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Szerement J, Kowalski A, Mokrzycki J, Marcińska-Mazur L, Mierzwa-Hersztek M. Restoration of soils contaminated with PAHs by the mixture of zeolite composites mixed with exogenous organic matter and mineral salts. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14227. [PMID: 37648836 PMCID: PMC10469190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41429-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The major cause of soil degradation (contamination, erosion, compaction) is closely linked to agriculture, i.e., unsustainable agriculture practices, which are reflected in the depletion of the soil organic carbon pool, loss in soil biodiversity, and reduction of C sink capacity in soils. Therefore, the agricultural practice of applying carbon-rich materials into the soil is an attractive solution for climate change mitigation and soil ecosystem sustainability. The paper aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the addition of organic-mineral mixtures to the mineral salts (NPK), including the exogenous organic matter (lignite) mixed with zeolite-carbon (NaX-C) or zeolite-vermiculite (NaX-Ver) composites in the restoration of soils contaminated with PAHs. The addition of zeolite composites to fertilizer resulted in a significant reduction in soil PAH levels and a corresponding reduction in plant tissue content, without compromising yields, compared to the control and separate application of NPK. A Significant correlation between PAHs and pHH2O, pHKCl, EC and dehydrogenase activity (DhA) was found in soils. The addition of zeolite composites with lignite significantly reduced the content of PAHs in straws, especially following the application of NaX-C. However, in the case of grains, the highest percentage reduction in comparison to NPK was observed for the highest dose of NaX-Ver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szerement
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Adam Kowalski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Geological Mapping and Economic Geology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Mokrzycki
- Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Lidia Marcińska-Mazur
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21 Av., 31-120, Kraków, Poland
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Mayakaduwage S, Ekanayake A, Kurwadkar S, Rajapaksha AU, Vithanage M. Phytoremediation prospects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113311. [PMID: 35460639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Extensive use of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in various industrial activities and daily-life products has made them ubiquitous contaminants in soil and water. PFAS-contaminated soil acts as a long-term source of pollution to the adjacent surface water bodies, groundwater, soil microorganisms, and soil invertebrates. While several remediation strategies exist to eliminate PFASs from the soil, strong ionic interactions between charged groups on PFAS with soil constituents rendered these PFAS remediation technologies ineffective. Pilot and field-scale data from recent studies have shown a great potential of PFAS to bio-accumulate and distribute within plant compartments suggesting that phytoremediation could be a potential remediation technology to clean up PFAS contaminated soils. Even though several studies have been performed on the uptake and translocation of PFAS by different plant species, most of these studies are limited to agricultural crops and fruit species. In this review, the role of both aquatic and terrestrial plants in the phytoremediation of PFAS was discussed highlighting different mechanisms underlying the uptake of PFASs in the soil-plant and water-plant systems. This review further summarized a wide range of factors that influence the bioaccumulation and translocation of PFASs within plant compartments including both structural properties of PFASs and physiological properties of plant species. Even though phytoremediation appears to be a promising remediation technique, some limitations that reduced the feasibility of phytoremediation in the practical application have been emphasized in previous studies. Additional research directions are suggested, including advanced genetic engineering techniques and endophyte-assisted phytoremediation to upgrade the phytoremediation potential of plants for the successful removal of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Mayakaduwage
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Anusha Ekanayake
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka.
| | - Sudarshan Kurwadkar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, California State University, 800 N. State College Blvd., Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka.
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Zhang X, Wang L, Zhou W, Feng L, Hu M, Hu J, Liu Z. Mixing of plant litters strengthens their remediation effects on crude oil-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:12753-12765. [PMID: 33094455 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11299-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of the mixing of litters on their remediation efficiency in petroleum-contaminated soil, litters from two common plants in the petroleum-contaminated region of Northern Shaanxi, China, Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng and Sophora davidii Kom. ex Pavol., and their mixture were mixed with 45 g/kg petroleum-contaminated soil. Based on these, a 150-day simulated remediation experiment was conducted at 25 °C and consistent moisture conditions. The effects on the degradation of petroleum components and the restoration of nutrient contents, pH, and enzymatic activity in the disturbed soil were detected. The effects of the litter treatments on the community structure and carbon source utilization characteristics of soil microorganisms were also studied. The results indicated that all litter treatments significantly accelerated the degradation of petroleum components, while the mixing of litter exhibited significant synergistic effects, leading to significantly higher degradation rates of saturated hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, and nonhydrocarbon substances than the observed rates in the single-litter treatments and the predicted rates based on the single-litter treatments. Litter treatment significantly increased the N and P contents and enzymatic activity of contaminated soil. The effects of mixed litter on soil chemical and biological properties fell between the effects of the 2 types of single-litter treatments. However, the mixing of litters exhibited significant synergistic effects in supplementing available P and increasing sucrase, dehydrogenase, lignin peroxidase, and laccase activity, while it exhibited significant antagonistic effects in supplementing nitrate nitrogen and increasing urease, phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, and manganese peroxidase activity. Litter treatment significantly altered the community structure of soil microorganisms. The relative abundances of some petroleum-degrading microbial phyla or genera in mixed litter-treated soil were significantly different from those in single litter-treated soils, which might contribute to the strengthened remediation effects of mixed litter treatment. The results might provide a theoretical basis for the more effect utilization of biomass resources in the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China.
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lijie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Wenxing Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Liaoliao Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Man Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, 716000, China
| | - Zengwen Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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Assessment of the Lowland Bog Biomass for Ex Situ Remediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soils. ENVIRONMENTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/environments7100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bog petroleum-contaminated soils have been remediated ex situ in conditions close to natural ones. It was found that during the first 30 days in natural conditions, the decomposition of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) was 30 ± 5%. On the 60th and 90th days, the process of TPH decomposition was 45 ± 5% and 60 ± 5%, respectively. The effect of various stimulant supplements was negligible. For the entire observed period, bog soil showed a very high self-cleaning potential with pollution concentration of 5 g of petroleum per 100 g of soil sample. Such diagnostic indicators of soil condition as urease and cellulase activities turned out to be most sensitive in the bog soil. The introduction of mineral fertilizers to stimulate the TPH decomposition increased the activity of urease in comparison with the background soil. On the other hand, the nonionic surfactant acted as an inhibitor of microorganisms involved in nitrogen metabolism, even in the presence of mineral fertilizers. The introduction of mineral fertilizers to petroleum-polluted bog soil stimulated the cellulases activity, while surfactants suppressed them in the early stages. The simultaneous introduction of surfactants and fertilizers kept the cellulase activity at the background level. It is concluded that in the case of petroleum pollution of infertile soils, the introduction of the upper layers of the phytomass of lowland bogs by providing looseness and long-term supply of nutrients from the dying parts of the moss will accelerate the self-cleaning processes.
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