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Zheng H, Zhao W, Du X, Hua J, Ma Y, Zhao C, Lu H, Shi Y, Yao J. Determining the soil odor control area: A case study of an abandoned organophosphorus pesticide factory in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167436. [PMID: 37774866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, soil odor-active substance screening and evaluation methods for contaminated sites are underdeveloped, with unclear treatment objectives and areas. Consequently, some sites suffer from odor issues during and even after remediation. This study focused on an organophosphorus pesticide factory site in Guangdong Province, China. It established a method of determining the odorant control area using a comprehensive approach combining instrumental and olfactory soil sample analyses. The main odor-active substances identified were ethylbenzene, phenol, m, p-xylene, styrene, toluene, and o-xylene, with odorant control values (the limit of odor-active substance contents) of 35.2, 28.1, 8.0, 11.3, 40.2 and 89.3 mg/kg respectively. Instrumental analysis of soil samples revealed 11 sampling points where the main odor-causing substances exceeded standard levels. Among the substances, ethylbenzene (1.48E+04 mg/kg) had the highest content, exceeding the limit up to 421-fold. Olfactory analysis indicated 14 sampling points with odor intensity surpassing the standard (OI > 2). Based on the instrumental analysis results and the odorant control value, the initial estimated odor control area (area with the risk of odor nuisance) was 5.64E+03 m2. Incorporating the olfactory analysis findings, the control area was adjusted by 1.25E+03 m2, leading to a final calculated soil odor control area of 6.89E+03 m2 for the study site. The comprehensive approach to analyzing soil samples for odor control can help evaluate the extent of soil odor pollution in contaminated sites and provide a scientific basis for effectively removing and managing odor-causing substances in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguang Zheng
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China; China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weiguang Zhao
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoming Du
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jie Hua
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yan Ma
- China University of Mining & Technology-Beijing, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Caiyun Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hefeng Lu
- Xingtai Ecological Environment Bureau Xingdong New Area Branch, Xingtai 054001, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Juejun Yao
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
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Liu D, Xu J, Fang Y, Du Y, Hu L, Fang C, Shen D, Long Y. Effect of air and water on the release of chlorine from semi-aerobic landfill. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:2197-2206. [PMID: 33427083 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1869838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachate has a high chloride (Cl-) content. Because it is highly mobile, and cannot be sorbed or transformed bio-chemically, it is important to have detailed information about how it migrates in landfill sites. In this study, we set up four lab-scale simulated landfills, including an anaerobic landfill (AL), an anaerobic landfill with leachate recirculation (RAL), an anaerobic/semi-anaerobic landfill with leachate recirculation (RASL), and an anaerobic/semi-aerobic landfill (ASL), to explore how, when regulated, moisture and air affected the migration of chlorine. We found that water and air had a strong influence on the release of Cl-. Leachate obviously promoted Cl- dissolution in refuse when recirculated. When air was introduced into landfill, thereby changing it from anaerobic to semi-aerobic, the leachate Cl- concentration increased sharply from around 4-9 g L-1 (RASL) and 18 g L-1 (ASL), respectively. In principle, Cl- is released continuously when leachate is recirculated in landfills (RAL and RASL), but it can also be found a terminal when the leachate recirculation stops (AL and ASL). Cumulative amounts of 64, 66, 27, and 53 g of Cl- were released from the AL, RAL, RASL, and ASL, respectively. Lower COD/Cl and NH4+-N/Cl ratios in ASL and RASL after day 175 indicated that lower Cl- pollution risk than that in AL and RAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Du
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lifang Hu
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengran Fang
- College of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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3
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Chai F, Li P, Li L, Qiu Z, Han Y, Yang K. Dispersion, olfactory effect, and health risks of VOCs and odors in a rural domestic waste transfer station. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112879. [PMID: 35134380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The impact of odorous gases emitted from refuse transfer stations has always been a concern raised by the surrounding residents. The emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odors were investigated in a rural solid waste transfer station (RSWTS) located in Southwest China. A total of 70 VOCs were identified and quantified. The total VOCs (TVOCs) concentrations varied from 848.38 to 31193.24 μg/m3. Inorganic odor and greenhouse gases concentrations ranged from 39.11 to 470.14 μg/m3 and 1.03-525.42 μg/m3, respectively. Oxygenated compounds contributed the most (58.25%) to the VOCs. Among the oxygenated compounds, ketones, esters, and ethers were the dominant categories, accounting for 67.5%, 12.70%, and 11.85%, respectively. The key odorants included propionaldehyde, hexanaldehyde, propionic acid, acetaldehyde, and disopropyl ether. N-nitrosodiethylamine, acrylonitrile, and 1,3-Butadiene were the three main carcinogens that pose considerable risk to human health. Allyl chloride was the most non-carcinogenic pathogen among the VOCs detected in RSWTS. With diffusion in the downwind direction, the concentration of VOCs decreased gradually, and their risks weakened accordingly. At the sampling site of RSWTS-10, located 100 m away from RSWTS, acrylonitrile and 1,3-Butadiene still presented an unacceptable carcinogenic risk to human health. This study provides new data for assessing the emission characteristics, olfactory effects, and health risks of trace VOCs, especially those released from RSWTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material & Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Zhongping Qiu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 611756, China
| | - Yunping Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaixiong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
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4
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Fang W, Huang Y, Ding Y, Qi G, Liu Y, Bi J. Health risks of odorous compounds during the whole process of municipal solid waste collection and treatment in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 158:106951. [PMID: 34710733 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The high moisture content and perishable organic waste of municipal solid waste (MSW) in China have caused the severe odor nuisance to be one of the crucial reasons for resident complaints. Understanding the environmental risks of odorous compounds lays the foundations for resolving the problems. This study collected concentration data of 86 odorous compounds in five types of MSW processing facilities/equipment which can well represent the whole process of MSW stream, including waste bins and transfer stations for collection, compost plants and anaerobic digestion plants for utilization, and landfills for final disposal. The results revealed that the occupational health risks of odorants were not fully consistent with the compound concentrations and olfactory annoyance. Higher odorous compound concentrations and more severe olfactory annoyance can be found in the MSW utilization and disposal facilities, but the occupational carcinogenic risk (2.79 × 10-5-1.12 × 10-3) was non-negligible along the whole MSW stream. Aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons were crucial contributors to the carcinogenic risk of odorous compounds emission from these facilities. Particularly for estimating the adverse impact range of MSW facilities, the carcinogenic risk was the most critical factor, implying impact distance of ∼1.5 km for MSW transfer station and ∼5 km for landfill, and even higher for the regions (such as southwest China) with lower wind speed and higher atmospheric stability. In addition to current regulations, another 5 compounds (acetaldehyde, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, acrolein, and benzyl chloride) that displayed high carcinogenic risks were suggested to be concerned. This study provided insights for the policymakers regarding MSW odors management, especially underscoring the importance of considering the health risks of odorous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yujie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yimeng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Guangxia Qi
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jun Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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5
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Guo Y, Zhu Z, Zhao Y, Zhou T, Lan B, Song L. Simultaneous annihilation of microorganisms and volatile organic compounds from municipal solid waste storage rooms with slightly acidic electrolyzed water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113414. [PMID: 34351303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Great deal pathogenic bacteria and malodorous gases are hidden in municipal solid waste (MSW), which poses excellent environmental sanitation risks for sanitation workers and residents, and preventive measures should be implemented. In this study, the simultaneous annihilation of microorganisms and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) was investigated in an MSW storage room of a residential community in Shanghai, China. The microbial population of airborne, surfaces and handles of waste bins, hands of sanitation workers and the main components of VOCs were measured. The results indicated that the bacterial reduction efficiencies of SAEW with an available chlorine concentration (ACC) of 50-100 mg/L on surfaces and handles of waste bins and sanitation workers' hands were 22.7%-84.1%. Also, SAEW effectively reduced the average population of airborne bacteria and fungi by 358 and 378 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 and decreased the detection rates of coliforms by 14.2%-51.9%. The concentrations of most VOCs were reduced by 21.4%-88.3% after spraying SAEW. And the accumulated values of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks also tended to decrease with spraying SAEW. These findings imply that SAEW has significant application potential to control environmental sanitation risks in MSW storage rooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Zihan Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Youcai Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, 1515 North Zhongshan Rd. (No. 2), Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
| | - Bin Lan
- Bidolon Environmental Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 289 Fuxi Rd. (No. 8), Shanghai, 201508, PR China.
| | - Lijie Song
- Shanghai Environmental Engineering Design Research Institute, 345 Shilong Rd. (No. 11), Shanghai, 200232, PR China.
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6
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Jiang K, Cheng Z, Lou Z, Wang L, Lu H, Xu B, Jin N. Chemical and olfactive impacts of organic matters on odor emission patterns from the simulated construction and demolition waste landfills. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 103:196-206. [PMID: 33743901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The explosive increase of construction and demolition waste (CDW) caused the insufficient source separation and emergency disposal at domestic waste landfills in many developing countries. Some organic fractions were introduced to the CDW landfill process and resulted in serious odor pollution. To comprehensively explore the impacts of organic matters on odor emission patterns, five CDW landfills (OIL), with organic matters/ inert CDW components (O/I) from 5% to 30%, and the control group only with inert components (IL) or organics (OL) were simulated at the laboratory. The chemical and olfactive characters of odors were evaluated using the emission rate of 94 odorants content (ERtotal), theory odor concentration (TOCtotal), and e-nose concentration (ERENC), and their correlations with waste properties were also analyzed. It was found that the main contributors to ERtotal (IL: 93.0% NH3; OIL: 41.6% sulfides, 31.0% NH3, 25.9% oxygenated compounds) and TOCtotal (IL: 64.1% CH3SH, 28.2% NH3; OIL: 71.7% CH3SH, 24.8% H2S) changed significantly. With the rise of O/I, ERtotal, TOCtotal, and ERENC increased by 10.9, 20.6, and 2.1 times, respectively. And the organics content in CDW should be less than 10% (i.e., DOC<101.3 mg/L). The good regressions between waste properties (DOC, DN, pH) and ERENC- (r=0.86, 0.86, -0.88, p<0.05), TOCtotal- (r=0.82, 0.79, -0.82, p<0.05) implied that the carbon sources and acidic substances relating to organics degradation might result in that increase. Besides, the correlation analysis results (ERENC-vs.TOCtotal-, r=0.96, p<0.01; vs.ERtotal-, r=0.86, p<0.05) indicated that e-nose perhaps was a reliable odor continuous monitoring tool for CDW landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Jiang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zhaowen Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Luochun Wang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Hailin Lu
- Shanghai Environment Group co., Ltd, Shanghai 200336, China
| | - Bijun Xu
- Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ningben Jin
- Shanghai Environmental Sanitation Engineering Design Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200001, China
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7
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Pang Y, Gu T, Zhang G, Yu Z, Zhou Y, Zhu DZ, Zhang Y, Zhang T. Experimental study on volatile sulfur compound inhibition using a single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30571-30582. [PMID: 32468370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Odor emissions from sewer systems and wastewater treatment plants have attracted much attention due to the potential negative effects on human health. A single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell was proposed for the removal of sulfides in a sewer system. The feasibility of the use of volatile sulfur compounds and their removal efficiency in liquid and headspace gas phases were investigated using synthetic wastewater with real sewer sediment and Ru/Ir-coated titanium electrodes. The results indicate that hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic sulfur compounds were effectively inhibited in the liquid phase upon electrochemical treatment at current densities of 1.55, 2.06, and 2.58 mA/cm2, and their removal rates reached up to 86.2-100%, except for dimethyl trisulfide, the amount of which increased greatly at 1.55 mA/cm2. In addition, the amount of volatile sulfur compounds in the headspace decreased greatly; however, the total theoretical odor concentration was still high, and methanethiol and ethanethiol greatly contributed to the total strength of the odor concentration due to their low odor threshold concentrations. The major pathway for sulfide removal in the single-chamber membrane-free microbial electrolysis cell is biotic oxidation, the removal rate of which was 0.4-0.5 mg/min, 4-5 times that of indirect electrochemical oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Pang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tianfeng Gu
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guijiao Zhang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Zhiguang Yu
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yongchao Zhou
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - David Z Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2W2, Canada
| | - Yiping Zhang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tuqiao Zhang
- The Institute of Municipal Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Liu J, Zheng G. Emission of volatile organic compounds from a small-scale municipal solid waste transfer station: Ozone-formation potential and health risk assessment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 106:193-202. [PMID: 32234654 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the main precursors of tropospheric ozone and secondary aerosol generation, posing a threat to human health and affecting the environmental climate. A large quantity of VOCs can be produced in the initial decomposition stage of municipal solid waste (MSW). In this study, the atmosphere in an MSW transfer station was monitored for one year. The emission characteristics of VOCs in different seasons and working hours were analyzed, and the ozone-formation potential of VOCs was calculated through the maximum incremental reaction method, and health risks posed by the VOCs in the MSW transfer station were assessed. The results showed that the highest concentration of VOCs appeared in spring and summer, accounting for 70.6% and 26.6% of total VOCs (TVOCs) in peak working periods, respectively. Oxygenated compounds and terpenes contributed most to ozone formation, accounting for 41.0% and 50.6% of total ozone formation, respectively. The carcinogenic risks were above the safe threshold, labeled "probable risks". Tetrachloroethylene and 1,2-dichloroethane were the main contributors to carcinogenic risks. The mean non-carcinogenic risks were within the safe threshold in the MSW transfer station. From the perspective of protecting human health and ecological environmental safety, VOC control needs to be further strengthened in the transfer station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwan Liu
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guodi Zheng
- Center for Environmental Remediation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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9
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Cheng Z, Zhu S, Chen X, Wang L, Lou Z, Feng L. Variations and environmental impacts of odor emissions along the waste stream. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 384:120912. [PMID: 31640936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Odor nuisance related to municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal is one of the main incentives to counter the Not-In-My-Backyard Syndrome. Moreover, integrated odor management contributes to specific odor control at different waste treatment stages. In this study, odor emissions along typical MSW streams were categorized based on their olfactive and environmental impacts after a field investigation of the residential district (RD), transfer station (TS), and landfill (LF) in the Chongming Eco-island. It was found that odorants, especially NH3 and sulfides, increased along the MSW stream, with total chemical concentration increasing from 1241.5 ± 235.6 to 6947.2 ± 1726.8 μg/m3. Source separation and co-landfill system, which premixes the MSW with bottom ash (BA) at a ratio of 5:1, were speculated to efficiently attenuate odorants. Sulfides reduced owing to an increase in trace metal dissolution and carbon source consumption with the addition of BA at the LF, whereas NH3 in the leachate pond increased due to enhanced biodegradation and alkalinity. Photochemical ozone formation (6.7 × 10-8-8.6 × 10-5 personal equivalent, PE), nutrient enrichment (5.4 × 10-8-4.6 × 10-5 PE), and acidification (4.8 × 10-8-4.1 × 10-5 PE) were the major environmental impact categories. The priority odor pollutants screened using ternary fuzzy synthetic system could reflect the impact of olfaction and environment and greatly varied along the waste stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Shanghai Solid Waste Management Center, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Louchun Wang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai, 200090, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Lili Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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10
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Ying L, Long Y, Yao L, Liu W, Hu L, Fang C, Shen D. Sulfate reduction at micro-aerobic solid-liquid interface in landfill. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 667:545-551. [PMID: 30833253 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
H2S can be produced under aerobic conditions, which goes against the traditional view of an obligatory anaerobic metabolism process. In this research, the sulfate-reduction behavior at the micro-aerobic solid-liquid interface in a landfill was investigated. H2S emission from mineralized waste from the landfill material could be enhanced when exposed to O2. The highest H2S concentration of 56.54 mg·m-3, observed at an O2 concentration of 2%, was 4.5 times higher than the highest concentration of H2S recorded under anaerobic conditions. The presence of leachate influenced protection of the anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria against O2, allowing the bacteria to survive and even undergo significant sulfate reduction under micro-aerobic conditions. The sulfate concentration could be maintained at a high level because of possible oxidation-reduction cycling under micro-aerobic conditions and the risk of H2S emission was always high. This research provides a theoretical basis for controlling the release of H2S within landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Lihua Yao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Weijia Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- School of Quality and Safety, Institution of Industrial Carbon Metrology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Chengran Fang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
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Cheng Z, Sun Z, Zhu S, Lou Z, Zhu N, Feng L. The identification and health risk assessment of odor emissions from waste landfilling and composting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 649:1038-1044. [PMID: 30184519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Odor nuisance is the main incentive for Not In My Back Yard campaigns around municipal solid waste (MSW) waste disposal facilities, and the odor identification is of significance for the understanding of the odor properties from MSW with different disposal methods. In this study, odor emissions from different stages at two large-scale working MSW disposal facilities, i.e., landfill (LF) and compost plant (CP), were distinguished with the same MSW feedstock in one city. It was found that CP suffered the heavier odor pollution and the characteristics of odorants changed significantly, especially the pile-turning workshop. Sulfides and aromatics were the main concentration contributors for LF, while that for CP were NH3 and oxygenated compounds. Significant correlations between odor concentration and halogenated compounds, sulfides (r2 = 0.945, 0.898, p<0.05, n = 12) were merely observed in CP. The priority odor pollutants of LF were H2S, benzene and NH3, while that of CP was NH3, ethyl acetate and benzene with a descending order. With regarding to their contributions for occupational exposure, the carcinogenic risk was negligible for these facilities, but H2S of LF might bring non-carcinogenic risk to on-site workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowen Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongtao Sun
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyang Lou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nanwen Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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12
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Liu W, Long Y, Fang Y, Ying L, Shen D. A novel aerobic sulfate reduction process in landfill mineralized refuse. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 637-638:174-181. [PMID: 29751300 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is thought that mineralized refuse could be excavated from almost-full landfill sites to provide space for the increasing burden of municipal solid waste. When excavating, however, the H2S emissions from the mineralized waste need to be considered carefully. In an attempt to understand how H2S emissions might change during this excavation process, we carried out a series of tests, including exposing anaerobic mineralized refuse to oxygen, isolating and determining possible functional bacteria, and characterizing the electron donors and/or acceptors. The results showed that H2S would be released when landfill mineralized refuse was exposed to oxygen (O2), and could reach concentrations of 6 mg m-3, which was 3 times the concentrations of H2S released from anaerobic mineralized refuse. Sulfur-metabolized microorganisms accounted for only 0.5% of the microbial functional bacteria (MFB) derived from the mineralized refuse when exposed to O2 for 60 days, and SRB were not present. The MFB maintained H2S production by aerobic sulfate reduction using SO42- and S2O32- as electron acceptors, and sulfate-reducing rates of 16% and 55%, respectively, were achieved. Lactate and S2O32- were the preferred electron donor and acceptor, respectively. By enhancing the carbon source and electron transfer, MFB may undergo strong aerobic sulfate reduction even at low abundances of sulfur-metabolized microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Yuan Fang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Luyao Ying
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
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The Regular Interaction Pattern among Odorants of the Same Type and Its Application in Odor Intensity Assessment. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17071624. [PMID: 28703760 PMCID: PMC5539596 DOI: 10.3390/s17071624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory evaluation function (e.g., odor intensity rating) of e-nose is always one of the most challenging issues in researches about odor pollution monitoring. But odor is normally produced by a set of stimuli, and odor interactions among constituents significantly influenced their mixture’s odor intensity. This study investigated the odor interaction principle in odor mixtures of aldehydes and esters, respectively. Then, a modified vector model (MVM) was proposed and it successfully demonstrated the similarity of the odor interaction pattern among odorants of the same type. Based on the regular interaction pattern, unlike a determined empirical model only fit for a specific odor mixture in conventional approaches, the MVM distinctly simplified the odor intensity prediction of odor mixtures. Furthermore, the MVM also provided a way of directly converting constituents’ chemical concentrations to their mixture’s odor intensity. By combining the MVM with usual data-processing algorithm of e-nose, a new e-nose system was established for an odor intensity rating. Compared with instrumental analysis and human assessor, it exhibited accuracy well in both quantitative analysis (Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.999 for individual aldehydes (n = 12), 0.996 for their binary mixtures (n = 36) and 0.990 for their ternary mixtures (n = 60)) and odor intensity assessment (Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.980 for individual aldehydes (n = 15), 0.973 for their binary mixtures (n = 24), and 0.888 for their ternary mixtures (n = 25)). Thus, the observed regular interaction pattern is considered an important foundation for accelerating extensive application of olfactory evaluation in odor pollution monitoring.
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