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Thu W, Woodward A, Cavadino A, Tin Tin S. Associations between transport modes and site-specific cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health 2024; 23:39. [PMID: 38609941 PMCID: PMC11015678 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a global public health problem. A practical solution would be to build physical activity into the daily routine by using active modes of transport. Choice of transport mode can influence cancer risk through their effects on levels of physical activity, sedentary time, and environmental pollution. This review synthesizes existing evidence on the associations of specific transport modes with risks of site-specific cancers. METHODS Relevant literature was searched in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus from 1914 to 17th February 2023. For cancer sites with effect measures available for a specific transport mode from two or more studies, random effects meta-analyses were performed to pool relative risks (RR) comparing the highest vs. lowest activity group as well as per 10 Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) hour increment in transport-related physical activity per week (∼150 min of walking or 90 min of cycling). RESULTS 27 eligible studies (11 cohort, 15 case-control, and 1 case-cohort) were identified, which reported the associations of transport modes with 10 site-specific cancers. In the meta-analysis, 10 MET hour increment in transport-related physical activity per week was associated with a reduction in risk for endometrial cancer (RR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83-0.997), colorectal cancer (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91-0.99) and breast cancer (RR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.89-0.996). The highest level of walking only or walking and cycling combined modes, compared to the lowest level, were significantly associated with a 12% and 30% reduced risk of breast and endometrial cancers respectively. Cycling, compared to motorized modes, was associated with a lower risk of overall cancer incidence and mortality. CONCLUSION Active transport appears to reduce cancer risk, but evidence for cancer sites other than colorectum, breast, and endometrium is currently limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Thu
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alistair Woodward
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sandar Tin Tin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Thompson CM, Collins PA, Frohlich KL. Promoting children's health through community-led street interventions: analyzing sustained voluntarism in Canadian School Streets. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1011. [PMID: 38605365 PMCID: PMC11010341 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18531-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active School Travel (AST) initiatives align with the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, which calls for 'creating supportive environments' and 'strengthening community action.' However, their reliance on volunteers poses sustainability challenges. The main objectives of this study were to document the motivations, satisfaction, and experiences of volunteers involved in sustaining two AST initiatives in Ontario for an entire school year. METHODS Two volunteer-led School Street initiatives in Kingston, Ontario successfully operated during pick-up and drop-off times of each school day. The first initiative operated for the entire 2021-2022 school year, and the second operated for the entire 2022-2023 school year. These initiatives were the first of their kind in the province of Ontario, Canada. Volunteers from both sites (n = 56) participated in online surveys and their motivations, satisfaction, and experiences of their role were compared using the 2-sided Fisher's Exact Test. RESULTS Over 80% of volunteers were highly motivated to promote safety and over 70% of volunteers were highly motivated to disrupt the status quo of unsupportive, car-centric urban environments by reimagining how streets can be used. By taking collective action to re-shape the environment around these public schools to support healthy, active living, our findings reveal that over 90% of volunteers were highly satisfied. Of the volunteers, 87% felt they contributed to child safety and 85% felt they had developed stronger community connections. They appreciated the short (i.e., 40 minute) time commitment of each shift, weekly email communications by the community organization leading the initiative, and the volunteer schedule. They also appreciated the positive social interactions during volunteer shifts, which they felt outweighed the minimal resistance they experienced. CONCLUSIONS This research demonstrates the importance of logistical, motivational, and social factors in recruiting and retaining volunteers for community-led School Streets. Our findings support appealing to prospective volunteers' influence in achieving School Street objectives (e.g., improved safety) in recruitment efforts, as well as highlighting School Streets' innovative approach. Communicating with volunteers throughout School Street planning and implementation processes and limiting traffic in the closed street zone (i.e., by excluding the school staff parking lot and private driveways from the scope) are additional recommendations based on the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carise M Thompson
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Patricia A Collins
- Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine L Frohlich
- Centre de recherche en santé publique (CReSP), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- École de Santé PubliqueUniversité de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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3
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Campos-Garzón P, Stewart T, Palma-Leal X, Molina-García J, Herrador-Colmenero M, Schipperijn J, Chillón P, Barranco-Ruiz Y. Are Spanish adolescents who actively commute to and from school more active in other domains? A spatiotemporal investigation. Health Place 2024; 86:103211. [PMID: 38428065 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
We examined the association between mode of commuting to/from school (i.e., walking, multimodal, and motorized-vehicle) and movement behaviours in several space-time domains (i.e., total day, home, school, transport, and other locations). Walking to and/or from school was associated with higher MVPA in all space-time domains except home, where no associations were found. After subtracting commuting time to/from school from total day domain, the associations in favour of walking to/from school were maintained compared to those using other commuting modes, and in transport domain these associations dissipated. The study suggests the importance of promoting walking to/from school for increasing MVPA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Campos-Garzón
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - T Stewart
- Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - X Palma-Leal
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; IRyS Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Viña Del Mar, Chile
| | - J Molina-García
- AFIPS Research Group, Department of Teaching of Physical Education, Arts and Music, University of Valencia, Spain; Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-UJI-UV, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M Herrador-Colmenero
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain; La Inmaculada Teacher Training Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J Schipperijn
- Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Chillón
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Y Barranco-Ruiz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Carlin A, Connolly S, Redpath T, Belton S, Coppinger T, Cunningham C, Donnelly A, Dowd K, Harrington D, Murtagh E, Ng K, O'Brien W, Rodriguez L, Woods C, McAvoy H, Murphy M. Results from Ireland North and South's 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:66-72. [PMID: 38173796 PMCID: PMC10762465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Ireland North and South Report Card on Physical Activity (PA) for Children and Adolescents aims to monitor progress in PA participation across a range of internationally established indicators. Methods Data were collated for 11 indicators and graded following the harmonised Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance report card process. Six representative studies (sample size range n = 898 to n = 15,557) were primarily used in the grading, with many indicators supplemented with additional studies and reports. Data collected since the implementation of COVID-19 public health measures in March 2020 were excluded. Results Grades were awarded as follows: 'Overall physical activity', C-; 'Organised Sport and Physical Activity', C; 'Active Play', INC; 'Sedentary Behaviours', C-; 'Physical Fitness', INC; 'Family and Peers', D+; 'School', C-; 'Physical Education', D; 'Community and Environment', B+ and 'Government', B. Separate grades were awarded for disability as follows; 'Overall physical activity', F; 'Organised Sport and Physical Activity', D; 'Sedentary Behaviours', C-; 'Family and Peers', C; 'School', C- and 'Government', B. 'Active Play', 'Physical Fitness', 'Physical Education' and 'Community and Environment' were all graded INC for disability. Since the last report card in 2016, four grades remained the same, three increased ('Overall physical activity', 'School' and 'Physical Education') and two ('Family and Peers,' and 'Government') were awarded grades for the first time. Conclusion Grades specific to children and adolescents with disability were generally lower for each indicator. While small improvements have been shown across a few indicators, PA levels remain low across many indicators for children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Carlin
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, School of Sport, Ulster University, Belfast, UK
| | - Sinead Connolly
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, School of Sport, Ulster University, Belfast, UK
| | - Tamsyn Redpath
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, School of Sport, Ulster University, Belfast, UK
| | - Sarajane Belton
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tara Coppinger
- Department of Sport, Leisure & Childhood Studies, Munster Technological University, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor Cunningham
- School of Medicine Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, UK
| | - Alan Donnelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Kieran Dowd
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone, Westmeath, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Harrington
- Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Elaine Murtagh
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Kwok Ng
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Rauma, Finland
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80101, Finland
| | - Wesley O'Brien
- School of Education, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Catherine Woods
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | | | - Marie Murphy
- Centre for Exercise Medicine, Physical Activity and Health, School of Sport, Ulster University, Belfast, UK
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute of Sport Physical Education and Health Sciences, Moray House School of Education & Sport, UK
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5
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Li Y, Tian C. Does active transport create a win-win situation for environmental and human health: the moderating effect of leisure and tourism activity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:4563-4581. [PMID: 38103138 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31267-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The current environmental crisis is mostly due to global warming. Promoting walking and cycling requires both the availability of green public areas (such as parks, green paths, and greenways) and a mentality that values such active modes of transportation. Significant health advantages from increased physical activity (PA) are associated with transportation options like walking and cycling (sometimes known as "active transportation," AT): the health and environmental advantages of encouraging workers to use bicycles for transportation been widely acknowledged. The authors of this research set out to fill this information gap by investigating the theoretically theorized links between green public space awareness and attitudes toward active mobility, adapting to a changing environment, and improving one's mental and physical health, with leisure and tourist activities serving as a moderator. The data was collected quantitatively using purposive sampling and then analyzed using PLS-SEM. We surveyed Korean walkers (n = 282) and bikers (n = 315) online between May 25 and June 17, 2021, and used a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis to test our hypothesis. As stated in the findings, being conscious of green public space when using active transportation significantly affects how clean the air feels. Active transportation was shown to have a significant effect on health, and climate change mitigation efforts were found to have a significant effect on health. Those who used active transportation for tourism had a stronger connection between green public space awareness and air quality, in addition to environmental sustainability and ethical conduct mitigation, than those who used active transport for recreation. Therefore, the model may aid in locating transport and health scenarios that benefit both sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School of Tourism, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chuan Tian
- International College, Krirk University, Bangkok, 10220, Thailand.
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Sundqvist H, Tuominen A. Intermediaries and intermediation in building local transformative capacity for active and sustainable transport. Ambio 2024; 53:156-167. [PMID: 37668869 PMCID: PMC10692054 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01912-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Intermediation and transformative capacity building are identified as important issues in sustainability transformations. Yet the connection of these two concepts has not been systematically analysed. This empirical, qualitative case study on active transport in Finland investigates intermediation in building local transformative capacity. The study shows that intermediaries are a heterogeneous group of actors that support transformative capacity building by facilitating the flows of knowledge, linking actors, forming ties across different scales, and supporting visioning and strategic planning. Intermediation manifests in five of the seven elements of local transformative capacity building. Our study, thus, contrasts with previous understanding wherein intermediation is considered only as a criterion for multiform governance. As intermediation is central in building transformative capacity, it should be better acknowledged, particularly by authorities and policymakers to secure legitimacy, operational capabilities, and funding for intermediaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Sundqvist
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tekniikantie 21, 02044, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Anu Tuominen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Tekniikantie 21, 02044, Espoo, Finland
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Spontarelli K, Young VC, Sweazey R, Padro A, Lee J, Bueso T, Hernandez RM, Kim J, Katz A, Rossignol F, Turner C, Wilczewski CM, Maxwell GL, Holmgren M, Bailoo JD, Yano ST, Artigas P. ATP1A1-linked diseases require a malfunctioning protein product from one allele. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2024; 1871:119572. [PMID: 37659504 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous germline variants in ATP1A1, the gene encoding the α1 subunit of the Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), have been linked to diseases including primary hyperaldosteronism and the peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). ATP1A1 variants that cause CMT induce loss-of-function of NKA. This heterodimeric (αβ) enzyme hydrolyzes ATP to establish transmembrane electrochemical gradients of Na+ and K+ that are essential for electrical signaling and cell survival. Of the 4 catalytic subunit isoforms, α1 is ubiquitously expressed and is the predominant paralog in peripheral axons. Human population sequencing datasets indicate strong negative selection against both missense and protein-null ATP1A1 variants. To test whether haploinsufficiency generated by heterozygous protein-null alleles are sufficient to cause disease, we tested the neuromuscular characteristics of heterozygous Atp1a1+/- knockout mice and their wildtype littermates, while also evaluating if exercise increased CMT penetrance. We found that Atp1a1+/- mice were phenotypically normal up to 18 months of age. Consistent with the observations in mice, we report clinical phenotyping of a healthy adult human who lacks any clinical features of known ATP1A1-related diseases despite carrying a plasma-membrane protein-null early truncation variant, p.Y148*. Taken together, these results suggest that a malfunctioning gene product is required for disease induction by ATP1A1 variants and that if any pathology is associated with protein-null variants, they may display low penetrance or high age of onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Spontarelli
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Victoria C Young
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Sweazey
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Alexandria Padro
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jeannie Lee
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Tulio Bueso
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Roberto M Hernandez
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Jongyeol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Katz
- NIH Reverse Phenotyping Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francis Rossignol
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clesson Turner
- NIH Reverse Phenotyping Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caralynn M Wilczewski
- NIH Reverse Phenotyping Core, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George L Maxwell
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Miguel Holmgren
- Molecular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy D Bailoo
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Sho T Yano
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Molecular Neurophysiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Current address: Section of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Pablo Artigas
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Power C, Fitzpatrick P. Child and adolescent patterns of commuting to school. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102404. [PMID: 37810264 PMCID: PMC10558775 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization stipulate children and adolescents should accumulate 60 min of physical activity (PA) daily; globally only 25% achieve this. Active travel to school (ATS) is a method of integrating PA into daily life with a documented health benefit accruing. Understanding factors associated with ATS is essential to inform a systems approach to increase ATS participation. This study described patterns of commuting to school and examined factors associated with ATS. Children's Sport Participation & Physical Activity Study 2018 data was used, an all-Ireland cross-sectional study of 6,650 students. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors independently associated with ATS. Most common commute to school methods were private car for primary (57%) and public transport for secondary (39%) students. The recommended 60 min of daily PA a week prior to the survey was achieved by 19.5% for primary and 12.6% for secondary students. Republic of Ireland (ROI) nationality (OR 1.09 95 %CI 1.02-1.16), meeting PA guidelines (OR 1.26 95 %CI 1.08-1.46), attending a ROI school (OR 2.27 95 %CI 2.02-2.57), attending a non-Delivering Equality of Opportunity in Schools (DEIS) school (OR 2.47 95 %CI 1.87-3.24), attending an urban school (OR 3.96 95 %CI 3.41-4.59) were each independently statistically significantly associated with ATS. Living in a family with a car (OR 0.27 95 %CI 0.19-0.39), attending secondary school (OR 0.69 95 %CI 0.62-0.78), attending a small sized (<33rd percentile) school (OR 0.68 95 %CI 0.60-0.77), living >5 km from school (OR 0.22 95 %CI 0.2-0.24) were each significantly negatively associated with ATS. ATS is a means of increasing youth PA and health. Factors associated with ATS can inform further research and intervention to increase ATS participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Power
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patricia Fitzpatrick
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Dublin 4, Ireland
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Malnes L, Berntsen S, Kolle E, Ivarsson A, Dyrstad SM, Resaland GK, Solberg R, Haugen T. School-based physical activity in relation to active travel - a cluster randomized controlled trial among adolescents enrolled in the school in motion study in Norway. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:136. [PMID: 37990252 PMCID: PMC10664674 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active travel and school settings are considered ideal for promoting physical activity. However, previous research suggests limited effect of school-based interventions on overall physical activity levels among adolescents. The relationship between physical activity in different domains remains inconclusive. In this study, we examined the effects of adding two weekly hours of school-based physical activity on active travel rates. METHOD We analyzed data from 1370 pupils in the 9th-grade participating in the cluster RCT; the School In Motion (ScIM) project. Intervention schools (n = 19) implemented 120 min of class-scheduled physical activity and physical education, in addition to the normal 2 hours of weekly physical education in the control schools (n = 9), for 9 months. Active travel was defined as pupils who reported walking or cycling to school, while motorized travel was defined as pupils who commuted by bus or car, during the spring/summer half of the year (April-September), or autumn/winter (October-February). The participants were categorized based on their travel mode from pretest to posttest as; maintained active or motorized travel ("No change"), changing to active travel (motorized-active), or changing to motorized travel (active-motorized). Multilevel logistic regression was used to analyze the intervention effect on travel mode. RESULTS During the intervention period, most participants maintained their travel habits. In total, 91% of pupils maintained their travel mode to school. Only 6% of pupils switched to motorized travel and 3% switched to active travel, with small variations according to season and trip direction. The intervention did not seem to influence the likelihood of changing travel mode. The odds ratios for changing travel habits in spring/summer season were from active to motorized travel 1.19 [95%CI: 0.53-2.15] and changing from motorized to active travel 1.18 [0.30-2.62], compared to the "No change" group. These findings were consistent to and from school, and for the autumn/winter season. CONCLUSION The extra school-based physical activity does not seem to affect rates of active travel among adolescents in the ScIM project. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov ID nr: NCT03817047. Registered 01/25/2019' retrospectively registered'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Malnes
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Sveinung Berntsen
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Ivarsson
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Sindre M Dyrstad
- Department of Education and Sport Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Geir K Resaland
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Runar Solberg
- Centre for Epidemic Interventions Research, Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tommy Haugen
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
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10
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D'Amore C, Saunders S, Bhatnagar N, Griffith LE, Richardson J, Beauchamp MK. Determinants of physical activity in community-dwelling older adults: an umbrella review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:135. [PMID: 37990225 PMCID: PMC10664504 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01528-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) is critical for disease prevention and maintaining functional ability with aging. Despite this, as many as 50% of older adults in populations worldwide are considered insufficiently active. There is a recognized need to mobilize policies targeted toward modifiable determinants of healthy aging like PA. This umbrella review aimed to summarize the evidence for determinants of PA in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS A research librarian searched six databases. Systematic and scoping reviews were included if they investigated community-dwelling people with a mean age of 60 + years and examined a relationship between a determinant and any type of PA. Two independent reviewers screened and extracted data from all reviews. JBI methodology and Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses were followed and information on the quality of the evidence was extracted. RESULTS From 17,277 records screened,11 reviews representing > 300 unique primary papers were ultimately included. Only 6% of studies included in all reviews had longitudinal designs. Included studies used a large variety of PA measures, with 76% using only self-report, 15% using only direct measures (e.g., accelerometry), 3% using both types, and 6% with no outcome measure reported. Only four reviews provided a definition of PA and there was substantial inconsistency in the way PA was categorised. Community level influences, which only included the physical environment, were the most commonly assessed (6/11) with more than 70% of the summarized relationships demonstrating null associations. Three out of four reviews reported a positive relationship between walkability and PA in general community-dwelling older adults. There was also evidence supporting relationships between presence of social support for PA, younger age, and men having higher PA from a single systematic review. None of the included reviews assessed the quality of evidence but over 60% performed a risk of bias assessment. CONCLUSIONS Walkability, age, gender, and social support for PA were the most supported PA determinants identified. Further research should focus on interpersonal and intrapersonal influences and incorporate direct measures of PA with clear operational definitions. There is a need for longitudinal study designs to further understand determinants of PA behaviour trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra D'Amore
- School Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Rd South - Suite 310A, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Stephanie Saunders
- School Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Rd South - Suite 310A, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Neera Bhatnagar
- Health Science Library, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lauren E Griffith
- Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster Univeristy, 175 Longwood Rd South - Suite 309A, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada
| | - Julie Richardson
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 1400 Main Street West, Institute for Applied Health Sciences (IAHS) Building - Room 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 1C7, Canada
| | - Marla K Beauchamp
- School Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, 175 Longwood Rd South - Suite 310A, Hamilton, ON, L8P 0A1, Canada.
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11
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Säll C, Koncsos G, Klukovits A. In Vitro Interaction of Tetrahydrouridine with Key Human Nucleoside Transporters. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:2676-2684. [PMID: 37364771 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
NDec is a novel combination of oral decitabine and tetrahydrouridine that is currently under clinical development for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD). Here, we investigate the potential for the tetrahydrouridine component of NDec to act as an inhibitor or substrate of key concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNT1-3) and equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENT1-2). Nucleoside transporter inhibition and tetrahydrouridine accumulation assays were performed using Madin-Darby canine kidney strain II (MDCKII) cells overexpressing human CNT1, CNT2, CNT3, ENT1, and ENT2 transporters. Results showed that tetrahydrouridine did not influence CNT- or ENT-mediated uridine/adenosine accumulation in MDCKII cells at the concentrations tested (25 and 250 µM). Accumulation of tetrahydrouridine in MDCKII cells was initially shown to be mediated by CNT3 and ENT2. However, while time- and concentration-dependence experiments showed active accumulation of tetrahydrouridine in CNT3-expressing cells, allowing for estimation of Km (3,140 µM) and Vmax (1,600 pmol/mg protein/min), accumulation of tetrahydrouridine was not observed in ENT2-expressing cells. Potent CNT3 inhibitors are a class of drugs not generally prescribed to patients with SCD, except in certain specific circumstances. These data suggest that NDec can be administered safely with drugs that act as substrates and inhibitors of the nucleoside transporters included in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gábor Koncsos
- SOLVO Biotechnology a Charles River Company, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Klukovits
- SOLVO Biotechnology a Charles River Company, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Yan H, Xu P, Ma H, Li Y, Zhang R, Cong H, Yu B, Shen Y. Enzyme-triggered transcytosis of drug carrier system for deep penetration into hepatoma tumors. Biomaterials 2023; 301:122213. [PMID: 37385137 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nano-drug delivery systems have made considerable progress in the direction of tumor treatment, but the low permeability of drugs has restricted the development of nano drugs. To solve this problem, we constructed a nano-drug delivery system with the dual effects of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) reaction and high nuclear targeting in tumor microenvironment to promote the deep penetration of drugs. Over-expression of GGT in tumor cells can specifically recognize γ-glutamyl substrate and release amino group from the hydrolysis reaction, which makes the whole system change from negative or neutral to positive charge system. The conjugated complex with positive charge rapidly endocytosis through electrostatic interaction, enhancing its permeability in tumor parenchyma. At the same time, the cell penetrating TAT contains a large amount of lysine, which can be identified by the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) on the surface of the nuclear membrane, showing excellent nuclear localization function. The active DOX is released in the nucleus, which inhibits the mitosis of cancer cells and enhances the active transport ability of drugs in tumor cells. Therefore, this drug delivery system actively transports adriamycin into the tumor to achieve deep penetration of drugs through enzyme response and nuclear targeting, showing high anti-tumor activity and can be effectively applied to the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Pengchao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - He Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yanan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Runfeng Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Bionanoengineering, And Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
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13
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Stevens M, Matosevic T, Suarez-Pinilla M, Pais S, Rossor M, Knapp M. The link between cognitive health and neighbourhood: perceptions of the public, and of policy-makers, about problems and solutions. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1694. [PMID: 37658297 PMCID: PMC10474713 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16592-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicates associations between neighbourhood-related factors such as pollution, social isolation and physical inactivity, and cognition, that is, our ability to think clearly, learn and remember. The evidence raises the possibility of neighbourhood intervention playing a role in protecting population cognitive health. However, there is little understanding of these associations among the public and policy-makers, what they mean and how they might be acted on. In this study we explored perceptions of the public and policy-makers about influences of neighbourhood factors on brain functioning, and how they should inform policy. METHODS Qualitative methods were used in three phases; the study ran in parallel with a quantitative study looking at neighbourhood influences on cognition. In phase one, focus groups were conducted with middle-aged (40-69) members of the public to inform statistical modelling. In phase two, similar focus groups were held in four case study areas chosen based on the modelling results. In phase three, interviews with people in public health and policy roles were conducted, including people in the case study sites. RESULTS Participants described effects on their cognition from community, culture and social interactions, access to green spaces and nature, upkeep and safety of the area, and pollution, traffic and noise. Solutions included better local consultation and involvement in policy and planning, support for community interactions and active and public transport, and education on cognition. There was little awareness, but much interest, from local policy-makers and implementers, about links between cognition and place. Barriers to implementation included lack of: effective engagement with local communities, local funding and joined-up health and neighbourhood policy. CONCLUSIONS People can perceive impacts of neighbourhoods on brain functioning and suggest ways local areas can be improved to support cognitive health. There is support for the idea of population-level interventions to support cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Stevens
- CPEC, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK.
| | - Tihana Matosevic
- CPEC, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
| | - Marta Suarez-Pinilla
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL, University College London, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Box 16, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Sarah Pais
- CPEC, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
| | - Martin Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL, University College London, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Box 16, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Martin Knapp
- CPEC, Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK
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Lim CH, Song IS, Lee J, Lee MS, Cho YY, Lee JY, Kang HC, Lee HS. Toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of phalloidin in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113994. [PMID: 37598851 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Phalloidin, a bicyclic heptapeptide found in Amanita mushroom, specifically binds to F-actin in the liver causing cholestatic hepatotoxicity. However, the toxicokinetics and tissue distribution properties of phalloidin as well as their underlying mechanisms have to be studied further. The area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) of phalloidin increased in proportion to the doses (0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg for intravenous injection and 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg for oral administration). Phalloidin exhibited dose-independent low volume of distribution (395.6-456.9 mL/kg) and clearance (21.4-25.5 mL/min/kg) and low oral bioavailability (2.4%-3.3%). This could be supported with its low absorptive permeability (0.23 ± 0.05 × 10-6 cm/s) in Caco-2 cells. The tissue-to-plasma AUC ratios of intravenously injected and orally administered phalloidin were the highest in the liver and intestines, respectively, and also high in the kidneys, suggesting that the liver, kidneys, and intestines could be susceptible to phalloidin exposure and that active transport via the hepatic and renal organic anion transporters (OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OAT3) may contribute to the higher distribution of phalloidin in the liver and kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Lim
- College of Pharmacy and BK21 Four-sponsored Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Im-Sook Song
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE), Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jihoon Lee
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center (VOICE), Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Seo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and BK21 Four-sponsored Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy and BK21 Four-sponsored Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo Young Lee
- College of Pharmacy and BK21 Four-sponsored Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Chang Kang
- College of Pharmacy and BK21 Four-sponsored Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- College of Pharmacy and BK21 Four-sponsored Advanced Program for SmartPharma Leaders, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Moteallehi-Ardakani MH, Asad S, Marashi SA, Moghaddasi A, Zarparvar P. Engineering a Novel Metabolic Pathway for Improving Cellular Malonyl-CoA Levels in Escherichia coli. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1508-1517. [PMID: 36658293 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00635-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular pool of malonyl-CoA in Escherichia coli is small, which impedes its utility for overproduction of natural products such as phenylpropanoids, polyketides, and flavonoids. In this study, we report the use of a new metabolic pathway to increase the malonyl-CoA concentration as a limiting metabolite in E. coli. For this purpose, the malonate/sodium symporter from Malonomonas rubra, and malonyl-CoA synthetase (MCS) from Bradyrhizobium japonicum were co-expressed in E. coli. This new pathway allows the cell to actively import malonate from the culture medium and to convert malonate and CoA to malonyl-CoA via an ATP-dependent ligation reaction. HPLC analysis confirmed elevated levels of malonyl-CoA and (2S)-naringenin as a malonyl-CoA-dependent metabolite, in E. coli. A 6.8-fold and more than 3.5-fold increase in (2S)-naringenin production were achieved in the engineered host in comparison with non-engineered E. coli and previously reported passive transport MatBMatC pathway, respectively. This observation suggests that using active transporters of malonate not only improves malonyl-CoA-dependent production but also makes it possible to harness low concentrations of malonate in culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sedigheh Asad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sayed-Amir Marashi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afrooz Moghaddasi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Zarparvar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Jiesisibieke ZL, Panter J, Wang M, Au Yeung SL, Luo S, Jang H, Wan EYF, Brage S, Kim Y. Mode of transport, genetic susceptibility, and incidence of coronary heart disease. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:79. [PMID: 37403110 PMCID: PMC10320975 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01484-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Car use has been associated with higher risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, whether the associations of transport modes with CHD vary by genetic susceptibility to CHD are unknown. This study aims to investigate the associations of genetic susceptibility and modes of transport with incidence of CHD. METHODS We included 339,588 white British participants from UK Biobank with no history of CHD or stroke at baseline or within two years of follow-up (52.3% in work). Genetic susceptibility to CHD was quantified through weighted polygenic risk scores derived from 300 single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to CHD risk. Categories of transport mode included exclusive car use and alternatives to the car (e.g., walking, cycling and public transport), separately for non-commuting (e.g., getting about [n=339,588] excluding commuting for work), commuting (in the sub-set in work [n=177,370] who responded to the commuting question), and overall transport (transport mode for both commuting and non-commuting [n=177,370]). We used Cox regression with age as the underlying timescale to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of CHD (n=13,730; median 13.8-year follow-up) and tested the interaction between genetic susceptibility and travel modes with adjustment for confounders. RESULTS Compared to those using alternatives to the car, hazards of CHD were higher for exclusive use of cars for overall transport (HR: 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.25), non-commuting (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.12) and commuting (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.09-1.23), after adjusting for confounders plus genetic susceptibility. HRs of CHD were 1.45 (95% CI: 1.38-1.52) and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.95-2.12) for the second and third tertile of genetic susceptibility to CHD, respectively, compared to the first. There was, in general, no strong evidence of interactions between genetic susceptibility and categories of overall, non-commuting and commuting transport. Estimated 10-year absolute risk of CHD was lower for the alternatives to the car across strata of genetic susceptibility, compared with exclusive use of cars for overall, non-commuting and commuting transport. CONCLUSION Exclusive use of cars was associated with a relatively higher risk of CHD across all strata of genetic susceptibility. Using alternatives to the car should be encouraged for prevention of CHD for the general population including individuals at high genetic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Liduzi Jiesisibieke
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Room 301D 3/F, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jenna Panter
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, Cambridgeshire, UK
- UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Mengyao Wang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Room 301D 3/F, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shiu Lun Au Yeung
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Patrick Manson Building, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shan Luo
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 1/F, Patrick Manson Building, 7 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haeyoon Jang
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Room 301D 3/F, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Yuk Fai Wan
- Department of Family Medicine and Primary Care, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, 3/F, Ap Lei Chau Clinic, 161 Main Street, Ap Lei Chau, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory Block LKS Faculty of Medicine, General Office, L02-56 2/F, , 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Youngwon Kim
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Room 301D 3/F, Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, Cambridgeshire, UK.
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Stappers NEH, Bekker MPM, Jansen MWJ, Kremers SPJ, de Vries NK, Schipperijn J, Van Kann DHH. Effects of major urban redesign on sedentary behavior, physical activity, active transport and health-related quality of life in adults. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1157. [PMID: 37322454 PMCID: PMC10267553 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The built environment is increasingly recognized as a determinant for health and health behaviors. Existing evidence regarding the relationship between environment and health (behaviors) is varying in significance and magnitude, and more high-quality longitudinal studies are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a major urban redesign project on physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), active transport (AT), health-related quality of life (HRQOL), social activities (SA) and meaningfulness, at 29-39 months after opening of the reconstructed area. METHODS PA and AT were measured using accelerometers and GPS loggers. HRQOL and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed using questionnaires. In total, 241 participants provided valid data at baseline and follow-up. We distinguished three groups, based on proximity to the intervention area: maximal exposure group, minimal exposure group and no exposure group. RESULTS Both the maximal and minimal exposure groups showed significantly different trends regarding transport-based PA levels compared to the no exposure group. In the exposure groups SB decreased, while it increased in the no exposure group. Also, transport-based light intensity PA remained stable in the exposure groups, while it significantly decreased in the no exposure group. No intervention effects were found for total daily PA levels. Scores on SA and meaningfulness increased in the maximal exposure group and decreased in the minimal and no exposure group, but changes were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The results of this study emphasize the potential of the built environment in changing SB and highlights the relevance of longer-term follow-up measurements to explore the full potential of urban redesign projects. TRIAL REGISTRATION This research was retrospectively registered at the Netherlands Trial Register (NL8108).
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Affiliation(s)
- N E H Stappers
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6229HA, The Netherlands.
| | - M P M Bekker
- Center for Space, Place and Society, Social Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M W J Jansen
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Collaborative Center for Public Health, Public Health Service South-Limburg, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - S P J Kremers
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6229HA, The Netherlands
| | - N K de Vries
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6229HA, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J Schipperijn
- Research Unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - D H H Van Kann
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht University, Debyeplein 1, Maastricht, 6229HA, The Netherlands
- School of Sport Studies, Fontys University of Applied Sciences, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Kemp BJ, Dumuid D, Chong KH, Parrish AM, Cliff D. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of domain-specific physical activity composition with health-related quality of life in childhood and adolescence in Australia. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:67. [PMID: 37277854 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01466-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health benefits have been linked with physical activity (PA), as well as some domains of PA among youth (e.g. organized PA and active transport). However, less is known about whether some PA domains are more beneficial than others. There is also a lack of evidence about whether health outcomes are related to the composition of PA (i.e. the share of PA spent in different domains). This study aimed to identify: (1) how the absolute durations of organized PA, non-organized PA, active transport and active chores/work at 10-11y are individually associated with physical, psychosocial and total health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at 10-11y and 12-13y; and (2) how the domain-specific composition of PA at 10-11y is associated with HRQOL at 10-11y and 12-13y. METHODS Data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were used in cross-sectional (n ≥ 2730) and longitudinal analyses (n ≥ 2376). Measurement included the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL™) for HRQOL domains and one-day time-use diaries (TUDs) for PA domains. Robust linear regression models were used, controlling for age, sex, pubertal status, socioeconomic position, body mass index and TUD context (season and school attendance). Compositional models additionally adjusted for total PA duration and longitudinal models controlled for baseline PedsQL™ scores. RESULTS Non-compositional models indicated that the duration of organized PA, and to a lesser extent non-organized PA, were positively but weakly associated with some HRQOL outcomes at 10-11y. These trends were not reflected in longitudinal models, although a 30-min increase in non-organized PA per day did predict marginally better psychosocial HRQOL at 12-13y (+ 0.17%; 95%CI = + 0.03%, + 0.32%). Compositional models revealed that a 30-min increase in organized PA relative to other domains was positively but weakly associated with physical (+ 0.32%; 95%CI = + 0.01%, + 0.63%), psychosocial (+ 0.41%; 95%CI = + 0.11%, + 0.72%) and total HRQOL (+ 0.39%; 95%CI = + 0.12%, + 0.66%) at 10-11y. However, the overall PA composition at 10-11y was not related to HRQOL at 12-13y. CONCLUSIONS Non-compositional and compositional models generally concurred on the direction of cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships (and lack thereof) between PA domains and HRQOL outcomes. The strongest associations were cross-sectional between organized PA and HRQOL at 10-11y. However, all associations between PA domains and HRQOL outcomes were weak and may not be clinically meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron J Kemp
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
- School of Education, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Cnr North Terrace & Frome Rd, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Kar Hau Chong
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Anne-Maree Parrish
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Dylan Cliff
- Early Start, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- School of Education, Faculty of the Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Hernández ED, Cobo EA, Cahalin LP, Seron P. Impact of structural-level environmental interventions on physical activity: a systematic review. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2023:10.1007/s00420-023-01973-w. [PMID: 37099193 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-01973-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of structural-level environmental interventions on the changes in PA levels in the populations examined. METHODS Natural experiments that involve environmental intervention with structural modification were included. The primary outcome PA levels with consideration of both objective and subjective measurements. An electronic search was carried out in Medline/Pubmed, SCIENCE DIRECT, WEB OF SCIENCE, and CINAHL up to January 2022. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts, selected studies, extracted relevant data, and examined study quality. A qualitative synthesis was performed. RESULTS Twenty-six articles were included. The structural-level environmental interventions included 4 fundamental areas: schools, work environments, streets or cities, and neighborhoods or parks. Of the 26 studies, 21 examined outdoor environments like parks, cities, pedestrian walkways, or steps, while 5 examined indoor or closed environments like schools and workplaces revealing that structural-level environmental interventions improve PA levels with the greatest effect in parks and active transportation. A risk of bias is inherent in natural experiments which is a limitation of this study. In schools and work areas, there is evidence of both decrease in sedentary time and an increase in PA related to environmental modifications. CONCLUSION Structural-level environmental modifications in parks and active transportation demonstrated greater effects in promoting PA. Environmental modifications can impact physical activity in the population. Given that the economic and cultural setting is a key variable when considering the effectiveness of structural interventions, and since only 1 of the 26 reviewed articles included such data, more studies examining economic factors are needed especially in low- and middle-income countries like in South America. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021229718.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar D Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina, Human Movement Department, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, cra 45 30-00, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Elisa A Cobo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Boyacá, Boyacá, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Lawrence P Cahalin
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Pamela Seron
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Claro Solar #112, Temuco, Chile
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20
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Beck F, Marzi I, Renninger D, Demetriou Y, Engels ES, Niermann C, Reimers AK. Associations of parents' and adolescents' active travel behavior across various destinations - a sex/gender analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:522. [PMID: 36934259 PMCID: PMC10024016 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active travel behavior such as walking and cycling is associated with several health benefits. Especially the family environment seems to be important for active travel in children and adolescents. Currently, little is known regarding travel behavior in leisure time and associations of travel behavior within parent-adolescent dyads. METHODS The present analysis is based on the German ARRIVE study (Active tRavel behavioR in the famIly enVironmEnt), which incorporated a large scale, representative cross-sectional online survey including 517 parent-child dyads consisting of adolescents (N = 517; boys = 263, girls = 254) aged 11-15 years and one of their parents (N = 517; fathers = 259, mothers = 258). Based on that survey which took place in June 2021 (during the COVID-19 pandemic), we calculated the prevalence of active travel to four commonly visited destinations (school/work, friends/relatives, shopping stores and recreational activities) using an adapted version of the travel to school questionnaire by Segura-Diaz JM, Rojas-Jimenez A, Barranco-Ruiz Y, Murillo-Pardo B, Saucedo-Araujo RG, Aranda-Balboa MJ, et al. (Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(14), 2020). In addition, we investigated the associations between parents' and adolescents' travel behavior using scores for school/work, leisure time (friends/relatives, shopping stores and recreational activities) and overall (school/work and leisure time). RESULTS Across all destinations, prevalence of active travel in adolescents (63.08%) was higher than in parents (29.21%). Active travel to school (47.33%) as well as to work (20.43%) indicated the lowest prevalence. Linear regression models revealed significant associations in overall active travel between mothers and adolescents (girls: β = 0.308, p < 0.001; boys: β = 0.302, p = 0.001) and in leisure time active travel behavior between mothers and daughters (β = 0.316, p < 0.001). Related to school/work active travel there were no associations between parents and adolescents. CONCLUSION The associations between adolescents' and parents' travel behavior differ depending on gender: they are solely seen in mother-adolescents dyads. Furthermore, our findings conclude that travel is a routine and independent of the destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Beck
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Isabel Marzi
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Denise Renninger
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Yolanda Demetriou
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 60/62, 80992, Munich, Germany
| | - Eliane Stephanie Engels
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Niermann
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Kerstin Reimers
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Simas RG, Pessoa Junior A, Long PF. Mechanistic aspects of IPTG (isopropylthio-β-galactoside) transport across the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli-a rate limiting step in the induction of recombinant protein expression. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad034. [PMID: 37849239 PMCID: PMC10639102 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Coupling transcription of a cloned gene to the lac operon with induction by isopropylthio-β-galactoside (IPTG) has been a favoured approach for recombinant protein expression using Escherichia coli as a heterologous host for more than six decades. Despite a wealth of experimental data gleaned over this period, a quantitative relationship between extracellular IPTG concentration and consequent levels of recombinant protein expression remains surprisingly elusive across a broad spectrum of experimental conditions. This is because gene expression under lac operon regulation is tightly correlated with intracellular IPTG concentration due to allosteric regulation of the lac repressor protein (lacY). An in-silico mathematical model established that uptake of IPTG across the cytoplasmic membrane of E. coli by simple diffusion was negligible. Conversely, lacY mediated active transport was a rapid process, taking only some seconds for internal and external IPTG concentrations to equalize. Optimizing kcat and KM parameters by targeted mutation of the galactoside binding site in lacY could be a future strategy to improve the performance of recombinant protein expression. For example, if kcat were reduced whilst KM was increased, active transport of IPTG across the cytoplasmic membrane would be reduced, thereby lessening the metabolic burden on the cell and expediating accumulation of recombinant protein. The computational model described herein is made freely available and is amenable to optimize recombinant protein expression in other heterologous hosts. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY A computational model made freely available to optimize recombinant protein expression in Escherichia coli other heterologous hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Simas
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, B16, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa Junior
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, B16, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paul F Long
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, B16, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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22
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Kandere-Grzybowska K, Polev K, Kolygina DV, Grzybowski BA. Protocol and Software for Automated Detection of Lysosome Active "Runs" and "Flights" with Wavelet Transform Approach. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2593:171-95. [PMID: 36513931 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2811-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are highly dynamic degradation/recycling organelles that harbor sophisticated molecular sensors and signal transduction machinery through which they control cell adaptation to environmental cues and nutrients. The movements of these signaling hubs comprise persistent, directional runs-active, ATP-dependent transport along the microtubule tracks-interspersed by short, passive movements and pauses imposed by cytoplasmic constraints. The trajectories of individual lysosomes are usually obtained by time-lapse imaging of the acidic organelles labeled with LysoTracker dyes or fluorescently-tagged lysosomal-associated membrane proteins LAMP1 and LAMP2. Subsequent particle tracking generates large data sets comprising thousands of lysosome trajectories and hundreds of thousands of data points. Analyzing such data sets requires unbiased, automated methods to handle large data sets while capturing the temporal heterogeneity of lysosome trajectory data. This chapter describes integrated and largely automated workflow from live cell imaging to lysosome trajectories to computing the parameters of lysosome dynamics. We describe an open-source code for implementing the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) to distinguish trajectory segments corresponding to active transport (i.e., "runs" and "flights") versus passive lysosome movements. Complementary cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) of the "runs/flights" are generated, and Akaike weight comparisons with several competing models (lognormal, power law, truncated power law, stretched exponential, exponential) are performed automatically. Such high-throughput analyses yield useful aggregate/ensemble metrics for lysosome active transport.
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23
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van den Broek SL, Shalgunov V, Herth MM. Transport of nanomedicines across the blood-brain barrier: Challenges and opportunities for imaging and therapy. Biomater Adv 2022; 141:213125. [PMID: 36182833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a protective and semipermeable border of endothelial cells that prevents toxins and foreign bodies to enter and damage the brain. Unfortunately, the BBB also hampers the development of pharmaceuticals targeting receptors, enzymes, or other proteins that lie beyond this barrier. Especially large molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or nanoparticles, are prevented to enter the brain. The limited passage of these molecules partly explains why nanomedicines - targeting brain diseases - have not made it into the clinic to a great extent. As nanomedicines can target a wide range of targets including protein isoforms and oligomers or potentially deliver cytotoxic drugs safely to their targets, a pathway to smuggle nanomedicines into the brain would allow to treat brain diseases that are currently considered 'undruggable'. In this review, strategies to transport nanomedicines over the BBB will be discussed. Their challenges and opportunities will be highlighted with respect to their use for molecular imaging or therapies. Several strategies have been explored for this thus far. For example, carrier-mediated and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), techniques to disrupt the BBB, nasal drug delivery or administering nanomedicines directly into the brain have been explored. RMT has been the most widely and successfully explored strategy. Recent work on the use of focused ultrasound based BBB opening has shown great promise. For example, successful delivery of mAbs into the brain has been achieved, even in a clinical setting. As nanomedicines bear the potential to treat incurable brain diseases, drug delivery technologies that can deliver nanomedicines into the brain will play an essential role for future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopes van den Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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24
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Dadashova B, Park ES, Mousavi SM, Dai B, Sanders R. Assessment of inequity in bicyclist crashes using bivariate Bayesian copulas. J Safety Res 2022; 82:221-232. [PMID: 36031249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity associated with active transport modes such as bicycling has major health benefits and can help to reduce health concerns related to sedentary lifestyles, such as cardiovascular disease, Type II diabetes, and obesity, as well as risks of colon and breast cancer, high blood pressure, lipid disorders, osteoporosis, depression, and anxiety. However, as a vulnerable user group, bicyclists experience negative health impacts of transportation policies and infrastructure, such as traffic crashes and exposure to air and noise pollution that is disproportionately distributed within low-income and underserved areas. METHOD This study used aggregated (block-group) bicyclist crash data from Harris County, Texas, to analyze how various equity measures are associated with both fatal and injury (FI) and no injury (property damage only) bicyclist crashes that occurred from 2010 to 2017. We used Bayesian bivariate copula-based random effects regression analysis to evaluate these associations. In contrast to more traditional univariate analysis, this novel methodology can consider the effects of factors of interest across different severity levels or crash types to fully understand their effects and how they may differ across categories. RESULTS The analysis results indicate that the bicyclist exposure, vehicle exposure, population demographics, population density, the percentage of African-Americans, and households below the poverty level are associated with both FI and PDO bicyclist crashes. CONCLUSIONS Although more location and context-specific analyses are required, this study's overall results once again conform with the findings and assumptions in bicycling safety literature that the low-income and racially diverse communities are prone to experience more bicyclist crashes. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The findings of this study may have implications for future transportation and planning policies. These findings can be used to guide the policies and strategies targeting the elimination of inequity in transportation-related health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Dadashova
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, 1111 Rellis Pkwy, Bryan, TX 77807, United States.
| | - Eun Sug Park
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, 1111 Rellis Pkwy, Bryan, TX 77807, United States
| | | | - Boya Dai
- Texas A&M Transportation Institute, 1111 Rellis Pkwy, Bryan, TX 77807, United States
| | - Rebecca Sanders
- Safe Streets Research & Consulting, 2641 SE Harrison Street, Portland, OR 97214, United States
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Dietz WH, Pryor S. How Can We Act to Mitigate the Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change? Curr Obes Rep 2022; 11:61-69. [PMID: 35138591 PMCID: PMC9399359 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this manuscript is to identify dietary and active transport strategies that reduce greenhouse gases and obesity, and thereby mitigate the effects of climate change on crop yields and micronutrient content. RECENT FINDINGS This report builds on our earlier publication that described the Global Syndemic of Obesity, Undernutrition, and Climate Change. We focus here on the contributions that the USA makes to the Global Syndemic and the policy solutions necessary to reduce the effects of the transport and food and agriculture systems on greenhouse gas emissions and environmental degradation. A recent study suggests that people are interested and ready to address local solutions to climate change. Changing the individual behaviors that sustain the US transport and food and agriculture systems is the first step to the broader engagement necessary to build the political will that to achieve institutional, municipal, state, and federal policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Dietz
- Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Sydney Pryor
- Redstone Global Center for Prevention and Wellness, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
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26
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Thomas A, Furlong J, Aldred R. Equity in temporary street closures: The case of London's Covid-19 'School Streets' schemes. Transp Res D Transp Environ 2022; 110:103402. [PMID: 35975028 PMCID: PMC9373876 DOI: 10.1016/j.trd.2022.103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
School Streets are a street space reallocation scheme that has proliferated since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in the UK, reducing motor traffic on streets outside many schools. Utilising a minimum-standards approach to equity, this paper examines the distribution of School Streets closures across social and environmental indicators of equity, and spatially across London's administrative geography. Using a multi-level regression analysis, we show that although School Streets have been equally distributed across several socio-demographic indicators, they are less likely to benefit schools in car-dominated areas of poor air quality, and their spatial distribution is highly unequal. This study presents an example of using environmental and spatial variables alongside more typical sociodemographic indicators in measuring the equity of school travel provision. For policymakers, the findings signal the need to implement complementary policies that can benefit schools with worse air quality, and to accelerate School Street implementation in slower districts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asa Thomas
- School of Architecture and Cities, University of Westminster, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Furlong
- School of Architecture and Cities, University of Westminster, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Aldred
- School of Architecture and Cities, University of Westminster, United Kingdom
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27
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Rutherford ER, Vandelanotte C, Chapman J, To QG. Associations between depression, domain-specific physical activity, and BMI among US adults: NHANES 2011-2014 cross-sectional data. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1618. [PMID: 36008859 PMCID: PMC9413906 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is associated with depression. However, benefits of physical activity on depression may differ for specific domains of physical activity (i.e., leisure-time, work, and travel). Moreover, the relationship between physical activity and depression could also differ for people in different Body Mass Index (BMI) categories. This study investigated the relationship between domain-specific physical activity and BMI with depression, and the moderation effects of BMI on the relationship between domain physical activity and depression. Methods Complex survey data from the NHANES 2011-2014 was used (N=10,047). Depression was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Participants reported physical activity minutes in each domain using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Demographic characteristics were self-reported. Weight and height were objectively measured and used for calculating BMI. Survey procedures were used to account for complex survey design. As two survey cycles were used, sampling weights were re-calculated and used for analyses. Taylor series linearisation was chosen as a variance estimation method. Results Participants who engaged in ≥150 minutes/week of total moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (adjusted B = 0.83, 95% CI [0.50, 1.16]) and leisure-time MVPA (adjusted B = 0.84, 95% CI [0.57, 1.11]) experienced lower levels of depression compared to those engaging in <150 MVPA minutes/week. Work and travel-related physical activity were not associated with depression. Overweight (adjusted B = -0.40, 95% CI [-0.76, -0.04]) and underweight/normal weight participants (adjusted B = -0.60, 95%CI [-0.96, -0.25]) experienced less depressive symptoms compared to obese participants. BMI did not moderate the relationship between domain-specific physical activity and depression. Conclusions Interventions that focus on leisure-time physical activity appear to be best suited to improve depression, however, this needs to be confirmed in purposefully designed intervention studies. Future studies may also examine ways to improve the effectiveness of work and travel physical activity for reducing depression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14037-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Rutherford
- Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Appleton Institute, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Appleton Institute, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Janine Chapman
- Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Appleton Institute, Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Quyen G To
- Central Queensland University, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Appleton Institute, Rockhampton, Australia.
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Stappers NEH, Schipperijn J, Kremers SPJ, Bekker MPM, Jansen MWJ, de Vries NK, Van Kann DHH. Visualizing changes in physical activity behavioral patterns after redesigning urban infrastructure. Health Place 2022; 76:102853. [PMID: 35779325 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore effects of a major urban reconstruction on physical activity (PA) behavior by comparing PA intensity hotspots before and after the tunneling of a highway with a new infrastructure prioritized for walking and cycling. In total, 126 individuals participated before and after the tunneling. GPS loggers and accelerometers were used to assess location and PA levels. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to perform optimized hotspot analyses on PA data, both on transport and stationary data points. The results showed several changes in PA hotspots on trip data, even if total PA levels did not change. At follow-up, PA intensity hotspots were more connected, with the new infrastructure as a central connection. This was true for higher and lower educated individuals. Therefore, if changes in the built environment do not result in changes on population-level outcomes, this does not imply that they have no impact on behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- N E H Stappers
- Maastricht University, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - J Schipperijn
- University of Southern Denmark, Research Unit for Active Living, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Odense, Denmark
| | - S P J Kremers
- Maastricht University, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - M P M Bekker
- Maastricht University, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Wageningen University, Center for Space, Place and Society, Social Sciences Group, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - M W J Jansen
- Maastricht University, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of Health Services Research, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Academic Collaborative Center for Public Health, Public Health Service South-Limburg, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - N K de Vries
- Maastricht University, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Department of Health Promotion, the Netherlands
| | - D H H Van Kann
- Maastricht University, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Health Promotion, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Fontys University of Applied Sciences, School of Sport Studies, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Prince SA, Lancione S, Lang JJ, Amankwah N, de Groh M, Jaramillo Garcia A, Merucci K, Geneau R. Examining the state, quality and strength of the evidence in the research on built environments and physical activity among children and youth: An overview of reviews from high income countries. Health Place 2022; 76:102828. [PMID: 35700605 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Built environments have shown to be associated with health, with physical activity (PA) considered one of the critical pathways for achieving benefits. Navigating available evidence on the built environment and PA is challenging given the number of reviews. OBJECTIVE Examine the current state and quality of research looking at associations between built environments and total PA and domains of PA (i.e., leisure/recreation, transportation, school) among children and youth (1-18 years). METHODS We systematically searched the grey literature and six bibliographic databases from January 2000 to May 2020. Review quality was assessed using the AMSTAR2. Results by age group were synthesized using narrative syntheses and harvest plots, and certainty of the evidence was assessed using a modified GRADE approach. RESULTS This overview included 65 reviews. Most reviews were of very low-to-low quality. High certainty was found for positive associations between transportation PA and walking/cycling/active transportation (AT) infrastructure. There was high certainty for positive associations between streets/play streets and total PA, alongside lower certainty for transportation and leisure PA. Very low-to-moderate certainty supports schoolyards designed to promote PA were positively associated with total PA, but mixed for school PA (except children). Less consistent positive associations were found for forests/trees, greenspace/open space, recreation facilities, street lighting, traffic safety, population/residential density, proximity/access to destinations, neighbourhood characteristics, and home environments. There is very low-to-moderate certainty for negative associations between greater distance to school and traffic volume and domains of PA. Generally, null or mixed associations were observed for aesthetics, parks, AT comfort infrastructure, land-use mix, street connectivity, urban/rural status, and public transit. DISCUSSION There remains a need for high quality systematic reviews and studies to evaluate the effects of environmental changes across the pediatric age spectrum and using a PA domain approach. Given the global physical inactivity crisis the built environment remains and important means to promote PA among children/youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Prince
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Samantha Lancione
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; School of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Nana Amankwah
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Margaret de Groh
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Robert Geneau
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
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Ikeda E, Guagliano JM, Atkin AJ, Sherar LB, Ekelund U, Hansen B, Northstone K, van Sluijs E. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of active travel, organised sport and physical education with accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in young people: the International Children's Accelerometry Database. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:41. [PMID: 35366914 PMCID: PMC8977036 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) declines during childhood. Important sources of PA are active travel, organised sport and physical education (PE), but it is unclear how these domain-specific PA sources contribute to (changes in) daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in young people. This study aimed to examine (1) the cross-sectional association between domain-specific physical activity (i.e., active travel, organised sport and PE) and daily minutes in accelerometer-assessed MVPA; and (2) the longitudinal association between domain-specific physical activity at baseline and change in daily minutes in MVPA. METHODS Participants (baseline age 11.3 ± .1.2 years) were drawn from three studies in the International Children's Accelerometry Database. The contribution of self-reported standardised active travel, organised sport and PE to accelerometer-measured daily minutes in MVPA was examined using linear regression. In cross-sectional analyses, MVPA was regressed on each PA domain in separate models, adjusted for study, age, sex, maternal education, season, and monitor wear time. In longitudinal analyses, change in MVPA was regressed on each of the baseline PA domains, additionally adjusting for changes in season and wear time, follow-up duration, and baseline MVPA. R-squared was used to compare variance explained by each PA domain. RESULTS In the cross-sectional analyses (n = 3871), organised sport (standardised β = 3.81, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] = 3.06, 4.56) and active travel (β = 3.46, 95%CI = 2.73, 4.19) contributed more to daily MVPA than PE (β = 0.82, 95%CI = -0.02, 1.66). Compared to the base model which included only covariates (R2 = 21.5%), organised sport (absolute change: + 1.9%) and active travel (+ 1.7%) models explained more of the variance than the PE model (± < 0.1%). Associations followed a similar pattern in the longitudinal analyses (n = 2302), but none of the PA domains predicted change in MVPA (organised sport: standardised β = 0.85, 95%CI = -0.03, 1.72; active travel: β = 0.68, 95%CI = -0.14, 1.50; PE: β = 0.02, 95%CI = -0.87, 0.91). CONCLUSIONS A multi-sectoral approach covering a wide range of PA domains should be promoted to minimise the age-related decline in MVPA during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Ikeda
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Justin M Guagliano
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew J Atkin
- School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Norwich Epidemiology Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Lauren B Sherar
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørge Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol School of Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Chen L, Deng J, Yu A, Hu Y, Jin B, Du P, Zhou J, Lei L, Wang Y, Vakal S, Li X. Drug-peptide supramolecular hydrogel boosting transcorneal permeability and pharmacological activity via ligand-receptor interaction. Bioact Mater 2022; 10:420-429. [PMID: 34901557 PMCID: PMC8636707 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Boosting transcorneal permeability and pharmacological activity of drug poses a great challenge in the field of ocular drug delivery. In the present study, we propose a drug-peptide supramolecular hydrogel based on anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone (Dex), and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif for boosting transcorneal permeability and pharmacological activity via the ligand-receptor interaction. The drug-peptide (Dex-SA-RGD/RGE) supramolecular hydrogel comprised of uniform nanotube architecture formed spontaneously in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH = 7.4) without external stimuli. Upon storage at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C for 70 days, Dex-SA-RGD in hydrogel did not undergo significant hydrolysis, suggesting great long-term stability. In comparison to Dex-SA-RGE, Dex-SA-RGD exhibited a more potent in vitro anti-inflammatory efficacy in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages via the inhibition of nuclear factor кB (NF-κB) signal pathway. More importantly, using drug-peptide supramolecular hydrogel labeled with 7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD), the Dex-SA-K(NBD)RGD showed increased performance in terms of integrin targeting and cellular uptake compared to Dex-SA-K(NBD)RGE, as revealed by cellular uptake assay. On topical instillation in rabbit's eye, the proposed Dex-SA-K(NBD)RGD could effectively enhance the transcorneal distribution and permeability with respect to the Dex-SA-K(NBD)RGE. Overall, our findings demonstrate the performance of the ligand-receptor interaction for boosting transcorneal permeability and pharmacological activity of drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Jie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Ailing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Yuhan Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Bo Jin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Pengyuan Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Jianhong Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
| | - Serhii Vakal
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, 20541, Finland
| | - Xingyi Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 270 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, 325027, PR China
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Tobin M, Hajna S, Orychock K, Ross N, DeVries M, Villeneuve PJ, Frank LD, McCormack GR, Wasfi R, Steinmetz-Wood M, Gilliland J, Booth GL, Winters M, Kestens Y, Manaugh K, Rainham D, Gauvin L, Widener MJ, Muhajarine N, Luan H, Fuller D. Rethinking walkability and developing a conceptual definition of active living environments to guide research and practice. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:450. [PMID: 35255841 PMCID: PMC8900439 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Walkability is a popular term used to describe aspects of the built and social environment that have important population-level impacts on physical activity, energy balance, and health. Although the term is widely used by researchers, practitioners, and the general public, and multiple operational definitions and walkability measurement tools exist, there are is no agreed-upon conceptual definition of walkability. Method To address this gap, researchers from Memorial University of Newfoundland hosted “The Future of Walkability Measures Workshop” in association with researchers from the Canadian Urban Environmental Health Research Consortium (CANUE) in November 2017. During the workshop, trainees, researchers, and practitioners worked together in small groups to iteratively develop and reach consensus about a conceptual definition and name for walkability. The objective of this paper was to discuss and propose a conceptual definition of walkability and related concepts. Results In discussions during the workshop, it became clear that the term walkability leads to a narrow conception of the environmental features associated with health as it inherently focuses on walking. As a result, we suggest that the term Active Living Environments, as has been previously proposed in the literature, are more appropriate. We define Active Living Environments (ALEs) as the emergent natural, built, and social properties of neighbourhoods that promote physical activity and health and allow for equitable access to health-enhancing resources. Conclusions We believe that this broader conceptualization allows for a more comprehensive understanding of how built, natural, and social environments can contribute to improved health for all members of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Tobin
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Samantha Hajna
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kassia Orychock
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Nancy Ross
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Megan DeVries
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence D Frank
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gavin R McCormack
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Rania Wasfi
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Jason Gilliland
- Department of Geography, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gillian L Booth
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meghan Winters
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yan Kestens
- École de Santé Publique de L'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kevin Manaugh
- Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Rainham
- School of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lise Gauvin
- École de Santé Publique de L'Université de Montréal (ESPUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de L'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michael J Widener
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto - St. George, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nazeem Muhajarine
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Hui Luan
- Department of Geography, College of Arts and Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Daniel Fuller
- School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada.
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Nguyen MH, Pojani D. The emergence of recreational cycling in Hanoi during the Covid-19 pandemic. J Transp Health 2022; 24:101332. [PMID: 35047348 PMCID: PMC8758322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2022.101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined recreational cycling in Hanoi, Vietnam, with a particular focus on changes brought about by the Covid-19 pandemic. The research questions were: (1) Has recreational cycling increased during the Covid-19 pandemic?; (2) If so, what factors have led to the increase?; and (3) What are some of the typical traits and behaviors of recreational cyclists? METHOD Face-to-face surveys of 356 recreational cyclists were carried out in March-April 2021 in four areas of inner Hanoi. The survey data were modelled through two binary and one ordinal logit regression. RESULTS Recreational cycling has become much more popular in Hanoi during the Covid-19 pandemic, with early morning being the preferred time for this activity (to avoid heavy traffic). A quarter of the participants had starting cycling recreationally since the first lockdown in April 2020, and about three quarters reported having noticed an increase in cycling activity around them. Nearly half of the participants cycled regularly (more than four times per week). The groups that were most likely to have taken up cycling for recreations during the pandemic included men, those living with children in the home, and those not working or studying. Age and income were not significant. People have been embracing cycling as a way to maintain or increase physical activity levels, and to safely socialize at the time when social gatherings are limited, walking is prohibited in some zones, and social distancing rules apply everywhere. CONCLUSION To sustain the growth in recreational cycling and widen the time-window for this activity while ensuring everyone's safety, Hanoi's planning and public health sectors should join forces to adopt a combination of 'hard' and 'soft' measures. The authors recommend creating multi-use paths for micromobility modes, launching a public bikesharing scheme, regulating motorised modes, and social marketing that promotes recreational cycling as trendy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Hieu Nguyen
- Faculty of Transport - Economics, University of Transport and Communications, No. 3 Cau Giay Street, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dorina Pojani
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Harris NJ, Reading E, Booth PJ. Cell-Free Synthesis Strategies to Probe Co-translational Folding of Proteins Within Lipid Membranes. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2433:273-292. [PMID: 34985751 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1998-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to comprehend the molecular basis of transmembrane protein biogenesis, methods are required that are capable of investigating the co-translational folding of these hydrophobic proteins. Equally, in artificial cell studies, controllable methods are desirable for in situ synthesis of membrane proteins that then direct reactions in the synthetic cell membrane. Here we describe a method that exploits cell-free expression systems and tunable membrane mimetics to facilitate co-translational studies. Alteration of the lipid bilayer composition improves the efficiency of the folding system. The approach also enables membrane transport proteins to be made and inserted into artificial cell platforms such as droplet interface bilayers. Importantly, this gives a new facet to the droplet networks by enabling specific transport of molecules across the synthetic bilayer against a concentration gradient. This method also includes a protocol to pause and restart translation of membrane proteins at specified positions during their co-translational folding. This stop-start strategy provides an avenue to investigate whether the proteins fold in sequence order, or if the correct fold of N-terminal regions is reliant on the synthesis of downstream residues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eamonn Reading
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paula J Booth
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, UK.
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35
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Sersli S, Turrell G, Burton NW, Brown WJ, Heesch KC. Longitudinal associations between bicycling and having dependent children, in middle-aged men and women. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101479. [PMID: 34345577 PMCID: PMC8319440 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicycling has multiple health benefits. Child-rearing may influence bicycling, but little is known about the impact of this between men's and women's bicycling, or of number and ages of children on bicycling. This study examined the longitudinal associations between having dependent children and bicycling for transportation and recreation over 4 years among mid-aged men and women. Data were from the HABITAT study (Australia). We analysed data from three survey waves (2007, 2009, 2011) using multilevel logistic regression stratified by gender (n = 7758). Findings indicate that having dependent children was associated with bicycling for transportation and recreation in contrasting ways for men and women. The odds of bicycling were higher in men with ≥2 children aged under 18y than men without children (transportation: OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.26, 2.98; recreation: OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.67, 3.37). Over time, the odds of recreational bicycling were lower in women with ≥2 children than women without children (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.93). However, for both men and women, the odds of recreational bicycling were higher in those with children aged 6-12y than those with younger or older children (men: OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.39, 2.49; women: OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.31, 2.46). Interventions to promote bicycling must therefore consider gendered differences in bicycling for travel and active leisure, and family circumstances. An opportunity to promote bicycling might be to target parents with children aged 6-12y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Sersli
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, 7/F, 2635 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gavin Turrell
- Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicola W. Burton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Australia
| | - Wendy J. Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristiann C. Heesch
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Taju SW, Shah SMA, Ou YY. ActTRANS: Functional classification in active transport proteins based on transfer learning and contextual representations. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 93:107537. [PMID: 34217007 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Primary and secondary active transport are two types of active transport that involve using energy to move the substances. Active transport mechanisms do use proteins to assist in transport and play essential roles to regulate the traffic of ions or small molecules across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient. In this study, the two main types of proteins involved in such transport are classified from transmembrane transport proteins. We propose a Support Vector Machine (SVM) with contextualized word embeddings from Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) to represent protein sequences. BERT is a powerful model in transfer learning, a deep learning language representation model developed by Google and one of the highest performing pre-trained model for Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The idea of transfer learning with pre-trained model from BERT is applied to extract fixed feature vectors from the hidden layers and learn contextual relations between amino acids in the protein sequence. Therefore, the contextualized word representations of proteins are introduced to effectively model complex structures of amino acids in the sequence and the variations of these amino acids in the context. By generating context information, we capture multiple meanings for the same amino acid to reveal the importance of specific residues in the protein sequence. RESULTS The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using five-fold cross-validation and independent test. The proposed method achieves an accuracy of 85.44 %, 88.74 % and 92.84 % for Class-1, Class-2, and Class-3, respectively. Experimental results show that this approach can outperform from other feature extraction methods using context information, effectively classify two types of active transport and improve the overall performance.
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Woods CB, Crowley E, Powell C, O'Brien W, Murphy MH, Belton S, Saunders J, Connolly S, Farmer O, Ng K. Socio-ecological correlates of physical activity in a nationally representative sample of adolescents across Ireland and Northern Ireland. Prev Med Rep 2021; 23:101472. [PMID: 34258178 PMCID: PMC8259398 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent physical activity (PA) can be categorized into different levels. Categories include inactive, somewhat active, active, or daily active. Demographic, intrapersonal and interpersonal factors varied by PA category. Depending on PA category, school- and community-related factors also varied. As Every Move Counts, future correlate analyses may benefit from PA categorization.
Physical activity (PA) is associated with a range of health benefits for adolescents. Few adolescents meet one hour daily of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The World Health Organisation (WHO) now recommends an ‘on average’ accumulation. In light of these updates, comparing correlates associated with meeting versus not meeting the PA guidelines provides limited understanding of adolescent behavioural choices. The aim of this study was to fractionate PA behaviour and investigate influential socio-ecological correlates across a diverse range of PA categories. A nationally representative sample (N = 6,563; age = 13.5 ± 1.9 years; male = 46.2%) completed a researcher supervised self-report survey. Empirically established instruments assessing the socio-ecological correlates of PA were included. Levels of MPVA were categorised into daily active (60mins.MVPA.daily), active (60mins.MVPA.5–6 days), somewhat active (60mins.MVPA.3–4 days) or inactive (60mins.MVPA.0–2 days). Descriptive statistics, chi-square analyses and multivariate blockwise binary logistic regression models were run separately for each PA category. Few were daily active (12.7%), 33.6% active, 36.5% somewhat active and 17.2% were inactive. Results showed that correlates differed in terms of direction and strength, depending on individual activity status. Increasing age was positively associated with being somewhat active, but not with being active or daily active. Attending an ‘all-girls school’ was negatively associated with daily active. High interpersonal support from family, friends or teachers was negatively associated with inactive or somewhat active, reducing the likelihood of adolescents remaining in these unhealthy PA categories. This novel information is useful for exploring previously established inconsistent relationships with PA. More sensitive categorisation and intervention tailoring to diverse PA categories is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine B Woods
- Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, Ireland.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Emmet Crowley
- Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, Ireland.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Cormac Powell
- Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, Ireland.,High Performance Unit, Sport Ireland National Campus, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wesley O'Brien
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Marie H Murphy
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, United Kingdom
| | - Sarahjane Belton
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland
| | - Jean Saunders
- Claddagh Statistical Consultancy Services, Shannon & CSTAR@UL, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sinead Connolly
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, United Kingdom
| | - Orlagh Farmer
- School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education Programme, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Kwok Ng
- Physical Activity for Health, Health Research Institute, Ireland.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland.,School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
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Abstract
Vehicle automation is progressing rapidly and autonomous vehicles (AVs) are forecast to become a central feature of transportation systems globally. This development has the potential to result in profound changes in walking behaviors. The present study examined this issue from the perspective of relevant experts for the purpose of informing health policy. Interviews were conducted with 44 key stakeholders in Australia (n = 34), the European Union (n = 5), the UK (n = 4), and the US (n = 1). The stakeholders represented a wide range of sectors including government, AV manufacturing/servicing companies, transport policy consortiums, technology firms, insurers (public and private), trade unions, consumer representation organizations, and academia. Two potential scenarios were evident in interviewees' discussions of the ways AVs are likely to be introduced and the implications for walking behaviors. The most beneficial scenario, but the least likely to eventuate, was considered to be the situation where people relinquish private vehicle ownership and rely on a combination of walking, public transport, and on-demand transport. The alternative scenario involved greater private AV ownership, traffic congestion, and urban sprawl, resulting in less walking activity. The convergence of the stakeholders' views around the opposing identified scenarios highlights the need for proactive policy development to ensure the emerging transport transformation does not result in substantial increases in sedentarism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pettigrew
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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39
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Crooks N, Alston L, Nichols M, Bolton KA, Allender S, Fraser P, Le H, Bliss J, Rennie C, Orellana L, Strugnell C. Association between the school physical activity environment, measured and self-reported student physical activity and active transport behaviours in Victoria, Australia. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:79. [PMID: 34158052 PMCID: PMC8220765 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environments within schools including the physical, social-cultural and policy/practice environments have the potential to influence children’s physical activity (PA) behaviours and weight status. This Australian first study comprehensively examined the association(s) of physical, social-cultural and policy/practice environments with PA, active transport (AT) and weight status among regional primary school children. Methods Data were from two childhood obesity monitoring systems in regional Victoria, Australia. Measured height and weight were collected from students in Year 2 (aged approx. 7–8 years), Year 4 (9–10 years), and Year 6 (11–12 years). Self–reported PA behaviour, including AT were collected from students in Year 4 and 6 and a sub-sample wore an ActiGraph (wGT3X-BT) accelerometer for 7-days. A school physical activity environment audit was completed by the school principal and responses were used to calculate school physical activity environment scores (PAES) and active transport environment scores (ATES). Mixed effects logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between the proportion of students meeting the PA guidelines (≥60mins/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA) and PAES tertiles (low, medium, high) and those using AT and school ATES tertiles, controlling for gender, school size/type and socioeconomic composition. Results The analysed sample included 54/146 (37%) schools and 3360/5376 (64%) students. In stratified analysis, girls in schools with a medium PAES score were more likely to meet the objectively measured PA guideline compared to low PAES score (OR 2.3, 95%CI 1.27, 4.16). Similarly, students in schools with a medium or high ATES score had higher odds of self-reported AT (medium OR 3.15, 95%CI 1.67, 5.94; high OR 3.71, 95%CI: 1.80, 7.64). No association between PAES or ATES and weight status were observed. Self-reported AT among boys (OR 1.59, 95%CI 1.19, 2.13) and girls (OR 1.56, 95%CI 1.08, 2.27) was associated with higher odds of meeting self-reported PA guidelines on all 7-days than those who did not report using AT. Conclusions In this study of regional Victorian primary schools, PA environments were only associated with girls’ adherence to PA guidelines. School AT environments were strongly associated with students’ AT behaviours and with increased likelihood of students being physically active. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01151-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Crooks
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Laura Alston
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Melanie Nichols
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Kristy A Bolton
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Steven Allender
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Penny Fraser
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Ha Le
- Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Geelong, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Joanne Bliss
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Claire Rennie
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Liliana Orellana
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, Geelong, Victoria, 3125, Australia
| | - Claudia Strugnell
- Global Obesity Centre (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia.
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40
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez F, Gálvez-Fernández P, Huertas-Delgado FJ, Aranda-Balboa MJ, Saucedo-Araujo RG, Herrador-Colmenero M. Parent's sociodemographic factors, physical activity and active commuting are predictors of independent mobility to school. Int J Health Geogr 2021; 20:26. [PMID: 34090437 PMCID: PMC8180041 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-021-00280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Independent mobility (IM) provides young people with many opportunities to increase their autonomy and physical activity (PA). This study aimed to analyse whether the parent’s PA, active commuting to work and sociodemographic factors serve as predictors of IM to school in children and adolescents. Methods A total of 684 parents (52.8% mothers) and their offspring (56.4% girls) were included in this study, which was performed in Granada (Spain) and Valparaíso (Chile). The parents self-reported their sociodemographic characteristics, PA and mode of commuting to work. The mode of commuting to and from school and the offspring accompaniment mode were reported. T-test and chi-square test were used to study quantitative and qualitative differences by parental gender, respectively. Binary logistic regression models (odds ratio = OR) and stepwise analysis were performed to study the association between the parents’ sociodemographic variables and IM to school. Results Adolescents showed higher IM to school than children (58.9% vs 40.2%; p < 0.001). No car availability and shorter distance to work were positively associated with higher IM to school in children (OR = 2.22 and 2.29, respectively). Mothers' lower salary/month (OR = 2.75), no car availability (OR = 3.17), and mother passive commuting to work (OR = 2.61) were positively associated with higher IM to school in adolescents. The main predictor of IM to school in children and adolescents was no car availability (OR = 6.53). Conclusion Parental sociodemographic factors, such as salary, distance to work and car availability, were associated more strongly with IM than parental PA and active commuting to work. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12942-021-00280-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- IRyS Group, School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - P Gálvez-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - F J Huertas-Delgado
- Teacher Training Centre La Inmaculada. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M J Aranda-Balboa
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - R G Saucedo-Araujo
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M Herrador-Colmenero
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Teacher Training Centre La Inmaculada. University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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41
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Raifman M, Lambert KF, Levy JI, Kinney PL. Mortality Implications of Increased Active Mobility for a Proposed Regional Transportation Emission Cap-and-Invest Program. J Urban Health 2021; 98:315-27. [PMID: 33471280 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-020-00510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The transportation sector is now the primary contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the USA. The Transportation Climate Initiative (TCI), a partnership of 12 states and the District of Columbia currently under development, would implement a cap-and-invest program to reduce transportation sector emissions across the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic region, including substantial investment in cycling and pedestrian infrastructure. Using outputs from an investment scenario model and the World Health Organization Health Economic Assessment Tool methodology, we estimate the mortality implications of increased active mobility and their monetized value for three different investment allocation scenarios considered by TCI policymakers. We conduct these analyses for all 378 counties in the TCI region. We find that even for the scenario with the smallest investment in active mobility, when it is fully implemented, TCI would result in hundreds of fewer deaths per year across the region, with monetized benefits in the billions of dollars annually. Under all scenarios considered, the monetized benefits from deaths avoided substantially exceed the direct infrastructure costs of investment. We conclude that investing proceeds in active mobility infrastructure is a cost-effective way of reducing mortality, especially in urban areas, providing a strong motivation for investment in modernization of the transportation system and further evidence of the health co-benefits of climate action.
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42
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Fuller G, McGuinness K, Waitt G, Buchanan I, Lea T. The reactivated bike: Self-reported cycling activity during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Transp Res Interdiscip Perspect 2021; 10:100377. [PMID: 36844007 PMCID: PMC9940613 DOI: 10.1016/j.trip.2021.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In western societies, the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic restrictions created a boom in cycling activity and business. This article reports findings from an Australia-wide survey that invited responses from those who changed their cycling behaviour during the pandemic lockdowns. The survey premise was that the pandemic lockdowns in each state presented the conditions of a 'natural experiment' to test whether the reduction in automobile traffic affected how cyclists reported experiencing the cycling environment. The survey was in the field from 3 August to 16 September 2020 with purposive sampling. A total of 699 respondents participated, with 444 complete surveys. Key questions we seek to address include: Did cycling activity increase during the pandemic shutdowns? How did cyclists from under-represented groups experience the pandemic lockdowns? The findings are twofold. First, cycling activity increased among most respondents during pandemic lockdowns for exercise and wellbeing, but not for transport. Our survey reports that for respondents the pandemic lockdowns did not result in an uptake of active transport, despite the appearance of 'pop-up' cycle lanes. Second, the reduced traffic of the pandemic shutdown period created a particular opportunity for women to ride bikes. The key policy implication is that cities in Australia should be designed for more relaxed modalities of mobility if the goal is to increase rates of active travel and cycling activity.
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Abstract
Purpose of Review The study aims to provide an understanding of health cost assessments of different transport modes in urban contexts, and their relevance for transport planning and political decision-making. Recent Findings There is strong evidence that motorized transportation imposes a high health cost on society, and specifically children. In contrast, active transport is a very significant health benefit. Summary Economic analyses support urban change in favor of compact neighborhoods and public transit, as well as infrastructure exclusively devoted to active transport. Private cars need to be restricted because of the high cost they impose on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gössling
- School of Business and Economics, Linnaeus University, 391 82, Kalmar, Sweden. .,Service Management and Service Studies, Lund University, Box 882, 25108, Helsingborg, Sweden.
| | | | - Todd Litman
- Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 1250 Rudlin Street, Victoria, BC, V8V 3R7, Canada
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44
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Giles-Corti B, Zapata-Diomedi B, Jafari A, Both A, Gunn L. Could smart research ensure healthy people in disrupted cities? J Transp Health 2020; 19:100931. [PMID: 32953454 PMCID: PMC7486283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2020.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the late 19th century, city planners have struggled to cope with new types of urban transport and mobility that threatened the existing system, or even rendered it obsolete. PURPOSE As city planners confront the range of disruptive urban mobilities currently on the horizon, this paper explores how we can draw on a vast body of evidence to anticipate and avoid unintended consequences to people's health and wellbeing. METHODS This commentary involved a rapid review of the literature on transport disruption. RESULTS We found that to avoid the unintended consequences of disruption, research, policy and practice must think beyond single issues (such as the risk of chronic disease, injury, or traffic management) and consider the broader consequences of interventions. For example, although autonomous vehicles will probably reduce road trauma, what will be the negative consequences for physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, chronic disease, land use, traffic congestion and commuting patterns? Research is needed that considers and informs how to mitigate the range of potential harms caused by disruptive mobilities. CONCLUSION In the face of new disruptive mobilities, we must: (a) draw on existing evidence to shape new regulations that address the 'who, when and where' rules of introducing new mobilities (such as electric assisted bicycles (e-bikes) and scooters (e-scooters)) of which the health repercussions can be easily anticipated; (b) monitor and evaluate the implementation of any interventions through natural experiment studies; and (c) use innovative research methods (such as agent-based simulation and health-impact-assessment modelling) to assess the likely effects of emerging disruptive mobilities (e.g., autonomous vehicles) on health and wellbeing and on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billie Giles-Corti
- Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Belen Zapata-Diomedi
- Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Afshin Jafari
- Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alan Both
- Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lucy Gunn
- Healthy Liveable Cities Group, Centre for Urban Research, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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45
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Bista S, Debache I, Chaix B. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour related to transport activity assessed with multiple body-worn accelerometers: the RECORD MultiSensor Study. Public Health 2020; 189:144-152. [PMID: 33242758 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study explored the physical activity and sedentary behaviours related to transport activity. The aim was to provide evidence to support public health and transport policies encouraging people to reach daily recommendations of physical activity. STUDY DESIGN The study design of this study is a cross-sectional study design. METHODS Between 2013 and 2015, the RECORD MultiSensor Study collected data from 155 participants using two accelerometers worn on the thigh and trunk. In addition, data were collected from Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and a GPS-based mobility survey. Relationships between transport modes and the durations and partition patterns of physical behaviours were established at the trip stage (n = 7692) and trip levels (n = 4683) using multilevel linear models with a random effect at the individual level and taking into account temporal autocorrelation. RESULTS Participants travelled for a median of 1 h 45 min per day. Trip stages and trips involving walking, other active modes or public transport were associated with a lower sitting duration and a higher moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) duration than trips with a personal motorised vehicle. Using public transport was associated with a lower number of transitions between sedentary behaviours and non-sedentary behaviours, and with a higher number of transitions between non-sedentary behaviours and MVPA than relying on a private motorised vehicle. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to assess the association of transport mode with physical activity and sedentary behaviours captured with thigh- and trunk-worn accelerometers at both the trip stage and trip levels. The results demonstrate that, in addition to active transport modes, encouraging people to use public transport increases physical activity and reduces sedentary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bista
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Nemesis Research Team, F75012, Paris, France.
| | - I Debache
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC) UMR 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Chaix
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Nemesis Research Team, F75012, Paris, France
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46
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Tcymbal A, Demetriou Y, Kelso A, Wolbring L, Wunsch K, Wäsche H, Woll A, Reimers AK. Effects of the built environment on physical activity: a systematic review of longitudinal studies taking sex/gender into account. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:75. [PMID: 33246405 PMCID: PMC7697377 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individual health behavior is related to environmental and social structures. To promote physical activity (PA) effectively, it is necessary to consider structural influences. Previous research has shown the relevance of the built environment. However, sex/gender differences have yet not been considered. The aim of this systematic review was to identify built environmental determinants of PA by taking sex/gender into account. Methods A systematic literature search was carried out using six electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, SportDiscus, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Knowledge) to identify studies analyzing the effect of changes in the built environment on PA, taking sex/gender into account. To be included, studies had to be based on quantitative data and a longitudinal study design. Changes in the built environment had to be objectively assessed. The methodological quality of the studies was examined using the QualSyst tool for examining risk of bias. Results In total, 36 studies published since 2000 were included in this review. The data synthesis revealed that the majority of reviewed studies found the built environment to be a determinant of PA behavior for both, males and females, in a similar way. Creating a new infrastructure for walking, cycling, and public transportation showed a positive effect on PA behavior. Findings were most consistent for the availability of public transport, which was positively associated with overall PA and walking. The improvement of walking and cycling infrastructure had no effect on the overall level of PA, but it attracted more users and had a positive effect on active transportation. In women, the availability of public transport, safe cycling lanes, housing density, and the distance to daily destinations proved to be more relevant with regard to their PA behavior. In men, street network characteristics and road environment, such as intersection connectivity, local road density, and the presence of dead-end roads, were more important determinants of PA. Conclusion This review sheds light on the relevance of the built environment on PA. By focusing on sex/gender differences, a new aspect was addressed that should be further analyzed in future research and considered by urban planners and other practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Tcymbal
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Yolanda Demetriou
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Kelso
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Wolbring
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wunsch
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hagen Wäsche
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Woll
- Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne K Reimers
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-University University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Gebbertstraße 123b, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Molina-García J, Campos S, García-Massó X, Herrador-Colmenero M, Gálvez-Fernández P, Molina-Soberanes D, Queralt A, Chillón P. Different neighborhood walkability indexes for active commuting to school are necessary for urban and rural children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:124. [PMID: 32993682 PMCID: PMC7526424 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-01028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature focusing on youth has reported limited evidence and non-conclusive associations between neighborhood walkability measures and active commuting to and from school (ACS). Moreover, there is a lack of studies evaluating both macro- and micro-scale environmental factors of the neighborhood when ACS is analyzed. Likewise, most studies on built environment attributes and ACS focus on urban areas, whereas there is a lack of studies analyzing rural residential locations. Moreover, the relationship between built environment attributes and ACS may differ in children and adolescents. Hence, this study aimed to develop walkability indexes in relation to ACS for urban and rural children and adolescents, including both macro- and micro-scale school-neighborhood factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 4593 participants from Spain with a mean age of 12.2 (SD 3.6) years was carried out. Macro-scale environmental factors were evaluated using geographic information system data, and micro-scale factors were measured using observational procedures. Socio-demographic characteristics and ACS were assessed with a questionnaire. Several linear regression models were conducted, including all the possible combinations of six or less built environment factors in order to find the best walkability index. RESULTS Analyses showed that intersection density, number of four-way intersections, and residential density were positively related to ACS in urban participants, but negatively in rural participants. In rural children, positive streetscape characteristics, number of regulated crossings, traffic calming features, traffic lanes, and parking street buffers were also negatively related to ACS. In urban participants, other different factors were positively related to ACS: number of regulated crossings, positive streetscape characteristics, or crossing quality. Land use mix acted as a positive predictor only in urban adolescents. Distance to the school was a negative predictor on all the walkability indexes. However, aesthetic and social characteristics were not included in any of the indexes. CONCLUSIONS Interventions focusing on improving built environments to increase ACS behavior need to have a better understanding of the walkability components that are specifically relevant to urban or rural samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Molina-García
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Sergio Campos
- Department of Urban and Spatial Planning, University of Granada, C/ Severo Ochoa, s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Xavier García-Massó
- Department of Teaching of Musical, Visual and Corporal Expression, University of Valencia, Avda. dels Tarongers, 4, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Herrador-Colmenero
- "La Inmaculada" Teacher Training Centre, University of Granada, C/ Joaquina Eguaras, 114, 18013, Granada, Spain
| | - Patricia Gálvez-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, PROFITH "Promoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Ctra. Alfacar, s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain
| | - Daniel Molina-Soberanes
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avda. de la Investigación, 11, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Queralt
- AFIPS research group, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Nursing, University of Valencia, Jaume Roig, s/n, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Palma Chillón
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, PROFITH "Promoting FITness and Health through physical activity" research group, Ctra. Alfacar, s/n, 18011, Granada, Spain
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Pasqua LA, Damasceno MV, Cruz R, Matsuda M, Martins MAG, Marquezini MV, Lima-Silva AE, Saldiva PHN, Bertuzzi R. Exercising in the urban center: Inflammatory and cardiovascular effects of prolonged exercise under air pollution. Chemosphere 2020; 254:126817. [PMID: 32339794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate, in a well-controlled experimental environment, whether air pollution from an urban center would affect inflammatory and cardiorespiratory responses during prolonged moderate exercise (i.e., 90 min). Ten healthy men performed two experimental trials under filtered and polluted air, inside an environmental chamber located in Sao Paulo downtown, Brazil. Blood samples were obtained at rest, 30, 60, and 90 min of the exercise to determine the serum cytokines concentration, while arterial pressure was recorded immediately after the exercise. The serum cytokines were not altered until 60 min of exercise for both conditions (P > 0.05). Otherwise, at 90 min of exercise, the IL-6 (P = 0.047) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P = 0.026) were significantly higher and IL-10 tended to decrease (P = 0.061) in polluted air condition compared to filtered air condition. In addition, both systolic (P = 0.031) and diastolic (P = 0.009) arterial pressure were higher in polluted air condition than filtered air condition. These findings demonstrate that the exercise of longer duration (i.e., 90 min), but not of shorter duration (i.e., <60 min), performed in vehicular air pollution condition results in pronounced pro-inflammatory and increased arterial pressure responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo A Pasqua
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Brazil.
| | - Mayara V Damasceno
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; CESMAC University Center, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Ramon Cruz
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Matsuda
- Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A G Martins
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mônica V Marquezini
- Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Pro-Sangue Foundation, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano E Lima-Silva
- Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education (DAEFI), Technological Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Paulo H N Saldiva
- Laboratory of Investigation in Ophthalmology (LIM-33), Division of Ophthalmology, University of São Paulo Faculty of Medicine, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Sarkar S, Berry MD. Involvement of Organic Cation Transporter 2 and a Na +-dependent active transporter in p-tyramine transport across Caco-2 intestinal cells. Life Sci 2020; 253:117696. [PMID: 32334013 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We have previously demonstrated that p-tyramine (TYR), an endogenous trace amine-associated receptor 1 agonist, passage across neuronal membranes involves a transporter exhibiting the pharmacological profile of Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2). Since TYR is also a constituent of foodstuffs and produced by the intestinal microbiota, here we have investigated whether similar processes are involved in the passage of 100 nM TYR across apical and basolateral membranes of the Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cell line. MATERIALS AND METHODS [3H]TYR transport across apical and basolateral membranes of Caco-2 cell monolayers was measured in the presence of inhibitors of TYR metabolizing enzymes. Cellular, apical, and basolateral compartments were collected at various timepoints, TYR concentrations calculated, and transport properties pharmacologically characterized. KEY FINDINGS Apical transport resulted in equimolar accumulation of TYR within cells. Pentamidine (OCT1/OCT2 inhibitor) decreased apical transport (P = 0.001) while atropine (OCT1 inhibitor) had no effect, suggesting apical transport involved OCT2. In contrast, basolateral transport resulted in 500-1000 nM cellular concentrations (P < 0.0001) indicating the presence of an active transporter. Replacement of Na+ on an equimolar basis with choline resulted in loss of TYR transport (P = 0.017). Unexpectedly, this active transport was also atropine-sensitive (P = 0.020). Kinetic analysis of the active transporter revealed Vmax = 43.0 nM/s with a Kt = 33.1 nM. SIGNIFICANCE We have demonstrated for the first time that TYR is transported across Caco-2 apical membranes via facilitated diffusion by OCT2, whereas transport across basolateral membranes is by a Na+-dependent, atropine-sensitive, active transporter.
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Bertrand L, Dawkins L, Jayaratne R, Morawska L. How to choose healthier urban biking routes: CO as a proxy of traffic pollution. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04195. [PMID: 32577569 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) air pollution in urban areas, mainly associated with inhalation of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter emitted from motor vehicles, is responsible for one million deaths per year. Carbon monoxide (CO) from the incomplete combustion of fuel is known to bind with hemoglobin, decreasing the blood oxygen-delivery and inducing tissues hypoxia; being more pronounced under conditions of stress like physical activity. The present study demonstrates the usefulness of a compact CO sensor (Alphasense CO-B4) mounted on a bicycle to evaluate atmospheric levels of CO associated with urban microenvironments within a growing Australian city (Brisbane). Urban bike pathways show pronounced and significant variations in air quality according to the surrounding microenvironment and the time of day. The inhaled dose in real time and the CO total dose over each trip were valuable for estimating the air quality of the route, and identifed how the health benefits of riding a bicycle could be partially offset by poor air quality depending on where and when a cycle route is taken in the inner-city. Finally, environmental conditions, such as wind speed, were found to significantly affected atmospheric CO concentrations, at least during the study period. The present work provides information regarding commuters' exposure to atmospheric pollutants, necessary for modifying the population's (including cyclists) perception of pollution in the urban environment, providing people with the opportunity to choose a healthier route.
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