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Liu Y, Ma J, Li F, Zeng X, Wu Z, Huang Y, Xue Y, Wang Y. High Concentrations of Se Inhibited the Growth of Rice Seedlings. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1580. [PMID: 38891388 PMCID: PMC11174541 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is crucial for both plants and humans, with plants acting as the main source for human Se intake. In plants, moderate Se enhances growth and increases stress resistance, whereas excessive Se leads to toxicity. The physiological mechanisms by which Se influences rice seedlings' growth are poorly understood and require additional research. In order to study the effects of selenium stress on rice seedlings, plant phenotype analysis, root scanning, metal ion content determination, physiological response index determination, hormone level determination, quantitative PCR (qPCR), and other methods were used. Our findings indicated that sodium selenite had dual effects on rice seedling growth under hydroponic conditions. At low concentrations, Se treatment promotes rice seedling growth by enhancing biomass, root length, and antioxidant capacity. Conversely, high concentrations of sodium selenite impair and damage rice, as evidenced by leaf yellowing, reduced chlorophyll content, decreased biomass, and stunted growth. Elevated Se levels also significantly affect antioxidase activities and the levels of proline, malondialdehyde, metal ions, and various phytohormones and selenium metabolism, ion transport, and antioxidant genes in rice. The adverse effects of high Se concentrations may directly disrupt protein synthesis or indirectly induce oxidative stress by altering the absorption and synthesis of other compounds. This study aims to elucidate the physiological responses of rice to Se toxicity stress and lay the groundwork for the development of Se-enriched rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Y.L.)
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Xu Z, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Cui H, Liu R, Shang G. Factors controlling accumulation and bioavailability of selenium in paddy soils: A case study in Luxi County, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123196. [PMID: 38145641 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) has become a major global concern. Se offers multiple health benefits in humans; however, its inadequate or excessive intake can be harmful. Therefore, determining the factors driving Se abundance and bioavailability in paddy soils is essential to ensure the safety of human Se intake. This study investigated the accumulation, bioavailability, and distribution of Se in 820 paddy soil and rice grain samples from Luxi County, China to assess how soil properties (soil organic matter [SOM], cation exchange capacity [CEC], and pH), geographical factors (parent materials, elevation, and mean annual precipitation [MAP] and temperature [MAT]), and essential micronutrients (copper [Cu], zinc [Zn], and manganese [Mn]) govern Se accumulation and bioavailability in paddy soils. Results showed that the average soil Se content was 0.36 mg kg-1, which was higher than that in China (0.29 mg kg-1). Alternatively, the average rice grain Se content was 0.032 mg kg-1, which was lower than the minimum allowable content in Se-rich rice grains (0.04 mg kg-1). Five studied parent materials all had a significant effect on soil Se content but had little effect on Se bioavailability (p < 0.05). CEC, elevation, and SOM, as well as the soil contents of Cu, Zn, and Mn were positively correlated with soil Se content, but pH, MAP, and MAT were negatively correlated. Correspondingly, Se bioavailability was negatively correlated with SOM and soil Zn content, but positively correlated with MAP and grain contents of Cu, Zn, and Mn. Furthermore, partial least squares path analysis revealed the interactive impacts of the influencing factors on Se accumulation and bioavailability in soils. On this basis, prediction models were established to predict Se accumulation and bioavailability in paddy soils, thereby providing theoretical support for developing efficient control measures to meet Se challenges in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqian Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Yuzhou Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Haojie Cui
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Rui Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, China
| | - Guiduo Shang
- National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan, 410128, China
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Shi T, Wang Y, Li Y, Sui X, Dong CH. Generation of selenium-rich wheat mutants and exploration of responsive genes for selenium accumulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:132. [PMID: 38687389 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Salt tolerance, selenium accumulation and expression of the responsive genes were analyzed in the wheat high selenium mutants. Selenium is an essential trace element for the human body, and its deficiency can lead to various diseases such as Keshan disease and large bone disease. Wheat, being a major staple crop, plays a crucial role in providing dietary selenium supplementation to combat this deficiency. Despite progress in understanding the molecular regulation of selenium accumulation in certain crops, the molecular mechanisms governing selenium accumulation-related gene expression in wheat plants remain poorly understood. In this study, three mutant wheat lines with elevated selenium content were identified. Under the treatment of Na2SeO3 or NaCl, the selenium-rich wheat mutants exhibited decreased sensitivity to both selenium and NaCl compared to the wild type. Additionally, there was an increase in the activities of SOD and POD, while the content of MDA decreased. Through qRT-PCR analysis, the expression of selenium-related genes was affected, revealing that some of these genes not only regulate the response of wheat to salt stress, but also play a role in the process of selenium accumulation. The transcriptome results revealed that the important genes encoding glutathione S-transferases, peroxidases, superoxide dismutases, and UDP-glucosyltransferases may function in the regulation of salt tolerance and selenium accumulation in wheat. These findings significantly contribute to the current understanding of the molecular regulation of selenium accumulation in wheat crops, while also offering novel germplasm resources for cultivating selenium-rich and salt-tolerant wheat lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuetong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xinying Sui
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chun-Hai Dong
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Niu S, Wang Z, Yin X, Liu X, Qin L, Farooq MR, Danso OP, Zhang Z, Luo Q, Sun C, Song J. A preliminary predictive model for selenium nutritional status in residents based on three selenium biomarkers. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 81:127347. [PMID: 37995511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient and an important component of many selenoproteins that possess fundamental importance to human health. Selenium deficiency and excess will cause corresponding diseases in the human body. The nutritional health of Se in the human body mainly depends on the daily dietary Se intake of the human body, which in turn depends to a certain extent on the content of Se transmitted along the food chain. This study aims to research the transport of Se through the soil-crop-human chain in regions with different Se levels, and to establish the model between the residents' dietary Se intake and the three Se biomarkers (hair, nails, and plasma), to predict the nutritional health status of Se in residents through Se biomarkers. METHOD Carry out field and cross-sectional surveys of populations in Loujiaba Village and Longshui Village. Samples were collected from soil, crops, drinking water, residents' hair, nails, plasma, and diet. The concentration of available Se fractions was extracted from soil samples using 0.1 mol/L K2HPO4. The concentration of total Se for all samples was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the relative standard deviation was less than 5%. In this study, hair, nails, and blood samples were collected from volunteers according to the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethics Committee of Soochow University. The dietary nutritional structure and dietary Se intake of the population were randomly selected by 12 volunteers using the duplicate portion method. Data were described using mean ± standard deviation. We performed saliency analysis and correlation analysis (with Pearson correlation coefficient), and fitted a regression to evaluate the associations between these variables. RESULTS The soil total Se (5201 ± 609.2 μg/kg) and available Se (307.7 ± 83.5 μg/kg) in Luojiaba Village (LJB) were significantly higher than the soil total Se (229.2 ± 32.5 μg/kg) and available Se (21.9 ± 4.0 μg/kg) in Longshui Village (LS). The residents' dietary Se intake of LJB (150.3 ± 2.2 μg/d) was within the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended intake range, while LS (16.0 ± 0.4 μg/d) was close to the range of Keshan disease occurrence, and there was a risk of insufficient Se intake. The correlation analysis found significant positive correlations between residents' dietary Se intake and the three Se biomarkers. According to the preliminary model established in this study, if the daily dietary Se intake of residents reaches the WHO recommended value of 55-400 μg, the hair, nails, and plasma of Se concentration will be 522.1-2850.5 μg/kg, 1069.0-6147.4 μg/kg, and 128.3-661.36 μg/L, respectively. CONCLUSION Selenium is transmitted through the soil-crop-human chain, and the Se concentration that enters the human body through the food chain in high-Se areas is significantly higher than that in low-Se areas. The nutritional health status of Se in the human body depends on the daily dietary intake of the human body, and there is a significant correlation between the daily dietary Se intake of the human body and the three biomarkers of Se levels in the human body, so the three biomarkers can be used to evaluate the Se nutritional health of the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Niu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zhangmin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Bio-Engineering Research Center for Selenium, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-tech Institute, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xuebin Yin
- Institute of Functional Agriculture (Food) Science and Technology at Yangtze River Delta, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, Anhui, China; Jiangsu Bio-Engineering Research Center for Selenium, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China; Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-tech Institute, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Liqiang Qin
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhammad Raza Farooq
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Ofori Prince Danso
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Zezhou Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, Anhui, China; Institute of Functional Agriculture (Food) Science and Technology at Yangtze River Delta, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, Anhui, China; Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-tech Institute, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Luo
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Heifei 230026, Anhui, China; Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-tech Institute, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenlu Sun
- Nanjing Institute for Functional Agriculture Science & Technology (iFAST), Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaping Song
- School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, Anhui, China; Institute of Functional Agriculture (Food) Science and Technology at Yangtze River Delta, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, Anhui, China; Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-tech Institute, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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Ren H, Zhou P, Shen X. Abnormal Phenylalanine Metabolism of Procapra przewalskii in Chronic Selenosis in Selenium-Enriched Habitats. Metabolites 2023; 13:982. [PMID: 37755262 PMCID: PMC10537570 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se)-enriched habitats have led to chronic selenosis, seriously affecting the health and survival of Procapra przewalskii (P. przewalskii). Our targets were to explore the molecular mechanisms of chronic selenosis and to look for a new way to protect endangered species. The mineral contents of soils, grass, blood, and muscle were analyzed. The biochemical indices, antioxidant capability, and immune function were also investigated. The analyses of proteomics and metabolomics were also carried out. The results showed that the Se contents in the muscle and blood of P. przewalskii, and the soil and grass in the Se-enriched habitats were significantly higher than those in healthy pastures. The P. przewalskii in the Se-enriched habitats showed symptoms of anemia, decreased antioxidant capability, and low immune function. A total of 44 differential proteins and 36 differential metabolites were screened by analyzing their proteomics and metabolomics. These differential proteins and metabolites were involved in glycolysis pathway, amino acid biosynthesis, carbon metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and energy metabolism. In particular, phenylalanine metabolism was the common pathway of proteomics and metabolomics, which was an important finding in studying the mechanism of chronic selenosis in animals. This study will help us to further understand the mechanism of chronic selenosis in P. przewalskii, and it provides a scientific basis for the protection of endangered species in Se-enriched habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ren
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China;
| | - Ping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China;
| | - Xiaoyun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China;
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- World Bank Poverty Alleviation Project Office in Guizhou, Guiyang 550004, China
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Zhang L, Ning J, Liu G, Tong L, Gan Y, Li C, Yang W, Pi K. Mechanisms of changing speciation and bioavailability of selenium in agricultural mollisols of northern cold regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159897. [PMID: 36336061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The distribution, speciation, and bioavailability of selenium (Se) - an essential micronutrient for human beings - in agricultural soils influence the resource recovery of agricultural benefits and the sustainable use of Se in agroecosystems. Quantitative understanding in this regard however remains limited in the world's mollisol agroecosystems, despite their critical importance in securing global food supply. Herein, a systematic investigation of Se in the river sediment-irrigation water-mollisols-rhizosphere-rice seeds continuum, at the core zone of the northern mollisol regions, was conducted to elucidate the hydrological-hydrogeochemical processes and mechanisms responsible for the distribution and bioavailability of Se. The content of total Se in the mollisols ranged between 0.12 and 0.54 mg/kg with an average of 0.31 mg/kg. At the riverside flood plains, humic-acid bound Se accounted on average for 39 % of total Se. This pool of Se can be transformed to water-soluble and ion-exchangeable Se(VI), supporting a higher potential of Se bioavailability at riparian agricultural mollisols. For mollisol lands far from the river channels, the topography affects the speciation and partitioning of Se presumably through regulating water retention and organic matter transport. Moreover, altering pH and redox conditions in response to irrigation with the river water may boost Se bioavailability in weakly acidic and high Eh mollisols. It can be in part ascribed to the transformation of organic-bound Se along with infiltrated oxygenated water that leads to the increase of water-soluble and ion-exchangeable Se. These findings reinforce that hydrological-hydrogeochemical perturbations due to irrigation with surface water need to be assessed carefully in the management of Se resources in the mollisol agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Evolution and Ecological Effect, Ministry of Natural Resources, 110034 Shenyang, China; Natural Resources Survey Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 150036 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Black Soil and Water Resources Research of Heilongjiang Province, 150036 Harbin, China
| | - Junna Ning
- School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil Evolution and Ecological Effect, Ministry of Natural Resources, 110034 Shenyang, China; Shenyang Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, 110034 Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil and Water Resources Research of Heilongjiang Province, 150036 Harbin, China; School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Yiqun Gan
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil and Water Resources Research of Heilongjiang Province, 150036 Harbin, China; School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Chenglu Li
- Natural Resources Survey Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 150036 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Black Soil and Water Resources Research of Heilongjiang Province, 150036 Harbin, China
| | - Wenpeng Yang
- Natural Resources Survey Institute of Heilongjiang Province, 150036 Harbin, China; Key Laboratory of Black Soil and Water Resources Research of Heilongjiang Province, 150036 Harbin, China
| | - Kunfu Pi
- Key Laboratory of Black Soil and Water Resources Research of Heilongjiang Province, 150036 Harbin, China; School of Environmental Studies & State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 430074 Wuhan, China.
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Li X, Luo Y, Zeng C, Zhong Q, Xiao Z, Mao X, Cao F. Selenium accumulation in plant foods and selenium intake of residents in a moderately selenium-enriched area of Mingyueshan, Yichun, China. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chen Y, Deng Y, Wu X, Zhang D, Wang F, Liu K, Lu S. The levels of selenium in tea from China and associated human exposure. J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.104567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Comparation of Se accumulation and distribution of two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars with high- and low- Se efficiency as affected by exogenous application of selenite. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tuning of the Amount of Se in Rice ( Oryza sativa) Grain by Varying the Nature of the Irrigation Method: Development of an ICP-MS Analytical Protocol, Validation and Application to 26 Different Rice Genotypes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081861. [PMID: 32316646 PMCID: PMC7221937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The amount of specific trace elements like selenium (Se) may be of health concern for humans if contained in too high (or low) quantities in staple foods like rice. Among the attempts aimed to optimize the Se concentration in rice, only few studies have been focused on the use of irrigation methods other than continuous flooding. Since intermittent irriguous methods, like sprinkler and saturation, have found to be effective in modifying the bioaccumulation of arsenic and cadmium in rice kernels, the main goal of this study is to measure the amount of the total Se contained in grains of 26 rice genotypes cultivated for two consecutive agrarian vintages in the same open field and with the same water, but differently irrigated with continuous flooding, sprinkler or saturation. To do this, an original and validated ICP-MS method has been developed. The validation parameters accounted for a high sensitivity and accuracy. Sprinkler irrigation is able to reduce in the average of 90% the amount of total Se in kernels in comparison to values measured in rice irrigated with continuous flooding. In conclusion, different irrigation techniques and rice genotypes seem to be valuable tools in order to allow in the future the customized modulation of the Se concentration in rice grain according to the needs of the various populations.
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Dai Z, Imtiaz M, Rizwan M, Yuan Y, Huang H, Tu S. Dynamics of Selenium uptake, speciation, and antioxidant response in rice at different panicle initiation stages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:827-834. [PMID: 31326806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element in animals and humans, and its deficiency may cause conditions such as cardiac disease. The production of Se-enriched rice is one of the most important ways to supply Se in the human body, and thus, understanding of the mechanisms of Se-enriched rice is of great significance. A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Se addition on the growth, antioxidation, Se uptake and distribution, and Se speciation in three different stages of panicle initiation stage (i.e., pistil and stamen formation stage, pollen mother cell formation stage, pollen mother cell meiosis stage) and the maturity stage. The results showed that soil Se application significantly increased Se uptake in rice. Low rates of Se (<5 mg kg-1) application enhanced the plant growth and rice yield. Se speciation assays showed that SeCys and SeMet were the two main forms found in rice, of which SeMet accounted for 65.5%-100% in the ears and leaves, while SeCys accounted for 61.4%-75.6% in brown rice. SeMet was also the main Se-species found in different subcellular parts at the panicle initiation stage. However, inorganic Se was present in brown rice, mainly as Se(VI), when the soil Se addition exceeded 5 mg kg-1. Lower rates of Se (<5 mg kg-1) promoted the antioxidant capacity, while high levels of Se (≥5 mg kg-1) reduced the antioxidant capacity of rice. The results indicate that Se effects are dose dependent, and the suitable amount of soil Se application for Se-enriched rice production would be <5 mg kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hengliang Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Shuxin Tu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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