2S through enhancement of Fe acquisition and assimilation, thereby regulating plant hormones and organic acid synthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Ni-Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Qing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Yuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Zhouping Shangguan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Ge-Hong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, P.R. China.
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Salazar-Chavarría V, Sánchez-Nieto S, Cruz-Ortega R. Fagopyrum esculentum at early stages copes with aluminum toxicity by increasing ABA levels and antioxidant system. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 152:170-176. [PMID: 32422533 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum toxicity (Al) is one of the main constraints for plant growth on acid soils. While most plants are sensitive to Al, some species have developed strategies to cope with this metal. Fagopyrum esculentum, Moench., var Mancan (Polygonaceae), despite being an aluminum-tolerant plant, shows root inhibition as a seedling during the first hours of exposure to Al, whereas at later times, it fully recovers. In this study, we assessed whether abscisic acid (ABA) levels and the antioxidant system might be involved in the early tolerance mechanisms of F. esculentum. The results showed that seedlings exposed to 50 μM Al for 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h showed decreases in the relative root growth (RRG), and there was an accumulation of Al in the root apex from 3 to 24 h. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increased, and were detected early after Al exposure; endogenous ABA levels increased and antioxidant enzyme activity increased, including catalase (CAT, EC1.11.1.6), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), and superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) activity. Seedlings treated with exogenous ABA also showed increased ROS levels and CAT and APX activity. The results suggest that after the first 12 h of Al treatment, root growth declines while ROS levels increase due to the entrance of Al into the root. However, the enzyme antioxidant system is promoted, which may impact the recovery of the root growth at later times and increasing levels of ABA might mediate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Salazar-Chavarría
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Circuito exterior Universitario S/N anexo Jardín Botánico exterior Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico
| | - Sobeida Sánchez-Nieto
- Facultad de Química, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, C.P, 04500, Mexico
| | - Rocío Cruz-Ortega
- Instituto de Ecología, UNAM, Circuito exterior Universitario S/N anexo Jardín Botánico exterior Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico.
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Kaya C, Akram NA, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Exogenously supplied silicon (Si) improves cadmium tolerance in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by up-regulating the synthesis of nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide. J Biotechnol 2020; 316:35-45. [PMID: 32315687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The current research was aimed to observe the interactive role of silicon-generated hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) on tolerance of pepper (Capsicum annum L.) plants to cadmium (Cd). Thus, the pepper plants were subjected to control (no Cd) or cadmium stress with and without Si supplementation. Significant decreases were found in plant dry weights, water potential, PSII maximum efficiency, glutathione (GSH), total chlorophyll, relative water content, Ca2+ and K+ concentrations and ascorbate, but there was a significant increase in H2O2, MDA, electron leakage (EL), proline, key antioxidant enzymes' activities, and endogenous Cd, NO and H2S in the Cd-stressed plants. Silicon enhanced Cd tolerance of the pepper plants by lowering the leaf Cd concentration, oxidative stress, enhancing the antioxidant defence system, leaf Si content, photosynthetic traits and plant growth as well as the contents of NO, proline and H2S. Furthermore, foliar-applied NO scavenger, cPTIO, and that of H2S, hypotaurine (HT), significantly decreased the levels of H2S alone, but cPTIO effectively reduced the concentrations of NO and H2S accumulated by Si in the Cd-stressed plants. The positive effect of Si was eliminated by cPTIO, but not by HT, suggesting that both molecules were involved in Si-induced improvement in Cd tolerance of the pepper plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | | | | | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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10
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Kaya C, Aslan M. Hydrogen sulphide partly involves in thiamine-induced tolerance to cadmium toxicity in strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch) plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:941-953. [PMID: 31820241 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Although thiamine (THI) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) both have widely been tested in the plant under stress conditions, cross talk between THI and H2S in the acquisition of cadmium (Cd) stress tolerance needs to be studied. So, an experiment was designed to study the participation of endogenous H2S in THI-induced tolerance to Cd stress in strawberry plants. A foliar spray solution containing THI (50 mg L-1) was sprayed once a week for 4 weeks to the foliage of strawberry plants under Cd stress (1.0 mM CdCl2). The plant dry weight, total chlorophyll, maximum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), leaf potassium (K+) and calcium (Ca2+) as well as leaf water potential were significantly reduced, but the proline, ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), electron leakage (EL) and leaf Cd as well as endogenous H2S and NO were increased by Cd stress. Application of THI alleviated the oxidative damage due to Cd stress and caused a further elevation in endogenous H2S and NO contents. Remarkably, THI-induced Cd stress tolerance was further improved by addition of sodium hydrosulfide (0.2 mM NaHS), a H2S donor. To get an insight whether or not H2S involved in THI-improved tolerance to Cd toxicity in strawberry plants, an H2S scavenger, hypotaurine (HT 0.1 mM), was supplied along with the THI and NaHS treatments. THI-improved tolerance to Cd stress was partly reversed by HT by reducing leaf H2S and NO to the level and above of these under Cd toxicity alone, respectively. The findings evidently showed that leaf H2S and NO together involved in induced tolerance to Cd toxicity by THI. This evidence was also proved by the partly increases in MDA and H2O2 and decreases in antioxidant defence enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase as well as the plant biomass and partly enhanced leaf Cd content by exogenous applied HT along with THI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Agriculture Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Aslan
- Biology Department, Education Faculty, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
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Aslam M, Aslam A, Sheraz M, Ali B, Ulhassan Z, Najeeb U, Zhou W, Gill RA. Lead Toxicity in Cereals: Mechanistic Insight Into Toxicity, Mode of Action, and Management. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:587785. [PMID: 33633751 PMCID: PMC7901902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.587785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cereals are the major contributors to global food supply, accounting for more than half of the total human calorie requirements. Sustainable availability of quality cereal grains is an important step to address the high-priority issue of food security. High concentrations of heavy metals specifically lead (Pb) in the soil negatively affect biochemical and physiological processes regulating grain quality in cereals. The dietary intake of Pb more than desirable quantity via food chain is a major concern for humans, as it can predispose individuals to chronic health issues. In plant systems, high Pb concentrations can disrupt several key metabolic processes such as electron transport chain, cellular organelles integrity, membrane stability index, PSII connectivity, mineral metabolism, oxygen-evolving complex, and enzymatic activity. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been recommended as an inexpensive strategy for remediating Pb-contaminated soils. A diverse group of Ascomycetes fungi, i.e., dark septate endophytes is successfully used for this purpose. A symbiotic relationship between endophytes and host cereal induces Pb tolerance by immobilizing Pb ions. Molecular and cellular modifications in plants under Pb-stressed environments are explained by transcription factor families such as bZIP, ERF, and GARP as a regulator. The role of metal tolerance protein (MTP), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP), and heavy metal ATPase in decreasing Pb toxicity is well known. In the present review, we provided the contemporary synthesis of existing data regarding the effects of Pb toxicity on morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of major cereal crops. We also highlighted the mechanism/s of Pb uptake and translocation in plants, critically discussed the possible management strategies and way forward to overcome the menace of Pb toxicity in cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Aslam
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sheraz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zaid Ulhassan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ullah Najeeb
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Crop Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Weijun Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rafaqat Ali Gill
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/The Key Laboratory of Biology and GeneticImprovement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Rafaqat Ali Gill, ;
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Chlorophyll degradation and carotenoid biosynthetic pathways: Gene expression and pigment content in broccoli during yellowing. Food Chem 2019; 297:124964. [PMID: 31253313 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.124964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Broccoli undergoes yellowing in unfavorable conditions, thereby diminishing the sensory quality and commodity value. This study aimed to investigate systematically cellular and/or biomolecular changes involved in broccoli yellowing by analyzing changes in microstructural integrity, pigment content, and gene expression. On day-5 of storage at 20 °C, the buds turned yellow without blooming and showed structural damage; ultrastructural analysis revealed plastid transformation and abnormal chloroplast development. Genes regulating pigment content and chloroplast structure directly were identified. More specifically, BoCAO and BoNYC1 regulated chlorophyll turnover, affecting chlorophyll a and b contents. Changes in the β-cryptoxanthin content were influenced by the combined action of up- (BoHYD) and downstream (BoZEP) genes. BoZEP and BoVDE were activated after cold-temperature induction. High BoHO1 expression delayed yellowing at low temperature, inducing BoZEP expression. Color intensity correlated significantly with the chlorophyll b, β-cryptoxanthin, and β-carotene contents, which were associated with increased yellowing of plant tissues.
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He H, Li Y, He LF. The central role of hydrogen sulfide in plant responses to toxic metal stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 157:403-408. [PMID: 29653374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increase of industrial wastes, sewage irrigation, chemical fertilizers and pesticides, metal contamination is increasingly serious. How to reduce the environmental risk has become a compelling problem in cultivated land. As a gaseous signal molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in multiple plant responses to toxic metal stress. Metal stress rapidly triggers endogenous H2S production and exogenous H2S alleviates metal toxicity in plants. To elucidate the role of H2S in metal tolerance, the physiological and molecular mechanisms of H2S in alleviating metal toxicity is necessary to be reviewed. Here, the latest progress on endogenous H2S metabolism and the role of H2S in plant responses to toxic metal stress were summarized and discussed. The mechanisms of exogenous H2S in alleviating metal toxicity is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyi He
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China; Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqiu Li
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Fei He
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Huo J, Huang D, Zhang J, Fang H, Wang B, Wang C, Liao W. Hydrogen Sulfide: A Gaseous Molecule in Postharvest Freshness. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1172. [PMID: 30210510 PMCID: PMC6119812 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as a signaling molecule, is involved in the regulation of growth and development in plants. Recent studies have indicated that H2S also plays important roles in regulating postharvest senescence of horticultural products. The focus of this review is to summarize the synthesis of H2S in plants and its potential roles in alleviating the senescence of cut flowers, fruits, and vegetables during postharvest storage. During postharvest of horticultural products, H2S could scavenge reactive oxygen species via promoting the activity of antioxidant enzymes, thereby, sustaining the integrity of the membrane. In fruits, H2S effectively enhanced the tolerance of chilling by increasing the content of proline and polyphenol compounds. During postharvest storage of perishable fruits and vegetables, H2S significantly alleviated decay, which was caused by fungi by inhibiting the growth of fungi spores. Moreover, H2S interacted with other molecules synergistically (NO) or antagonistically (ethylene) to alleviate senescence of horticultural products. At the transcriptional level, H2S regulated the expression of senescence-related genes, which were related to degradation of proteins and chlorophyll, to delay the senescence of horticultural products. Thus, H2S does not only possess positive antioxidant and antifungal properties, but also significantly regulates the senescence-related gene during postharvest of horticultural products. Future studies of H2S in postharvest storage should focus on its molecular mechanism in the posttranslational modifications of proteins as well as its safety attributes in treated fruits and vegetables.
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Rizwan M, Ali S, Zaheer Akbar M, Shakoor MB, Mahmood A, Ishaque W, Hussain A. Foliar application of aspartic acid lowers cadmium uptake and Cd-induced oxidative stress in rice under Cd stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21938-21947. [PMID: 28780693 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of farmland soils is a widespread problem around the globe, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) tends to accumulate more Cd and is considered as one of the major sources of Cd intake in humans, especially consuming rice-derived products. The current study investigated the effects of foliar applied aspartic acid (Asp) on growth parameters, biomass, chlorophyll concentration, gas exchange characteristics, Cd uptake, and antioxidative capacity in the shoots and roots of rice seedlings exposed to Cd stress. For this, 30-day-old rice nursery was transferred in the soil with aged Cd contamination (2.86 mg kg-1). After 2 weeks of growth, different concentrations (0, 10, 15, and 20 mg L-1) of Asp were foliar applied four times with a 7-day interval, and the crop was harvested after 10 weeks of transplanting. Foliar applied Asp increased the plant height, shoot and root dry weight, chlorophyll concentration, and gas exchange parameters, while it reduced the Cd concentrations in both shoots and roots as well as shoot to root Cd translocation factor compared to the control. Foliar application of Asp reduced the malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage in rice parts compared to the control in a dose-additive manner. The activities of key antioxidant enzymes increased while peroxidase activity decreased by exogenous Asp. The increase in plant weight and photosynthesis might be due to lower Cd concentrations in plants which may reduce the oxidative stress and also help the plants to minimize direct damage caused by Cd to the photosynthetic organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaheer Akbar
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Shakoor
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abid Mahmood
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Ishaque
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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Nahar MNEN, Islam MM, Hoque MA, Yonezawa A, Prodhan MY, Nakamura T, Nakamura Y, Munemasa S, Murata Y. Exogenous proline enhances the sensitivity of Tobacco BY-2 cells to arsenate. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1726-1731. [PMID: 28622092 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1340088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic causes physiological and structural disorders in plants. Proline is accumulated as a compatible solute in plants under various stress conditions and mitigates stresses. Here, we investigated the effects of exogenous proline on tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cultured cells under [Formula: see text] stress. Arsenate did not inhibit BY-2 cell growth at 40 and 50 μM but did it at 60 μM. Proline at 0.5 to 10 mM did not affect the cell growth but delayed it at 20 mM. At 40 μM [Formula: see text], neither 0.5 mM nor 1 mM proline affected the cell growth but 10 mM proline inhibited it. In the presence of [Formula: see text], 10 mM proline increased the number of Evans Blue-stained (dead) cells and decreased the number of total cells. Together, our results suggest that exogenous proline does not alleviate arsenate toxicity but enhances the sensitivity of BY-2 cells to arsenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Nur-E-Nazmun Nahar
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | | | - Md Anamul Hoque
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Anna Yonezawa
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Md Yeasin Prodhan
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- a Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science , Okayama University , Okayama , Japan
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Methane enhances aluminum resistance in alfalfa seedlings by reducing aluminum accumulation and reestablishing redox homeostasis. Biometals 2017; 30:719-732. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Parveen M, Asaeda T, Rashid MH. Biochemical adaptations of four submerged macrophytes under combined exposure to hypoxia and hydrogen sulphide. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182691. [PMID: 28777815 PMCID: PMC5544214 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate the stress responses and biochemical adaptations of four submerged macrophytes, Potamogeton crispus, Myriophyllum spicatum, Egeria densa, and Potamogeton oxyphyllus, to the combined exposure of hypoxia and hydrogen sulfide (H2S, provided by NaHS). The investigated plants were subjected to a control, hypoxia, 0.1mM NaHS, 0.5 mM NaHS, 0.1 mM NaHS+hypoxia and 0.5 mM NaHS+hypoxia conditions. All experimental plants grew optimally under control, hypoxic and NaHS conditions in comparison to that grown in the combined exposure of hypoxia and hydrogen sulfide. For P. crispus and M. spicatum, significant decreases of total chlorophyll and increases in oxidative stress (measured by hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, and malondialdehyde, MDA) were observed with exposure to both sulfide concentrations. However, the decrease in catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) from exposure to 0.5 mM NaHS suggests that the function of the protective enzymes reached their limit under these conditions. In contrast, for E. densa and P. oxyphyllus, the higher activities of the three antioxidative enzymes and their anaerobic respiration abilities (ADH activity) resulted in higher tolerance and susceptibility under high sulfide concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuza Parveen
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Asaeda
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
- Research Institute of Chuo University, Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Md H. Rashid
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Pandey P, Srivastava RK, Rajpoot R, Rani A, Pandey AK, Dubey RS. Water deficit and aluminum interactive effects on generation of reactive oxygen species and responses of antioxidative enzymes in the seedlings of two rice cultivars differing in stress tolerance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1516-1528. [PMID: 26374546 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) is a major constraint to crop productivity in acid soils, whereas water deficit severely limits crop production in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of both stresses, Al excess and water deficit, individually and in combination on the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide anion (O2˙(-)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical, and lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) in the seedlings of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cvs. Malviya-36 (sensitive to water deficit and Al) and Vandana (tolerant to water deficit and Al). When 15-day grown seedlings were exposed to water deficit (created with 15% polyethylene glycol, PEG-6000) or Al (1 mM AlCl3) treatment or both treatments together for 24-72 h, the lengths and fresh weights of root/shoot declined in the seedlings of the sensitive cultivar, whereas in the tolerant seedlings, either little or insignificant decline in these parameters was observed due to the treatments. Biochemical determinations and histochemical studies revealed that under a similar level of water deficit, Al, or combined treatment, seedlings of sensitive cultivar showed a higher level of production of O2˙(-), H2O2, hydroxyl radical, and lipid peroxides compared to the tolerant seedlings. Seedlings of tolerant cultivars, both in roots and shoots, had constitutively higher activity levels of antioxidative enzymes SOD, CAT, and GPX and showed a greater increase in activity under water deficit or Al treatment alone or in combination compared to the similarly treated seedlings of sensitive cultivar. Our results suggest that a lower constitutive level of ROS and a high antioxidative enzyme capacity are associated with tolerance to both water deficit and Al excess in rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | | | - Ritika Rajpoot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anjana Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - R S Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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