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Zhang X, Ma Z, Hao P, Ji S, Gao Y. Characteristics and health impacts of bioaerosols in animal barns: A comprehensive study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 278:116381. [PMID: 38676963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Bioaerosols produced during animal production have potential adverse effects on the health of workers and animals. Our objective was to investigate characteristics, antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), and health risks of bioaerosols in various animal barns. Poultry and swine barns had high concentrations of airborne bacteria (11156 and 10917 CFU/m3, respectively). Acinetobacter, Clostridium sensu stricto, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus were dominant pathogenic bacteria in animal barns, with Firmicutes being the most abundant bacterial phylum. Based on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), there were more discriminative biomarkers in cattle barns than in poultry or swine barns, although the latter had the highest abundance of bacterial pathogens and high abundances of ARGs (including tetM, tetO, tetQ, tetW sul1, sul2, ermA, ermB) and intI1). Based on network analyses, there were higher co-occurrence patterns between bacteria and ARGs in bioaerosol from swine barns. Furthermore, in these barns, relative abundance of bacteria in bioaerosol samples was greatly affected by environmental factors, mainly temperature, relative humidity, and concentrations of CO2, NH3, and PM2.5. This study provided novel data regarding airborne bio-contaminants in animal enclosures and an impetus to improve management to reduce potential health impacts on humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhenhua Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Peng Hao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shaoze Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agriculture University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Bist RB, Yang X, Subedi S, Ritz CW, Kim WK, Chai L. Electrostatic particle ionization for suppressing air pollutants in cage-free layer facilities. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103494. [PMID: 38335670 PMCID: PMC10864805 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for cage-free (CF) poultry farming raises concern regarding air pollutant emissions in these housing systems. Previous studies have indicated that air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and ammonia (NH3) pose substantial risks to the health of birds and workers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of electrostatic particle ionization (EPI) technology with different lengths of ion precipitators in reducing air pollutants and investigate the relationship between PM reduction and electricity consumption. Four identical CF rooms were utilized, each accommodating 175 hens of 77 wk of age (WOA). A Latin Square Design method was employed, with 4 treatment lengths: T1 = control (0 m), T2 = 12 ft (3.7 m), T3 = 24 ft (7.3 m), and T4 = 36 ft (11.0 m), where room and WOA are considered as blocking factors. Daily PM concentrations, temperature, and humidity measurements were conducted over 24 h, while NH3 levels, litter moisture content (LMC), and ventilation were measured twice a week in each treatment room. Statistical analysis involved ANOVA, and mean comparisons were performed using the Tukey HSD method with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. This study found that the EPI system with longer wires reduced PM2.5 concentrations (P ≤ 0.01). Treatment T2, T3, and T4 led to reductions in PM2.5 by 12.1%, 19.3%, and 31.7%, respectively, and in small particle concentrations (particle size >0.5 μm) by 18.0%, 21.1%, and 32.4%, respectively. However, no significant differences were observed for PM10 and large particles (particle size >2.5 μm) (P < 0.10), though the data suggests potential reductions in PM10 (32.7%) and large particles (33.3%) by the T4 treatment. Similarly, there was no significant impact of treatment on NH3 reduction (P = 0.712), possibly due to low NH3 concentration (<2 ppm) and low LMC (<13%) among treatment rooms. Electricity consumption was significantly related to the length of the EPI system (P ≤ 0.01), with longer lengths leading to higher consumption rates. Overall, a longer-length EPI corona pipe is recommended for better air pollutant reduction in CF housing. Further research should focus on enhancing EPI technology, assessing cost-effectiveness, and exploring combinations with other PM reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Bahadur Bist
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sachin Subedi
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Casey W Ritz
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lilong Chai
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Li J, Kong Y, Guo Z, Qu L, Zhang Z, Qu Z, Wang H, Chai T, Li N. Maternal exposure to particulate matter from duck houses restricts fetal growth due to inflammatory damage and oxidative stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116114. [PMID: 38367608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The composition of particulate matter (PM) in poultry farms differs significantly from that of atmospheric PM as there is a higher concentration of microbes on farms. To assess the health effects of PM from poultry farms on pregnant animals, we collected PM from duck houses using a particulate sampler, processed it via centrifugation and vacuum concentration, and subsequently exposed the mice to airborne PM at 0.48 mg/m3 (i.e., low concentration group) and 1.92 mg/m3 (i.e., high concentration group) on the fifth day of pregnancy. After exposure until the twentieth day of pregnancy or spontaneous delivery, mice were euthanized for sampling. The effects of PM from duck houses on the pregnancy toxicity of mice were analyzed using histopathological analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that exposure to PM had adverse effects on pregnant mice that reduced their feed intake in both groups. Microscopic lesions were observed in the lungs and placentas of pregnant mice, and the lesions worsened with increased PM concentrations, as shown by alveolar wall thickening, the infiltration of inflammatory cells in pulmonary interstitium, congestion, edema, and cellular degeneration of placenta. In pregnant mice in the high concentration group, exposure to PM significantly increased the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the lungs and placentas, caused oxidative stress, and decreased estrogen level in the blood. Exposure to PM also resulted in the reduced litter sizes of pregnant mice and shorter body and tail lengths in the fetuses delivered. Beyond that, exposure to PM significantly downregulated the levels of antioxidant factor superoxide dismutase and neurotrophic factor Ngf in the brains of fetuses. Collectively, exposure to a high concentration of PM by inhalation among pregnant mice caused significant pregnancy toxicity that led to abnormal fetal development due to inflammatory damage and oxidative stress. These findings established a foundation for future studies on the underlying mechanisms of pregnancy toxicity induced by exposure to PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province71018, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Yuxin Kong
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province71018, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Zhiyun Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province71018, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Lei Qu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province71018, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Zhaopeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province71018, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Zhengxiu Qu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province71018, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province71018, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Tongjie Chai
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province71018, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
| | - Ning Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province71018, China; Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin Shandong Province, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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Elahi E, Li G, Han X, Zhu W, Liu Y, Cheng A, Yang Y. Decoupling livestock and poultry pollution emissions from industrial development: A step towards reducing environmental emissions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 350:119654. [PMID: 38016232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
China has implemented policies like Leading areas for Agricultural Green Development (LAGD) to mitigate livestock and poultry farming pollution while promoting industry growth. However, it remains uncertain whether LAGDs have successfully balanced emission reduction with stable development. This study examines 165 LAGDs to analyze changes in emissions, assess the decoupling of emission reduction from output value, and identify influencing factors. Findings reveal that emissions from livestock and poultry in LAGDs initially increased and then decreased between 2010 and 2019. Cattle were responsible for over 40% of fecal emissions, and pigs for more than 20%. Additionally, pigs contributed to over 61% of urine emissions. From 2010 to 2014, increases in chemical oxygen demand were mainly due to pigs and cattle. Total nitrogen levels were significantly impacted by cattle, while pigs were affected by total phosphorus. From 2014 to 2019, reductions in emissions were largely attributed to a decrease in pig-related pollutants. The decoupling status shifted from strong to weak and then back to strong between 2014 and 2019. Production efficiency played a crucial role in reducing emissions, while changes in industrial structure moved from supporting to hindering this reduction. Economic development was a primary factor in driving these changes. Standard emissions in Chinese regions showed a rising and then declining trend from 2010 to 2019. The Northeast and Northwest regions of China demonstrated emission trends that were in sync with the growth in rural income. This study offers insights into the successes and challenges of LAGDs in achieving a balance between reduced emissions and development, using quantitative analysis. The findings are instrumental in informing policies for a sustainable livestock and poultry industry. Recommendations include evaluating coordinated approaches to pollution reduction and industrial growth, setting decoupling goals, designing policies based on influential factors, conducting regional assessments of livestock and poultry demand, and implementing region-specific strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Elahi
- School of Economics, Shandong University of Technology (SDUT), Zibo, 255049, Shandong, China.
| | - Guojing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xinru Han
- Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Center for Strategic Studies, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Chinese Institute of Agricultural Development Strategies, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Wenbo Zhu
- Rural Development Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - An Cheng
- Wu Jinglian School of Economics, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Yadong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-Arid Arable Land in Northern China, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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5
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Liu T, Li G, Liu Z, Xi L, Ma W, Gao X. Characteristics of aerosols from swine farms: A review of the past two-decade progress. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108074. [PMID: 37441818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of large-scale and intensive swine production, the emission of aerosols from swine farms has become a growing concern, attracting extensive attention. While aerosols are found in various environments, those from swine farms are distinguished from human habitats, such as residential, suburban, and urban areas. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of aerosols from swine farms, this paper reviewed relevant studies conducted between 2000 and 2022. The main components, concentrations, and size distribution of the aerosols were systematically reviewed. The differences between aerosols from swine farms and human living and working environments were compared. Finally, the sources, influencing factors, and reduction technologies for aerosols from swine farms were thoroughly elucidated. The results demonstrated that the concentrations of aerosols inside swine farms varied considerably, and most exceeded safety thresholds. However, further exploration is needed to fully understand the difference in airborne microorganism community structure and particles with small sizes (<1 μm) between swine farms and human living and working environments. More airborne bacterial and viruses were adhered to large particles in swine houses, while the proportion of airborne fungi in the respirable fraction was similar to that of human living and working environments. In addition, swine farms have a higher abundance and diversity of potential pathogens, airborne resistant microorganisms and resistant genes compared to the human living and working environments. The aerosols of swine farms mainly originated from sources such as manure, feed, swine hair and skin, secondary production, and waste treatment. According to the source analysis and factors influencing aerosols in swine farms, various technologies could be employed to mitigate aerosol emissions, and some end-of-pipe technologies need to be further improved before they are widely applied. Swine farms are advised not to increase aerosol concentration in human living and working environments, in order to decrease the impact of aerosols from swine farms on human health and restrain the spread of airborne potential pathogens. This review provides critical insights into aerosols of swine farms, offering guidance for taking appropriate measures to enhance air quality inside and surrounding swine farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment and Intelligent Equipment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Guoming Li
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Institute for Artificial Intelligence, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Zhilong Liu
- Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy Library, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Lei Xi
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment and Intelligent Equipment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; Henan Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment and Intelligent Equipment, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Xuan Gao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
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Woutersen A, de Ruiter H, Wesseling J, Hendricx W, Blokhuis C, van Ratingen S, Vegt K, Voogt M. Farmers and Local Residents Collaborate: Application of a Participatory Citizen Science Approach to Characterising Air Quality in a Rural Area in The Netherlands. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8053. [PMID: 36298407 PMCID: PMC9610964 DOI: 10.3390/s22208053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In rural areas, livestock farming is a source of environmental concern. We describe a citizen science (CS) project in Venray, the Netherlands, where air quality was measured at livestock farms and surrounding residential premises. We used low-cost methods to measure air quality components and facilitated a dialogue between stakeholders about the results and solutions for cleaner air. PM2.5 and PM10 were measured using Nova Fitness SDS011 sensors, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ammonia (NH3) using Palmes tubes and odour annoyance was reported. Particulate Matter (PM) concentrations were higher close to layer farms, but elevated concentrations were limited at other farms and residential locations. NO2 concentrations were elevated near busy roads, and higher NH3 values were measured near livestock farms. Reporting of odour annoyance was limited, yet during the dialogue residents indicated that this was their largest concern. While both farmers and residents agreed with the general conclusions, they still preferred opposing measures. We conclude that characterisation of air quality using low-cost methods is possible, but expert guidance is needed. Moreover, education, commitment of participants and involvement of independent parties are crucial to ensuring a productive dialogue between stakeholders. The insights gained by participants and resulting dialogue were the greatest benefits of this CS approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Woutersen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Henri de Ruiter
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Wesseling
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Hendricx
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christa Blokhuis
- Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 8130, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd van Ratingen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Vegt
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marita Voogt
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Xie Y, Zuo Q, Guan Q, Wei K, Zhang B. Numerical analysis on a novel CGPFs for improving NOx conversion efficiency and particulate combustion efficiency to reduce exhaust pollutant emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:25029-25045. [PMID: 34837106 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improving the NOx conversion efficiency and particulate combustion efficiency under cold-start conditions (low-temperature conditions) is still the main challenge faced by catalytic gasoline particulate filter systems (CGPFs). In this study, the physical and mathematical models of novel CGPFs are proposed based on the computational fluid dynamics software. Then, the models are validated based on experiments, and the performances of conventional and novel CGPFs are analyzed comparatively. The comparison conclusions indicate that the NOx conversion efficiency of the novel CGPFs increases by 3.2% and the particulate combustion efficiency increases by 2.7% under the same operating condition. Finally, the effects of exhaust flow vf, exhaust oxygen mass fraction Co, exhaust NO mass fraction CNO, and electric heating power Pe on the NOx conversion efficiency and particulate combustion efficiency are investigated. The weights of each influencing parameter on the NOx conversion efficiency and particulate combustion efficiency are explored by orthogonal tests. The conclusions show that the NOx conversion efficiency is increased by 3.6% and the particulate combustion efficiency is increased by 16.7% compared to the initial condition. This study has an important reference value for improving the purification efficiency of vehicle emission under cold-start conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Qingsong Zuo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China.
| | - Qingwu Guan
- Technique Center, Hunan Tyen Machinery Co., Ltd, Hengyang, 421000, China
| | - Kexiang Wei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Vehicle Power and Transmission System, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan, 411104, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
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Pu S, Peng S, Zhu J, Liu Z, Long D, Lim T. Characteristics of PM2.5 and Its Correlation with Feed, Manure and NH3 in a Pig-Fattening House. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10030145. [PMID: 35324770 PMCID: PMC8951050 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10030145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM), including PM2.5 in pig houses, has received increasing attention due to the potential health risks associated with PM. At present, most studies have analyzed PM2.5 in Chinese pig houses utilizing natural ventilation. These results, however, are strongly affected by the internal structure and regional environment, thus limiting their applicability to non-mechanically ventilated pig houses. This experiment was carried out in an environmentally controlled pig house. The animal feeding operation and manure management in the house were typical for Southwest China. To reduce the influence of various environmental factors on PM2.5, the temperature and humidity in the house were maintained in a relatively stable state by using an environmental control system. The concentration of PM2.5 in the pig house was monitored, while the biological contents and chemical composition of PM2.5 were analyzed, and feed, manure, and dust particles were scanned using an electron microscope. Moreover, bacterial and fungal contents and some water-soluble ions in PM2.5 were identified. The results showed that the concentration of PM2.5 in the pig house was strongly affected by pig activity, and a phenomenon of forming secondary particles in the pig house was found, although the transformation intensity was low. The concentration of PM2.5 had negative correlations of 0.27 and 0.18 with ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, respectively. Interestingly, a stronger correlation was observed between ammonia and hydrogen sulfide and ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations (the concentration of ammonia had stronger positive correlations with hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide concentrations at +0.44 and +0.59, respectively). The main potential sources of PM2.5 production were feed and manure. We speculate that manure could contribute to the broken, rough, and angular particles that formed the pig house PM2.5 that easily adhered to other components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Pu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 402460, China
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team for Livestock Environment Control and Equipment R&D, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Siyi Peng
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Jiaming Zhu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 402460, China
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team for Livestock Environment Control and Equipment R&D, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Zuohua Liu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Dingbiao Long
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Changlong Avenue, Rongchang District, Chongqing 402460, China; (S.P.); (S.P.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
- Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Livestock Equipment Engineering in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 402460, China
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team for Livestock Environment Control and Equipment R&D, Chongqing 402460, China
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (T.L.)
| | - TengTeeh Lim
- Division of Food Systems and Bioengineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Correspondence: (D.L.); (T.L.)
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Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) represents an air quality management challenge for confined swine production systems. Due to the limited space and ventilation rate, PM can reach relatively high concentrations in swine barns. PM in swine barns possesses different physical, chemical, and biological characteristics than that in the atmosphere and other indoor environments. As a result, it exerts different environmental and health effects and creates some unique challenges regarding PM measurement and mitigation. Numerous research efforts have been made, generating massive data and information. However, relevant review reports are sporadic. This study aims to provide an updated comprehensive review of swine barn PM, focusing on publications since 1990. It covers various topics including PM characteristics, sources, measurement methods, and in-barn mitigation technologies. As PM in swine barns is primarily of biological origins, bioaerosols are reviewed in great detail. Relevant topics include bacterial/fungal counts, viruses, microbial community composition, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, endotoxins, and (1→3)-β-D-glucans. For each topic, existing knowledge is summarized and discussed and knowledge gaps are identified. Overall, PM in swine barns is complicated in chemical and biological composition and highly variable in mass concentrations, size, and microbial abundance. Feed, feces, and skins constitute the major PM sources. Regarding in-barn PM mitigation, four technologies (oil/water sprinkling, ionization, alternation of feed and feeders, and recirculating air filtration) are dominant. However, none of them have been widely used in commercial barns. A collective discussion of major knowledge gaps and future research needs is offered at the end of the report.
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Abstract
Measurements with high time resolution are necessary to capture variation patterns and to facilitate the estimation of uncertainty in ammonia inventories. Continuous real-time monitoring of ammonia was carried out in a naturally ventilated nursery pig house during two periods in winter and summer, respectively. A higher ventilation rate of about 73,799 ± 39,655 m3/h was obtained during the summer period in comparison with 1646 ± 604 m3/h in the winter. Correspondingly, ammonia level observed in summer (0.25 ± 0.10 mg/m3) was lower than that in winter (1.28 ± 0.74 mg/m3). Spatial variation of ammonia concentration was observed during the winter monitoring period. The mean ammonia emission factor was about 0.3221 ± 0.2921 g d−1 pig−1 in summer and 0.1039 ± 0.0550 g d−1 pig−1 in winter, ranging from 0.0094 to 1.9422 g d−1 pig−1 and 0.0046 to 0.2899 g d−1 pig−1, respectively. Significant correlation was found between ammonia emission and indoor temperature and relative humidity during the winter period. For the summer measurement, effects of ventilation rate and ammonia concentration on ammonia emission were significant. Prominent diurnal pattern existed for both ammonia concentration and emission, with higher emission rates during daytime. The results confirmed the existence of considerable uncertainty associated with the ammonia emission factor, acquired by snapshot measurements.
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Nugrahaeningtyas E, Lee DJ, Song JI, Kim JK, Park KH. Potential Application of Urease and Nitrification Inhibitors to
Mitigate Emissions from the Livestock Sector: A Review. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:603-620. [PMID: 35969707 PMCID: PMC9353359 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human activities have caused an increase in greenhouse gas emissions, resulting
in climate change that affects many factors of human life including its effect
on water and food quality in certain areas with implications for human health.
CH4 and N2O are known as potent non-CO2
GHGs. The livestock industry contributes to direct emissions of CH4
(38.24%) and N2O (6.70%) through enteric fermentation and manure
treatment, as well as indirect N2O emissions via NH3
volatilization. NH3 is also a secondary precursor of particulate
matter. Several approaches have been proposed to address this issue, including
dietary management, manure treatment, and the possibility of inhibitor usage.
Inhibitors, including urease and nitrification inhibitors, are widely used in
agricultural fields. The use of urease and nitrification inhibitors is known to
be effective in reducing nitrogen loss from agricultural soil in the form of
NH3 and N2O and can further reduce CH4 as a
side effect. However, the effectiveness of inhibitors in livestock manure
systems has not yet been explored. This review discusses the potential of
inhibitor usage, specifically of N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide,
dicyandiamide, and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, to reduce emissions from
livestock manure. This review focuses on the application of inhibitors to
manure, as well as the association of these inhibitors with health, toxicity,
and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eska Nugrahaeningtyas
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Dong-Jun Lee
- Department of Animal Environment, National
Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jun-Ik Song
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Yonam
College, Cheonan 31005, Korea
| | - Jung-Kon Kim
- Department of Animal Environment, National
Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
- Corresponding author: Jung-Kon Kim,
Department of Animal Environment, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju
55365, Korea. Tel: +82-63-238-7407, E-mail:
| | - Kyu-Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence,
Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Corresponding author: Kyu-Hyun Park,
Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University,
Chuncheon 24341, Korea. Tel: +82-33-250-8621, E-mail:
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12
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Quantitative proteomic analysis of trachea in fatting pig exposed to ammonia. J Proteomics 2021; 247:104330. [PMID: 34302998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is considered as the main pollutant in livestock houses and air environment, and its adverse effects on animal and human health have attracted widespread attention. However, trachea proteomics respond to NH3 is lacking, which is crucial to understanding how NH3 induces respiratory damage. In this study, we performed labeled quantitative proteomic (TMT-MS) analysis in the trachea of fatting pigs exposed to NH3 for 30 days. The proteomic results were then validated by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM). The results showed that a total of 126 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified (fold change <0.83 or > 1.2 and P < 0.05), including 70 differentially up-regulated proteins (DUPs) and 56 differentially down-regulated proteins (DDPs). These proteins were mainly located in intracellular regions and involved in immune response, metabolism and protein synthesis. The results of DAPs (EHHADH, RPL28, SLC25A6, TUBB6, CD14, CTSS, RPS11, RPL19, SLC25A5, RPS8, FABP3, RPL21, RPL34, RPL32, PDIA3, FBP1, HSPH1, SAR1A and SEC24C) verified by IHC and PRM were consistent with the proteomic results. The results of this study provided a basis and a novel insight for understanding the mechanism of NH3-induced tracheal injury. SIGNIFICANCE: Ammonia (NH3) is considered as the main pollutant in livestock houses and air environment, and its adverse effects on animal and human health have attracted widespread attention. However, trachea proteomics respond to NH3 is lacking, which is crucial to understanding how NH3 induces respiratory damage. Therefore, in this study, labeled quantitative proteomics (TMT-MS) was used to detect trachea tissue samples from finishing pigs in NH3 exposure group and control group, and PRM method was used to further verify the highly abundant proteins in NH3 exposure samples, so as to identify new diagnostic markers for NH3 poisoning. The results of this study provided a basis and a novel insight for understanding the molecular pathological mechanism of NH3-induced tracheal injury.
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Zeng X, Liu R, Li Y, Li J, Zhao Q, Li X, Bao J. Excessive ammonia inhalation causes liver damage and dysfunction by altering gene networks associated with oxidative stress and immune function. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 217:112203. [PMID: 33873080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is a major gaseous pollutant in livestock production and has adverse effects on production, health and welfare of animals. The liver is one of the target organs of NH3, and excessive NH3 inhalation can induce liver damage. However, the toxicity assessment of NH3 on pig liver and its mechanism have not been reported yet. Recently, transcriptome analysis has become a major method to study the toxic mechanism of pollutants in environmental toxicology. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the effects of excessive NH3 inhalation on the liver of fattening pig through chemical analysis, ELISA, transcriptome analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Our results showed that the transcriptome analysis database of fattening pig liver under excessive NH3 exposure, and 449 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (including 181 up-regulated DEGs and 168 down-regulated DEGs) were found. Some genes associated with the 3 Gene Ontology (GO) terms (liver function, immune, antioxidant defense) were validated by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, the activities of GPT and GOT in NH3 group were significantly increased by 63.5% and 37.4% (P < 0.05), respectively. Our results indicated that NH3 exposure could cause changes in transcriptional profiles and liver function, and induce liver damage in fattening pigs through oxidative stress and immune dysfunction. Our study results not only provide a new perspective for the toxicity assessment of NH3, but also enrich the toxicological mechanism of NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyin Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Runze Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutao Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
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Choi K. Nitrogen‐Neutral Amino Acids Refinery: Deamination of Amino Acids for Bio‐Alcohol and Ammonia Production. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwon‐Young Choi
- Ajou University Department of Environmental and Safety Engineering College of Engineering Suwon, Gyeonggi-do South Korea
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15
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Wang X, Wang M, Chen S, Wei B, Gao Y, Huang L, Liu C, Huang T, Yu M, Zhao SH, Li X. Ammonia exposure causes lung injuries and disturbs pulmonary circadian clock gene network in a pig study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111050. [PMID: 32827960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia toxicity to respiratory system in pig faming is of particular concern, but the molecular mechanism remains still unclear. The present study was devoted to assess the impacts of the ammonia exposure on the lung tissues based on a pig study using 80 ppm ammonia exposing to piglets for different days. The histology analysis revealed ammonia exposure induced lung injury and inflammatory response, as indicated by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), significant thickening of alveolar septa, infiltration of inflammatory cells and excessive mucus production. The transcriptome analysis revealed many more up-regulated genes in exposure groups when compared with the control group, and these genes were significantly enriched in the GO term of extracellular exosome, proteolysis, and regulation of circadian rhythm. The study discovered the induction of seven genes (CRY2, CIART, CREM, NR1D1, NR1D2, PER1 and PER3) that encode repressors of circadian clock. One gene (ARNTL) that encodes activator of circadian clock was down-regulated after ammonia exposure. The results of this study suggest that ammonia exposure disturbed the pulmonary circadian clock gene expression, which may establish new evidence for further understanding the toxicity of ammonia to lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shuangzhao Chen
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Baoxin Wei
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Engineering, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Longhui Huang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shu-Hong Zhao
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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16
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Advances in electrospun nanofiber fabrication for polyaniline (PANI)-based chemoresistive sensors for gaseous ammonia. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Wang Y, Niu B, Ni JQ, Xue W, Zhu Z, Li X, Zou G. New insights into concentrations, sources and transformations of NH 3, NO x, SO 2 and PM at a commercial manure-belt layer house. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114355. [PMID: 32443201 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollutant gases and particulate matters (PM) from livestock facilities can affect the health of animals and farm workers and lead to great social environmental risks. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the characteristics of ammonia (NH3), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and PM (including PM2.5 and PM10) in a 100,000-bird manure-belt layer house in suburb Beijing for three typical seasons of summer, autumn and winter. Indoor air was sampled at an exhaust fan of the mechanically ventilated commercial house. The monitored indoor concentrations of NH3, NOx, SO2, PM2.5 and PM10 were 3.7-5.0 mg m-3, 17-58 μg m-3, 0-11 μg m-3, 100-149 μg m-3 and 354-828 μg m-3, respectively. The indoor NH3 concentrations were largely influenced by the manure removal frequency. The NOx and SO2 were mainly sourced from the ambient air, and the NOx was also partly sourced from manure decomposition in summer. The indoor PM2.5 and PM10 were largely sourced from the ambient air and the indoor manure, respectively. The abundant indoor NH3 caused significantly higher NH4+ concentration in the indoor PM10 (7.98 ± 9.04 μg m-3) than that in the ambient PM10 (3.48 ± 3.52 μg m-3). Secondary inorganic ions (SO42-, NO3- and NH4+) totally contributed 5.7% and 14.6% to the indoor and ambient PM2.5, respectively; they contributed 2.8% and 8.9% to the indoor and ambient PM10, respectively. Organic carbon was the main component of the PM and accounted for 26.6% and 41.5% of the indoor PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. Heavy metal elements (Zn, Cu and Cr) were likely transported from feed to manure and finally accumulated in the PM. Given the high emission potential, the air pollutants from animal production suggested potential risks for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100087, China
| | - Binglong Niu
- Deqingyuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ji-Qin Ni
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Wentao Xue
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100087, China
| | - Zhiping Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100087, China.
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100087, China
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18
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Colapicchioni V, Mosca S, Guerriero E, Cerasa M, Khalid A, Perilli M, Rotatori M. Environmental impact of co-combustion of polyethylene wastes in a rice husks fueled plant: Evaluation of organic micropollutants and PM emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:135354. [PMID: 31839322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Co-combustion of biomass and plastic waste has emerged as one of the most promising approach at the plastic waste management challenge. This strategy is particularly attractive since it can simultaneously solve the increasing energy demand and reduce the plastic wastes volume. However, since the combustion of both plastic wastes and natural materials is a potential source of organic micropollutants, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), beside particulate matter, the environmental sustainability of the waste to energy (WtE) co-combustion strategy has to be assessed. To this end, the emissions of dioxin like (dl)-PCBs, PCDD/Fs and PAHs from a 4-MW thermal power plant fueled with rice husk, partially replaced by end-of-life polyethylene (PE) industrial waste (up to 15% of the thermal power of the plant), were investigated. GC-MS/MS analyses have demonstrated that the co-combustion of PE waste and rice husk presents a profile of environmental sustainability. The concentrations of dl-PCBs, PCDD/Fs and PAHs were extremely low and they have remained almost unaffected by introducing PE in feed. In particular, emissions of PCCD/Fs and dl-PCBs in flue gas were in the range 0.6-1.0 and 0.2-0.6 pg TEQ/Nm3, respectively, while PAHs concentrations ranged from 410 to 825 ng/Nm3. Furthermore, the emission factors of these organic pollutants were found to be lower with PE increasing rate while particulate matter emissions were not affected by co-combustions. Collectively, the investigation has demonstrated that the noils of the industrial PE, due to the low content in halides and metals, can be used as auxiliary fuel and energetically recycled through co-combustion with rice husk. This case of study represents an effective application of the WtE strategy and a concrete approach to mitigate the threat of plastic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Colapicchioni
- Italian National Research Council - Institute for Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29, 300 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy.
| | - Silvia Mosca
- Italian National Research Council - Institute for Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29, 300 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy.
| | - Ettore Guerriero
- Italian National Research Council - Institute for Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29, 300 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy.
| | - Marina Cerasa
- Italian National Research Council - Institute for Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29, 300 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy.
| | - Asma Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Shamsabad, Muree Road Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mattia Perilli
- Italian National Research Council - Institute for Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29, 300 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy.
| | - Mauro Rotatori
- Italian National Research Council - Institute for Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Via Salaria km 29, 300 00015 Monterotondo (RM), Italy.
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