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Zhang Y, Chen M, Wang J, Deng Y, Li Z. A new method for assessment of electro-osmotic permeability through the integration of theoretical and experimental ion flux in electrokinetic processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132049. [PMID: 37478588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic (EK) technology is promising for removing heavy metals from contaminated unsaturated soils. It is crucial to accurately determine the unsaturated electro-osmotic permeability for predicting the efficiency of EK treatment, optimizing treatment strategies, and accurately predicting the distribution of contaminant concentrations. However, the current approach of estimating unsaturated electro-osmotic permeability, which involves measuring effective voltage, drainage volume, and performing exponential fitting, fails to address the issue of uneven voltage gradient distribution during EK treatment. Herein, a novel method was presented for estimating the electro-osmotic permeability of unsaturated porous media. This method quantifies the electro-osmotic flow in an unsaturated porous medium by considering the difference in mass-transfer efficiency (MTE) between real (with electro-osmotic flow) and hypothetical cases (without electro-osmotic flow). This difference serves as a metric for estimating the electro-osmotic permeability. Results revealed a linear relationship between the electro-osmotic permeability and the product of volumetric moisture content and tortuosity, with the slope related to the ionic mobility of target ions, hypothetical and actual MTE. To validate this method, hexavalent Cr (Cr(VI)) was selected as the target contaminant and six EK experiments were conducted with varying initial volumetric moisture content. The feasibility of the method was evaluated by fitting the results of these experiments to obtain the specific slope of the porous medium used. Compared to the existing effective voltage-drainage volume-exponential fitting method, the proposed method offers several advantages. First, it effectively addressed the issue of nonuniform voltage distribution during EK treatment in the unsaturated porous medium. Second, it overcame the problem of a nonzero electro-osmotic permeability at zero volumetric moisture content in the exponential empirical formula. Third, the proposed method was based on theoretical derivations instead of relying solely on empirical fitting. Finally, the proposed method does not require a prior estimate of the saturated electro-osmotic permeability of the porous medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Environmental Management and Remediation, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China; School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China; Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Meng Chen
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jinguo Wang
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Yirong Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Contaminated Environmental Management and Remediation, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China.
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection (Chengdu University of Technology), Chengdu 610059, China; College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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2
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Li M, Zhou H, Wangjin Y, Ye M, Xu X, Li X. Remediation of Cd-contaminated soil by electrokinetics coupled with the permeable reactive barrier from immobilized yeast. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163451. [PMID: 37061052 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Yeast was used to prepare permeable reactive barrier (PRB) with immobilized microbial technology, and the electrokinetics coupled with the immobilized yeast PRB (IMEK-PRB) was established to remediate Cd-contaminated soil. The effect of the different PRBs prepared by immobilized microbial technology on Cd removal was explored. The voltage gradient had influence on the removal of Cd, and the removal reached as high as 53.70 % at a voltage gradient of 2.5 V/cm. The lowest removal about 34.12 % was obtained with yeast pellets prepared by the embedding method used as PRB. The yeast in PRB was partially broken and adhered, and the intensity of the absorption peak of the group analyzed with infrared spectra and the crystal diffraction peak from X-ray diffraction changed, leading to a decrease in its activity. The average removal of Cd increased by >10 % when fly ash-based yeast pellets prepared with the adsorption-embedding method, and fly ash-adsorbed yeast prepared by the adsorption method were used as PRB. IMEK-PRB remediation would greatly reduce the toxicity of Cd-contaminated soil, weaken harmful effects on the soil environment and reduce environmental risks. The fly ash-based yeast pellets used in IMEK-PRB have great application prospects for the remediation of Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Haidong Zhou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| | - Yadan Wangjin
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai Technical Institute of Electronics Information, Shanghai, China
| | - Mixuan Ye
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xinxuan Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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3
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Recyclable high-stability As (III) absorbent from SiO2 immobilized by ionic liquid [C4py][DCA]. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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4
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Zulfiqar U, Haider FU, Ahmad M, Hussain S, Maqsood MF, Ishfaq M, Shahzad B, Waqas MM, Ali B, Tayyab MN, Ahmad SA, Khan I, Eldin SM. Chromium toxicity, speciation, and remediation strategies in soil-plant interface: A critical review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1081624. [PMID: 36714741 PMCID: PMC9880494 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, environmental pollution with chromium (Cr) has gained significant attention. Although chromium (Cr) can exist in a variety of different oxidation states and is a polyvalent element, only trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] are found frequently in the natural environment. In the current review, we summarize the biogeochemical procedures that regulate Cr(VI) mobilization, accumulation, bioavailability, toxicity in soils, and probable risks to ecosystem are also highlighted. Plants growing in Cr(VI)-contaminated soils show reduced growth and development with lower agricultural production and quality. Furthermore, Cr(VI) exposure causes oxidative stress due to the production of free radicals which modifies plant morpho-physiological and biochemical processes at tissue and cellular levels. However, plants may develop extensive cellular and physiological defensive mechanisms in response to Cr(VI) toxicity to ensure their survival. To cope with Cr(VI) toxicity, plants either avoid absorbing Cr(VI) from the soil or turn on the detoxifying mechanism, which involves producing antioxidants (both enzymatic and non-enzymatic) for scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, this review also highlights recent knowledge of remediation approaches i.e., bioremediation/phytoremediation, or remediation by using microbes exogenous use of organic amendments (biochar, manure, and compost), and nano-remediation supplements, which significantly remediate Cr(VI)-contaminated soil/water and lessen possible health and environmental challenges. Future research needs and knowledge gaps are also covered. The review's observations should aid in the development of creative and useful methods for limiting Cr(VI) bioavailability, toxicity and sustainably managing Cr(VI)-polluted soils/water, by clear understanding of mechanistic basis of Cr(VI) toxicity, signaling pathways, and tolerance mechanisms; hence reducing its hazards to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Babar Shahzad
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Muhammad Mohsin Waqas
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Basharat Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology (KFUEIT), Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Amjad Ahmad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, NFC IEFR, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M. Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
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Zhu Z, Kong Y, Yang H, Tian Y, Zhou X, Zhu Y, Fang Z, Zhang L, Tang S, Fan Y. Effects of Pretreatment and Polarization Shielding on EK-PRB of Fe/Mn/C-LDH for Remediation of Arsenic Contaminated Soils. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:325. [PMID: 36678078 PMCID: PMC9860780 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, coupling electrokinetic (EK) with the permeable reactive barriers (PRB) of Fe/Mn/C-LDH composite was applied for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils. By using self-made Fe/Mn/C-LDH materials as PRB filler, the effects of pretreatment and polarization shielding on EK-PRB of Fe/Mn/C-LDH for remediation of arsenic contaminated soils were investigated. For the pretreatment, phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid and water washing, and phosphate were adopted to reduce the influence of iron in soil. The addition of phosphate could effectively reduce the soil leaching toxicity concentration. The removal rate of the soil pretreated with phosphoric acid or phosphoric acid and water washing was better than with phosphate pretreatment. For the polarization shielding, circulating electrolyte, electrolyte type, anion and cation membranes, and the exchange of cathode and anode were investigated. The electrolyte circulates from the cathode chamber to the anode chamber through the peristaltic pump to control the pH value of the electrolyte, and the highest arsenic toxicity removal rate in the soil reaches 97.36%. The variation of total arsenic residue in soil using anion and cation membranes is the most regular. The total arsenic residue gradually decreases from cathode to anode. Electrode exchange can neutralize H+ and OH- produced by electrolyte, reduce the accumulation of soil cathode area, shield the reduction of repair efficiency caused by resistance polarization, enhance current, and improve the removal rate of arsenic in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongqiang Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Technical Innovation Center of Mine Geological Environmental Restoration Engineering in Southern Karst Area, Nanning 530022, China
| | - Yusong Kong
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hongqu Yang
- Chongqing Hechuan Ecology and Environment Monitoring Station, Chongqing 401519, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yinian Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhanqiang Fang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lihao Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Shen Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yinming Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
- Technical Innovation Center of Mine Geological Environmental Restoration Engineering in Southern Karst Area, Nanning 530022, China
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6
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Coupling electrokinetic with a cork-based permeable reactive barrier to prevent groundwater pollution: A case study on hexavalent chromium-contaminated soil. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Yang X, Liu L, Wang Y, Qiu G. Remediation of As-contaminated soils using citrate extraction coupled with electrochemical removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:153042. [PMID: 35032531 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) pollution of soils poses serious threats to the ecological environment. In this study, organic acid (citrate) washing and electrochemical removal (manganese oxide cathode) were combined to remediate highly As-contaminated soils, and the effect of voltage was investigated as well. Citrate could extract the As bound to iron and aluminum oxides and enhance As mobility by indirectly reducing As(V) to As(III) in the soils. During the electrochemical removal of As, the rhodochrosite produced from the reduction of birnessite at the cathode, the birnessite generated from the re-oxidation of released Mn(II) and the ferrihydrite formed from the hydrolysis of Fe(III) at the anode together contributed to the adsorption and fixation of As in the leachate. After three successive rounds of combined remediation by citrate (0.1 mol L-1) washing and electrochemical removal with birnessite electrode at 1.5 V, the As was totally removed in the leachate and the content of As bound to iron and aluminum (hydr)oxides was reduced by 84.2% in soils. Correspondingly, the contents of total and bioavailable As in the soil decreased from 1981.4 and 242.0 to 563.2 and 86.0 mg kg-1, respectively. The As removal efficiency from the leachate and soil increased with increasing voltage from 0 to 1.5 V. This study provides a new method for the effective treatment of As-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lihu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guohong Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei Province, China.
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8
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Effective Remediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Soils by EK-PRB of Fe/Mn/C-LDH: Performance, Characteristics, and Mechanism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19074389. [PMID: 35410068 PMCID: PMC8998996 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is highly toxic and carcinogenic. The aim of the present work is to develop a good remediation technique for arsenic-contaminated soils. Here, a novel remediation technique by coupling electrokinetics (EK) with the permeable reactive barriers (PRB) of Fe/Mn/C-LDH composite was applied for the remediation of arsenic-contaminated soils. The influences of electric field strength, PRB position, moisture content and PRB filler type on the removal rate of arsenic from the contaminated soils were studied. The Fe/Mn/C-LDH filler synthesized by using bamboo as a template retained the porous characteristics of the original bamboo, and the mass percentage of Fe and Mn elements was 37.85%. The setting of PRB of Fe/Mn/C-LDH placed in the middle was a feasible option, with the maximum and average soil leaching toxicity removal rates of 95.71% and 88.03%, respectively. When the electric field strength was 2 V/cm, both the arsenic removal rate and economic aspects were optimal. The maximum and average soil leaching toxicity removal rates were similar to 98.40% and 84.49% of 3 V/cm, respectively. Besides, the soil moisture content had negligible effect on the removal of arsenic but slight effect on leaching toxicity. The best leaching toxicity removal rate was achieved when the soil moisture content was 35%, neither higher nor lower moisture content in the range of 25-45% was conducive to the improvement of leaching toxicity removal rate. The results showed that the EK-PRB technique could effectively remove arsenic from the contaminated soils. Characterizations of Fe/Mn/C-LDH indicated that the electrostatic adsorption, ion exchange, and surface functional group complexation were the primary ways to remove arsenic.
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Ma C, Li J, Xia W, Ding Y, Zhang L, Xu Y. Effect of additives on the remediation of arsenic and chromium co-contaminated soil by an electrokinetic-permeable reactive barrier. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11966-11975. [PMID: 34558049 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the remediation efficiency of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr)co-contaminated soil, the effect of various combinations of reducing and chelating agents on the removal of As and Cr was studied in the present work by using electrokinetic technology coupled with a permeable reactive barrier (EK-PRB). In an experiment with EK-PRB, reducing agents (ascorbic acid and citric acid) and chelating agents (EDTA-2Na) were applied together with CaAl-layered double hydroxide (CaAl-LDH) to pretreat As and Cr co-contaminated soil. The chelating agents increased the removal efficiency of As and Cr, while the reducing agent only improved As removal in co-contaminated soil. The best removal efficiencies of As and Cr were 41.2% and 46.8%, respectively. The reducing agents promoted the production of As(III) and enhanced the migration of As. However, a large amount of Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III), which affected the migration of Cr. Although the addition of chelating agents partly increased the migration of Cr(III), the removal of total chromium (TCr) still decreased. In this remediation system, a PRB can effectively capture and fix As and Cr. The results indicated that As was mainly adsorbed on the surface of CaAl-LDH, while the surface adsorption and intercalation of CaAl-LDH were the main mechanisms for Cr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzi Ma
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangpeng Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ding
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Wen D, Fu R, Li Q. Removal of inorganic contaminants in soil by electrokinetic remediation technologies: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 401:123345. [PMID: 32763678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The soil contaminated by inorganic contaminants including heavy metals, radioactive elements and salts has been posing risks for human health and ecological environment, which has been widely paid attention in recent years. The electrokinetic remediation (EKR) technology is recognized as the most potential separation technology, which is commonly used to clean sites that are contaminated with organic and inorganic contaminants. It is the most suitable remediation technology for low permeability porous matrices. The main transport mechanism of pollutants in EKR include electromigration, electroosmosis and electrophoresis, coupled with electrolysis and geochemical reactions. Although arduous endeavors have been carried out to build optimal operating conditions and reveal the mechanism of EKR process, a systematic theoretical foundation hasn't been sorted yet. A comprehensive review on electrokinetic remediation of inorganic contaminants in soil is given in this study, and a more systematic theoretical foundation is sorted out according to the latest theoretical achievements. This theoretical system mainly focuses on the scientific and practical aspects of the application of EKR technology in soil remediation, by which we try to dig into the core of this technology. It contains key motive power of electric phenomena, side effects, energy consumption and supply, and removal of heavy metals, radioactive elements and salts in soil during EKR. In addition, correlations between dehydration, crystallization effect, focusing effect and thermal effect are disclosed; optimal operating conditions for the removal of heavy metals by EKR and EKR coupled with PRB are discussed and sorted out. Also discussed herein is the relationship between energy allocation and energy saving. According to the related findings, some potential improvements are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wen
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management & Remediation of Soil & Groundwater, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rongbing Fu
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management & Remediation of Soil & Groundwater, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Centre for Environmental Risk Management & Remediation of Soil & Groundwater, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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11
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Alka S, Shahir S, Ibrahim N, Ndejiko MJ, Vo DVN, Manan FA. Arsenic removal technologies and future trends: A mini review. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2021; 278:123805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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12
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Boccalon E, Gorrasi G, Nocchetti M. Layered double hydroxides are still out in the bloom: Syntheses, applications and advantages of three-dimensional flower-like structures. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 285:102284. [PMID: 33164779 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have received great attention for years in numerous fields. Controlled and flexible layer composition, as well as the vast assortment of possible anionic guests, and easy adaptability for multipurpose applications, have been some of the many reasons behind their extraordinary success. However, versatility does not only involve the composition or the dimensions of the crystals but also their morphology. Aside from conventional hexagonal, flat structures, three-dimensional assemblies have been reported with architectures closely resembling those of flowers. The possibility of interconnecting the LDH nanosheets in rosette-like geometries has arisen the interest in finding new ways to control, modulate, and guide the particle growth obtaining hierarchical structures to be adapted to specific targets. This review is focused on describing the different strategies implemented to build flower-like assemblies, and on investigating their applications, looking for specific advantages of the use of a three-dimensional architecture over a bi-dimensional one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Boccalon
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuliana Gorrasi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy.
| | - Morena Nocchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via del Liceo 1, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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13
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Xu Y, Wang K, Zhou Q, Zhang L, Qian G. Effects of humus on the mobility of arsenic in tailing soil and the thiol-modification of humus. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 259:127403. [PMID: 32603963 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of thiol-modified humic acids (HAs) to release arsenic in tailings soil after being modified with different sulfur-containing reagents were significantly improved. The structure and physicochemical properties of humic acid (HA) before and after thiol-modification were characterized. The 3-MPTS-HA treated with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-MPTS) effectively improved the mobility of arsenic, and its reducing ability was increased from 2 mmol g-1 to 3.54 mmol g-1. The S content of humic acids were also significantly increased after treatment with sulfur-containing reagents, in which the oxygen-containing functional group (e.g., C = O, C-O) on the surface of HA may be the active sites for binding with sulfur-containing reagents. It was found in the XPS spectrum that because the thiol group is easily oxidized, there are many S forms in thiol-modified HA. The -SH content in Na2S·9H2O-HA, l (+)-Cysteine-HA (Cys-HA), thioglycolic acid (TGA-HA) and 3-MPTS-HA was determined by fluorescence method to be 13.9, 78.45, 90.34, and 192.29 μmol g-1, respectively. The study demonstrated that surface thiol modification can increase the abundance of thiol in HA and enhance reactivity, which will further promote the application of HA in the treatment of heavy metal contaminated tailing soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qinghao Zhou
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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14
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Yu YH, Su JF, Shih Y, Wang J, Wang PY, Huang CP. Hazardous wastes treatment technologies. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2020; 92:1833-1860. [PMID: 32866315 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A review of the literature published in 2019 on topics related to hazardous waste management in water, soils, sediments, and air. The review covered treatment technologies applying physical, chemical, and biological principles for the remediation of contaminated water, soils, sediments, and air. PRACTICAL POINTS: This report provides a review of technologies for the management of waters, wastewaters, air, sediments, and soils contaminated by various hazardous chemicals including inorganic (e.g., oxyanions, salts, and heavy metals), organic (e.g., halogenated, pharmaceuticals and personal care products, pesticides, and persistent organic chemicals) in three scientific areas of physical, chemical, and biological methods. Physical methods for the management of hazardous wastes including general adsorption, sand filtration, coagulation/flocculation, electrodialysis, electrokinetics, electro-sorption ( capacitive deionization, CDI), membrane (RO, NF, MF), photocatalysis, photoelectrochemical oxidation, sonochemical, non-thermal plasma, supercritical fluid, electrochemical oxidation, and electrochemical reduction processes were reviewed. Chemical methods including ozone-based, hydrogen peroxide-based, potassium permanganate processes, and Fenton and Fenton-like process were reviewed. Biological methods such as aerobic, anoxic, anaerobic, bioreactors, constructed wetlands, soil bioremediation and biofilter processes for the management of hazardous wastes, in mode of consortium and pure culture were reviewed. Case histories were reviewed in four areas including contaminated sediments, contaminated soils, mixed industrial solid wastes and radioactive wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Jenn Fang Su
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yujen Shih
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Essngineering, National Sun yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Civil Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science & Technology, Rolla, Missouri
| | - Po Yen Wang
- Department of Civil Engineering, Widener University, Chester, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chin Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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15
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Xiao J, Zhou S, Chu L, Liu Y, Li J, Zhang J, Tian L. Electrokinetic remediation of uranium(VI)-contaminated red soil using composite electrolyte of citric acid and ferric chloride. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:4478-4488. [PMID: 31832950 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06990-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In the process of electrokinetic (EK) remediation of uranium-contaminated soil, the existence form of uranium in soil pore fluid will affect on its migration behavior. In this paper, a novel type of electrolyte (citric acid + ferric chloride, CA+ FeCl3) has been investigated for the EK remediation of uranium-contaminated red soil. The effects of different electrolyte and the concentrations of FeCl3 on migration behavior of U(VI) and environmental risks were investigated after EK remediation. The result showed that the optimum concentration was 0.1 mol/L CA mixed with 0.03 mol/L FeCl3 in this study. At this time, the removal efficiency of uranium was about 61.55 ± 0.41%, and the cumulative energy consumption was 0.2559 kWh. Compared with deionized water and single CA, combined CA with FeCl3 has the advantages of high removal efficiency, low leaching toxicity, and less damage to the soil after the electrokinetic remediation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Shukui Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Luping Chu
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yinjiu Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jiali Li
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Linyu Tian
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
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16
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Li J, Ding Y, Wang K, Li N, Qian G, Xu Y, Zhang J. Comparison of humic and fulvic acid on remediation of arsenic contaminated soil by electrokinetic technology. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 241:125038. [PMID: 31610455 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) as reinforcing agents to improve the efficiency of electrokinetic remediation (EKR) were investigated for the first time using an artificially contaminated soil. A series of soil leaching tests and bench-scale EKR experiments were performed to elucidate the mechanisms of As removed from artificially contaminated soil. The characterization of total reducing capacity (TRC) and functional group were carried out to reveal the difference of HA and FA. The observations demonstrated that with 0.1 M NaOH and KCl as the anolyte, using both HA and FA enhanced the efficiency of EKR. After 25 days of EKR, the removal efficiency of TAs in HA/FA-enhanced EKR was about 2.0-3.0 times greater than when unenhanced. Compared to HA, more As was removed in EKR with FA, which has more TRC and oxygen-containing groups. These EKR experimental results, with the support of data obtained from soil leaching test, indicate that competitive adsorption, reductive dissolution and complexation were the reasons why HA and FA promoted the release of As in the soil and further enhanced the remediation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangpeng Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Blvd, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Ying Ding
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Kaili Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Ningqing Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Guangren Qian
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
| | - Jia Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, No.99 Shangda Rd., Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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17
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Li C, Ji X, Luo X. Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal Pollution: A Bibliometric and Scientometric Analysis from 1989 to 2018. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234755. [PMID: 31783655 PMCID: PMC6926625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to evaluate the knowledge landscape of the phytoremediation of heavy metals (HMs) by constructing a series of scientific maps and exploring the research hotspots and trends of this field. This study presents a review of 6873 documents published about phytoremediation of HMs in the international context from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) (1989–2018). Two different processing software applications were used, CiteSpace and Bibliometrix. This research field is characterized by high interdisciplinarity and a rapid increase in the subject categories of engineering applications. The basic supporting categories mainly included “Environmental Sciences & Ecology”, “Plant Sciences”, and “Agriculture”. In addition, there has been a trend in recent years to focus on categories such as “Engineering, Multidisciplinary”, “Engineering, Chemical”, and “Green & Sustainable Science & Technology”. “Soil”, “hyperaccumulator”, “enrichment mechanism/process”, and “enhance technology” were found to be the main research hotspots. “Wastewater”, “field crops”, “genetically engineered microbes/plants”, and “agromining” may be the main research trends. Bibliometric and scientometric analysis are useful methods to qualitatively and quantitatively measure research hotspots and trends in phytoremediation of HM, and can be widely used to help new researchers to review the available research in a certain research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (C.L.); (X.J.)
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xiaohui Ji
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China; (C.L.); (X.J.)
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xuegang Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
- Correspondence:
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