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Costopoulou D, Kedikoglou K, Vafeiadi M, Roumeliotaki T, Margetaki K, Stephanou EG, Myridakis A, Leondiadis L. Systematic investigation of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls blood levels in Greek children from the Rhea birth cohort suggests historical exposure to DDT and through diet to DDE. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108686. [PMID: 38669722 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The blood levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been thoroughly investigated in Greek children from the Rhea birth cohort study. This investigation aimed to assess exposure levels, explore their possible relationship with children's age and sex, and indicate potential sources of exposure. Exposure patterns and common sources of PCBs and OCPs were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistics. A total of 947 blood samples from study participants were analyzed for OCP and PCB exposure, with 375 samples collected at 4 years old, 239 at 6.5 years old, and 333 at 11 years old. Elevated levels of DDE were observed in 6.5-year-old children compared to corresponding levels in other European countries. Higher levels of DDE were found in 4-year-old children, with the lowest concentrations in the 11-year-old group. The DDT/DDE ratio was consistently less than 1 among all the examined subjects. These results indicate exposure to DDT and DDE both in utero and through breastfeeding and dietary intake. For the entire cohort population, the highest concentration was determined for PCB 28, followed by PCBs 138, 153, and 180. The sum of the six indicator PCBs implied low exposure levels for the majority of the cohort population. Spearman correlations revealed strong associations between PCBs and OCPs, while principal component analysis identified two different groupings of exposure. DDE exhibited a correlation with a series of PCBs (153, 156, 163, 180), indicating a combined OCP-PCB source, and an anticorrelation with others (52, 28, 101), implying a separate and competing source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danae Costopoulou
- Mass Spectrometry and Dioxin Analysis Laboratory, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Neapoleos 27, 15310 Athens, Greece.
| | - Kleopatra Kedikoglou
- Mass Spectrometry and Dioxin Analysis Laboratory, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Neapoleos 27, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Marina Vafeiadi
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Theano Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Katerina Margetaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Euripides G Stephanou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Voutes University Campus, 70013 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Antonis Myridakis
- Centre for Pollution Research & Policy, Environmental Sciences, Brunel University London, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Leondios Leondiadis
- Mass Spectrometry and Dioxin Analysis Laboratory, INRASTES, NCSR "Demokritos", Neapoleos 27, 15310 Athens, Greece
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Retinol and Pro-Vitamin A Carotenoid Nutritional Status during Pregnancy Is Associated with Newborn Hearing Screen Results. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040800. [PMID: 36839158 PMCID: PMC9967333 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prenatal period is critical for auditory development; thus, prenatal influences on auditory development may significantly impact long-term hearing ability. While previous studies identified a protective effect of carotenoids on adult hearing, the impact of these nutrients on hearing outcomes in neonates is not well understood. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between maternal and umbilical cord plasma retinol and carotenoid concentrations and abnormal newborn hearing screen (NHS) results. Mother-infant dyads (n = 546) were enrolled at delivery. Plasma samples were analyzed using HPLC and LC-MS/MS. NHS results were obtained from medical records. Statistical analysis utilized Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regression models, with p ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant. Abnormal NHS results were observed in 8.5% of infants. Higher median cord retinol (187.4 vs. 162.2 μg/L, p = 0.01), maternal trans-β-carotene (206.1 vs. 149.4 μg/L, p = 0.02), maternal cis-β-carotene (15.9 vs. 11.2 μg/L, p = 0.02), and cord trans-β-carotene (15.5 vs. 8.0 μg/L, p = 0.04) were associated with abnormal NHS. Significant associations between natural log-transformed retinol and β-carotene concentrations and abnormal NHS results remained after adjustment for smoking status, maternal age, and corrected gestational age. Further studies should investigate if congenital metabolic deficiencies, pesticide contamination of carotenoid-rich foods, maternal hypothyroidism, or other variables mediate this relationship.
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Exploring the association of organochlorine pesticides exposure and hearing impairment in United States adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11887. [PMID: 35831449 PMCID: PMC9279322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) is a highly prevalent public health concern. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are widely used environmental pollutants harmful to human health. Studies investigating the effects of OCPs exposure on the auditory system in the general population are rare. To explore the association between OCPs exposure and HL in adults, 366 adults aged 20–69 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003–2004) were investigated. HL was defined as a pure-tone average (PTA) ≥ 20 dB in the better ear. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the association of four selected serum OCPs with PTAs and the risk of HL. In participants aged < 60 years, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p, p'-DDE) exposure was positively associated with low- and speech-frequency PTAs, and with low-frequency HL, respectively. Risk of HL increased in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile of serum HCB and p, p'-DDE (odds ratio [OR]: 4.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97–19.80; OR: 16.66, 95% CI: 2.64–105.09, respectively). In this study of US adults aged < 60 years, HCB and p, p'-DDE exposure was positively associated with HL. HCB and p, p'-DDE may be potential risk factors for HL.
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Zhang J, Li C, Yin S, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wang S, Xu X, Liu W, Xu L. Environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides and its association with the risk of hearing loss in the Chinese adult population: A case-control study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:145153. [PMID: 33636793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss is a common chronic sensory deficit that has become a major public health concern worldwide. Hearing loss is well documented to be induced by noise and ototoxic drugs, and the association of hearing loss with environmental pollutants has received increasing attention. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are an important group of environmental pollutants that exist ubiquitously in the human body and continue to represent a significant environmental health concern. Our case-control study was performed to explore the association between serum levels of OCPs and the risk of hearing loss in China, including 87 case-control pairs. Serum concentrations of 15 OCPs were measured. Pearson's correlation analysis and principal component analysis of frequently detected (>80%) OCPs showed a different distribution pattern, indicating possible exposure sources/scenarios for the case-control adult population. A higher α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) level was a risk factor for an increased prevalence of hearing loss. The risk of hearing loss was increased by approximately 5.25-fold in the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile. Furthermore, a significant association of the α-HCH level with an increased hearing threshold was observed at mid/high frequencies. This study provided the first evidence indicating that exposure to α-HCH might be a potential risk factor for hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Zhang
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Chenhui Li
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Shichang Wang
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Xianrong Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Weiping Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Liangwen Xu
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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Simhadri JJ, Loffredo CA, Trnovec T, Murinova LP, Nunlee-Bland G, Koppe JG, Schoeters G, Jana SS, Ghosh S. Biomarkers of metabolic disorders and neurobehavioral diseases in a PCB- exposed population: What we learned and the implications for future research. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110211. [PMID: 32937175 PMCID: PMC7658018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the original twelve classes of toxic chemicals covered by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP), an international environmental treaty signed in 2001. PCBs are present in the environment as mixtures of multiple isomers at different degree of chlorination. These compounds are manmade and possess useful industrial properties including extreme longevity under harsh conditions, heat absorbance, and the ability to form an oily liquid at room temperature that is useful for electrical utilities and in other industrial applications. They have been widely used for a wide range of industrial purposes over the decades. Despite a ban in production in 1979 in the US and many other countries, they remain persistent and ubiquitous in environment as contaminants due to their improper disposal. Humans, independent of where they live, are therefore exposed to PCBs, which are routinely found in random surveys of human and animal tissues. The prolonged exposures to PCBs have been associated with the development of different diseases and disorders, and they are classified as endocrine disruptors. Due to its ability to interact with thyroid hormone, metabolism and function, they are thought to be implicated in the global rise of obesity diabetes, and their potential toxicity for neurodevelopment and disorders, an example of gene by environmental interaction (GxE). The current review is primarily intended to summarize the evidence for the association of PCB exposures with increased risks for metabolic dysfunctions and neurobehavioral disorders. In particular, we present evidence of gene expression alterations in PCB-exposed populations to construct the underlying pathways that may lead to those diseases and disorders in course of life. We conclude the review with future perspectives on biomarker-based research to identify susceptible individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothirmai J Simhadri
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Departments of Oncology and of Biostatistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tomas Trnovec
- Department of Pediatrics, EKZ-AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Gail Nunlee-Bland
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Janna G Koppe
- Department of Pediatrics, EKZ-AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Dept. Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium & Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Somiranjan Ghosh
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA; Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
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6
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Goodman M, Li J, Flanders WD, Mahood D, Anthony LG, Zhang Q, LaKind JS. Epidemiology of PCBs and neurodevelopment: Systematic assessment of multiplicity and completeness of reporting. GLOBAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gloepi.2020.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Yin S, Zhang J, Guo F, Poma G, Covaci A, Liu W. Transplacental transfer mechanism of organochlorine pesticides: An in vitro transcellular transport study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 135:105402. [PMID: 31869730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show that, even after being banned for agricultural applications for over 30 years, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDXs), can still be found in various biological matrices and pose a potential hazard to the fetus in the womb. This study aimed to investigate the possible transplacental transfer mechanism of OCPs using an in vitro placental model. The results showed that for HCHs and DDXs, the placenta had a potential protection mechanism for the fetus by having higher efflux than intake active transport efficiency to transfer the xenobiotic out of the fetal circulation. No enantiomer-specific transport was observed for the chiral OCPs in vitro, hints simple diffusion played the major role in the transplacental transfer. Metabolic and transporter inhibitors were applied in the transepithelial transport experiment to evaluate the role that major transporting protein played in the active efflux process. The ATP production inhibitors were observed to have significant inhibition on transfer, proving the hypothesis that active transport participates in the transplacental transport of OCPs in humans. Multiple transporters contributed simultaneously in the active transport for the OCPs. In this study, we could confirm that the transplacental transfer of OCPs is a combination of simple diffusion and active transport. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily transporters on the placenta contribute in the active transport. These findings could improve the understanding of the mechanisms of transplacental transfer of the OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yin
- Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Fangjie Guo
- Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Weiping Liu
- Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Wacławek S, Silvestri D, Hrabák P, Padil VVT, Torres-Mendieta R, Wacławek M, Černík M, Dionysiou DD. Chemical oxidation and reduction of hexachlorocyclohexanes: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 162:302-319. [PMID: 31288141 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) and its isomers (HCH) are some of the most common and most easily detected organochlorine pesticides in the environment. The widespread distribution of lindane is due to its use as an insecticide, accompanied by its persistence and bioaccumulation, whereas HCH were disposed of as waste in unmanaged landfills. Unfortunately, certain HCH (especially the most reactive ones: γ- and α-HCH) are harmful to the central nervous system and to reproductive and endocrine systems, therefore development of suitable remediation methods is needed to remove them from contaminated soil and water. This paper provides a short history of the use of lindane and a description of the properties of HCH, as well as their determination methods. The main focus of the paper, however, is a review of oxidative and reductive treatment methods. Although these methods of HCH remediation are popular, there are no review papers summarising their principles, history, advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, recent advances in the chemical treatment of HCH are discussed and risks concerning these processes are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Wacławek
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniele Silvestri
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrabák
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Vinod V T Padil
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Torres-Mendieta
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Wacławek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Opole, ul. kard. B. Kominka 6, 45-032, Opole, Poland
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic.
| | - Dionysios D Dionysiou
- Environmental Engineering and Science Program, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, 705 Engineering Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45221-0012, USA
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Yin S, Zhang J, Guo F, Zhao L, Poma G, Covaci A, Liu W. Transplacental transfer of organochlorine pesticides: Concentration ratio and chiral properties. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104939. [PMID: 31252166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is limited information about the mechanism of the human transplacental transfer for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). This study aimed to evaluate the transplacental transfer of OCPs to better understand the influencing factors of exposure and transplacental efficiency. The study involved quantitative determination of OCPs and the enantiomer fraction (EF) of chiral OCPs in pregnant women from Wuhan, China. The results indicate that the exposure levels of OCPs varied in the order: maternal serum > cord serum > placenta. Chiral contaminants, such as α-HCH, o,p'-DDD and o,p'-DDT, were non-racemic in the three biological matrices, wherein EFα-HCH < 0.5, EFo,p'-DDD < 0.5, EFo,p'-DDT > 0.5. For HCHs, the concentration ratio between cord serum and maternal serum (Rcm) <1, while for DDXs, the Rcm ≈ 1, indicating that the transport efficiency of different pollutants is related to the physicochemical properties. These results showed that placenta seems to be a more efficient barrier for β-HCH than for p,p'-DDE. The concentration ratios across placenta significantly lower than 1 and the enantiomeric selective transfer imply that some OCPs may have more complicated maternal-fetus transfer mechanisms, involving both simple diffusion and active transport. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the transfer of OCPs and their enantiomer fractions across placenta. These findings could expand the database of chemical exposure in biological matrices and improve the understanding of the mechanisms of transplacental transfer of OCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fangjie Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Weiping Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, Institution of Environmental Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Fábelová L, Loffredo CA, Klánová J, Hilscherová K, Horvat M, Tihányi J, Richterová D, Palkovičová Murínová Ľ, Wimmerová S, Sisto R, Moleti A, Trnovec T. Environmental ototoxicants, a potential new class of chemical stressors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 171:378-394. [PMID: 30716515 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hearing loss is an injury that can develop over time, and people may not even be aware of it until it becomes a severe disability. Ototoxicants are substances that may damage the inner ear by either affecting the structures in the ear itself or by affecting the nervous system. We have examined the possibility that ototoxicants may present a health hazard in association with environmental exposures, adding to existing knowledge of their proven hazards under medical therapeutic conditions or occupational activities. In addition to the already described human environmental ototoxicants, mainly organochlorines such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), we have examined the ubiquitous chemical stressors phthalates, bisphenol A/S/F/, PFCs, flame retardants (FRs) and cadmium for potential ototoxic properties, both as single substances or as chemical mixtures. Our literature review confirmed that these chemicals may disturb thyroid hormones homeostasis, activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and induce oxidative stress, which in turn may initiate a chain of events resulting in impairment of cochlea and hearing loss. With regard to auditory plasticity, diagnostics of a mixture of effects of ototoxicants, potential interactions of chemical and physical agents with effects on hearing, parallel deterioration of hearing due to chemical exposures and ageing, metabolic diseases or obesity, even using specific methods as brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) or otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) registration, may be difficult, and establishment of concentration-response relationships problematic. This paper suggests the establishment of a class of environmental oxotoxicants next to the established classes of occupational and drug ototoxicants. This will help to properly manage risks associated with human exposure to chemical stressors with ototoxic properties and adequate regulatory measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Fábelová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C. 20057, USA
| | - Jana Klánová
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Hilscherová
- Masaryk University, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, RECETOX, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Juraj Tihányi
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Richterová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľubica Palkovičová Murínová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Renata Sisto
- INAIL, Research Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Arturo Moleti
- University of Roma, Tor Vergata, Department of Physics, Roma, Italy
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, Limbova 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Choi S, Kim HJ, Kim S, Choi G, Kim S, Park J, Shim SS, Lee I, Kim S, Moon HB, Choi K, Lee JJ, Kim SY. Current status of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) exposure among mothers and their babies of Korea-CHECK cohort study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:674-681. [PMID: 29122355 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the global ban, organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been a persistent and significant environmental health issue worldwide. Prenatal exposure to these persistent organic pollutants (POPs) has been identified as a major route of exposure among developing fetuses and newborn infants. Among Children's Health and Environmental Health of Korea (CHECK) cohort population, pregnant females (n=148) and their matching newborn infants (n=117) recruited from four cities of Korea in 2011 were investigated. The blood serum and cord blood serum were sampled at delivery, and measured for 19 OCPs and 19 PCBs. In addition, a questionnaire regarding demographic characteristics, and dietary habits were conducted. The most frequently detected POPs in both maternal blood and cord blood were p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene (DDE) (99% detection in maternal, and 98% in cord blood serum) and PCB153 (95% in maternal, 74% in cord blood serum). The levels of dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethanes (DDTs) in both maternal (average 82.5ng/g lw) and cord blood serum (average 77.5ng/g lw) were comparable to or greater than those reported in Japan about a decade ago. Approximately two thirds of the pregnant women and newborn infants showed the p,p'-DDE concentrations exceeding the biological equivalent (BE) corresponding to 10-6 excess cancer risk. In addition, less chlorinated PCBs were detected higher in both maternal and cord serum. Less chlorinated PCBs also showed greater transplacental ratio. Dairy consumption among the subjects was positively associated, and tea consumption was negatively associated with serum levels of several POPs. Our results show that the exposure to legacy POPs, especially DDTs, among pregnant women and newborn infants is still prevailing, thus warrants measures for exposure mitigation among these vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22332, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Kim
- College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07226, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sup Shim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea
| | - Inae Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- College of Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Jae Lee
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul 04401, Republic of Korea.
| | - Su Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63241, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Thomas A, Toms LML, Harden FA, Hobson P, White NM, Mengersen KL, Mueller JF. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in pooled human serum by age and gender. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 154:10-18. [PMID: 27992738 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used for many decades in Australia with cessation of selected persistent and bioaccumulative OCPs ranging from the 1970s to as recently as 2007. The specific aims of this study were to use samples representative of an Australian population to assess age and gender differences in the concentration of OCPs in human blood sera and to investigate temporal trends in these chemicals. Serum was collected from de-identified, surplus pathology samples over five time periods (2002/03, 2006/07, 2008/09, 2010/11 and 2012/13), with 183 serum pools made from 12,175 individual samples; 26 pools in 2002/03, 85 pools in 2006/07 and 24 pools each in 2008/09, 2010/11 and 2012/13. Samples were analyzed for hexachlorobenzene (HCB), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH), γ -hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane) (γ-HCH), oxy-chlordane, trans-nonachlor, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT and Mirex. Stratification criteria included gender and age (0-4; 5-15; 16-30; 31-45; 46-60; and >60 years) with age additionally stratified by adults >16 years and children 0-4 and 5-15 years. All pools from all collection periods had detectable concentrations of OCPs with a detection frequency of >60% for HCB, β-HCH, trans-nonachlor, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE. The overall OCP concentrations increased with age with the highest concentrations in the >60 years groups. Females did not have higher mean OCP concentrations than males except for HCB concentrations (p=0.0006). Temporal trends showed overall decreasing serum concentrations by collection period with the exception of an increase in OCP concentrations between 2006/07 and 2008/09. Excluding this data point, HCB decreased from year to year by 7-76%; β-HCH concentrations decreased by 14 - 38%; trans-nonachlor concentrations decreased by 10 - 65%; p,p'-DDE concentrations decreased by 6 - 52%; and p,p'-DDT concentrations decreased by 7 - 30%. The results indicate that OCP concentrations have decreased over time as is to be expected following the phase out of these chemicals in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleysha Thomas
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia
| | - Leisa-Maree Leontjew Toms
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Fiona A Harden
- Hunter Industrial Medicine, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia
| | - Peter Hobson
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicole M White
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia
| | - Kerrie L Mengersen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, Australia
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13
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Palkovičová Murínová Ľ, Moleti A, Sisto R, Wimmerová S, Jusko TA, Tihányi J, Jurečková D, Kováč J, Koštiaková V, Drobná B, Trnovec T. PCB exposure and cochlear function at age 6 years. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:428-435. [PMID: 27552711 PMCID: PMC6044450 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have documented adverse associations between exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and otological outcomes. Previously, we documented decreased distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) levels in children exposed to PCBs, up to the age of 45 months, amongst a cohort of children in eastern Slovakia. The objective of the present study is to evaluate cochlear dysfunction at 72 months of age in 214 children from this same cohort and to compare the otoacoustic test sensitivity to that of pure tone audiometry (PTA). The association between DPOAE, PTA, and PCBs was estimated by means of multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) and linear regression models. ROC curves were computed to estimate the DPOAE-test power in children. The DPOAE level at 72 months was related to PCB-153 serum levels. The DPOAE Input/Output function test at mid-frequency (2kHz) has shown instead nonmonotonic dependence on PCB exposure, for the left ears of children, over the whole growth curve. No significant association was found between PTA hearing levels and PCB-153 concentration. High diagnostic power of the DPOAE-test was found in children, similar to that found by the same authors in adults. In conclusions the DPOAE-PCB correlation obtained at 72 months is similar to that at 45 months suggesting a permanent and stable ototoxic effect of the PCB exposure. The lack of statistical significance of the PCB-PTA correlation suggests that DPOAEs are sensitive biomarkers of cochlear damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ľubica Palkovičová Murínová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health Protection, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava 37, Slovak Republic
| | - Arturo Moleti
- University of Roma, Tor Vergata, Department of Physics, Roma, Italy
| | - Renata Sisto
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
| | - Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health Protection, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava 37, Slovak Republic
| | - Todd A Jusko
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Juraj Tihányi
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health Protection, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava 37, Slovak Republic
| | - Dana Jurečková
- The Štefan Kukura Hospital and Policlinic, Michalovce, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Kováč
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimíra Koštiaková
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health Protection, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava 37, Slovak Republic
| | - Beata Drobná
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health Protection, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava 37, Slovak Republic
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Public Health, Department of Health Protection, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava 37, Slovak Republic.
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14
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Koštiaková V, Moleti A, Wimmerová S, Jusko TA, Palkovičová Murínová Ľ, Sisto R, Richterová D, Kováč J, Čonka K, Patayová H, Tihányi J, Trnovec T. DPOAEs in infants developmentally exposed to PCBs show two differently time spaced exposure sensitive windows. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 161:518-526. [PMID: 27470944 PMCID: PMC6042651 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The study aim was to identify the timing of sensitive windows for ototoxicity related to perinatal exposure to PCBs. A total of 351 and 214 children from a birth cohort in eastern Slovakia underwent otoacoustic testing at 45 and 72 months, respectively, and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) at 11 frequencies were recorded. Cord and child 6-, 16-, 45-, and 72- month blood samples were analyzed for PCB 153 concentration. The PCB 153 concentration-time profiles were approximated with a system model to calculate area under the PCB*time curves (AUCs) for specific time intervals (3 and 6 months for 45 and 72 months data, respectively). DPOAE amplitudes were correlated (Spearman) with cord serum PCB and AUCs, markers of prenatal and postnatal exposure, respectively. Two exposure critical windows were identified in infants, the first related to prenatal and early postnatal and the second to postnatal exposure to PCBs. Our data have shown tonotopicity, sexual dimorphism, and asymmetry in ototoxicity of PCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arturo Moleti
- University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Department of Physics, Rome, Italy
| | - Soňa Wimmerová
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Todd A Jusko
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | | | - Renata Sisto
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monteporzio Catone, Italy
| | | | - Ján Kováč
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Comenius University, Faculty of Medicine in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Čonka
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Juraj Tihányi
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Slovak Medical University, Limbová 14, 83303, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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15
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Sturza J, Silver MK, Xu L, Li M, Mai X, Xia Y, Shao J, Lozoff B, Meeker J. Prenatal exposure to multiple pesticides is associated with auditory brainstem response at 9months in a cohort study of Chinese infants. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:478-485. [PMID: 27166702 PMCID: PMC4902769 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides are associated with poorer neurodevelopmental outcomes, but little is known about the effects on sensory functioning. METHODS Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and pesticide data were available for 27 healthy, full-term 9-month-old infants participating in a larger study of early iron deficiency and neurodevelopment. Cord blood was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for levels of 20 common pesticides. The ABR forward-masking condition consisted of a click stimulus (masker) delivered via ear canal transducers followed by an identical stimulus delayed by 8, 16, or 64 milliseconds (ms). ABR peak latencies were evaluated as a function of masker-stimulus time interval. Shorter wave latencies reflect faster neural conduction, more mature auditory pathways, and greater degree of myelination. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between total number of pesticides detected and ABR outcomes. We considered an additive or synergistic effect of poor iron status by stratifying our analysis by newborn ferritin (based on median split). RESULTS Infants in the sample were highly exposed to pesticides; a mean of 4.1 pesticides were detected (range 0-9). ABR Wave V latency and central conduction time (CCT) were associated with the number of pesticides detected in cord blood for the 64ms and non-masker conditions. A similar pattern seen for CCT from the 8ms and 16ms conditions, although statistical significance was not reached. Increased pesticide exposure was associated with longer latency. The relation between number of pesticides detected in cord blood and CCT depended on the infant's cord blood ferritin level. Specifically, the relation was present in the lower cord blood ferritin group but not the higher cord blood ferritin group. CONCLUSIONS ABR processing was slower in infants with greater prenatal pesticide exposure, indicating impaired neuromaturation. Infants with lower cord blood ferritin appeared to be more sensitive to the effects of prenatal pesticide exposure on ABR latency delay, suggesting an additive or multiplicative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Sturza
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Monica K Silver
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mingyan Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Mai
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jie Shao
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Betsy Lozoff
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - John Meeker
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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16
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Weber R, Schlumpf M, Nakano T, Vijgen J. The need for better management and control of POPs stockpiles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14385-90. [PMID: 26386851 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Weber
- International HCH and Pesticides Association, Elmevej 14, DK-2840, Holte, Denmark.
- POPs Environmental Consulting, Lindenfirststr. 23, D-73527, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
| | - Margret Schlumpf
- GREEN Tox GmbH, Langackerstrasse 49, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Research Center for Environmental Preservation, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Hyogo Environmental Advancement Association, Kobe-shi, Japan
| | - John Vijgen
- International HCH and Pesticides Association, Elmevej 14, DK-2840, Holte, Denmark.
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