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Ur Rahman S, Qin A, Zain M, Mushtaq Z, Mehmood F, Riaz L, Naveed S, Ansari MJ, Saeed M, Ahmad I, Shehzad M. Pb uptake, accumulation, and translocation in plants: Plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular response: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27724. [PMID: 38500979 PMCID: PMC10945279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic contaminant that is ubiquitously present in the ecosystem and poses severe environmental issues, including hazards to soil-plant systems. This review focuses on the uptake, accumulation, and translocation of Pb metallic ions and their toxicological effects on plant morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes. We highlight that the uptake of Pb metal is controlled by cation exchange capacity, pH, size of soil particles, root nature, and other physio-chemical limitations. Pb toxicity obstructs seed germination, root/shoot length, plant growth, and final crop-yield. Pb disrupts the nutrient uptake through roots, alters plasma membrane permeability, and disturbs chloroplast ultrastructure that triggers changes in respiration as well as transpiration activities, creates the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activates some enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Pb also impairs photosynthesis, disrupts water balance and mineral nutrients, changes hormonal status, and alters membrane structure and permeability. This review provides consolidated information concentrating on the current studies associated with Pb-induced oxidative stress and toxic conditions in various plants, highlighting the roles of different antioxidants in plants mitigating Pb-stress. Additionally, we discussed detoxification and tolerance responses in plants by regulating different gene expressions, protein, and glutathione metabolisms to resist Pb-induced phytotoxicity. Overall, various approaches to tackle Pb toxicity have been addressed; the phytoremediation techniques and biochar amendments are economical and eco-friendly remedies for improving Pb-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeq Ur Rahman
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Anzhen Qin
- Institute of Farmland Irrigation, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Muhammad Zain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zain Mushtaq
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Mehmood
- Department of Land and Water Management, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70060, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, 47150, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sadiq Naveed
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), 244001, India
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, P.O. Box 2240, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shehzad
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, China
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Hamid Y, Tang L, Hussain B, Usman M, Lin Q, Rashid MS, He Z, Yang X. Organic soil additives for the remediation of cadmium contaminated soils and their impact on the soil-plant system: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 707:136121. [PMID: 31865074 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Immobilization is among the most-suitable strategies to remediate cadmium (Cd) contaminated sites. Organic additives (OAs) have emerged as highly efficient and environment-friendly immobilizers to eradicate Cd contamination in a wide range of environments. This review article is intended to critically illustrate the role of different OAs in Cd immobilization and to highlight the key findings in this context. Owing to the unique structural features (high surface area, cation exchange capacity (CEC), presence of many functional groups), OAs have shown strong capability to remediate Cd polluted soils by adsorption, electrostatic interaction, complexation and precipitation. Research data is compiled about the efficiency of different OAs (bio-waste, biochar, activated carbon, composts, manure, and plant residues) applied alone or in combination with other amendments in stabilization and renovation of contaminated sites. In addition to their role in remediation, OAs are widely advocated for being classical sources of essential plant nutrients and as agents to improve the soil health and quality which has also been focused in this review. OAs may contain considerable amounts of metals and therefore it becomes essential to assess their final contribution. Elimination of Cd contamination is essential to attenuate the contaminant effect and to produce the safe food. Therefore, deployment of environment-friendly remediation strategies (alone or in combination with other suitable technologies) should be adopted especially at early stages of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ Remediation and Ecol Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Lin Tang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ Remediation and Ecol Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Bilal Hussain
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ Remediation and Ecol Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman
| | - Qiang Lin
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ Remediation and Ecol Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Zhenli He
- Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Lab of Environ Remediation and Ecol Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Kohli SK, Handa N, Bali S, Khanna K, Arora S, Sharma A, Bhardwaj R. Current Scenario of Pb Toxicity in Plants: Unraveling Plethora of Physiological Responses. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 249:153-197. [PMID: 30900073 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an extremely toxic metal for all living forms including plants. It enters plants through roots from soil or soil solution. It is considered as one of the most eminent examples of anthropogenic environmental pollutant added in environment through mining and smelting of lead ores, coal burning, waste from battery industries, leaded paints, metal plating, and automobile exhaust. Uptake of Pb in plants is a nonselective process and is driven by H+/ATPases. Translocation of Pb metal ions occurs by apoplastic movement resulting in deposition of metal ions in the endodermis and is further transported by symplastic movement. Plants exposed to high concentration of Pb show toxic symptoms due to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through Fenton-Haber-Weiss reaction. ROS include superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide, which reach to macro- and micro-cellular levels in the plant cells and cause oxidative damage. Plant growth and plethora of biochemical and physiological attributes including plant growth, water status, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidative defense system, phenolic compounds, metal chelators, osmolytes, and redox status are adversely influenced by Pb toxicity. Plants respond to toxic levels of Pb in varied ways such as restricted uptake of metal, chelation of metal ions to the root endodermis, enhancement in activity of antioxidative defense, alteration in metal transporters expression, and involvement of plant growth regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
| | - Neha Handa
- Department of Botany, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Shagun Bali
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.
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Wiszniewska A, Muszyńska E, Hanus-Fajerska E, Dziurka K, Dziurka M. Evaluation of the protective role of exogenous growth regulators against Ni toxicity in woody shrub Daphne jasminea. PLANTA 2018; 248:1365-1381. [PMID: 30116887 PMCID: PMC6244662 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-2979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The results provide a significant verification of the activity of exogenously applied phytohormones: gibberellic acid, jasmonic acid, and brassinolide in the modulation of the plant's response to nickel treatment. The study investigated nickel accumulation and its toxicity to Daphne jasminea shoots cultured in vitro with or without exogenous supplementation with phytohormones: gibberellic acid (GA3), jasmonic acid (JA), and brassinolide (BL). The aim was to verify the modulatory effect of exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs) on plant reaction to Ni excess. The combined action of Ni and PGRs was evaluated at the anatomical, ultrastructural, and biochemical levels. Nickel toxicity was manifested in decreased biomass accretion and growth tolerance index (83-53.6%), attributed to enhanced synthesis of growth inhibitors, mainly abscisic acid. As a defence reaction, endogenous gibberellins accumulated. Exogenous GA3 ameliorated the plant reaction to Ni stress, inducing proliferation and growth rate. Ni tolerance in the presence of GA3 was attributed to peroxisomal reactions that stimulated the synthesis of endogenous JA. In contrast, the application of BL caused enhanced Ni accumulation. Plants suffered from pronounced stress due to massive oxidation. The defence strategy of plants subjected to Ni and BL involved cell wall rearrangements. Exogenous JA stimulated the synthesis of active auxins and salicylic acid, contributing to enhanced mitotic activity within explants. However, JA disturbed the integrity of chloroplasts and lamellar compartments. Our study revealed that an action of exogenous PGRs may either enhance tolerance to Ni or increase metal toxicity in D. jasminea. Particularly in in vitro culture, where explants are subjected to external phytohormonal stimuli, the combined effects of supplemental PGRs may enhance stress and substantially affect plant development. Our results provide a significant verification of exogenous PGRs activity in the modulation of plant response to nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Wiszniewska
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Hanus-Fajerska
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kinga Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Dziurka
- The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
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Muszyńska E, Hanus-Fajerska E, Koźmińska A. Differential Tolerance to Lead and Cadmium of Micropropagated Gypsophila fastigiata Ecotype. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2018; 229:42. [PMID: 29398730 PMCID: PMC5785615 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-018-3702-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In vitro techniques may provide a suitable tool for effective propagation and conservation of plant species representing various ecological niches. The elaboration of such protocols is also prerequisite for selection of heavy-metal-tolerant plant material that could be afterwards used for restoration or remediation of polluted sites. In this study, culture protocol for Gypsophila fastigiata propagation was developed. The highest multiplication coefficient, which reached 6.5, and the best growth parameters were obtained on modified MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 2iP and 0.2 mg L-1 IAA. The obtained cultures were treated with different concentrations of lead nitrate (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM Pb(NO3)2) or cadmium chloride (0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 μM CdCl2). The growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and phenolic compound content were examined in order to evaluate whether tested metal salts can have an adverse impact on studied culture. It was ascertained that Pb ions induced growth disturbances and contributed to shoot wither. On the contrary, the proliferative shoot cultures were established on media containing Cd ions and the multiplication coefficients and shoot length increased on all media enriched with CdCl2. Chlorophylls and carotenoid contents were negatively affected by application of 5.0 μM of cadmium; nevertheless, in shoots treated with 2.5 μM CdCl2, increased accumulation of photosynthetic pigments occurred and their amount was similar to untreated culture. Adaptation to Cd was associated with stimulation of phenolic compound synthesis. Hence, we have reported on unambiguous positive result of in vitro selection procedure to obtain vigorous shoot culture tolerant to cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Hanus-Fajerska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, al. 29-Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Koźmińska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, al. 29-Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
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Wiszniewska A, Hanus-Fajerska E, Muszyńska E, Smoleń S. Comparative Assessment of Response to Cadmium in Heavy Metal-Tolerant Shrubs Cultured In Vitro. WATER, AIR, AND SOIL POLLUTION 2017; 228:304. [PMID: 28798499 PMCID: PMC5529499 DOI: 10.1007/s11270-017-3488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Two species of Pb-adapted shrubs, Alyssum montanum and Daphne jasminea, were evaluated in vitro for their tolerance to elevated concentrations of cadmium. Shoot cultures were treated with 0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 μM CdCl2 for 16 weeks and analyzed for their organogenic response, biomass accretion, pigment content, and macronutrient status. Cadmium accumulation and its root-to-shoot translocation were also determined. In both species, rooted microplantlets, suitable for acclimatization, were obtained in the presence of Cd applied as selection agent. In A. montanum, low and moderate dose of Cd stimulated multiplication, rooting, and biomass production. Growth tolerance index (GTI) in Cd-treated shoots ranged from 120 to 215%, while in the roots 51-202%. In turn, in Cd-treated D. jasminea proliferation and rooting were inhibited, and GTI for shoots decreased with increasing doses of Cd. However, roots exposed to Cd had higher biomass accretion. Both species accumulated Cd in developed organs, and its content increased with increasing CdCl2 dose. Interestingly, D. jasminea accumulated higher amounts of Cd in the roots than A. montanum and immobilized this metal in the root system. On the contrary, A. montanum translocated some part of accumulated Cd to the shoots, but with low efficiency. In the presence of Cd, A. montanum maintained macronutrient homeostasis and synthesized higher amounts of phytosynthetic pigments in the shoots. D. jasminea accumulated root biomass, immobilized Cd, and restricted its translocation at the expense of nutrient balance. Considering remediation potential, A. montanum could be exploited in phytoextraction, while D. jasminea in phytostabilization of polluted substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Wiszniewska
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - E. Hanus-Fajerska
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - E. Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland
| | - S. Smoleń
- Unit of Plant Nutrition, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
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