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Soleimani H, Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa R, Ghanadian M, Karami A, Cacciola SO. Defense Mechanisms Induced by Celery Seed Essential Oil against Powdery Mildew Incited by Podosphaera fusca in Cucumber. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 10:17. [PMID: 38248927 PMCID: PMC10817264 DOI: 10.3390/jof10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of essential oil extracted from celery (Apium graveolens) seeds (CSEO) for the control of powdery mildew of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) incited by Podosphaera fusca and to investigate the metabolic and genetic defense mechanisms triggered by the treatment with this essential oil in cucumber seedlings. The main compounds in the CSEO as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis were d-limonene, 3-butyl phthalide, β-selinene, and mandelic acid. The treatment with CSEO led to an increase in the content of both chlorophyll and phenolic/flavonoid compounds in cucumber leaves. In greenhouse tests, the application of CSEO reduced by 60% the disease severity on leaves of cucumber plants and stimulated the activity of defense-related enzymes such as β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. Moreover, treatment with CSEO induced overexpression of β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase genes. A highly significant correlation was found between the β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzymatic activities and the relative expression of the corresponding encoding genes in both inoculated and non-inoculated cucumber seedlings treated with the essential oil. Overall, this study showed that CSEO is a promising eco-friendly candidate fungicide that can be exploited to control cucumber powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Soleimani
- Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144113131, Iran;
| | | | - Mustafa Ghanadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran;
| | - Akbar Karami
- Department of Horticultural Science, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7144113131, Iran;
| | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
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2
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Wang W, Long Y. A review of biocontrol agents in controlling late blight of potatoes and tomatoes caused by Phytophthora infestans and the underlying mechanisms. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4715-4725. [PMID: 37555293 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora infestans causes late blight on potatoes and tomatoes, which has a significant economic impact on agriculture. The management of late blight has been largely dependent on the application of synthetic fungicides, which is not an ultimate solution for sustainable agriculture and environmental safety. Biocontrol strategies are expected to be alternative methods to the conventional chemicals in controlling plant diseases in the integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Well-studied biocontrol agents against Phytophthora infestans include fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, and compounds produced by these antagonists, in addition to certain bioactive metabolites produced by plants. Laboratory and glasshouse experiments suggest a potential for using biocontrol in practical late blight disease management. However, the transition of biocontrol to field applications is problematic for the moment, due to low and variable efficacies. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary on these biocontrol strategies and the underlying corresponding mechanisms. To give a more intuitive understanding of the promising biocontrol agents against Phytophthora infestans in agricultural systems, we discuss the utilizations, modes of action and future potentials of these antagonists based on their taxonomic classifications. To achieve a goal of best possible results produced by biocontrol agents, it is suggested to work on field trials, strain modifications, formulations, regulations, and optimizations of application. Combined biocontrol agents having different modes of action or biological adaptation traits may be used to strengthen the biocontrol efficacy. More importantly, biological control agents should be applied in the coordination of other existing and forthcoming methods in the IPM programs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weizhen Wang
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Youhua Long
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Martini F, Jijakli MH, Gontier E, Muchembled J, Fauconnier ML. Harnessing Plant's Arsenal: Essential Oils as Promising Tools for Sustainable Management of Potato Late Blight Disease Caused by Phytophthora infestans-A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2023; 28:7302. [PMID: 37959721 PMCID: PMC10650712 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato late blight disease is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans and is listed as one of the most severe phytopathologies on Earth. The current environmental issues require new methods of pest management. For that reason, plant secondary metabolites and, in particular, essential oils (EOs) have demonstrated promising potential as pesticide alternatives. This review presents the up-to-date work accomplished using EOs against P. infestans at various experimental scales, from in vitro to in vivo. Additionally, some cellular mechanisms of action on Phytophthora spp., especially towards cell membranes, are also presented for a better understanding of anti-oomycete activities. Finally, some challenges and constraints encountered for the development of EOs-based biopesticides are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Martini
- Joint and Research Unit, 1158 BioEcoAgro Junia, 59000 Lille, France;
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Innovation, BIOPI-UPJV, UMRT BioEcoAgro INRAE1158, UFR Sciences of University of Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80000 Amiens, France;
| | - M. Haïssam Jijakli
- Integrated and Urban Plant Pathology Laboratory, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
| | - Eric Gontier
- Laboratory of Plant Biology and Innovation, BIOPI-UPJV, UMRT BioEcoAgro INRAE1158, UFR Sciences of University of Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint Leu, 80000 Amiens, France;
| | - Jérôme Muchembled
- Joint and Research Unit, 1158 BioEcoAgro Junia, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium;
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Gupta I, Singh R, Muthusamy S, Sharma M, Grewal K, Singh HP, Batish DR. Plant Essential Oils as Biopesticides: Applications, Mechanisms, Innovations, and Constraints. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2916. [PMID: 37631128 PMCID: PMC10458566 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The advent of the "Green Revolution" was a great success in significantly increasing crop productivity. However, it involved high ecological costs in terms of excessive use of synthetic agrochemicals, raising concerns about agricultural sustainability. Indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides resulted in environmental degradation, the development of pest resistance, and possible dangers to a variety of nontarget species (including plants, animals, and humans). Thus, a sustainable approach necessitates the exploration of viable ecofriendly alternatives. Plant-based biopesticides are attracting considerable attention in this context due to their target specificity, ecofriendliness, biodegradability, and safety for humans and other life forms. Among all the relevant biopesticides, plant essential oils (PEOs) or their active components are being widely explored against weeds, pests, and microorganisms. This review aims to collate the information related to the expansion and advancement in research and technology on the applications of PEOs as biopesticides. An insight into the mechanism of action of PEO-based bioherbicides, bioinsecticides, and biofungicides is also provided. With the aid of bibliometric analysis, it was found that ~75% of the documents on PEOs having biopesticidal potential were published in the last five years, with an annual growth rate of 20.51% and a citation per document of 20.91. Research on the biopesticidal properties of PEOs is receiving adequate attention from European (Italy and Spain), Asian (China, India, Iran, and Saudi Arabia), and American (Argentina, Brazil, and the United States of America) nations. Despite the increasing biopesticidal applications of PEOs and their widespread acceptance by governments, they face many challenges due to their inherent nature (lipophilicity and high volatility), production costs, and manufacturing constraints. To overcome these limitations, the incorporation of emerging innovations like the nanoencapsulation of PEOs, bioinformatics, and RNA-Seq in biopesticide development has been proposed. With these novel technological interventions, PEO-based biopesticides have the potential to be used for sustainable pest management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipsa Gupta
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (I.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Rishikesh Singh
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (I.G.); (R.S.)
| | - Suganthi Muthusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies, Pallavaram, Chennai 600117, India;
| | - Mansi Sharma
- Department of Environment Studies, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Kamaljit Grewal
- Department of Botany, Khalsa College for Women, Civil Lines, Ludhiana 141001, India;
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Daizy R. Batish
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India; (I.G.); (R.S.)
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Antagonistic activity of wild growing mushrooms against various fungal rice pathogen. INTERNATIONAL MICROBIOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SPANISH SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 26:91-98. [PMID: 36089618 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Paddy is an important crop in Malaysia. There are various pathogens able to infect paddy causing a loss in yield's production. In this study, dual culture method, volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis, and non-volatile compound analysis were used to assess the ability of mushroom to control fungal rice pathogens including Curvularia lunata, Bipolaris panici-miliacei, and Nigrospora sp. Four mushroom isolates were further analysed for their antagonistic activity against rice pathogen. The highest percentage inhibition of radial growth (PIRG) was recorded between 45.55 and 73.68% observed in isolate 42b. The 4 isolates with the highest PIRG based on the dual culture analysis were then tested for their production of VOCs and non-volatile compound. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region analysis of the 4 mushroom isolates revealed their identity as Coprinellus disseminates (isolate 12b), Marasmiellus palmivorus (isolate 42b), Trametes maxima (isolate 56e), and Lentinus sajor-caju (isolate 60a). This study showed that mushroom isolates have the potential of antagonistic effect on various fungal rice pathogens tested by the production of secondary metabolites and mycoparasitic interaction.
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Root-Associated Microbiomes of Panax notoginseng under the Combined Effect of Plant Development and Alpinia officinarum Hance Essential Oil. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186014. [PMID: 36144749 PMCID: PMC9501277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been proposed as an alternative to conventional pesticides to inhibit fungal pathogens. However, the application of EOs is considerably limited due to their highly volatile nature and unpredictable effects on other microbes. In our study, the composition of bacterial and fungal communities from the rhizosphere soil of P. notoginseng under four treatment levels of Alpinia officinarum Hance EO was characterized over several growth stages. Leaf weight varied dramatically among the four EO treatment levels after four months of growth, and the disease index at a low concentration (0.14 mg/g) of EO addition was the lowest among the P. notoginseng growth stages. The content of monomeric saponins was elevated when EO was added. Bacterial and fungal diversity in the absence of plants showed a decreasing trend with increasing levels of EO. Bacterial diversity recovery was more correlated with plant growth than was fungal diversity recovery. Compared with the control (no EO addition), a low concentration of EO significantly accumulated Actinomycota, including Acidothermus, Blastococcus, Catenulispora, Conexibacter, Rhodococcus, and Sinomonas, after one month of plant-microbial interaction. Overall, the results showed that both the plant growth stage and EOs drive changes in the microbial community composition in the rhizosphere of P. notoginseng. Plant development status had a stronger influence on bacterial diversity than on fungal diversity. EO had a more significant effect on fungal community composition, increasing the dominance of Ascomycota when EO concentration was increased. Under the interaction of P. notoginseng growth and EO, a large number of bacterial genera that have been described as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) responded positively to low concentrations of EO application, suggesting that EO may recruit beneficial microbes in the root zone to cope with pathogens and reduce root rot disease. These results offer novel insights into the relationship between EO application, altered microbial communities in the plant roots, plant growth stage, and disease occurrence.
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Liu Z, Tian J, Yan H, Li D, Wang X, Liang W, Wang G. Ethyl acetate produced by Hanseniaspora uvarum is a potential biocontrol agent against tomato fruit rot caused by Phytophthora nicotianae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:978920. [PMID: 36033900 PMCID: PMC9399722 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.978920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an oomycete strain FQ01 of Phytophthora nicotianae, which could cause destructive postharvest disease, was isolated. At present, chemical fungicides are the main reagents used for controlling Phytophthora diseases. It is necessary to find new control techniques that are environmentally friendly. The biocontrol activity of Hanseniaspora uvarum MP1861 against P. nicotianae FQ01 was therefore investigated. Our results revealed that the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by the yeast strain MP1861 could inhibit the development of P. nicotianae FQ01. The major component of the VOCs produced by the yeast strain MP1861 was identified to be ethyl acetate (70.8%). Biocontrol experiments showed that Phytophthora disease in tomato fruit could be reduced by 95.8% after the yeast VOCs treatment. Furthermore, ethyl acetate inhibited the mycelial growth of the oomycete strain FQ01, and damaged the pathogen cell membrane. This paper describes the pioneering utilization of the yeast strain MP1861 for biocontrol of postharvest fruit rot in tomato caused by P. nicotianae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Liu
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junjie Tian
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Delong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Yantai Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yantai, China
| | - Wenxing Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guangyuan Wang
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Guangyuan Wang
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Cai J, Wang S, Gao Y, Wang Q. Antibacterial Activity and Mechanism of Polygonum orientale L. Essential Oil against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111585. [PMID: 35681334 PMCID: PMC9180537 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infected by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), the quality of Chinese cabbage could severely decline. Using chemical bactericides to control Pcc could cause food safety problems. Thus, we investigated the optimum extraction conditions, antibacterial activity, chemical compounds and antibacterial mechanism of Polygonum orientale L. essential oil (POEO) against Pcc in order to search a new way to control Pcc. The optimum extraction conditions of POEO (soaking time 2.6 h, extraction time 7.7 h and ratio of liquid to solid 10.3 mL/g) were optimized by response surface methodology. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of POEO against Pcc was 0.625 mg/mL. The control efficiency of protective activity of POEO against Pcc was 74.67~92.67%, and its curative activity was 76.00~93.00%. Then, 29 compounds were obtained by GC-MS; the prime compounds of POEO were phytol, phytone, n-pentacosane, 1-octen-3-ol and β-ionone. It was verified that, compared with control samples, POEO destroyed cell morphology. It increased surface potential, increased hydrophobicity, damaged cell walls, destroyed the integrity and permeability of cell membrane, reduced membrane potential (MP), and changed membrane protein conformation. It inhibited the activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Briefly, the results of this study demonstrate that POEO showed effective inhibitory activity against Pcc, thus POEO could have potential application in controlling Pcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Cai
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Shiqin Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China;
- The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yichen Gao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (Y.G.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, No. 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, China; (Y.G.); (Q.W.)
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Liu Z, Li QX, Song B. Pesticidal Activity and Mode of Action of Monoterpenes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4556-4571. [PMID: 35380824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are often associated with issues such as pest resistance, persistent residue, nontarget toxicity, and environmental issues. Therefore, the research and development of novel, safe, and effective pesticides has become a focus in pesticide discovery. Monoterpenes are secondary plant metabolites that commonly have multiple action targets and have been used in aromatherapy, alternative medicine, and food industries. Some are highly potent and stereoselective. They can potentially be botanical pesticides and serve as lead candidates for the design and synthesis of new monoterpenoid pesticides for agricultural applications. This article reviews publications and patents found in SciFinder Scholar between 2000 and May 2021 on monoterpenes and mainly focuses on pesticidal activities of frequently studied monoterpenes and their modes of action. The presented information and our views are hopefully useful for the development of monoterpenes as biopesticides and monoterpenoid pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anshun University, Anshun, Guizhou 561000, P. R. China
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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Kumar P, Mahato DK, Gupta A, Pandhi S, Mishra S, Barua S, Tyagi V, Kumar A, Kumar M, Kamle M. Use of essential oils and phytochemicals against the mycotoxins producing fungi for shelf‐life enhancement and food preservation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar
- Applied Microbiology Lab Department of Forestry North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology Nirjuli 791109 India
| | - Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- CASS Food Research Centre School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Deakin University Burwood VIC 3125 Australia
| | - Akansha Gupta
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Shikha Pandhi
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Sadhna Mishra
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences GLA University Mathura 281406 India
| | - Sreejani Barua
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur‐721302 India
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Vidhi Tyagi
- University School of Biotechnology Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University Sector 16C Dwarka New Delhi 110078 India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi 221005 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology Mumbai 400019 India
| | - Madhu Kamle
- Applied Microbiology Lab Department of Forestry North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology Nirjuli 791109 India
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Zhao Y, Wang Q, Wu X, Jiang M, Jin H, Tao K, Hou T. Unraveling the polypharmacology of a natural antifungal product, eugenol, against Rhizoctonia solani. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3469-3483. [PMID: 33826225 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a devastating disease of rice in China. However, indiscriminate use of chemical fungicides applied to control the disease raise major environmental and food safety issues. Ecofriendly biocontrol alternatives are urgently needed. Eugenol, one of the main ingredients in Syzygium aromaticum, has attracted much attention owing to its antifungal properties. However, its mode of action is still not clear. Herein, the antifungal activity and mode of action of eugenol against R. solani were investigated. RESULTS Results confirmed that the mycelia of R. solani treated with eugenol shrank and became dehydrated, the cytoplasmic wall separated, and the vacuoles and mitochondria decreased or dissolved. Moreover, we found that eugenol downregulated expression of C-4 methyl sterol oxidase, inhibited synthesis of ergosterol, increased membrane permeability and impaired the transportation of amino acids and glucose across the cell membrane. In addition, eugenol decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and initiated an oxidative stress reaction by increasing reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, which together with membrane damage contribute to the antifungal activity of eugenol. Meanwhile, eugenol might inhibit R. solani by affecting oxidative phosphorylation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). CONCLUSION In view of its multitarget properties against R. solani, eugenol provides an alternative approach to chemical control strategies against rice sheath blight. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- College of Agroforestry and Health, Sichuan Radio and TV University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Tao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Jiang S, Wang M, Jiang Z, Zafar S, Xie Q, Yang Y, Liu Y, Yuan H, Jian Y, Wang W. Chemistry and Pharmacological Activity of Sesquiterpenoids from the Chrysanthemum Genus. Molecules 2021; 26:3038. [PMID: 34069700 PMCID: PMC8161347 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26103038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants from the Chrysanthemum genus are rich sources of chemical diversity and, in recent years, have been the focus of research on natural products chemistry. Sesquiterpenoids are one of the major classes of chemical constituents reported from this genus. To date, more than 135 sesquiterpenoids have been isolated and identified from the whole genus. These include 26 germacrane-type, 26 eudesmane-type, 64 guaianolide-type, 4 bisabolane-type, and 15 other-type sesquiterpenoids. Pharmacological studies have proven the biological potential of sesquiterpenoids isolated from Chrysanthemum species, reporting anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, insecticidal, and antiviral activities for these interesting molecules. In this paper, we provide information on the chemistry and bioactivity of sesquiterpenoids obtained from the Chrysanthemum genus which could be used as the scientific basis for their future development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Jiang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.J.); (M.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Mengyun Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.J.); (M.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Zichen Jiang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 95101, USA;
| | - Salman Zafar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Qian Xie
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.J.); (M.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yupei Yang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.J.); (M.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yang Liu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.J.); (M.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Hanwen Yuan
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.J.); (M.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yuqing Jian
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.J.); (M.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.J.)
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (S.J.); (M.W.); (Q.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.L.); (H.Y.); (Y.J.)
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Zhou Z, Xian J, Wei W, Xu C, Yang J, Zhan R, Ma D. Volatile metabolic profiling and functional characterization of four terpene synthases reveal terpenoid diversity in different tissues of Chrysanthemum indicum L. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 185:112687. [PMID: 33588133 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum indicum has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for its health-promoting benefits. Studies on C. indicum have mainly focused on the flowers. Terpenoid distribution in various parts of the plant and characterization of terpene synthases remain unclear. In this study, volatile metabolic profiling was performed to compare the composition and quantity of terpenoids distributed in the root, stem, leaf, flower bud and flower of C. indicum. The potential for extracting active ingredients from the root, stem, and leaf was also examined. In total, 17 monoterpenoids and 27 sesquiterpenoids were identified. Transcriptome data were used to clone two monoterpene synthases and two sesquiterpene synthases highly expressed in the root. The recombinant proteins of full-length and truncated versions of C. indicum terpene synthase (CiTPS1) produced α-pinene, but the truncated one was catalytically more efficient than the full-length version. No product could be detected when full-length version of CiTPS2 was used for catalyzing GPP, but the truncated one can produce a minor amount of α-pinene. CiTPS3 contributed to the production of three sesquiterpenoids, namely β-farnesene, petasitene, and α-bisabolene. CiTPS4 acted as a difunctional enzyme, contributing to the production of four monoterpenoids and three sesquiterpenoids, including petasitene. The evidence suggests that petasitene and the genes responsible for its biosynthesis were first found in the genus Chrysanthemum. The present findings provide insights into the composition, formation, and regulation of these bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Zhou
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jianchun Xian
- Guangdong Museum of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Wuke Wei
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chong Xu
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jinfen Yang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Dongming Ma
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Joint Laboratory of National Engineering Research Center for the Pharmaceutics of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Yang YL, Song BQ, Long JY, Fang DH, Hu DB, Song N, Luo JF, Zeng JM, Wang YH. Antifungal constituents from Nicotiana tabacum with the Wz locus infected by Phytophthora nicotianae. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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15
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Chemical Composition of a Supercritical Fluid (Sfe-CO 2) Extract from Baeckea frutescens L. Leaves and Its Bioactivity Against Two Pathogenic Fungi Isolated from the Tea Plant ( Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091119. [PMID: 32872535 PMCID: PMC7569807 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis are the two most important tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.) pathogenic fungi. Interest in natural plant extracts as alternatives to synthetic chemical fungicides to control plant pathogens is growing. In this study, the volatile fraction of Baeckea frutescens L. was extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE-CO2), and its chemical composition was analyzed, and investigated for its antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides and P. camelliae. The major constituents of the volatile fraction were β-caryophyllene (28.05%), α-caryophyllene (24.02%), δ-cadinene (6.29%) and eucalyptol (5.46%) in B. frutescens SFE-CO2 extracts. The terpineol, linalool, terpinen-4-ol and eucalyptol showed strong contact antifungal activity against P. camelliae and C. gloeosporioides with median inhibitory concentration (MIC50) in the range of 0.69 μL/mL to 2.79 μL/mL and 0.62 μL/mL to 2.18 μL/mL, respectively. Additionally, the volatile fraction had high fumigation antifungal activity against P. camelliae and C. gloeosporioides with an inhibition rate between 20.87% and 92.91%. Terpineol presented the highest antifungal activity in the contact and fumigation toxicity assays. Terpineol, linalool, terpinen-4-ol and eucalyptol were associated with the most active chemical compounds in the volatile fraction against the fungi. The results suggest that B. frutescens SFE-CO2 extracts are potential ingredients to develop a natural fungicide for control of tea plant pathogens.
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Liu D, Pan Y, Li K, Li D, Li P, Gao Z. Proteomics Reveals the Mechanism Underlying the Inhibition of Phytophthora sojae by Propyl Gallate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8151-8162. [PMID: 32633954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora sojae is a serious soil-borne pathogen, and the major control measures undertaken include the induction of soybean-resistance genes, fungicides, and scientific and reasonable planting management. Owing to the safety and resistance of fungicides, it is of great importance to screen new control alternatives. In a preliminary study, we observed that propyl gallate (PG) exerts a considerable inhibitory effect on P. sojae and can effectively prevent and cure soybean diseases, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To explore the inhibitory mechanism of PG on P. sojae, we analyzed the differences in the protein profile of P. sojae before and after treatment with PG using tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics. Proteomic analysis revealed that the number of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) was 285, of which 75 were upregulated and 210 were downregulated, and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways primarily comprised glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid metabolism, secondary metabolite generation, and other pathways. Among the DEPs involved in PG inhibition of P. sojae are two closely related uncharacterized proteins encoded by PHYSODRAFT_522340 and PHYSODRAFT_344464, denoted PsFACL and PsCPT herein. The CRISPR/Cas9 knockout technique revealed that PsFACL and PsCPT were involved in the growth rate and pathogenicity. In addition, the results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that there were differences in fatty acid levels between wild-type (WT) and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout transformants. Knocking out PsFACL and PsCPT resulted in the restriction of the synthesis and β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, respectively. These suggest that PsFACL and PsCPT were also involved in the regulation of the fatty acid metabolism. Our results aid in understanding the mechanism underlying the inhibition of P. sojae growth by PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Anqing Vocational and Technical College, 99 North of Tianzhushan Road, Anqing 246003, Anhui, China
| | - Yuemin Pan
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Agricultural University, Anqing 246003, Anhui, China
| | - Kunyuan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Dandan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape, Anqing Vocational and Technical College, 99 North of Tianzhushan Road, Anqing 246003, Anhui, China
| | - Zhimou Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, Anhui, China
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Elshafie HS, Camele I, Sofo A, Mazzone G, Caivano M, Masi S, Caniani D. Mycoremediation effect of Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 combined with ozonation in diesel-contaminated sand. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126597. [PMID: 32229361 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the ability of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 (Th-T22) to utilize diesel fuel as a carbon source. The potential use of Th-T22 for diesel bioremediation in an artificial soil was tested by inoculating a diesel-sand mixture with a fungal mycelial suspension of Th-T22. Given the ability of ozone to degrade compounds with low biochemical reactivity, the effect of a pre- and post-ozonation was also evaluated. The survival, growth and sporulation of Th-T22 throughout the bioremediation trial were monitored in all the treatments. In the post-ozonation treatments, the biodegradation percentages of diesel removal were 70.16% and 88.35% in Th-T22-inoculated sand treated or untreated with the antibacterial streptomycin, respectively. The results showed that ozonation alone caused good removal efficiencies (41.9%) but it was much more effective if combined with Th-T22 in a post-ozonation regime, whereas pre-ozonation negatively affected the subsequent biodegradation, likely due to its disinfectant and oxidizing effect on Th-T22. The results obtained demonstrated the significant mycoremediation ability of Th-T22 in diesel-contaminated sand and its possible use as a bioremediation agent for diesel spills in polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Elshafie
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - I Camele
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy.
| | - A Sofo
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment and Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, Via Lanera 20, 75100, Matera, Italy
| | - G Mazzone
- School of Engineering (SI), University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - M Caivano
- School of Engineering (SI), University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - S Masi
- School of Engineering (SI), University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
| | - D Caniani
- School of Engineering (SI), University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100, Potenza, Italy
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Prickly Ash Seed Kernel: A New Bio-Fumigation Material Against Tobacco Black Shank. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10060770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the fumigant effect and potential mechanisms of Chinese prickly ash seed kernel (PSK) against tobacco black shank caused by Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan. The results showed that PSK fumigant increased the soil organic matter, hydrolysable nitrogen, available potassium, and total phosphorus significantly, while the pH was decreased. Application of 2% PSK promoted plant growth, with higher plant height, root length, and dry weight compared to those in the treatment with no PSK. Both in vitro and in vivo tests indicated that PSK fumigant effectively inhibited mycelial growth of P. nicotianae, and significantly reduced the severity of tobacco black shank. Based on the analysis of volatiles in PSK by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 28 components were identified, among which monoterpenes were the major components (accounting for 79.46% of peak area). Among the six top components, linalool, piperitone, sabinene, and limonene exhibited strong mycelial inhibition of P. nicotianae. Linalool was the most effective with an IC50 value of 18.03 μL/L. Results of GC-MS revealed that the main components of PSK extract were cis-Vaccenic acid (40.81%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (15.67%), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (15.25%), Ethanone-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)- (10.32%), cis-9-Hexadecenoic acid (6.21%), and Psilocin (11.75%). Among them, Ethanone-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)- and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- have an obvious inhibitory effect on P. nicotianae. Additionally, changes in soil bacterial and fungal communities were observed. The relative abundance of some microbes, such as Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Thermomonas, Glutamicibacter, Dyella, and Trichoderma, increased, which have many beneficial microbes in these genera, indicating that microbial community shift could be one of the important outcomes of the PSK fumigant effect. In conclusion, PSK could be a new bio-fumigation material against plant soilborne pathogens, which can function as both a fungicide and fertilizer.
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Luo Y, Yao A, Tan M, Li Z, Qing L, Yang S. Effects of manganese and zinc on the growth process of Phytophthora nicotianae and the possible inhibitory mechanisms. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8613. [PMID: 32117636 PMCID: PMC7036275 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phytophthora nicotianae is a fungal soil-borne pathogen that damages various plant species. Mancozeb and Zineb, fungicides containing manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) as the main components, are widely used to control the diseases caused by Phytophthora. However, the inhibition mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Mn and Zn on P. nicotianae and to determine possible inhibitory mechanisms of Mn and Zn on sporangiogenesis of P. nicotianae. Methods The mycelial growth, sporangium generation, zoosporogenesis and zoospore germination of P. nicotianae were observed under Mn and Zn treatments. The gene (csn4 and csn7) expression levels of P. nicotianae in different growth stages were examined. Csn4 and csn7 gene expression, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were tested at the stage of sporangiogenesis under different Mn and Zn concentrations. Results Mycelial growth of P. nicotianae was significantly inhibited by Mn from ≥1 mg/L concentration and by Zn from ≥10 mg/L. The sporangia production, sporangia release, and zoospore germination of P. nicotianae were significantly reduced by Mn at all concentrations, while treatment with Zn from ≥0.5 mg/L concentration significantly inhibited the same processes. At the same concentration, the inhibition rate of Mn on the growth process of P. nicotianae was higher than that of Zn. The csn4 and csn7 gene transcription of P. nicotianae were significantly reduced by all treatments with Mn and Zn at the stage of sporangiogenesis. With the increase of Mn concentration, the activities of SOD and CAT increased to maxima and then decreased, and the content of MDA gradually increased during sporangiogenesis of P. nicotianae. The sporangia production of P. nicotianae was significantly positively correlated with the expression levels of the genes csn4 and csn7. Conclusion The inhibitory effect of Mn on the growth process of P. nicotianae was stronger than that of Zn, especially on sporangiogenesis and zoosporogenesis. A possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect on sporangiogenesis of P. nicotianae was that Mn and Zn acted by inhibiting the expression levels of the genes csn4 and csn7 and by affecting antioxidant enzyme activity (further resulting in lipid peroxidation) in the sporangium of P. nicotianae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Aimei Yao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mouyi Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenlun Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soil Multi-Scale Interfacial Process, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Qing
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuiying Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Xue H, Jiang Y, Zhao H, Köllner TG, Chen S, Chen F, Chen F. Characterization of Composition and Antifungal Properties of Leaf Secondary Metabolites from Thirteen Cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234202. [PMID: 31756889 PMCID: PMC6935761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat is an ornamental plant of worldwide cultivation. Like many other species in the family Asteraceae, C. morifolium is a rich producer of secondary metabolites. There are two objectives in this study: (I) to determine and compare the diversity of apolar secondary metabolites among different cultivars of C. morifolium and (II) to compare their properties as antifungal agents. To attain these objectives, we selected 13 cultivars of C. morifolium that are commonly used for making chrysanthemum tea as experimental materials. Leaves at the same developmental stage were collected from respective mature plants and subjected to organic extraction. The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. A total of 37 apolar secondary metabolites including 26 terpenoids were detected from the 13 cultivars. These 13 cultivars can be largely divided into three chemotypes based on chemical principal components analysis. Next, the extracts from the 13 cultivars were examined in in vitro assays for their antifungal properties against three species of pathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae, and Verticillium dahliae. Significant variability in antifungal activity of the leaf extracts among different cultivars was observed. The 13 cultivars can be divided into four groups based on their antifungal activities, which could be partly correlated to the contents of terpenoids. In short, this study reveals large variations in chemical composition, particularly of terpenoids, of leaf secondary metabolites among different cultivars of C. morifolium and their different abilities in functioning as antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Xue
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Yifan Jiang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (S.C.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (F.C.); Tel.: +86-25-8439-5262 (Y.J.); +1-865-974-8521 (F.C.)
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
| | - Tobias G. Köllner
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll Str. 8, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Sumei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Fadi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (S.C.); (F.C.)
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China (S.C.); (F.C.)
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Correspondence: (Y.J.); (F.C.); Tel.: +86-25-8439-5262 (Y.J.); +1-865-974-8521 (F.C.)
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Wang Y, Wei K, Han X, Zhao D, Zheng Y, Chao J, Gou J, Kong F, Zhang CS. The Antifungal Effect of Garlic Essential Oil on Phytophthora nicotianae and the Inhibitory Component Involved. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E632. [PMID: 31640228 PMCID: PMC6843687 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the chemical compositions of garlic essential oil, the inhibitory activity of garlic essential oil and diallyl disulfide (DADS) against Phytophthora nicotianae, and the effects on mycelial plasma membrane permeability and P. nicotianae inhibition. In total, 29 compounds were detected in garlic essential oil, of which 26 were detected by gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 21 by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) GC-MS. DADS (60.12% and 19.09%) and trisulfide di-2-propenyl (14.18% and 17.98%) were the major components identified by HS-SPME GC-MS and GC-MS analysis, respectively. Half-inhibitory concentration (Ec50, antagonism) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, fumigation) of DADS against P. nicotianae were 150.83 μL/L and 20 μL/L, respectively, while Ec50 of garlic essential oil was 1108.25 μL/L. Mycelial membrane permeability gradually increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and cell death increased at 450 μL/L DADS. Furthermore, DADS treatment significantly reduced the incidence of tobacco black shank and the number of P. nicotianae pathogens in rhizosphere soil. DADS also promoted root development of tobacco seedlings at low concentrations, which was inhibited at high concentrations. Therefore, DADS may play an important role in the antifungal effect against P. nicotianae by destroying mycelial cell membrane integrity, causing an increase in cell membrane permeability, and leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaochen Wang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Keke Wei
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xiaobin Han
- Biological Organic Fertilizer Engineering Technology Center of China Tobacco, Zunyi 563100, China.
| | - Donglin Zhao
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yanfen Zheng
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Jianmin Chao
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Jianyu Gou
- Biological Organic Fertilizer Engineering Technology Center of China Tobacco, Zunyi 563100, China.
| | - Fanyu Kong
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Cheng-Sheng Zhang
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Kujur A, Yadav A, Kumar A, Singh PP, Prakash B. Nanoencapsulated methyl salicylate as a biorational alternative of synthetic antifungal and aflatoxin B 1 suppressive agents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:18440-18450. [PMID: 31049858 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In view of the suspected negative impact of synthetic fungicides to the human health, nutritional quality, and non-targeted organisms, the use of plant-based antifungal agents has gained considerable interest to the agri-food industries. The aim of this study was to explore the antifungal and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) inhibitory activity of chitosan (low molecular weight) encapsulated methyl salicylate. The nanoencapsulation of methyl salicylate (Ne-MS) has been characterized by SEM, FTIR, and XRD analysis. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity of Ne-MS ranged between 32-34% and 5-7% respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Ne-MS (1.00 μL/mL) against the growth and aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus was found to be lower than the free MS (1.50 μL/mL). Mode of action studies demonstrated that the Ne-MS cause a significant decrease in the ergosterol content, leakage of vital ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+), utilization of different carbon source by the A. flavus. Further, the docking result showed ver1 and omt A gene of AFB1 biosynthesis are the possible molecular site of action of methyl salicylate. The in situ study revealed that Ne-MS had no significant negative impact on the organoleptic properties of the food system (maize) which strengthen its potential as a biorational alternative of synthetic fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Kujur
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Amrita Yadav
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Akshay Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Prem Pratap Singh
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Bhanu Prakash
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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