1
|
Taghipour M, Jalali M. Leaching of Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn from different solid wastes: Effects of adding adsorbents and using different leaching solutions. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:319-331. [PMID: 37506589 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The leaching of potentially toxic elements from different industrial solid wastes (ISWs) must be understood to manage the environmental concerns they pose. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of clay mineral (bentonite) and nanoparticle (MgO) on potentially toxic elements (Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn) leaching in some ISWs, when they leached with different leaching solutions. The highest amount of Zn and Ni was leached from ceramic factory waste (CFW) and stone cutting wastes (SCW), respectively, while the highest amount of Cr was leached from leather factory waste (LFW). In ISWs, the leaching percentage of Cu, Ni, and Zn were up to 11.2%, whereas the greatest leaching percentage of Cr was 26.7% of the total content. The addition of bentonite and MgO decreased potentially toxic element leaching. The results of effluents speciation of SFW indicated that at the beginning of leaching with CaCl2, nitric acid, and citric acid, 75.1%, 84.1%, and 39.6% of Cr were in different forms of Cr (III), respectively, while at the end of leaching the percentage of Cr (III) species were decreased and Cr (VI) species were increased to 83.6%, 88.4%, and 93.4%, respectively. The addition of bentonite and especially MgO to the ISWs reduced the leaching of potentially toxic elements as well as reduced the percentage of Cr (VI) in the effluents of SFW. The findings suggested that bentonite has the potential to be a low-cost and environmentally acceptable adsorbent for minimizing the leaching of Cr and other potentially toxic elements from ISWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Taghipour
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Jalali
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Solid-Phase Partitioning and Leaching Behavior of Pb and Zn from Playground Soils in Kabwe, Zambia. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9100248. [PMID: 34678944 PMCID: PMC8539481 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9100248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Zambia’s Kabwe mine wastes (KMWs) are responsible for contaminating the surrounding soil and dust in the Kabwe district. Unfortunately, these wastes arise from the historical mining activities of lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn), which lacked adequate waste management strategies. As a result, potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Pb and Zn) spread across the Kabwe district. To assess the soil pollution derived from previous mining activities, we studied topsoil samples (n = 8) from the school playground soils (SPs). In this study, the degree of contamination, geochemical partitioning, and leachability, coupled with the release and retention of Pb and Zn, were studied. The SPs were classified as extremely enriched (EF > 40) and contaminated with Pb (Igeo > 5). On average, Pb (up to 89%) and Zn (up to 69%) were bound with exchangeable, weak acid-soluble, reducible and oxidizable phases, which are considered as ’geochemically mobile’ phases in the environment. The leachates from the soils (n = 5) exceeded the Zambian standard (ZS: 190:2010) for Pb in potable drinking water (Pb < 0.01 mg/L). Furthermore, the spatial distribution of Pb and Zn showed a significant reduction in contents of Pb and Zn with the distance from the mine area.
Collapse
|
3
|
Fan Y, Liu Y, Niu L, Zhang W, Zhang TA. High purity metal lead recovery from zinc direct leaching residue via chloride leaching and direct electrolysis. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
4
|
Tonhá MS, Araújo DF, Araújo R, Cunha BCA, Machado W, Portela JF, Pr Souza J, Carvalho HK, Dantas EL, Roig HL, Seyler P, Garnier J. Trace metal dynamics in an industrialized Brazilian river: A combined application of Zn isotopes, geochemical partitioning, and multivariate statistics. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 101:313-325. [PMID: 33334526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Paraiba do Sul (PSR) and Guandu Rivers (GR) water diversion system (120 km long) is located in the main industrial pole of Brazil and supplies drinking water for 9.4 million people in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. This study aims to discern the trace metals dynamics in this complex aquatic system. We used a combined approach of geochemical tools such as geochemical partitioning, Zn isotopes signatures, and multivariate statistics. Zinc and Pb concentrations in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and sediments were considerably higher in some sites. The sediment partition of As, Cr, and Cu revealed the residual fraction (F4) as the main fraction for these elements, indicating low mobility. Zinc and Pb were mostly associated with the exchangeable/carbonate (F1) and the reducible (F2) fractions, respectively, implying a higher susceptibility of these elements to being released from sediments. Zinc isotopic compositions of sediments and SPM fell in a binary mixing source process between lithogenic (δ66/64ZnJMC ≈ + 0.30‰) and anthropogenic (δ66/64ZnJMC ≈ + 0.15‰) end members. The lighter δ66/64ZnJMC values accompanied by high Zn concentrations in exchangeable/carbonate fraction (ZnF1) enable the tracking of Zn anthropogenic sources in the studied rivers. Overall, the results indicated that Hg, Pb, and Zn had a dominant anthropogenic origin linked to the industrial activities, while As, Cr, and Cu were mainly associated with lithogenic sources. This work demonstrates how integrating geochemical tools is valuable for assessing geochemical processes and mixing source effects in anthropized river watersheds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myller S Tonhá
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, L2, Asa Norte, 70910900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil.
| | - Daniel F Araújo
- Laboratoire de Biogéochimie des Contaminants Métalliques, Ifremer, Centre Atlantique, F44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Rafael Araújo
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, L2, Asa Norte, 70910900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Bruno C A Cunha
- Institute of Geosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 562, São Paulo 05508-080, Brazil
| | - Wilson Machado
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Programa de Geoquímica, Campus do Valonguinho, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joelma F Portela
- Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Química, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District 70919-970, Brazil
| | - João Pr Souza
- Analytical and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Instituto de Química, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District 70919-970, Brazil
| | - Hikari K Carvalho
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, L2, Asa Norte, 70910900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Elton L Dantas
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, L2, Asa Norte, 70910900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Henrique L Roig
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, L2, Asa Norte, 70910900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Laboratoire Mixte International "Observatoire des Changements Environnementaux" (LMI OCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Patrick Seyler
- Institute of Geosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 562, São Paulo 05508-080, Brazil; Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremie Garnier
- Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, L2, Asa Norte, 70910900 Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil; Laboratoire Mixte International "Observatoire des Changements Environnementaux" (LMI OCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement/University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Caraballo MA, Serna A, Macías F, Pérez-López R, Ruiz-Cánovas C, Richter P, Becerra-Herrera M. Uncertainty in the measurement of toxic metals mobility in mining/mineral wastes by standardized BCR ®SEP. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 360:587-593. [PMID: 30149345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mining residues management is one of the greatest challenges for mining companies around the world. The increasing consciousness of the general public and governments about the potential threat that those residues can pose to the environment is demanding consistent and precise methodologies for assessing the potential release of toxic metals. On this regard, the modified BCR® sequential extraction procedure (SEP) is frequently the chosen assessing protocol. However, this protocol was designed to study soils and sediments with low to moderate metal pollution, and validation of its applicability to mining residues is missing. The present research covers this gap of knowledge by subjecting selected highly polluted mining residues to the modified BCR®SEP. On the light of these results, it was confirmed that most of the metal bearing minerals in the mining residues were not completely dissolved in the corresponding SEP and, therefore, the application of BCR®SEP to mining residues systematically leads to an underestimation of metals mobility. The necessary changes to optimize the BCR®SEP to study mining residues would set a extraction procedure distinctively different from the original; thus it is strongly recommended to use alternative approaches to assess toxic metals mobility in highly polluted mining residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Caraballo
- Mining Engineering Department, University of Chile, Avda. Tupper 2069, 8370451 Santiago, Chile; Advanced Mining Technology Center, University of Chile, Avda. Tupper 2007, 8370451 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alexander Serna
- Mining Engineering Department, University of Chile, Avda. Tupper 2069, 8370451 Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Macías
- Department of Earth Sciences & Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Campus "El Carmen", E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Rafael Pérez-López
- Department of Earth Sciences & Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Campus "El Carmen", E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Cánovas
- Department of Earth Sciences & Research Center on Natural Resources, Health and the Environment, University of Huelva, Campus "El Carmen", E-21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Pablo Richter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, P.O. Box 233, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mercedes Becerra-Herrera
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile, P.O. Box 233, Santiago, Chile; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, P.O. Box 653, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sethurajan M, van Hullebusch ED, Nancharaiah YV. Biotechnology in the management and resource recovery from metal bearing solid wastes: Recent advances. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 211:138-153. [PMID: 29408062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solid metalliferous wastes (sludges, dusts, residues, slags, red mud and tailing wastes) originating from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgical industries are a serious environmental threat, when waste management practices are not properly followed. Metalliferous wastes generated by metallurgical industries are promising resources for biotechnological extraction of metals. These wastes still contain significant amounts of valuable non-ferrous metals, sometimes precious metals and also rare earth elements. Elemental composition and mineralogy of the metallurgical wastes is dependent on the nature of mining site and composition of primary ores mined. Most of the metalliferous wastes are oxidized in nature and contain less/no reduced sulfidic minerals (which can be quite well processed by biohydrometallurgy). However, application of biohydrometallurgy is more challenging while extracting metals from metallurgical wastes that contain oxide minerals. In this review, origin, elemental composition and mineralogy of the metallurgical solid wastes are presented. Various bio-hydrometallurgical processes that can be considered for the extraction of non-ferrous metals from metal bearing solid wastes are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Sethurajan
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, India; Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France; Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Yarlagadda V Nancharaiah
- Biofouling and Biofilm Processes Section, Water and Steam Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Kalpakkam 603102, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar Complex, Mumbai, 400 094, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang F, Yu J, Xiong W, Xu Y, Chi RA. A two-step leaching method designed based on chemical fraction distribution of the heavy metals for selective leaching of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb from metallurgical sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:1752-1765. [PMID: 29101700 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0471-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For selective leaching and highly effective recovery of heavy metals from a metallurgical sludge, a two-step leaching method was designed based on the distribution analysis of the chemical fractions of the loaded heavy metal. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) was used as a leaching agent in the first step to leach the relatively labile heavy metals and then ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) was applied to leach the residual metals according to their different fractional distribution. Using the two-step leaching method, 82.89% of Cd, 55.73% of Zn, 10.85% of Cu, and 0.25% of Pb were leached in the first step by 0.7 M HCl at a contact time of 240 min, and the leaching efficiencies for Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb were elevated up to 99.76, 91.41, 71.85, and 94.06%, by subsequent treatment with 0.2 M EDTA at 480 min, respectively. Furthermore, HCl leaching induced fractional redistribution, which might increase the mobility of the remaining metals and then facilitate the following metal removal by EDTA. The facilitation was further confirmed by the comparison to the one-step leaching method with single HCl or single EDTA, respectively. These results suggested that the designed two-step leaching method by HCl and EDTA could be used for selective leaching and effective recovery of heavy metals from the metallurgical sludge or heavy metal-contaminated solid media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430073, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, 635000, China
| | - Junxia Yu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430073, China
| | - Wanli Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430073, China
| | - Yuanlai Xu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430073, China
| | - Ru-An Chi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 693 Xiongchu Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, 430073, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barboza NR, Morais MMCA, Queiroz PS, Amorim SS, Guerra-Sá R, Leão VA. High Manganese Tolerance and Biooxidation Ability of Serratia marcescens Isolated from Manganese Mine Water in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1946. [PMID: 29062307 PMCID: PMC5640716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese is an important metal for the maintenance of several biological functions, but it can be toxic in high concentrations. One of the main forms of human exposure to metals, such as manganese (Mn), is the consumption of solar salt contaminated. Mn-tolerant bacteria could be used to decrease the concentration of this metal from contaminated sites through safer environmental-friendly alternative technology in the future. Therefore, this study was undertaken to isolate and identify Mn resistant bacteria from water samples collected from a Mn mine in the Iron Quadrangle region (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Two bacterial isolates were identified as Serratia marcescens based on morphological, biochemical, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and phylogeny analysis. Maximum resistance of the selected isolates against increasing concentrations of Mn(II), up to 1200 mg L-1 was determined in solid media. A batch assay was developed to analyze and quantify the Mn removal capacities of the isolates. Biological Mn removal capacities of over 55% were detected for both isolates. Whereas that mechanism like biosorption, precipitation and oxidation could be explaining the Mn removal, we seek to give an insight into some of the molecular mechanisms adopted by S. marcescens isolates. For this purpose, the following approaches were adopted: leucoberbelin blue I assay, Mn(II) oxidation by cell-free filtrate and electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses. Overall, these results indicate that S. marcescens promotes Mn removal in an indirect mechanism by the formation of Mn oxides precipitates around the cells, which should be further explored for potential biotechnological applications for water recycling both in hydrometallurgical and mineral processing operations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália R Barboza
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológica (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Pollyana S Queiroz
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológica (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Soraya S Amorim
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológica (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Renata Guerra-Sá
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológica (NUPEB), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Versiane A Leão
- Laboratório de Bio&Hidrometalurgia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Escola de Minas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han F, Zhang Y. Distribution Characteristic and Migration Pathways of Metals in Subsidence Zone in a Coal Mine, China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 98:539-545. [PMID: 28204839 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-017-2040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Subsidence can influence the distribution characteristics and migration pathways of metals in coal mines. In order to understand the two important and related issues of subsidence and pollution in coal mines, ten sample cores were collected in the coal mining subsidence and non-subsidence zones in Anhui province, China, and the concentration and forms of metals were analyzed. The results showed that concentrations for all metals significantly increased at the depth of 0-20 cm in these two zones. Concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn in the non-subsidence zone were 1.14, 1.69 and 1.48 times higher, respectively, than those in the subsidence zone, while concentrations of Cr and Pb showed no significant difference. The proportion of exchangeable and acid-extracted fractions of Cd, Cu and Zn in the non-subsidence zone were higher than those in the subsidence zone. This may be due to the different migration pathways for exchangeable and acid-extracted fractions of metals in subsidence and non-subsidence zones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fushun Han
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Engineering, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sethurajan M, Lens PNL, Horn HA, Figueiredo LHA, van Hullebusch ED. Leaching and Recovery of Metals. SUSTAINABLE HEAVY METAL REMEDIATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-61146-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
11
|
Sethurajan M, Huguenot D, Lens PNL, Horn HA, Figueiredo LHA, van Hullebusch ED. Leaching and selective copper recovery from acidic leachates of Três Marias zinc plant (MG, Brazil) metallurgical purification residues. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2016; 177:26-35. [PMID: 27074201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Zinc plant purification residue (ZPR), a typical Zn-hydrometallurgical waste, was collected from the Três Marias Zn plant (MG, Brazil). ZPR was characterized for its metal content and fractionation, mineralogy, toxicity and leachability. Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) and European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction results revealed that this ZPR displays high percentages of metals (Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb) in the highly mobilizable fractions, increasing its hazardous potential. Bulk chemical analysis, pH dependent leaching and acid (H2SO4) leaching studies confirm that the ZPR is polymetallic, rich in Cd, Cu and Zn. The sulfuric acid concentration (1 M), agitation speed (450 rpm), temperature (40 °C) and pulp density (20 g L(-1)) were optimized to leach the maximum amount of heavy metals (Cd, Cu and Zn). Under optimum conditions, more than 50%, 70% and 60% of the total Cd, Cu and Zn present in the ZPR can be leached, respectively. The metals in the acid leachates were investigated for metal sulfide precipitation with an emphasis on selective Cu recovery. Metal sulfide precipitation process parameters such as initial pH and Cu to sulfide ratio were optimized as pH 1.5 and 1:0.5 (Cu:sulfide) mass ratio, respectively. Under optimum conditions, more than 95% of Cu can be selectively recovered from the polymetallic ZPR leachates. The Cu precipitates characterization studies reveal that they are approximately 0.1 μm in diameter and mainly consist of Cu and S. XRD analysis showed covellite (CuS), chalcanthite (CuSO4·5H2O) and natrochalcite (NaCu2(SO4)2(OH)·H2O) as the mineral phases. ZPRs can thus be considered as an alternative resource for copper production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manivannan Sethurajan
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France; UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX, Delft, The Netherlands; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, NGqA-CPMTC, Instituto de Geociências, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - David Huguenot
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Piet N L Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611 AX, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Heinrich A Horn
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, NGqA-CPMTC, Instituto de Geociências, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz H A Figueiredo
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Solos e nutrição de plantas, Avenida Reinaldo Viana, 2630, Bico da Pedra, Janauba, MG, 39440-000, Brazil
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE), EA 4508, UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| |
Collapse
|