1
|
Gong W, Liu X, Wang J, Zhao Y, Tang X. A gravity-driven membrane bioreactor in treating the real decentralized domestic wastewater: Flux stability and membrane fouling. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:138948. [PMID: 37196796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Domestic wastewater in decentralized sites is capturing increasing attention. However, conventional treatment technology is not sufficiently cost-effective. In this study, real domestic wastewater was treated directly using a gravity-driven membrane bioreactor (GDMBR) at 45 mbar without backwashing or chemical cleaning, and the effects of different membrane pore sizes (0.22 μm, 0.45 μm, and 150 kDa) on flux development and contaminants removal were examined. The results showed that the flux initially decreased and then stabilized throughout long-term filtration and that the stabilized flux level of the GDMBR equipped the membranes with the pore size of 150 kDa and 0.22 μm was higher than that of 0.45 μm membrane and was in the range of 3.25-4.25 L m-2h-1. The flux stability was related to spongelike and permeable biofilm generation on the membrane surface in the GDMBR system. The presence of aeration shear on the membrane surface would cause the slough off of biofilm from the membrane surface, especially in the scenarios of GDMBR with the membrane pore size of 150 kDa and 0.22 μm, contributing to lower accumulation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and smaller biofilm thickness compared to that of 0.45 μm membrane. Furthermore, the GDMBR system achieved efficient removals of chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia, with average removal efficiencies of 60-80% and 70%. The high biological activity and microbial community diversity within the biofilm would improve its biodegradation and should be responsible for the efficient removal performance of contaminants. Interestingly, the membrane effluent could effectively retain total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Therefore, it's feasible to adopt the GDMBR process to treat the actual domestic wastewater in the decentralized locations, and these findings could be expected to develop some simple and environmentally friendly strategies for decentralized wastewater treatment with fewer inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Gong
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Xianwu Liu
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jiashuo Wang
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yuzhou Zhao
- School of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Street, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Analytical Review on Membrane Water Filter using Different Materials to Prevent Microbial Activities. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.4.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Drinking water quality monitoring technologies have made significant progress in monitoring water resources and water treatment plants. This paper discusses the adverse effect of microbial contamination and also gives a brief description of the important parameters for drinking water and the technologies currently available used in this field. This paper is focused on studying the requirement for the development of low-cost filter materials that can be suitable as well as economical to be produced on a large-scale for real applications. There are several parameters such as porosity, contact angle, water flux, thickness, microbial activity needed to be focused on in the future to study the transformation of the hydrophilic property on the surface of the water.
Collapse
|
3
|
Guo X, Jiang S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang J, Huang T, Liang H, Tang X. Effects of pre-treatments on the filtration performance of ultra-low pressure gravity-driven membrane in treating the secondary effluent: Flux stabilization and removal improvement. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
4
|
Lin L, Zhang Y, Yan W, Fan B, Fu Q, Li S. Performance of gravity-driven membrane systems for algal water treatment: Effects of temperature and membrane properties. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:155963. [PMID: 35584755 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) systems are promising for algal water treatment. However, the algae-bacteria interaction in the biofilm on the membrane, which is highly dependent on temperature and membrane properties, is still unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of temperature on the performance of GDM systems during the filtration of algae-rich water for 50 days using two types of membranes. The results suggested that the combined effect of the microbial growth (controlled by temperature) and organic rejection (related to membrane properties) determined the membrane biofilm structure and its hydraulic resistance. Increasing the temperature from 10 to 35 °C gradually improved the foulant removal by both polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF200) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC0.01) membranes, corresponding to different microbial activities. The lowest removal observed at 10 °C was attributed to the algal cell rupture and limited bacteria growth. At 25 °C, the stimulated algae population was mainly responsible for nutrient removal, meanwhile the oxygenic environment encouraged the proliferation of heterotrophic bacteria for the organic removal. At a higher temperature of 35 °C, both the nutrient and organic removal were dominated by denitrification, accompanied by a strong increase in biological activity. Although PVDF200 membranes had 10 times higher initial fluxes than PVC0.01 membranes, they obtained comparable final fluxes. Unlike PVDF200 membranes exhibited the highest final flux at 10 °C (3.64 L/m2/h), the PVC0.01 membrane permeability increased in the order: 10 °C (1.58 L/m2/h) < 25 °C (2.20 L/m2/h) < 35 °C (4.00 L/m2/h). This is mainly because the PVDF200 membrane fouling was dominated by microbial biomass, while PVC0.01 membranes with smaller pores and higher hydrophilicity were more sensitive to changes in microbial metabolites. This study links temperature, membrane properties and biofilm physiology, with practical relevance for the hydraulic performance of GDM systems, hopefully leading to their wider application in algal water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China.
| | - Wenxin Yan
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, China
| | - Bangjun Fan
- Heilongjiang Airport Management Group Co. LTD, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Key Lab of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hung TS, Bilad MR, Shamsuddin N, Suhaimi H, Ismail NM, Jaafar J, Ismail AF. Confounding Effect of Wetting, Compaction, and Fouling in an Ultra-Low-Pressure Membrane Filtration: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102073. [PMID: 35631955 PMCID: PMC9145490 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-low-pressure membrane (ULPM) filtration has emerged as a promising decentralized water and wastewater treatment method. It has been proven effective in long-term filtration under stable flux without requiring physical or chemical cleaning, despite operating at considerably lower flux. The use of ultra-low pressure, often simply by hydrostatic force (often called gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration), makes it fall into the uncharted territory of common pressure-driven membrane filtration. The applied polymeric membrane is sensitive to compaction, wetting, and fouling. This paper reviews recent studies on membrane compaction, wetting, and fouling. The scope of this review includes studies on those phenomena in the ULPM and how they affect the overall performance of the system. The performance of GDM systems for water and wastewater treatment is also evaluated. Finally, perspectives on the future research direction of ULPM filtration are also detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tok Sheng Hung
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (T.S.H.); (M.R.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (T.S.H.); (M.R.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Norazanita Shamsuddin
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (T.S.H.); (M.R.B.); (H.S.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (N.M.I.)
| | - Hazwani Suhaimi
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei; (T.S.H.); (M.R.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Noor Maizura Ismail
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jln UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (N.M.I.)
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), N29A, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (J.J.); (A.F.I.)
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), N29A, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia; (J.J.); (A.F.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stoffel D, Rigo E, Derlon N, Staaks C, Heijnen M, Morgenroth E, Jacquin C. Low maintenance gravity-driven membrane filtration using hollow fibers: Effect of reducing space for biofilm growth and control strategies on permeate flux. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152307. [PMID: 34914997 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The implementation of centralized drinking water treatment systems necessitates lower operational costs and improved biopolymer removal during ultrafiltration (UF), which can be afforded by gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration. However, prior to implementing GDM filtration in centralized systems, biofilm growth in compacted membrane configurations, such as inside-out hollow fiber (HF), and its impact on permeate flux need to be investigated. To this end, we operated modules with distinct limits on available space for biofilm growth: (1) outside-in 1.5 mm 7-capillary HF (non-limited), (2) inside-out 1.5 mm 7-capillary HF (limited), and (3) inside-out 0.9 mm 7-capillary HF (very limited). Here, we observed that the lower the space available for biofilm growth, the lower the permeate flux. To improve GDM performance with inside-out HF, we applied daily shear stress to the biofilm surface with forward flush (FF) or combined relaxation and forward flush (R+FF). We showed that applying shear stress to the biofilm surface was insufficient for controlling flux loss due to low available space for biofilm growth. At the experimental endpoint, we backwashed with a stepwise transmembrane pressure (TMP) increase or a single TMP on all inside-out HF modules, which removed the biofilm from its base. Afterwards, higher fluxes were yielded. We also showed that all modules exhibited a gradual increase in biopolymer removal followed by stabilization between 70 and 90%. Additionally, control of biofilm growth with surface shear stress did not affect biopolymer removal. In summary, the implementation of inside-out HF with GDM filtration is challenged by low available space for biofilm growth, but may be remedied with a regular backwash to remove biofilm from its base. We showed that a wider range of GDM applications are available; making GDM potentially compatible with implementation in centralized systems, if space limitation is taken into consideration for operation optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Stoffel
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Elvira Rigo
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Derlon
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Eberhard Morgenroth
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland; ETH Zürich, Institute of Environmental Engineering, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Jacquin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jin T, Peydayesh M, Mezzenga R. Membrane-based technologies for per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) removal from water: Removal mechanisms, applications, challenges and perspectives. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 157:106876. [PMID: 34534787 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water purification from per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), as a group of persistent and mobile fluoro-organic contaminants, is receiving increasing attention worldwide due to the ubiquitous presence of these highly toxic compounds. To reduce the risk of exposure of human life to PFASs and their dispersion in the environment, various techniques, primarily based on membrane technologies, have been rapidly developed. Here we critically review and analyze the current state-of-the-art of membrane-based techniques for PFASs removal, including direct membrane filtrations, adsorption-based membranes, and hybrid membrane processes. Membranes performance, treatment efficiencies, characteristic parameters and mechanisms for PFASs removal are discussed in detail. We highlight and discuss advantages and limitations, as well as challenges and prospects of individual membrane-based PFASs treatments, pointing towards the practical and sustainable application of these technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Jin
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Peydayesh
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- ETH Zurich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; ETH Zurich, Department of Materials, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zainuddin NI, Bilad MR, Marbelia L, Budhijanto W, Arahman N, Fahrina A, Shamsuddin N, Zaki ZI, El-Bahy ZM, Nandiyanto ABD, Gunawan P. Sequencing Batch Integrated Fixed-Film Activated Sludge Membrane Process for Treatment of Tapioca Processing Wastewater. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110875. [PMID: 34832104 PMCID: PMC8617780 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tapioca processing industries are very popular in the rural community to produce a variety of foods as the end products. Due to their small scales and scattered locations, they require robust modular systems to operate at low capacity with minimum supervision. This study explores the application of a novel sequencing batch-integrated fixed-film activated sludge membrane (SB-IFASM) process to treat tapioca processing wastewater for reuse purposes. The SB-IFASM employed a gravity-driven system and utilizes biofilm to enhance biodegradation without requiring membrane cleaning. The SB-IFASM utilizes the biofilm as a secondary biodegradation stage to enhance the permeate quality applicable for reuse. A lab-scale SB-IFASM was developed, preliminarily assessed, and used to treat synthetic tapioca processing industry wastewater. The results of short-term filtration tests showed the significant impact of hydrostatic pressure on membrane compaction and instant cake layer formation. Increasing the pressure from 2.2 to 10 kPa lowered the permeability of clean water and activated sludge from 720 to 425 and from 110 to 50 L/m2·h bar, respectively. The unsteady-state operation of the SB-IFASM showed the prominent role of the bio-cake in removing the organics reaching the permeate quality suitable for reuse. High COD removals of 63-98% demonstrated the prominence contribution of the biofilm in enhancing biological performance and ultimate COD removals of >93% make it very attractive for application in small-scale tapioca processing industries. However, the biological ecosystem was unstable, as shown by foaming that deteriorated permeability and was detrimental to the organic removal. Further developments are still required, particularly to address the biological stability and low permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izzati Zainuddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
| | - Muhammad Roil Bilad
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei;
- Correspondence: (M.R.B.); (N.A.)
| | - Lisendra Marbelia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (L.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Wiratni Budhijanto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jalan Grafika 2, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia; (L.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Nasrul Arahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
- Magister Program of Environmental Management, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (M.R.B.); (N.A.)
| | - Afrilia Fahrina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
| | - Norazanita Shamsuddin
- Faculty of Integrated Technologies, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei;
| | - Zaki Ismail Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zeinhom M. El-Bahy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt;
| | | | - Poernomo Gunawan
- School of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Relationships among Permeability, Membrane Roughness, and Eukaryote Inhabitation during Submerged Gravity-Driven Membrane (GDM) Filtration. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration is one of the promising technologies for decentralized water treatment systems due to its low cost, simple operation, and convenient maintenance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the permeability of submerged GDM filtration with three different membranes, i.e., polyethersulfone and polyvinylidene difluoride ultrafiltration (PES-UF and PVDF-UF) and polytetrafluoroethylene microfiltration membrane (PTFE-MF). The GDM system was operated using lake water for about one year. The determined average permeability values were high for PVDF-UF (192.9 L/m2/h/bar (LMH/bar)) and PTFE-MF (80.6 LMH/bar) and relatively lower for PES-UF (46.1 LMH/bar). The observed higher permeability for PVDF-UF and PTFE-MF was thought to be related to the rougher surface of these two membranes compared to PES-UF. The fouling layers of PVDF-UF and PTFE-MF were characterized by high biomass and the presence of a number of nematodes, while PES-UF showed a thin fouling layer with no nematode. The relatively high and fluctuated permeability of PVDF-UF and PTFE-MF could thus be attributed to the high biological activity of nematodes making the fouling layer more loose and porous. This was supported by a good linear relationship among the permeability, biomass concentration, and the number of nematodes in the fouling layers. These results provide important insights into membrane selection as a critical factor affecting the flux performance of the GDM filtration system for a decentralized drinking water supply.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang K, Lv B, Shen H, Jing G, Zhou Z. Coupling life cycle assessment with scenario analysis for sustainable management of Disperse blue 60. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:25197-25208. [PMID: 32347496 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable management of dyeing industry is of paramount importance in order to minimize resource consumption and reduce related environmental impacts. Herein, an environmental study is conducted wherein life cycle assessment (LCA) is applied to a two-scenario process for Disperse blue 60 production with short and long processing chains with different (a) material types, (b) consumptions, (c) processes, and (d) functional units with yields of 300 t/a. The most important influenced substances of the two scenarios were sodium cyanide and electricity next. Results proved that the largest damage of the dye production was attributed to resources and reached 46 and 62 kPt in the two scenarios. Compared with the conventional coal-fired power generation, damaged values of electricity from nature gas (NG) could reduce from 102 to 86 kPt in scenarios 1 and from 123 to 104 kPt in scenarios 2, respectively. When the electricity switched from NG to solar power, the values of the two scenarios could further decrease by 17 and 27 kPt, respectively. Therefore, the process of scenario 1 with the short process chain was more environmentally friendly for the production of Disperse blue 60 owing to the more efficient process and lower resource consumption. Graphic abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kexuan Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Bihong Lv
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China.
| | - Huazhen Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Guohua Jing
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Zuoming Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, Fujian, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen PH, Cheng YT, Ni BS, Huang JH. Continuous Cell Separation Using Microfluidic-Based Cell Retention Device with Alternative Boosted Flow. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 191:151-163. [PMID: 32086707 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of a continuous process for cell separation is growing rapidly due to the current trend of cost-effective manufacturing in biological industries. The continuous cell separation process has a significant reduction in capital equipment costs and facility size compared to the conventional batch process. In the study, a multi-layered microfluidic-based device integrated with the porous membranes was fabricated for continuous size-based isolation of the cells based on the mechanism of restrictive cross-flow filtration, allowing the biological sample entered in a single inlet of the device and separated into two outlet streams. One stream which contained the cells returned back to the original sample fluid, while another stream with conditioned medium only was collected for later applications. The membrane fouling issue was overcome by introducing the alternative flow rate consisted of a set of higher and lower flows. The device integrated with the controllable flow restriction allows to increase the permeate flow rate, and alternative boosted flow demonstrates the high permeate flow rate (0.3 mL/min), high cell viability (> 98%), and increase of cell concentration (48%). As a result, we believe that the microfluidic-based continuous cell separation system is a promising tool for downstream bioprocess.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Syuan Ni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Huang Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd., Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang X, He Y, Zhang B, Qin L, Yang Q, Huang H. Factors affecting microbiological quality of household drinking water supplied by small-scale ultrafiltration systems: A field study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:725-733. [PMID: 31280154 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Small scale ultrafiltration (UF) systems have been increasingly used in rural areas for drinking water supply, but their effectiveness in guarantying microbiological water safety at household level has rarely been assessed. Therefore, this study surveyed six representative villages where UF was utilized for full-scale drinking water supply for at least four years. At each village, the influent and the effluent from every stages of the treatment, as well as household tap water, were sampled and analyzed for microbiological indicating parameters, including total coliform count, Escherichia coli count, and heterotrophic plate count. The results were further assessed against current drinking water quality guidelines and standards. It was found that: (1) the qualification rate of household tap water samples varied substantially in the studied villages (0-75%), mainly due to the lack of post-disinfection and the occurrence of fecal contamination during water distribution; (2) UF appeared to be effective in controlling microbial contamination for small-scale systems with high-quality source water, while for systems using inferior source water, fecal contamination during water distribution necessitated continuous post-disinfection; and, (3) existing monitoring of membrane operational parameters cannot ensure microbial quality of treated water, and therefore, routine monitoring of microbial indicators in household water is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yankun He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Beichen Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lanlan Qin
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Haiou Huang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|