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Nguyen TBH, Van HT, Dang VM, Ha Tran TN, Nguyen TT, Hoang TK. Insight into chromium adsorption from contaminated soil using Mg/Al LDH-zeolite. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31084. [PMID: 38803945 PMCID: PMC11128915 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the effectiveness of Mg/Al LDH-zeolite (MALZ) in immobilizing exchangeable Cr (e-Cr) within the soil. The research systematically evaluated various variables affecting the immobilization of e-Cr in contaminated soil (CS), including soil pH levels (ranging from 5.0 to 9.0), different weight ratios of MALZ (1 %, 3 %, and 5 %), durations of differing incubation periods (15, 30 and 45 days), and different SM content levels (30 %, 50 %, and 70 %). The initial concentration of Cr in the CS was maintained at 50 mg/kg. The investigation findings revealed that the optimal conditions for immobilizing the e-Cr were a soil pH of 5.0, an MALZ weight ratio of 3 %, an incubation period of 30 days, and an SM level of 70 %. Under these ideal conditions, the percentage of e-Cr within the CS decreased significantly, from 87.49 % (45.64 mg/kg) in the control treatment (CT) to just 19.82 % (10.08 mg/kg) when incubated with MALZ. The primary mechanisms responsible for immobilizing the e-Cr onto MALZ included pore filling, reduction processes, co-precipitation, organic interactions and electrostatic attractions leading to the formation of carbonate-bound complexes such as Cr(VI)-carbonate, Cr(III)-carbonate, and organic complexes. Surface functional groups on MALZ, housing iron and aluminium oxyhydroxides and silicon and oxygen elements, expedited these procedures. This study provided a valuable understanding of the mitigation of soils contaminated with chromium and contributed to understanding the relations between MALZ and the e-Cr in the soil. The discoveries carry substantial consequences for the advancement of efficient remediation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thị Bich Hanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, TNU - University of Sciences, Tan Thinh ward, Thai Nguyen City, 25000, Viet Nam
- Faculty of Environment, TNU - University Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), Quyet thang Ward, Thai Nguyen City, 25000, Viet Nam
| | - Huu-Tap Van
- Center for Advanced Technology Development, Thai Nguyen University (TNU), Tan Thinh ward, Thai Nguyen City, 25000, Viet Nam
| | - Van Minh Dang
- Faculty of Environment, TNU - University Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), Quyet thang Ward, Thai Nguyen City, 25000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Ngoc Ha Tran
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, TNU - University of Sciences, Tan Thinh ward, Thai Nguyen City, 25000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Tuyet Nguyen
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, TNU - University of Sciences, Tan Thinh ward, Thai Nguyen City, 25000, Viet Nam
| | - Trung Kien Hoang
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, TNU - University of Sciences, Tan Thinh ward, Thai Nguyen City, 25000, Viet Nam
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Zhang Y, Chen M, Wang J, Deng Y, Li Z. A new method for assessment of electro-osmotic permeability through the integration of theoretical and experimental ion flux in electrokinetic processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132049. [PMID: 37478588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) technology is promising for removing heavy metals from contaminated unsaturated soils. It is crucial to accurately determine the unsaturated electro-osmotic permeability for predicting the efficiency of EK treatment, optimizing treatment strategies, and accurately predicting the distribution of contaminant concentrations. However, the current approach of estimating unsaturated electro-osmotic permeability, which involves measuring effective voltage, drainage volume, and performing exponential fitting, fails to address the issue of uneven voltage gradient distribution during EK treatment. Herein, a novel method was presented for estimating the electro-osmotic permeability of unsaturated porous media. This method quantifies the electro-osmotic flow in an unsaturated porous medium by considering the difference in mass-transfer efficiency (MTE) between real (with electro-osmotic flow) and hypothetical cases (without electro-osmotic flow). This difference serves as a metric for estimating the electro-osmotic permeability. Results revealed a linear relationship between the electro-osmotic permeability and the product of volumetric moisture content and tortuosity, with the slope related to the ionic mobility of target ions, hypothetical and actual MTE. To validate this method, hexavalent Cr (Cr(VI)) was selected as the target contaminant and six EK experiments were conducted with varying initial volumetric moisture content. The feasibility of the method was evaluated by fitting the results of these experiments to obtain the specific slope of the porous medium used. Compared to the existing effective voltage-drainage volume-exponential fitting method, the proposed method offers several advantages. First, it effectively addressed the issue of nonuniform voltage distribution during EK treatment in the unsaturated porous medium. Second, it overcame the problem of a nonzero electro-osmotic permeability at zero volumetric moisture content in the exponential empirical formula. Third, the proposed method was based on theoretical derivations instead of relying solely on empirical fitting. Finally, the proposed method does not require a prior estimate of the saturated electro-osmotic permeability of the porous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Environmental Management and Remediation, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China; School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China; Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Meng Chen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jinguo Wang
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Yirong Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Environmental Management and Remediation, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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Coupling electrokinetic with a cork-based permeable reactive barrier to prevent groundwater pollution: A case study on hexavalent chromium-contaminated soil. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Effective Remediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soils by EK-PRB of Fe/Mn/C-LDH: Performance, Characteristics, and Mechanism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074389. [PMID: 35410068 PMCID: PMC8998996 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is highly toxic and carcinogenic. The aim of the present work is to develop a good remediation technique for arsenic-contaminated soils. Here, a novel remediation technique by coupling electrokinetics (EK) with the permeable reactive barriers (PRB) of Fe/Mn/C-LDH composite was applied for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils. The influences of electric field strength, PRB position, moisture content and PRB filler type on the removal rate of arsenic from the contaminated soils were studied. The Fe/Mn/C-LDH filler synthesized by using bamboo as a template retained the porous characteristics of the original bamboo, and the mass percentage of Fe and Mn elements was 37.85%. The setting of PRB of Fe/Mn/C-LDH placed in the middle was a feasible option, with the maximum and average soil leaching toxicity removal rates of 95.71% and 88.03%, respectively. When the electric field strength was 2 V/cm, both the arsenic removal rate and economic aspects were optimal. The maximum and average soil leaching toxicity removal rates were similar to 98.40% and 84.49% of 3 V/cm, respectively. Besides, the soil moisture content had negligible effect on the removal of arsenic but slight effect on leaching toxicity. The best leaching toxicity removal rate was achieved when the soil moisture content was 35%, neither higher nor lower moisture content in the range of 25-45% was conducive to the improvement of leaching toxicity removal rate. The results showed that the EK-PRB technique could effectively remove arsenic from the contaminated soils. Characterizations of Fe/Mn/C-LDH indicated that the electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, and surface functional group complexation were the primary ways to remove arsenic.
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Zhang Y, Boparai HK, Wang J, Sleep BE. Effect of low permeability zone location on remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated media by electrokinetics combined with a modified-zeolite barrier. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:127785. [PMID: 34801309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Research on electrokinetics-permeable reactive barrier (EK-PRB) remediation to date has mainly focused on homogeneous soils or soils with micro-scale heterogeneities. The potential impact of macro-scale physical heterogeneities, such as stratified layers or lenses, on EK-PRB remediation has not received much attention. This study investigates the effect of a low permeability stratum on EK-PRB remediation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Sandbox experiments were conducted to treat Cr(VI)-contaminated kaolinite/sand media, consisting of vertically-layered high permeability (HPZ) and low permeability zones (LPZ), where distance between LPZ and anode (DLA) was 3, 9, or 15 cm. Parameters including current, moisture content (MC), pH, and removal of Cr(VI) were evaluated. With 72 h of EK-PRB treatment, tests with larger DLA (15 cm) had greater Cr(VI) migration from contaminated area to modified-zeolite PRB. Cr(VI), Cr(III), and Cr(Total) removal and energy utilization efficiency followed the trend as: DLA-15 > DLA-9 > DLA-3. MC generally decreased from anode towards cathode and pH was alkaline in all the zones for DLA-3 and DLA-15. In DLA-9 (LPZ in the middle), MC increased and pH was alkaline in HPZs near cathode whereas HPZs near anode were very dry (MC < 1%) and acidic (pH < 5.5). Our results show that the location of LPZ relative to electrode locations has a significant influence on Cr(VI) removal efficiency and macro-scale physical heterogeneity is an important factor to be considered during EK-PRB remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China; Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Hardijleet K Boparai
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Jinguo Wang
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Brent E Sleep
- Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
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Ma C, Li J, Xia W, Ding Y, Zhang L, Xu Y. Effect of additives on the remediation of arsenic and chromium co-contaminated soil by an electrokinetic-permeable reactive barrier. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11966-11975. [PMID: 34558049 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the remediation efficiency of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr)co-contaminated soil, the effect of various combinations of reducing and chelating agents on the removal of As and Cr was studied in the present work by using electrokinetic technology coupled with a permeable reactive barrier (EK-PRB). In an experiment with EK-PRB, reducing agents (ascorbic acid and citric acid) and chelating agents (EDTA-2Na) were applied together with CaAl-layered double hydroxide (CaAl-LDH) to pretreat As and Cr co-contaminated soil. The chelating agents increased the removal efficiency of As and Cr, while the reducing agent only improved As removal in co-contaminated soil. The best removal efficiencies of As and Cr were 41.2% and 46.8%, respectively. The reducing agents promoted the production of As(III) and enhanced the migration of As. However, a large amount of Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), which affected the migration of Cr. Although the addition of chelating agents partly increased the migration of Cr(III), the removal of total chromium (TCr) still decreased. In this remediation system, a PRB can effectively capture and fix As and Cr. The results indicated that As was mainly adsorbed on the surface of CaAl-LDH, while the surface adsorption and intercalation of CaAl-LDH were the main mechanisms for Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzi Ma
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangpeng Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ding
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Prakash AA, Rajasekar A, Sarankumar RK, AlSalhi MS, Devanesan S, Aljaafreh MJ, Govarthanan M, Sayed SRM. Metagenomic analysis of microbial community and its role in bioelectrokinetic remediation of tannery contaminated soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 412:125133. [PMID: 33524735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tanneries create a serious threat to the environment by generating a significant amount of toxic metal-containing solid waste. This study deals with the application of bio-electrokinetic remediation (Bio-EK) of tannery effluent contaminated soil (TECS). Metagenomes representing the TECS sample were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq platform. The bioreduction of hexavalent chromium Cr(VI)to trivalent chromium Cr (III) was achieved by BIO-EK techniques. NGS-data (Next Generation Sequencing) analysis was revealed that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes were identified in the bio-electrokinetic system. Proteobacteria are responsible for the bioreduction of chromium hexavalent by the formation of FeS particles. The bio-generated FeS particles can be reduced the toxic chromium (VI) to non-toxic chromium (III) in soil. Simultaneously total chromium and organic content were significantly removed in BIO-EK (40 and 290 mg kg-1) when compared to control soil (182 and 240 mg kg-1). The presence of pollutant degrading microbes such as Desulfovibrio, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Clostridium, Halanaerobium enhanced the bioreduction of the chromium during the electrokinetic remediation. This study can be claimed that the microbial cultures assisted electrokinetic remediation of total chromium, organic and iron in the tannery effluent contaminated soil was one of the suitable efficient techniques. In addition, the viability of the new combination technology developed (Electrokinetic + Bio) to treat low-permeability polluted soils was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Arul Prakash
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Raja Kumaresan Sarankumar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box -2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box -2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamduh J Aljaafreh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box -2455, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.
| | - Shaban R M Sayed
- Electron Microscope Unit, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Li H, Zheng Y, Yu L, Lin H, Zhang M, Jiao B, Shiau Y, Li D. Efficient electrokinetic remediation of heavy metals from MSWI fly ash using approaching anode integrated with permeable reactive barrier. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22156-22169. [PMID: 33417130 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During electrokinetic remediation (EKR) of heavy metals (HMs) (Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd) from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash enhanced by a permeable reactive barrier (PRB), the nearer to the anode, the higher the concentration of H+ ions and the greater the remediation effect. Therefore, a potentially new method of PRB-enhanced EKR using an approaching anode (A-EKR + PRB) was studied to help H+ ions to quickly migrate to the sample near the cathode. Consequently, the HM leaching and total concentrations were reduced, while an energy reduction of nearly 40% was achieved. The results showed that the best remediation ability was obtained when MSWI fly ash was treated for 16 days at a voltage gradient of 2.5 V/cm, the approaching anode was moved after 4 days, and the PRB contained 10 g of activated carbon. After remediation, the environmental risk analysis showed that A-EKR + PRB reduced all the fractions of HMs, especially the acid extractable and oxidizable fractions, which might have been due to the enhancement of acid dissolution and oxidation by the approaching anode. In addition, the environmental risks of the remaining HMs were reduced, and the results indicated that A-EKR + PRB is an advisable choice for remediation of MSWI fly ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Lin Yu
- City College of Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Huirong Lin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Hazardous Waste Integrated Disposal, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Manli Zhang
- Chongqing Solid Waste Management Center, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Binquan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
- City College of Science and Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - YanChyuan Shiau
- Department of Construction Management, Chung Hua University, No. 707, Wufu Rd., Sec. 2, Hsinchu, 30012, Taiwan.
| | - Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Wen D, Fu R, Li Q. Removal of inorganic contaminants in soil by electrokinetic remediation technologies: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123345. [PMID: 32763678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The soil contaminated by inorganic contaminants including heavy metals, radioactive elements and salts has been posing risks for human health and ecological environment, which has been widely paid attention in recent years. The electrokinetic remediation (EKR) technology is recognized as the most potential separation technology, which is commonly used to clean sites that are contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants. It is the most suitable remediation technology for low permeability porous matrices. The main transport mechanism of pollutants in EKR include electromigration, electroosmosis and electrophoresis, coupled with electrolysis and geochemical reactions. Although arduous endeavors have been carried out to build optimal operating conditions and reveal the mechanism of EKR process, a systematic theoretical foundation hasn't been sorted yet. A comprehensive review on electrokinetic remediation of inorganic contaminants in soil is given in this study, and a more systematic theoretical foundation is sorted out according to the latest theoretical achievements. This theoretical system mainly focuses on the scientific and practical aspects of the application of EKR technology in soil remediation, by which we try to dig into the core of this technology. It contains key motive power of electric phenomena, side effects, energy consumption and supply, and removal of heavy metals, radioactive elements and salts in soil during EKR. In addition, correlations between dehydration, crystallization effect, focusing effect and thermal effect are disclosed; optimal operating conditions for the removal of heavy metals by EKR and EKR coupled with PRB are discussed and sorted out. Also discussed herein is the relationship between energy allocation and energy saving. According to the related findings, some potential improvements are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wen
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management & Remediation of Soil & Groundwater, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rongbing Fu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management & Remediation of Soil & Groundwater, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management & Remediation of Soil & Groundwater, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Zhou H, Xu J, Lv S, Liu Z, Liu W. Removal of cadmium in contaminated kaolin by new-style electrokinetic remediation using array electrodes coupled with permeable reactive barrier. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Xu Y, Li J, Xia W, Sun Y, Qian G, Zhang J. Enhanced remediation of arsenic and chromium co-contaminated soil by eletrokinetic-permeable reactive barriers with different reagents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:3392-3403. [PMID: 30511220 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3842-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present work focused on the effects of different reagents on the remediation of arsenic and chromium co-contaminated soil by electrokinetic technology coupled with permeable reactive barrier (EK-PRB). In a running of EK-PRB, reductant (ascorbic acid, sodium citrate) and chelating agent (EDTA-2Na) were used to pretreat contaminated soil together with CaAl-LDH as reactive materials for PRB. As a result, the chelating agent improved the removals of As and Cr in co-contaminated soil. However, the reducing agent only increased As removal. When 0.05 M sodium citrate was used in pretreatment, the As removal attained the maximum of 50.5%, although Cr removal was only 44.1% at the same time. When the contaminated soil was pretreated with 0.01 M EDTA-2Na, the Cr removal increased to 54.28%, although As removal was only 26.3%. After EK-PRB, the As and Cr were efficiently captured by CaAl-LDH, resulting in maximal fixed amounts of 126.5 mg/kg (As) and 1507.6 mg/kg (Cr). The XRD and FITR analyses of LDH indicated that As was mainly adsorbed on the surface of LDH. As for Cr, it was mainly intercalated into interlayer of LDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangpeng Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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