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Gao M, Ling N, Tian H, Guo C, Wang Q. Toxicity, physiological response, and biosorption mechanism of Dunaliella salina to copper, lead, and cadmium. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1374275. [PMID: 38605709 PMCID: PMC11007151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1374275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Heavy metal pollution has become a global problem, which urgently needed to be solved owing to its severe threat to water ecosystems and human health. Thus, the exploration and development of a simple, cost-effective and environmental-friendly technique to remove metal elements from contaminated water is of great importance. Algae are a kind of photosynthetic autotroph and exhibit excellent bioadsorption capacities, making them suitable for wastewater treatment. Methods The effects of heavy metals (copper, lead and cadmium) on the growth, biomolecules accumulation, metabolic responses and antioxidant response of Dunaliella salina were investigated. Moreover, the Box-Behnken design (BBD) in response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the biosorption capacity, and FT-IR was performed to explore the biosorption mechanism of D. salina on multiple heavy metals. Results The growth of D. salina cells was significantly inhibited and the contents of intracellular photosynthetic pigments, polysaccharides and proteins were obviously reduced under different concentrations of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+, and the EC50 values were 18.14 mg/L, 160.37 mg/L and 3.32 mg/L at 72 h, respectively. Besides, the activities of antioxidant enzyme SOD and CAT in D. salina first increased, and then descended with increasing concentration of three metal ions, while MDA contents elevated continuously. Moreover, D. salina exhibited an excellent removal efficacy on three heavy metals. BBD assay revealed that the maximal removal rates for Cu2+, Pb2+, and Cd2+ were 88.9%, 87.2% and 72.9%, respectively under optimal adsorption conditions of pH 5-6, temperature 20-30°C, and adsorption time 6 h. Both surface biosorption and intracellular bioaccumulation mechanisms are involved in metal ions removal of D. salina. FT-IR spectrum exhibited the main functional groups including carboxyl (-COOH), hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH2), phosphate (-P=O) and sulfate (-S=O) are closely associated with the biosorption or removal of heavy metalsions. Discussion Attributing to the brilliant biosorption capacity, Dunaliella salina may be developed to be an excellent adsorbent for heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Gao
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Na Ling
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Haiyan Tian
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Chunqiu Guo
- Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Antitumor Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin, China
| | - Qiyao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Liu ZW, Zhang LS, Feng XY, He ZX, Sun Y, Tao XY, Yin Q, Yang LM, Zhou RJ, He XQ, Jia L, Cao DJ. Near-infrared spectroscopy bioprobe estimation of metabolites' responses to Pb 2+ in Cladophora rupestris. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123544. [PMID: 37918092 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used as a bioprobe to estimation chlorophyll, total sugar, proline, and metallothionein (MT) response to Pb2+ (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20 mg/l) in Cladophora rupestris. Spectra between 3775.94 and 12315.19 cm-1 were analysed using a partial least-squares regression (PLS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed by evaluating the distance between the C. rupestris samples treated with different concentrations of Pb2+. Results showed that 4000-7500 cm-1 of raw NIR spectra from C. rupestris was linked to carbohydrates and stretching of N-H, and the O-H overtone was associated with proline and MT. NIR spectroscopy technique coupled with PLS quantitative analysis model has high potential. Multiplicative scatter correction and standard normal variate combining first-order derivative with S-G smoothing filter are superior to the other models. The root mean square error of cross of chlorophyll, total sugar, proline, and MT was 0-1, indicating the accuracy of the model is high. The Rc2 values of chlorophyll, total soluble sugar, proline, and MT between measured and predicted values were higher than 0.99. PCA analysis indicate clear boundaries in the spatial distributions of seven Pb2+ concentrations, indicating that NIR spectroscopy has high potential as a tool assisting bioprobes for estimating metabolites' responses to Pb2+ in Cladophora rupestris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Wen Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China; School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University Chizhou 247000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Sheng Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Feng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Xue He
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Min Yang
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University Chizhou 247000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jie Zhou
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University Chizhou 247000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing He
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University Chizhou 247000, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jia
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University Chizhou 247000, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ju Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang LS, Feng XY, Qiu CF, Li LS, Sun Y, Tao XY, Li XY, Liu ZW, Cao DJ. The remediation potential and kinetics of Pb 2+ adsorbed by the organic frameworks of Cladophora rupestris. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13609-13621. [PMID: 38253838 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32029-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Cladophora rupestris is ubiquitous in many kinds of waterbodies, and C. rupestris biomass can serve as a carrier for adsorbing and transferring heavy metals. Batch experiments and characterization were performed. Results showed that the organic frameworks of C. rupestris (CROF) had a specific surface area of 2.58 m2/g and an external surface area of 2.06 m2/g. Many mesopores were present in CROF, mainly distributed in 2.5-7.5 nm. The zeta potentials were within the range of - 4.46 to - 13.98 mV in the tested pH of 2.0-9.0. CROF could effectively adsorb Pb2+ in large pH range. The maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of Pb2+ on CROF was 15.02 mg/g, and 97% of Pb2+ was adsorbed onto CROF after 25 min. CROF had a preferential adsorption of Pb2+. The protein secondary structures and carbon skeletons of CROF all worked in adsorption. The main Pb2+ adsorption mechanisms were pore filling, electrostatic attraction, Pb-π interaction, and surface complexation. Therefore, it is valuable as a biosorbent for the removal of Pb2+ from waterbodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Sheng Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yu Feng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Fa Qiu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Sheng Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Wen Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University, Chizhou, 247000, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ju Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
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Çelekli A, Alkan E. Effect of lead ions on biochemical behavior of Cladophora glomerata in sterilized and non-sterilized media. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:77-87. [PMID: 37479817 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater ecosystems are under peril globally due to anthropogenic influences, most notably metals. The present study aimed to evaluate the morphological and biochemical responses of Cladophora glomerata obtained from a freshwater stream to various lead concentrations (0.0, 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 mg/L Pb2+) in sterilized and non-sterilized media. Pigments, proline, malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolic compounds (TPC), hydrogen peroxide, and protein content of the green alga were determined in response to various growing conditions. Pb2+ stress had a detrimental effect not only on biochemical components of C. glomerata but also on the algal cell's shape and surface structure. High Pb2+ concentrations significantly decreased chlorophyll-a (from 1350 μg/g in non-sterilized and 1340 μg/g in sterilized media for the control group to 1067 μg/g in non-sterilized and 1049 μg/g in sterile media at 60 mg/L Pb2+) and protein contents (from 34.47 mg/g for the sterilized and 35.89 mg/g for non-sterilized of the control to 24.82 mg/g for the sterilized and 26.18 mg/g for the non-sterilized at 60 mg/L Pb2+) of algal biomass but increased the concentrations of stress compounds (e.g., MDA, proline, and TPC). Variation in the macroalgal biomass composition was also indicated by FTIR analysis based on interactions between amino, amide, and anionic surface groups on the algal biomass and Pb2+ ions. Morphological and biochemical responses of C. glomerata reveal that non-sterile conditions encouraged the proliferation of this macroalga under Pb2+ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abuzer Çelekli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Elif Alkan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Gaziantep University, 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
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Jiang X, Shan X, Li F. Improving the Quality of Reclaimed Water via Applying Spirulina platensis to Eliminate Residual Nitrate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2117. [PMID: 36767484 PMCID: PMC9916132 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The application of reclaimed water has been recognized as the key approach for alleviating water scarcity, while its low quality, such as high nitrogen content, still makes people worry about the corresponding ecological risk. Herein, we investigated the feasibility of removing residual nitrate from reclaimed water by applying Spirulina platensis. It is found that 15 mg/L total nitrogen could be decreased to 1.8 mg/L in 5 days, equaling 88.1 % removal efficiency under the optimized conditions. The deficient phosphorus at 0.5-1.0 mg/L was rapidly eliminated but was already sufficient to support nitrate removal by S. platensis. The produced ammonia is generally below 0.2 mg/L, which is much lower than the standard limit of 5 mg/L. In such a nutrient deficiency condition, S. platensis could maintain biomass growth well via photosynthesis. The variation of pigments, including chlorophyll a and carotenoids, suggested a certain degree of influences of illumination intensity and phosphorus starvation on microalgae. The background cations Cu2+ and Zn2+ exhibited significant inhibition on biomass growth and nitrate removal; thus, more attention needs to be paid to the further application of microalgae in reclaimed water. Our results demonstrated that cultivation of S. platensis should be a very promising solution to improve the quality of reclaimed water by efficiently removing nitrate and producing biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xin Shan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Fengmin Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
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Identification of a Green Algal Strain Collected from the Sarno River Mouth (Gulf of Naples, Italy) and Its Exploitation for Heavy Metal Remediation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122445. [PMID: 36557698 PMCID: PMC9781626 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) can induce both chronic and acute harmful effects on marine and freshwater biota. The environmental impact of HMs in freshwater, seawater, soil, and wastewater can be limited using microbes, including microalgae, that are able to remove metals from environmental matrices. Indeed, they can passively adsorb and actively accumulate these persistent pollutants within their organelles, limiting their detrimental effects on cellular metabolism. The Sarno River is a 30 km long freshwater stream located in Southern Italy, polluted by partially untreated municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastewaters. In spite of this, microalgal cultures from Sarno River or Sarno River Mouth have never been established. In the present study, we isolated a green algal strain from the Sarno River Mouth and determined its ability to grow in polluted seawater containing different concentrations of cadmium, lead, or zinc. This strain was found to be able to accumulate these elements within its biomass in a dose-dependent manner. Growth inhibition experiments confirm the relatively low toxicity of Cd and Pb below 50 µM, while algal growth was seriously affected in Zn-amended media. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study focused on the ability of microalgae from Sarno River Mouth to tolerate and uptake HMs.
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Landi S, Santini G, Vitale E, Di Natale G, Maisto G, Arena C, Esposito S. Photosynthetic, Molecular and Ultrastructural Characterization of Toxic Effects of Zinc in Caulerpa racemosa Indicate Promising Bioremediation Potentiality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2868. [PMID: 36365321 PMCID: PMC9653827 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Caulerpaceae are unconventional green algae composed of multinucleated, single siphonous cells. The species of Caulerpa are acquiring major scientific interest for both their invasion in the Mediterranean ecological niche and for the production of valuable natural metabolites. Furthermore, the abilities of Caulerpa spp. in the biorecovery of polluted waters were recently investigated. Among heavy metal contaminants in marine systems, zinc (Zn) is considered a critical pollutant, progressively accumulating from plastic leachates. In this study, the responses of Caulerpa racemosa to different levels (5-10 mg L-1) of Zn were studied for 14 days under laboratory-controlled conditions. Effects of Zn were monitored by measuring the growth rate, photosynthetic efficiency and gene expression. Moreover, the ability of Caulerpa to remove Zn from seawater was monitored. Zn induced detrimental effects by decreasing the relative growth rate (RGR) and maximal PSII photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm). Moreover, C. racemosa, grown in contaminated seawater, reduced the levels of Zn to a final concentration of 1.026 and 1.932 mg L-1 after 14 days, thus demonstrating efficient uptake. Therefore, our results characterized the effects of zinc on C. racemosa and the possible role of this alga as being effective in the bioremediation of marine seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Landi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giorgia Santini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ermenegilda Vitale
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Natale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giulia Maisto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Carmen Arena
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Esposito
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cinthia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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Liu L, Zhang L, Zhao L, Chen Q, Zhang Q, Cao D, Liu Z. Differential Gene Expression and Metabolic Pathway Analysis of Cladophora rupestris under Pb Stress Conditions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13910. [PMID: 36360789 PMCID: PMC9656615 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the transcriptome of C. rupestris under Pb2+ stress by using high-throughput sequencing technology, observe the changes of gene expression and metabolic pathway after three and five days under 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L of Pb2+ treatment, and analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and related functional genes after Pb2+ treatment. Metabolic pathways were revealed through Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. Results show that DEGs increased significantly with the increase of Pb2+ concentration and stress time. A total of 32 genes were closely related to Pb2+ stress response. GO analysis identified two major transporter proteins, namely, ATP-binding transport protein-related (ABC transporters) and zinc finger CCHC domain containing protein (Zfp) in C. rupestris. Pthr19248, pthr19211, Zfp pthr23002, Zfp p48znf pthr12681, Zfp 294 pthr12389, and Zfp pthr23067 played important roles against Pb2+ toxicity and its absorption in C. rupestris. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that ABCA1, ATM, and ABCD3 were closely related to Pb2+ absorption. Pb2+ stress was mainly involved in metallothionein (MT), plant hormone signal transduction, ABC transporters, and glutathione (GSH) metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lusheng Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lingyun Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qiuyu Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Deju Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chizhou University, Chizhou 247000, China
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Chen QY, Yang L, Liu L, Li XX, Li HD, Zhang Q, Cao DJ. XPS and NMR analyze the combined forms of Pb in Cladophora rupestris subcells and its detoxification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:57490-57501. [PMID: 35353313 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the combined forms of Pb in Cladophora rupestris (L.) (C. rupestris) were investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), different Pb concentrations (0, 0.5, and 5.0 mg/L), and C. rupestris subcells were explored. Results showed that combined forms of Pb mainly account for Pb-polysaccharides (Pb-OH of carbohydrates) in the cell wall, Pb-protein (Pb-N= and (C-N-)2Pb) in the organelle, and Pb-organic acid (Pb-sulfates, (CO)2-Pb and (COO)2-Pb) in the soluble fraction. Pb-S-containing group (Pb-C-S) could formed in subcelluar when C. rupestris was subjected to high Pb stress. Meanwhile, Pb2+ could penetrate the C. rupestris cells via the formed chelate between GSH/MT and -OH functional groups. Results could help understand the role of subcellular fraction in the algae remediation and detoxification to heavy metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yu Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Xuan Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Dong Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ju Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
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Li X, Yang C, Lin Y, Hu T, Zeng G. Effects of oxytetracycline and zinc ion on nutrient removal and biomass production via microalgal culturing in anaerobic digester effluent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126667. [PMID: 34990858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Removal of nutrients from swine wastewater digester effluent (SWDE) by microalgae Coelastrella sp. and production of Coelastrella sp. were investigated at the presence of oxytetracycline (OTC) and Zn(II). Mechanisms of stress of OTC and Zn(II) on microalgae were discussed via analyzing the removal performance of SWDE and biochemical characteristics of microalgae. Results showed that removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen and biomass yield of microalgae at the presence of 5000 μg/L of OTC decreased by 13.1% - 50.1% and 28.2% -71.5%, respectively, when Zn concentration was increased from 0.50 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L. The presence of 5.0 mg/L Zn(II) promoted the accumulation of lipids in microalgae, and the presence of 50 μg/L OTC increased unsaturation of fatty acid methyl ester. Content of glutathione and activity of both glutamine synthetase and superoxide dismutase decreased with the increase of OTC concentration, while content of adenosine triphosphatase increased when Zn(II) concentration was also increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, PR China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, PR China; Hunan Provincial Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Organic Pollution Control of Urban Water and Wastewater, Changsha, Hunan 410001, PR China; Maoming Engineering Research Center for Organic Pollution Control, Academy of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong 525000, PR China.
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
| | - Tianjue Hu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, Hunan 410082, PR China
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Schröder L, Hellweger F, Putschew A. Copper leaching from recreational vessel antifouling paints in freshwater: A Berlin case study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113895. [PMID: 34634724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper leached from recreational vessel antifouling paints can pose a threat to aquatic organisms. To date, leaching rates have mainly been studied in seawater and brackish water. The aim of this study was to investigate the copper input from antifouling paints to freshwater using field and laboratory studies. Therefore, a large sailing area in Berlin was sampled. According to a risk assessment, the use of copper containing antifouling paints in Berlins is predicted to have no significant impact on aquatic organisms. An exception was found in sport boat marinas where, in dependence on the boat number, the sediment copper concentrations were up to 2 times higher than the German environmental quality standard for sediments. The most important result revealed by the laboratory batch tests is that the copper leaching rate in freshwater is much lower compared to seawater and brackish water. The dissolution of copper from antifouling paints into freshwater is overestimated up to now. Nevertheless, the leached copper from antifouling paints is the second largest anthropogenic copper source in the urban area of Berlin and the third largest anthropogenic copper source in German freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Schröder
- TU Berlin, Institute of Environmental Technology, Chair Water Quality Engineering, Strasse des 17, Juni 135, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Hellweger
- TU Berlin, Institute of Environmental Technology, Chair Water Quality Engineering, Strasse des 17, Juni 135, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Anke Putschew
- TU Berlin, Institute of Environmental Technology, Chair Water Quality Engineering, Strasse des 17, Juni 135, Berlin, 10623, Germany.
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Ling N, Li W, Xu G, Qi Z, Ji C, Liu X, Cui D, Sun Y. Transcriptomic sequencing reveals the response of Dunaliella salina to copper stress via the increased photosynthesis and carbon mechanism. Mol Omics 2021; 17:769-782. [PMID: 34254634 DOI: 10.1039/d1mo00125f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is one of the essential microelements for plants and algae. It can stimulate growth and photosynthesis at low concentration but inhibit them at higher concentration. The knowledge of molecular response mechanisms to copper stress in green algae is still limited. The responses of the green algae Dunaliella salina to Cu stress were studied using the physiochemical indexes and RNA-seq analysis. The physiochemical indexes such as growth rate, the content of chlorophyll and soluble sugar, photosynthesis and peroxidase activity were all changed in D. salina under Cu stress. In addition, a total of 3799 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the control and Cu-treated group. Among these, 2350 unigenes were up-regulated whereas 1449 were down-regulated. Here, the DEGs encoding proteins relevant to photosynthesis, carbon assimilation and carbohydrate mechanism were significantly up-regulated in the Cu-treated group. In addition, the unigenes encoding proteins involved in the antioxidant system and heat shock proteins were also up-regulated, and these were consistent with the expression patterns based on TPM (transcripts per million) values. This study shows that the enhanced growth and photosynthesis and carbon mechanism in D. salina can be triggered by copper, which will lay a firm foundation for future breeding and carotenoid production, further highlighting the underlying application of D. salina as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ling
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China. and Engineering Research Center for Medicines, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Weilu Li
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Guiguo Xu
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Zheng Qi
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China. and Engineering Research Center for Medicines, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Chenfeng Ji
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China. and Engineering Research Center for Medicines, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Xiaorui Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Di Cui
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
| | - Yuan Sun
- Engineering Research Center for Natural Anticancer Drugs, Ministry of Education, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China. and Engineering Research Center for Medicines, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150076, China.
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Chen QY, Yang L, Liu L, Qian LW, Tian KL, Zhang Q, Cao DJ. Combined forms of Pb and its detoxification and absorption in Cladophora rupestris subcells. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119190. [PMID: 33248890 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the combined form, detoxification, and adsorption mechanism of Pb in Cladophora rupestris subcells. The chemical form analysis at different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg/L) indicated that most of the Pb (37%-76%) were integrated with oxalate and undissolved phosphate, which were important to the detoxification of C. rupestris. The characterization of Pb (0, 0.5, and 5.0 mg/L) at the subcellular was conducted via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (3D-EEM), and protein secondary structure fitting. Results revealed that Pb-polysaccharides ((C6H5)-OO-Pb-OH, C-O-Pb, and symmetric Pb-O-Pb), Pb-functional-groups ((C6H5)-COO-Pb and (C6H5)-P = O-Pb), and Pb-protein complexes (OH-C7H6-CN-Pb-COOH, C9H10-NH-CN-C = O-Pb, Pb-S-C, and Pb-S) were formed. The cell wall produced transport proteins, such as metallothionein and glutathione, which bound and helped Pb2+ enter the cell. After entering the soluble fraction, the Pb-organic acid ((C6H5)-COO-Pb, (C6H5)-O-Pb, and (C6H5)-P = O-Pb) and Pb-sulfhydryl compound (Pb-S-C/Pb-S) assumed the most important role in resisting the toxicity of Pb2+. Pb2+ was absorbed in the organelle and formed (C6H5)-C-O-Pb and (C6H5)-P = O-Pb, and complexed with protein (Pb-C-N) when treated with 5.0 mg/L Pb. Results could help understand the role of subcellular fraction in the algal adaptation to stressful heavy metal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yu Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Wen Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang-Ling Tian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ju Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, People's Republic of China.
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Chen QY, Liu L, Yang L, Dong B, Wen YZ, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Cao DJ. Response of sulfhydryl compounds in subcells of Cladophora rupestris under Pb stress. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:13112-13123. [PMID: 33170466 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the role of sulfhydryl compounds in the subcells of C. rupestris under Pb stress. Different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 mg/L) and different exposure days (1, 3, 5, and 7 days) were designed to analyze the subcellular distribution of non-protein thiols (NPT), glutathione (GSH), and phytochelatins (PCs) in C. rupestris. NPT, GSH, and PCs increased significantly with increasing Pb stress in the cell wall and soluble fraction, especially NPT. NPT and GSH slowly increased, and PCs showed no significant difference in the organelle of C. rupestris at low concentrations (< 5.0 mg/L). PCs slightly increased under 5.0 mg/L of Pb stress. PCs/NPT gradually increased with Pb stress at a low Pb concentration. GSH detoxification response lagged behind those of NPT and PCs in response to time. PCs/NPT initially increased and then decreased with Pb stress duration. This study suggested that NPT, GSH, and PCs played an important role in the detoxification of the cell wall and the soluble fraction of C. rupestris under Pb stress. PCs were important in the organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yu Chen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Dong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zheng Wen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ju Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Rodgher S, Contador TM, Rocha GS, Espindola ELG. Effect of phosphorus on the toxicity of zinc to the microalga Raphidocelis subcapitata. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20190050. [PMID: 33174910 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020190050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P) on the toxicity of zinc (Zn) for the alga Raphidocelis subcapitata. P was provided in three concentrations: 2.3 x 10-4 mol L-1, 2.3 x 10-6 mol L-1 and 1.0 x 10-6 mol L-1. Algal cells were acclimated to the specific P concentrations before the start of the experiment. The chemical equilibrium software MINEQL+ 4.61 was employed to calculate the Zn2+ concentration. After acclimated, the algal cells were inoculated into media containing different Zn concentrations (0.09 x 10-6 mol L-1 to 9.08 x 10-6 mol L-1). The study showed that besides the reduction in algal growth rates, phosphorus had an important influence on the toxicity of zinc for microalga. The inhibitory Zn2+ concentration values for R. subcapitata were 2.74 x 10-6 mol L-1, 0.58 x 10-6 mol L-1 and 0.24 x 10-6 mol L-1 for the microalgae acclimated at P concentrations of 2.3 x 10-4 mol L-1, 2.3 x 10-6 mol L-1 and 1.0 x 10-6 mol L-1, respectively. Ecotoxicological studies should consider the interaction between metal concentrations and varying P values to provide realistic data of what occurs in phytoplankton communities in environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzelei Rodgher
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (UNESP/SJC), Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500, 12247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais M Contador
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia (UNESP/SJC), Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental, Parque Tecnológico de São José dos Campos, Estrada Dr. Altino Bondensan, 500, 12247-016 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Giseli S Rocha
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Evaldo L G Espindola
- Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Avenida Trabalhador São Carlense, 400, 13566-590 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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16
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Huang Y, Li Y, Ji D, Nwankwegu AS, Lai Q, Yang Z, Wang K, Wei J, Norgbey E. Study on nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth in Xiangxi Bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 723:138062. [PMID: 32217395 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), algal blooms in the sidearm tributaries have resulted from increasing nutrient loads along the major tributaries. Field sampling and in situ nutrient addition bioassay were implemented to examine the nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth and bloom initiation during autumn in Xiangxi Bay of the TGR. Result shows that P is the primary limiting nutrient for algal growth and bloom in Xiangxi Bay during autumn. The treatment involving the combination of N, P and Si had a significant (p < .05) additional effect on the growth of phytoplankton. The N, P, Si combined treatment increased growth by 10-50% relative to the N and P treatments from day 1 to day 4, respectively. Trace metal additions involving Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cu and/or in combination with N, P, and Si initially resulted in an extremely low growth rate which later increased significantly (p < .05) towards the end of the study. The present study provides an insight into the responses of different phytoplankton taxa in autumn under nutrient conditions in the tributary bay. The nutrient limitation study is recognized as the first step to mitigating the bloom while proposing an effective nutrient control strategy. The outcome of which can provide the basis for formulating sustainable watershed management. Multiple nutrients reductions with P as primary concern are required for a lasting management solution to the risk of bloom in the TGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Yiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Daobin Ji
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Amechi S Nwankwegu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Qiuying Lai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zhengjian Yang
- College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Eyram Norgbey
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi R, Malekabadi MB, Rahimi R, Johari SA. Aquatic pollution caused by mercury, lead, and cadmium affects cell growth and pigment content of marine microalga, Nannochloropsis oculata. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:330. [PMID: 32372388 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-8222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the acute (72 h) and sub-acute (14 days) toxicity of mercury, lead, and cadmium to the green microalga, Nannochloropsis oculata. The acute toxicity testing was conducted according to the modified OECD guideline (No. 201). The 72-h IC50 values of Hg, Pb, and Cd exposed to N. oculata were 0.87, 1.81, and 4.97 mg/L, respectively. These results showed that mercury is about twice as toxic as lead and about 5.7 times more toxic than cadmium to this marine microalga. Lead is about 2.7 times more toxic than cadmium. The chlorophyll a content of the microalga decreased in the 10th and 14th days of the sub-acute toxicity test. Although the carotenoid content increased following exposure to the low levels of tested heavy metals (which may show the protective role of carotenoids against oxidative stress), with increased exposure time the total carotenoid reduced compared to control. A regular monitoring program to examine the level of metals in the aquatic ecosystem for protecting microalgae should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasool Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Science, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 11, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | | | - Ruhollah Rahimi
- Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Science, Shahrekord University, P.O. Box 11, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Johari
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
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19
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Loustau E, Ferriol J, Koteiche S, Gerlin L, Leflaive J, Moulin F, Girbal-Neuhauser E, Rols JL. Physiological responses of three mono-species phototrophic biofilms exposed to copper and zinc. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:35107-35120. [PMID: 31679142 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06560-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In freshwater ecosystem, phototrophic biofilms play a crucial role through adsorption and sequestration of organic and inorganic pollutants. However, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion by phototrophic biofilms exposed to metals is poorly documented. This work evaluated the physiological responses of phototrophic biofilms by exposing three microorganisms (cyanobacterium Phormidium autumnale, diatom Nitzschia palea and green alga Uronema confervicolum) to 20 and 200 μg L-1 of Cu or 60 and 600 μg L-1 of Zn, both individually and in combination. Analysis of metal effects on algal biomass and photosynthetic efficiency showed that metals were toxic at higher concentrations for these two parameters together and that all the strains were more sensitive to Cu than to Zn. U. confervicolum was the most impacted in terms of growth, while P. autumnale was the most impacted in terms of photosynthetic efficiency. In consequence to metal exposure at higher concentrations (Cu200, Zn600 and Cu200Zn600), a higher EPS production was measured in diatom and cyanobacterium biofilms, essentially caused by an overproduction of protein-like polymers. On the other hand, the amount of secreted polysaccharides decreased during metal exposure of the diatom and green alga biofilms. Size exclusion chromatography revealed specific EPS molecular fingerprints in P. autumnale and N. palea biofilms that have secreted different protein-like polymers during their development in the presence of Zn600. These proteins were not detected in the presence of Cu200 despite an increase of proteins in the EPS extracts compared to the control. These results highlight interesting divergent responses between the three mono-species biofilms and suggest that increasing protein production in EPS biofilms may be a fingerprint of natural biofilm against metal pollutants in freshwater rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Loustau
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- LBAE, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Auch, France
| | - Jessica Ferriol
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Shams Koteiche
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Léo Gerlin
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Frédéric Moulin
- IMFT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Rols
- EcoLab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Buayam N, Davey MP, Smith AG, Pumas C. Effects of Copper and pH on the Growth and Physiology of Desmodesmus sp. AARLG074. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9050084. [PMID: 31052259 PMCID: PMC6572535 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9050084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal that is widely used in industry and as such wastewater from mining or industrial operations can contain high levels of Cu. Some aquatic algal species can tolerate and bioaccumulate Cu and so could play a key role in bioremediating and recovering Cu from polluted waterways. One such species is the green alga Desmodesmus sp. AARLG074. The aim of this study was to determine how Desmodesmus is able to tolerate large alterations in its external Cu and pH environment. Specifically, we set out to measure the variations in the Cu removal efficiency, growth, ultrastructure, and cellular metabolite content in the algal cells that are associated with Cu exposure and acidity. The results showed that Desmodesmus could remove up to 80% of the copper presented in Jaworski’s medium after 30 min exposure. There was a decrease in the ability of Cu removal at pH 4 compared to pH 6 indicating both pH and Cu concentration affected the efficiency of Cu removal. Furthermore, Cu had an adverse effect on algal growth and caused ultrastructural changes. Metabolite fingerprinting (FT-IR and GC-MS) revealed that the polysaccharide and amino acid content were the main metabolites affected under acid and Cu exposure. Fructose, lactose and sorbose contents significantly decreased under both acidic and Cu conditions, whilst glycerol and melezitose contents significantly increased at pH 4. The pathway analysis showed that pH had the highest impact score on alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism whereas Cu had the highest impact on arginine and proline metabolism. Notably both Cu and pH had impact on glutathione and galactose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattaphorn Buayam
- Master's Degree Program in Applied Microbiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Matthew P Davey
- Plant Metabolism Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
| | - Alison G Smith
- Plant Metabolism Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
| | - Chayakorn Pumas
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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22
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Zhang H, Meng G, Mao F, Li W, He Y, Gin KYH, Ong CN. Use of an integrated metabolomics platform for mechanistic investigations of three commonly used algaecides on cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 367:120-127. [PMID: 30594710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Algal blooms are a global environmental and public health problem. Copper Sulfate (CuSO4), Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and Sodium Carbonate Peroxide (SCP) are commonly used algaecides for algal bloom control. However, their efficacy and mechanisms of interaction with algae have not been well studied. This study aimed to compare their capability, and concurrently elucidate the metabolic responses of a common cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa. Algal responses were measured by cell density, chlorophyll a, toxin release and an integrated GC- and LC- Mass Spectrometry-Time of Flight metabolomics platform. CuSO4 was observed to kill the algae cells rapidly at relative low concentration, compared with the other two algaecides. However, it led to severe secondary contamination, with substantial release of various microcystins. Metabolomics data showed that a total of 32 metabolites were significantly changed compared with the controls. Most of the metabolites identified in CuSO4 treated algae were significantly reduced, whereas metabolites in algae treated with H2O2 and SCP were found to increase, and were of similar types. Although most of the metabolites identified for the three algaecides are associated to oxidative stress, the pathways affected appear to be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Ge Meng
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore
| | - Feijian Mao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Wenxi Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 1 Engineering Drive 2, 117576, Singapore.
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 117411, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 117549, Singapore.
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Zhang HM, Geng G, Wang JJ, Xin Y, Zhang Q, Cao DJ, Ma YH. The remediation potential and kinetics of cadmium in the green alga Cladophora rupestris. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:775-783. [PMID: 30415361 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3661-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the subcellular distribution, chemical forms, and effects of metal homeostasis of excess Cd in Cladophora rupestris. Biosorption data were analyzed with Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models and kinetic equations. Results showed that C. rupestris can accumulate Cd. Cd mainly localized in the cell wall and debris (42.8-68.2%) of C. rupestris, followed by the soluble fraction (22.1-38.4%) observed in C. rupestris. A large quantity of Cd ions existed as insoluble CdHPO4 complexed with organic acids, Cd(H2PO4)2, Cd-phosphate complexes (FHAC) (43.2-56.0%), and pectate and protein-integrated Cd (FNaCl) (30.8-43.2%). The adsorption data were well fitted by the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.933) and could be described by the pseudo-second-order reaction rate (R2 = 0.997) and Elovich (R2 = 0.972) equations. Related parameters indicated that Cd adsorption by C. rupestris is a heterogeneous diffusion. Cd promoted Ca and Zn uptake by C. rupestris. Cu, Fe, Mn, and Mg adsorption was promoted by low Cd concentrations and inhibited by high Cd concentrations. Results suggested that cell wall sequestration, vacuolar compartmentalization, and chemical morphological transformation are important mechanisms of Cd stress tolerance by C. rupestris. This study suggests that C. rupestris has bioremediation potential of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Geng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Jie Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Ju Cao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China.
| | - You-Hua Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention, School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
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Fan G, Zhou J, Zheng X, Chen W. Growth Inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa by Copper-based MOFs: Performance and Physiological Effect on Algal Cells. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gongduan Fan
- College of Civil Engineering; Fuzhou University; 350116 Fujian China
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering; University of Arizona; 1133 E James E Rogers Way, Harshbarger 108 Tucson AZ 85721-0011 USA
| | - Jinjin Zhou
- College of Civil Engineering; Fuzhou University; 350116 Fujian China
| | - Xiaomei Zheng
- College of Civil Engineering; Fuzhou University; 350116 Fujian China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering; Fuzhou University; 350116 Fujian China
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Cao DJ, Yang X, Geng G, Wan XC, Ma RX, Zhang Q, Liang YG. Absorption and subcellular distribution of cadmium in tea plant (Camellia sinensis cv. "Shuchazao"). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15357-15367. [PMID: 29564701 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1671-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A hydroponic experiment was performed to investigate the Cd absorption and subcellular distribution in tea plant, Camellia sinensis. Increased Cd accumulation potential was observed in the tea plant in a Cd-enriched environment, but most of the Cd was absorbed by the roots of C. sinensis. The Cd in all the root fractions was mostly distributed in the soluble fraction, followed by the cell wall fraction. By contrast, the Cd was least distributed in the organelle fraction. The adsorption of Cd onto the C. sinensis roots was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model than the Freundlich isotherm. Most of the Cd (38.6 to 59.4%) was integrated with pectates and proteins in the roots and leaves. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed that small molecular organic substances, such as amino acids, organic acids, and carbohydrates with N-H, C=O, C-N, and O-H functional groups in the roots, bonded with Cd(II). The Cd accumulation in the C. sinensis leaves occurred in the cell wall and organelle fractions. C. sinensis has great capability to transport Cd, thereby indicating pollution risk. The metal homeostasis of Fe, Mn, Ca, and Mg in C. sinensis was affected when the Cd concentration was 1.0-15.0 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ju Cao
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Yang
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Geng
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Chun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Ru-Xiao Ma
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Gan Liang
- School of Resource and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, People's Republic of China
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The Role of Planktonic Algae in the Ecological Assessment of Storage-Reservoirs of the ILI-Balkhash Basin. TRANSYLVANIAN REVIEW OF SYSTEMATICAL AND ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/trser-2018-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The largest wastewater treatment systems include Sorbulak and Kurty reservoirs, and the small storage ponds were studied in the summer of 2017 and characterized mainly by organic pollution. Phytoplankton communities were represented by species tolerant of organic and toxic pollution. Cyanobacteria dominated in the reservoirs, and dinophyte algae were only in the Kurty Reservoir. According to the results of CCA analysis, only Cr and certain nutrients had a significant effect on the abundance of algae. A statistically positive significant association between the Shannon index and the average algal cell mass was established. The results obtained are a particular example reflecting the non-linearity of changes in plankton communities in the gradient of nutrient loading and eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems.
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Zhu J, He Y, Wang J, Qiao Z, Wang Y, Li Z, Huang M. Impact of aeration disturbances on endogenous phosphorus fractions and their algae growth potential from malodorous river sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8062-8070. [PMID: 28138882 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-8471-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present work assessed the impact of aeration disturbances on sediment-bound phosphorus fractions and their algae growth potential from a typical malodorous river. Phosphorus was sequentially extracted by a modified version of Hedley fractionation method. It was found that the mean contents of TP was 1476.1 ± 60.3 mg/kg, consisting mainly of dilute HCl-extractable P (52.6%) and NaOH-P (19.2%). The algae growth potential tests demonstrated that algae growth had varied P-level requirements for different P speciation and NaOH-P promoted algae growth remarkably and its promoting effect was positively related to its concentration. Additionally, intermittent overlying water aeration modes were recommended, and run 1 (7.0 mg/L, 12 h) was deemed as the optimized aerated mode in terms of its relatively low ecological risk and high P retention. It was noted that NaOH-P was most affected by aeration disturbance and exhibited marked increase with the elevated dissolved oxygen (DO) level whether for intermittent overlying water or sediment aeration. This research helps to gain improved understanding of the ecological risk on sediment P, and NaOH-P is recognized as one ecologically important P fraction in the sediments considering its relatively high proportion and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhaochao Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Minsheng Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Çelekli A, Arslanargun H, Soysal Ç, Gültekin E, Bozkurt H. Biochemical responses of filamentous algae in different aquatic ecosystems in South East Turkey and associated water quality parameters. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 133:403-412. [PMID: 27508982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, any study about biochemical response of filamentous algae in the complex freshwater ecosystems has not been found in the literature. This study was designed to explore biochemical response of filamentous algae in different water bodies from May 2013 to October 2014, using multivariate approach in the South East of Turkey. Environmental variables were measured in situ: water temperature, oxygen concentration, saturation, conductivity, salinity, pH, redox potential, and total dissolved solid. Chemical variables of aqueous samples and biochemical compounds of filamentous algae were also measured. It was found that geographic position and anthropogenic activities had strong effect on physico-chemical variables of water bodies. Variation in environmental conditions caused change in algal biomass composition due to the different response of filamentous species, also indicated by FTIR analysis. Biochemical responses not only changed from species to species, but also varied for the same species at different sampling time and sampling stations. Multivariate analyses showed that heavy metals, nutrients, and water hardness were found as the important variables governing the temporal and spatial succession and biochemical compounds. Nutrients, especially nitrate, could stimulate pigment and total protein production, whereas high metal content had adverse effects. Amount of malondialdehyde (MDA), H2O2, total thiol groups, total phenolic compounds, proline, total carbohydrate, and metal bioaccumulation by filamentous algae could be closely related with heavy metals in the ecosystems. Significant increase in MDA, H2O2, total thiol group, total phenolic compounds, and proline productions by filamentous algae and chlorosis phenomenon seemed to be an important strategy for alleviating environmental factors-induced oxidative stress as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abuzer Çelekli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Hamdullah Arslanargun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Çiğdem Soysal
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Emine Gültekin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Hüseyin Bozkurt
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Gaziantep, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
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