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Feng S, Yang L, Dou S, Li X, Wen S, Yan L, Huang W, Zhang Y, Ma B, Yuan L, Li S, Lu P, Guo Y. Associations between long-term ozone exposure and small airways function in Chinese young adults: a longitudinal cohort study. Respir Res 2024; 25:105. [PMID: 38419020 PMCID: PMC10902944 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence is appearing that ozone has adverse effects on health. However, the association between long-term ozone exposure and lung function is still inconclusive. OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations between long-term exposure to ozone and lung function in Chinese young adults. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study among 1594 college students with a mean age of 19.2 years at baseline in Shandong, China from September 2020 to September 2021. Lung function indicators were measured in September 2020 and September 2021, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile of the FVC (FEF25, FEF50, and FEF75) and mean flow rate between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF25-75) were measured. Daily 10 km×10 km ozone concentrations come from a well-validated data-fusion approach. The time-weighted average concentrations in 12 months before the lung function test were defined as the long-term ozone exposure. The associations between long-term ozone exposure and lung function indicators in Chinese young adults were investigated using a linear mixed effects model, followed by stratified analyses regarding sex, BMI and history of respiratory diseases. RESULTS Each interquartile range (IQR) (8.9 µg/m3) increase in long-term ozone exposure were associated with a -204.3 (95% confidence interval (CI): -361.6, -47.0) ml/s, -146.3 (95% CI: -264.1, -28.4) ml/s, and - 132.8 (95% CI: -239.2, -26.4) ml/s change in FEF25, FEF50, and FEF25-75, respectively. Stronger adverse associations were found in female participants or those with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 and history of respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION Long-term exposure to ambient ozone is associated with impaired small airway indicators in Chinese young adults. Females, participants with BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 and a history of respiratory disease have stronger associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Feng
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Siqi Dou
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyuan Li
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Wen
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenzhong Huang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Linghong Yuan
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Peng Lu
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Road, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China.
- Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Liao H, Chen S, Xu S, Lv Y, Liu W, Xu H. Acute effects of ambient air pollution exposure on lung function in the elderly in Hangzhou, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1022-1032. [PMID: 35469508 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2067523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of an association between acute air pollution exposure and lung function in the elderly is limited. This study is cross-sectional. We quantified the effects of air pollution exposure on lung function among 256 elderly by using a linear mixed model. The results revealed that air pollutants had lag effects on lung function after adjusting for confounders. PM2.5 (Lag03, Lag 03 was defined three-day moving average, and so forth), PM10, NO2 (Lag04-Lag05) were significantly associated with reduced FEV1. PM2.5 (Lag01-Lag02), PM10 (Lag0-Lag07), NO2 (Lag0, Lag04), and SO2 (Lag0) were significantly associated with reduced Forced vital capacity (FVC). PM2.5 (Lag04-Lag07) and NO2 (Lag01-Lag07) were significantly associated with reduced FEF25%-75%. The results showed the adverse change was stronger after adjusting for other pollutants in the PM models, and women were more susceptible to air pollutants. Therefore, we should pay attention to the problem of air pollution in the elderly, especially in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuchang Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ye Lv
- Department of Environmental Health, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiyan Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Environmental Health, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Mazumder MHH, Gandhi J, Majumder N, Wang L, Cumming RI, Stradtman S, Velayutham M, Hathaway QA, Shannahan J, Hu G, Nurkiewicz TR, Tighe RM, Kelley EE, Hussain S. Lung-gut axis of microbiome alterations following co-exposure to ultrafine carbon black and ozone. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:15. [PMID: 37085867 PMCID: PMC10122302 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00528-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial dysbiosis is a potential mediator of air pollution-induced adverse outcomes. However, a systemic comparison of the lung and gut microbiome alterations and lung-gut axis following air pollution exposure is scant. In this study, we exposed male C57BL/6J mice to inhaled air, CB (10 mg/m3), O3 (2 ppm) or CB + O3 mixture for 3 h/day for either one day or four consecutive days and were euthanized 24 h post last exposure. The lung and gut microbiome were quantified by 16 s sequencing. RESULTS Multiple CB + O3 exposures induced an increase in the lung inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils and B lymphocytes), reduced absolute bacterial load in the lungs and increased load in the gut. CB + O3 exposure was more potent as it decreased lung microbiome alpha diversity just after a single exposure. CB + O3 co-exposure uniquely increased Clostridiaceae and Prevotellaceae in the lungs. Serum short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (acetate and propionate) were increased significantly only after CB + O3 co-exposure. A significant increase in SCFA producing bacterial families (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Eubacterium) were also observed in the gut after multiple exposures. Co-exposure induced significant alterations in the gut derived metabolite receptors/mediator (Gcg, Glp-1r, Cck) mRNA expression. Oxidative stress related mRNA expression in lungs, and oxidant levels in the BALF, serum and gut significantly increased after CB + O3 exposures. CONCLUSION Our study confirms distinct gut and lung microbiome alterations after CB + O3 inhalation co-exposure and indicate a potential homeostatic shift in the gut microbiome to counter deleterious impacts of environmental exposures on metabolic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Habibul Hasan Mazumder
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jasleen Gandhi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Nairrita Majumder
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Robert Ian Cumming
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 2927, USA
| | - Sydney Stradtman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Murugesan Velayutham
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Quincy A Hathaway
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jonathan Shannahan
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 2927, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Toxicology, Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Chen Q, Chen Q, Wang Q, Xu R, Liu T, Liu Y, Ding Z, Sun H. Particulate matter and ozone might trigger deaths from chronic ischemic heart disease. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 242:113931. [PMID: 35914398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To study the association between short-term exposure to air pollutants and mortality of Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease (CIHD). METHODS Using a case-crossover design, we investigated 148,443 CIHD deaths from 2015 to 2020 in Jiangsu Province, China. Exposure to six ambient pollutants, including PM10, PM2.5, NO2, CO, SO2, and O3, was assessed by extracting daily concentrations from validated 10 km × 10 km pollutant grids at each subject's residential address. A conditional logistic regression approach was used to explore the exposure-response relationship with adjustment for temperature and relative humidity. We calculated the Population Attributable Fractions (PAFs) and the attributable deaths number of CIHD. RESULTS An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10 and PM2.5 exposure was associated with a 1.16% (95% CI: 0.85-1.48%) and 1.80% (1.36-2.24%) increase in CIHD mortality, respectively. A threshold value of 123 µg/m3 was identified for the association between O3 exposure and CIHD mortality. Controlling for PM2.5, each increase of 10 µg/m3 in O3 (>threshold) was statistically significantly associated with a 0.94% (0.19-1.71%) increase in CIHD mortality, however there was no association between NO2, SO2, CO exposure and CIHD mortality. Reducing PM2.5, PM10 and O3 to the WHO air quality guidelines would prevent 6.16% (95% CI: 4.70-7.58%), 4.30% (3.18-5.43%) and 1.29% (0.48-4.20%) of CIHD deaths, respectively. During the warm season, mortality and PAFs of CIHD associated with PM2.5, PM10, and O3 were significantly higher. CONCLUSIONS Short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5, PM10, and O3 might trigger deaths from CIHD. These findings indicate that the premature deaths of CIHD patients can be alleviated by reducing exposure to polluted air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chen
- Department of Planning and Finance, First People's Hospital of Lianyungang City 6, Zhenhua East Road, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, 222000, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ruijun Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 74 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 74 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yuewei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 74 Zhongshan Second Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Environment and Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 172 Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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5
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He L, Norris C, Cui X, Li Z, Barkjohn KK, Teng Y, Fang L, Lin L, Wang Q, Zhou X, Hong J, Li F, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, Black M, Bergin MH, Zhang JJ. Oral cavity response to air pollutant exposure and association with pulmonary inflammation and symptoms in asthmatic children. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112275. [PMID: 34710437 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) may lead to inflammation and oxidative damage in the oral cavity, which is hypothesized to contribute to the worsening of airway inflammation and asthma symptoms. In this panel study of 43 asthmatic children aged 5-13 years old, each child had 4 clinic visits with a 2-week interval between two consecutive visits. At each visit, saliva samples were collected and subsequently analyzed for interleukin 6 (IL-6) and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) as biomarkers of inflammation and malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress in the oral cavity. At each visit, children were measured for fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) as a marker of pulmonary inflammation. Asthma symptoms of these children were measured using the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT). We found that an interquartile range (IQR) increase in 24-h average personal exposure to PM2.5 measured 1 and 2 days prior was associated with increased salivary IL-6 concentration by 3.0% (95%CI: 0.2%-6.0%) and 4.2% (0.7%-8.0%), respectively. However, we did not find a clear association between personal O3 exposure and any of the salivary biomarkers, except for a negative association between salivary MDA and O3 exposure measured 1 day prior. An IQR increase in salivary IL-6 concentration was associated with significantly increased FeNO by 28.8% (4.3%-53.4%). In addition, we found that increasing salivary IL-6 concentrations were associated with decreased individual and total C-ACT scores, indicating the worsening of asthma symptoms. We estimated that 13.2%-22.2% of the associations of PM2.5 exposure measured 1 day prior with FeNO and C-ACT scores were mediated by salivary IL-6. These findings suggest that the induction of inflammation in the oral cavity may have played a role in linking air pollution exposure with the worsening of airway inflammation and asthma symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Christina Norris
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Karoline K Barkjohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China.
| | - Lili Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianguo Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China.
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | | | - Michael H Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Xu Z, Wang W, Liu Q, Li Z, Lei L, Ren L, Deng F, Guo X, Wu S. Association between gaseous air pollutants and biomarkers of systemic inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 292:118336. [PMID: 34634403 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have linked gaseous air pollutants to multiple health effects via inflammatory pathways. Several major inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) have also been considered as predictors of cardiovascular disease. However, there has been no meta-analysis to evaluate the associations between gaseous air pollutants and these typical biomarkers of inflammation to date. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the overall associations between short-term and long-term exposures to ambient ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO) and major inflammatory biomarkers including CRP, fibrinogen, IL-6 and TNF-α. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted for publications from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE databases up to Feb 1st, 2021. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 38 studies conducted among 210,438 participants. Generally, we only observed significant positive associations between short-term exposures to gaseous air pollutants and inflammatory biomarkers. For a 10 μg/m3 increase in short-term exposure to O3, NO2, and SO2, there were significant increases of 1.05% (95%CI: 0.09%, 2.02%), 1.60% (95%CI: 0.49%, 2.72%), and 10.44% (95%CI: 4.20%, 17.05%) in CRP, respectively. Meanwhile, a 10 μg/m3 increase in NO2 was also associated with a 4.85% (95%CI: 1.10%, 8.73%) increase in TNF-α. Long-term exposures to gaseous air pollutants were not statistically associated with these biomarkers, but the study numbers were relatively small. Subgroup analyses found more apparent associations in studies with better study design, higher quality, and smaller sample size. Meanwhile, the associations also varied across studies conducted in different geographical regions. CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to gaseous air pollutants is associated with increased levels of circulating inflammatory biomarkers, suggesting that a systemic inflammatory state is activated upon exposure. More studies on long-term exposure to gaseous air pollutants and inflammatory biomarkers are warranted to verify the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyang Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhou Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Qisijing Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zichuan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lihua Ren
- Division of Maternal and Child Nursing, School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Furong Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Short-Term Acute Exposure to Wildfire Smoke and Lung Function among Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Officers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211787. [PMID: 34831540 PMCID: PMC8618710 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of extreme wildfire is becoming a concern for public health. Although long-term exposure to wildfire smoke is associated with respiratory illnesses, reports on the association between short-term occupational exposure to wildfire smoke and lung function remain scarce. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 218 Royal Canadian Mounted Police officers (mean age: 38 ± 9 years) deployed at the Fort McMurray wildfires in 2016. Individual exposure to air pollutants was calculated by integrating the duration of exposure with the air quality parameters obtained from the nearest air quality monitoring station during the phase of deployment. Lung function was measured using spirometry and body plethysmography. Association between exposure and lung function was examined using principal component linear regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounders. In our findings, the participants were predominantly male (71%). Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), and residual volume (RV) were 76.5 ± 5.9 and 80.1 ± 19.5 (% predicted). A marginal association was observed between air pollution and higher RV [β: 1.55; 95% CI: -0.28 to 3.37 per interquartile change of air pollution index], but not with other lung function indices. The association between air pollution index and RV was significantly higher in participants who were screened within the first three months of deployment (2.80; 0.91 to 4.70) than those screened later (-0.28; -2.58 to 2.03), indicating a stronger effect of air pollution on peripheral airways. Acute short-term exposure to wildfire-associated air pollutants may impose subtle but clinically important deleterious respiratory effects, particularly in the peripheral airways.
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8
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Holm SM, Balmes JR. Systematic Review of Ozone Effects on Human Lung Function, 2013 through 2020. Chest 2021; 161:190-201. [PMID: 34389296 PMCID: PMC8783034 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.07.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ozone effects on lung function are particularly important to understand in the context of the air pollution-health outcomes epidemiologic literature, given the complex relationships between ozone and other air pollutants with known lung function effects. Research Question What has been learned about the association between ozone exposures and lung function from epidemiology studies published from 2013 through 2020? Study Design and Methods On March 18, 2018, and September 8, 2020, PubMed was searched using the terms health AND ozone, filtering to articles in English and about humans, from 2013 or later. An additional focused review searching for ozone AND (lung function OR FEV1OR FVC) was performed June 26, 2021. Articles were selected for this review if they reported a specific relationship between a lung function outcome and ozone exposure. Results Of 3,271 articles screened, 53 ultimately met criteria for inclusion. A systematic review with assessment of potential for bias was conducted, but a meta-analysis was not carried out because of differences in exposure duration and outcome quantification. Consistent evidence exists of small decreases in children’s lung function, even associated with very low levels of short-term ozone exposure. The effects on adult lung function from exposure to low-level, short-term ozone are less clear, although ozone-associated decrements may occur in the elderly. Finally, long-term ozone exposure decreases both lung function and lung function growth in children, although few new studies have examined long-term ozone and lung function in adults. Interpretation Much of this literature involves concentrations below the current US Environmental Protection Agency’s National Ambient Air Quality Standard of 70 parts per billion over an 8-h averaging time, suggesting that this current standard may not protect children adequately from ozone-related decrements in lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Holm
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Western States Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
| | - John R Balmes
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA; Western States Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Unit, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Huang R, Lal R, Qin M, Hu Y, Russell AG, Odman MT, Afrin S, Garcia-Menendez F, O'Neill SM. Application and evaluation of a low-cost PM sensor and data fusion with CMAQ simulations to quantify the impacts of prescribed burning on air quality in Southwestern Georgia, USA. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:815-829. [PMID: 33914671 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1924311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prescribed burning (PB) is a prominent source of PM2.5 in the southeastern US and exposure to PB smoke is a health risk. As demand for burning increases and stricter controls are implemented for other anthropogenic sources, PB emissions tend to be responsible for an increasing fraction of PM2.5 concentrations. Here, to quantify the effect of PB on air quality, low-cost sensors are used to measure PM2.5 concentrations in Southwestern Georgia. The feasibility of using low-cost sensors as a supplemental measurement tool is evaluated by comparing them with reference instruments. A chemical transport model, CMAQ, is also used to simulate the contribution of PB to PM2.5 concentrations. Simulated PM2.5 concentrations are compared to observations from both low-cost sensors and reference monitors. Finally, a data fusion method is applied to generate hourly spatiotemporal exposure fields by fusing PM2.5 concentrations from the CMAQ model and all observations. The results show that the severe impact of PB on local air quality and public health may be missed due to the dearth of regulatory monitoring sites. In Southwestern Georgia PM2.5 concentrations are highly non-homogeneous and the spatial variation is not captured even with a 4-km horizontal resolution in model simulations. Low-cost PM sensors can improve the detection of PB impacts and provide useful spatial and temporal information for integration with air quality models. R2 of regression with observations increases from an average of 0.09 to 0.40 when data fusion is applied to model simulation withholding the observations at the evaluation site. Adding observations from low-cost sensors reduces the underestimation of nighttime PM2.5 concentrations and reproduces the peaks that are missed by the simulations. In the future, observations from a dense network of low-cost sensors could be fused with the model simulated PM2.5 fields to provide better estimates of hourly exposures to smoke from PB.Implications: Prescribed burning emissions are a major cause of elevated PM2.5 concentrations, posing a risk to human health. However, their impact cannot be quantified properly due to a dearth of regulatory monitoring sites in certain regions of the United States such as Southwestern Georgia. Low-cost PM sensors can be used as a supplemental measurement tool and provide useful spatial and temporal information for integration with air quality model simulations. In the future, data from a dense network of low-cost sensors could be fused with model simulated PM2.5 fields to provide improved estimates of hourly exposures to smoke from prescribed burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Raj Lal
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Momei Qin
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yongtao Hu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Armistead G Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Talat Odman
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Fernando Garcia-Menendez
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Susan M O'Neill
- Pacific Northwest Research Station, US Forest Service, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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He L, Norris C, Cui X, Li Z, Barkjohn KK, Teng Y, Fang L, Lin L, Wang Q, Zhou X, Hong J, Li F, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, Black M, Bergin MH, Zhang JJ. Role of endogenous melatonin in pathophysiologic and oxidative stress responses to personal air pollutant exposures in asthmatic children. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 773:145709. [PMID: 33940766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heightening oxidative stress and inflammation is an important pathophysiological mechanism underlying air pollution health effects in people with asthma. Melatonin can suppress oxidative stress and inflammation in pulmonary and circulatory systems. However, the role of melatonin in the oxidative stress and physiological responses to air pollution exposure has not been examined in children with asthma. METHODS In this panel study of 43 asthmatic children (5-13 years old), each child had 4 clinic visits with a 2-week interval between two consecutive visits. At each visit, urine samples were collected and subsequently analyzed for 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) as a surrogate of circulating melatonin and for malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as two biomarkers of systemic oxidative stress. At each clinic visit, children were measured for pulmonary function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO, a marker of pulmonary inflammation). None of the children reported to have taking melatonin supplementation. Concentrations of indoor and ambient PM2.5 and ozone (O3) were combined with individual time-activity data to calculate personal air pollutant exposures. RESULTS We found that interquartile range increases in urinary MDA and 8-OHdG concentrations were associated with significantly increased urinary aMT6s concentrations by 73.4% (95% CI: 52.6% to 97.0%) and 41.7% (22.8% to 63.4%), respectively. Increases in daily personal exposure to O3 and to PM2.5 were each associated with increased urinary aMT6s concentrations. Increasing urinary aMT6s concentrations were associated with decreased FeNO and resonant frequency, indicating improved airway inflammation and lung elasticity, respectively. CONCLUSION The results suggest that systemic oxidative stress heightened by air pollution exposure may stimulate melatonin excretion as a defense mechanism to alleviate the adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christina Norris
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Karoline K Barkjohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Michael H Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China.
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11
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He L, Norris C, Cui X, Li Z, Barkjohn KK, Brehmer C, Teng Y, Fang L, Lin L, Wang Q, Zhou X, Hong J, Li F, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, Black M, Bergin MH, Zhang JJ. Personal Exposure to PM 2.5 Oxidative Potential in Association with Pulmonary Pathophysiologic Outcomes in Children with Asthma. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3101-3111. [PMID: 33555874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with a higher oxidative potential has been thought to be more detrimental to pulmonary health. We aim to investigate the associations between personal exposure to PM2.5 oxidative potential and pulmonary outcomes in asthmatic children. We measured each of the 43 asthmatic children 4 times for airway mechanics, lung function, airway inflammation, and asthma symptom scores. Coupling measured indoor and outdoor concentrations of PM2.5 mass, constituents, and oxidative potential with individual time-activity data, we calculated 24 h average personal exposures 0-3 days prior to a health outcome measurement. We found that increases in daily personal exposure to PM2.5 oxidative potential were significantly associated with increased small, large, and total airway resistance, increased airway impedance, decreased lung function, and worsened scores of individual asthma symptoms and the total symptom score. Among the PM2.5 constituents, organic matters largely of indoor origin contributed the greatest to PM2.5 oxidative potential. Given that the variability in PM2.5 oxidative potential was a stronger driver than PM2.5 mass for the variability in the respiratory health outcomes, it is suggested to reduce PM2.5 oxidative potential, particularly by reducing the organic matter constituent of indoor PM2.5, as a targeted source control strategy in asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Christina Norris
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Karoline K Barkjohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Collin Brehmer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,United States
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province 215316, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,United States
| | - Marilyn Black
- Underwriters Laboratories, Inc, Marietta, Georgia 30067, United States
| | - Michael H Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province 215316, People's Republic of China
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12
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Barkjohn KK, Norris C, Cui X, Fang L, Zheng T, Schauer JJ, Li Z, Zhang Y, Black M, Zhang JJ, Bergin MH. Real-time measurements of PM 2.5 and ozone to assess the effectiveness of residential indoor air filtration in Shanghai homes. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:74-87. [PMID: 32649780 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Portable air cleaners are increasingly used in polluted areas in an attempt to reduce human exposure; however, there has been limited work characterizing their effectiveness at reducing exposure. With this in mind, we recruited forty-three children with asthma from suburban Shanghai and deployed air cleaners (with HEPA and activated carbon filters) in their bedrooms. During both 2-week filtration and non-filtration periods, low-cost PM2.5 and O3 air monitors were used to measure pollutants indoors, outdoors, and for personal exposure. Indoor PM2.5 concentrations were reduced substantially with the use of air cleaners, from 34 ± 17 to 10 ± 8 µg/m3 , with roughly 80% of indoor PM2.5 estimated to come from outdoor sources. Personal exposure to PM2.5 was reduced from 40 ± 17 to 25 ± 14 µg/m3 . The more modest reductions in personal exposure and high contribution of outdoor PM2.5 to indoor concentrations highlight the need to reduce outdoor PM2.5 and/or to clean indoor air in multiple locations. Indoor O3 concentrations were generally low (mean = 8±4 ppb), and no significant difference was seen by filtration status. The concentrations of pollutants and the air cleaner effectiveness were highly variable over time and across homes, highlighting the usefulness of real-time air monitors for understanding individual exposure reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Norris
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lin Fang
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tongshu Zheng
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - James J Schauer
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Shi, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michael H Bergin
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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13
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Barkjohn KK, Norris C, Cui X, Fang L, He L, Schauer JJ, Zhang Y, Black M, Zhang J, Bergin MH. Children's microenvironmental exposure to PM 2.5 and ozone and the impact of indoor air filtration. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2020; 30:971-980. [PMID: 32963288 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-020-00266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In highly polluted urban areas, personal exposure to PM2.5 and O3 occur daily in various microenvironments. Identifying which microenvironments contribute most to exposure can pinpoint effective exposure reduction strategies and mitigate adverse health impacts. METHODS This work uses real-time sensors to assess the exposures of children with asthma (N = 39) in Shanghai, quantifying microenvironmental exposure to PM2.5 and O3. An air cleaner was deployed in participants' bedrooms where we hypothesized exposure could be most efficiently reduced. Monitoring occurred for two 48-h periods: one with bedroom filtration (portable air cleaner with HEPA and activated carbon filters) and the other without. RESULTS Children spent 91% of their time indoors with the majority spent in their bedroom (47%). Without filtration, the bedroom and classroom environments were the largest contributors to PM2.5 exposure. With filtration, bedroom PM2.5 exposure was reduced by 75% (45% of total exposure). Although filtration status did not impact O3, the largest contribution of O3 exposure also came from the bedroom. CONCLUSIONS Actions taken to reduce bedroom PM2.5 and O3 concentrations can most efficiently reduce total exposure. As real-time pollutant monitors become more accessible, similar analyses can be used to evaluate new interventions and optimize exposure reductions for a variety of populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline K Barkjohn
- Duke University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Christina Norris
- Duke University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, 9 Circuit Dr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Lin Fang
- Tsinghua University, School of Architecture, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Linchen He
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, 9 Circuit Dr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - James J Schauer
- University of Wisconsin at Madison, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1415 Engineering Dr, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Tsinghua University, School of Architecture, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Marilyn Black
- Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 2211 Newmarket Parkway, Marietta, GA, 30067, USA
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment, 9 Circuit Dr, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Michael H Bergin
- Duke University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 121 Hudson Hall, Box 90287, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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14
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He L, Cui X, Li Z, Teng Y, Barkjohn KK, Norris C, Fang L, Lin L, Wang Q, Zhou X, Hong J, Li F, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, Black M, Bergin MH, Zhang JJ. Malondialdehyde in Nasal Fluid: A Biomarker for Monitoring Asthma Control in Relation to Air Pollution Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11405-11413. [PMID: 32822160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) may exert oxidative damage in the nose, which is hypothesized to be associated with worsened asthma symptoms. This study, hence, is to explore whether an oxidative stress biomarker, malondialdehyde (MDA) in the nasal fluid, has the potential to aid personalized asthma control. In a panel study of 43 asthmatic children, 5-13 years old, each child was measured 4 times with a 2-week interval between consecutive clinic visits. At each visit, nasal fluid and urine samples were collected, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was measured as a biomarker of pulmonary inflammation. In addition to nasal MDA, urinary MDA and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured as biomarkers of systemic oxidative stress. We also assessed asthma symptoms using the Childhood Asthma-Control Test (C-ACT). We found that interquartile range (IQR) increases in 24 h average personal PM2.5 exposure (22.2-33.5 μg/m3), estimated 0 to 5 days prior to a clinic visit, were associated with increased nasal MDA concentrations by 38.6-54.9%. Similarly, IQR increases in 24 h average personal O3 exposure (7.7-8.2 ppb) estimated 2 to 4 days prior were associated with increased nasal MDA by 22.1-69.4%. Only increased PM2.5 exposure was associated with increased FeNO. Increased nasal MDA concentration was associated with decreased total and individual C-ACT scores, indicating worsening of asthma symptoms. However, no significant associations were observed between urinary MDA or 8-OHdG and C-ACT scores. The results confirm that oxidative stress plays an important role in linking air pollution exposure and adverse respiratory health effects. These findings support that MDA in the nasal fluid may serve as a useful biomarker for monitoring asthma status, especially in relation to PM2.5 and O3 exposures, two known risk factors of asthma exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province 215316, China
| | - Karoline K Barkjohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Christina Norris
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jianguo Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing 100084, China
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Marilyn Black
- Underwriters Laboratories, Inc, Marietta, Georgia 30067, United States
| | - Michael H Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province 215316, China
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15
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陈 嘉, 胡 大, 贾 旭, 牛 薇, 邓 芙, 郭 新. [Monitoring metrics for short-term exposure to ambient ozone and pulmonary function and airway inflammation in healthy young adults]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2020; 52:492-499. [PMID: 32541983 PMCID: PMC7433426 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the associations of different monitoring metrics for short-term exposure to ambient ozone (O3) with pulmonary function and airway inflammation in healthy young adults. METHODS A total of 97 healthy young college students were recruited and followed in a panel study conducted from December 2017 to June 2018. Each participant underwent 3 follow-up visits, and lung function and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were measured at each visit. Ambient air pollutant concentrations were obtained from the environment monitoring station of Beijing closest to the participant residences, and meteorological data were collected from China Meteorological Data Service Center. Linear mixed-effect models were applied to assess the associations between different monitoring metrics for ambient O3 short-term exposure with pulmonary function or airway inflammation in the healthy young adults. RESULTS During the study period, the P50 (P25, P75) values for ambient O3 concentration expressed as daily 1-hour maximum (O3-1 h max), daily maximum 8-hour average (O3-8 h max) and 24-hour average (O3-24 h avg) were 102.5 (76.8, 163.0) μg/m3, 91.1 (68.3, 154.3) μg/m3 and 61.6 (36.9, 81.7) μg/m3, respectively. The different monitoring metrics for short-term exposure to ambient O3 were significantly associated with reduced forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and increased FeNO. An interquartile range (IQR) increase in 6-d moving average of O3-1 h max (IQR=71.5 μg/m3) was associated with a 6.2% (95%CI: -11.8%, -0.5%) decrease in FEV1 and a 63.3% (95%CI: 13.8%, 134.3%) increase in FeNO. An IQR increase in 7-d moving average of O3-8 h max (IQR=62.0 μg/m3) was associated with a 6.2% (95%CI: -11.6%, -0.7%) decrease in FEV1and a 75.5% (95%CI: 19.3%, 158.0%) increase in FeNO. An IQR increase in 5-d moving average of O3-24 h avg (IQR=32.9 μg/m3) was associated with a 3.7% (95%CI: -7.1%, -0.2%) decrease in FEV1and a 25.3% (95%CI: 3.6%, 51.6%) increase in FeNO. There was no significant association between the three monitoring metrics for O3 exposure and peak expiratory flow (PEF). CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to ambient O3 was associated with decreased lung function and increased airway inflammation among the healthy young adults, and daily 1-hour maximum was more sensitively to the respiratory effects of O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- 嘉惠 陈
- />北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京 100191Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 大宇 胡
- />北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京 100191Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 旭 贾
- />北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京 100191Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 薇 牛
- />北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京 100191Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 芙蓉 邓
- />北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京 100191Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - 新彪 郭
- />北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,北京 100191Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing 100191, China
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Lal RM, Das K, Fan Y, Barkjohn KK, Botchwey N, Ramaswami A, Russell AG. Connecting Air Quality with Emotional Well-Being and Neighborhood Infrastructure in a US City. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2020; 14:1178630220915488. [PMID: 32425542 PMCID: PMC7218333 DOI: 10.1177/1178630220915488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cities in the United States have announced initiatives to become more sustainable, healthy, resilient, livable, and environmentally friendly. However, indicators for measuring all outcomes related to these targets and the synergies between them have not been well defined or studied. One such relationship is the linkage between air quality with emotional well-being (EWB) and neighborhood infrastructure. Here, regulatory monitoring, low-cost sensors (LCSs), and air quality modeling were combined to assess exposures to PM2.5 and traffic-related NOx in 6 Minneapolis, MN, neighborhoods of varying infrastructure parameters (median household income, urban vs suburban, and access to light rail). Residents of the study neighborhoods concurrently took real-time EWB assessments using a smart phone application, Daynamica, to gauge happiness, tiredness, stress, sadness, and pain. Both LCS PM2.5 observations and mobile-source-simulated NOx were calibrated using regulatory observations in Minneapolis. No statistically significant (α = 0.05) PM2.5 differences were found between urban poor and urban middle-income neighborhoods, but average mobile-source NOx was statistically significantly (α = 0.05) higher in the 4 urban neighborhoods than in the 2 suburban neighborhoods. Close proximity to light rail had no observable impact on average observed PM2.5 or simulated mobile-source NOx. Home-based exposure assessments found that PM2.5 was negatively correlated with positive emotions such as happiness and to net affect (the sum of positive and negative emotion scores) and positively correlated (ie, a higher PM2.5 concentration led to higher scores) for negative emotions such as tiredness, stress, sadness, and pain. Simulated mobile-source NOx, assessed from both home-based exposures and in situ exposures, had a near-zero relationship with all EWB indicators. This was attributed to low NOx levels throughout the study neighborhoods and at locations were the EWB-assessed activities took place, both owing to low on-road mobile-source NOx impacts. Although none of the air quality and EWB responses were determined to be statistically significant (α = 0.05), due in part to the relatively small sample size, the results are suggestive of linkages between air quality and a variety of EWB outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj M. Lal
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kirti Das
- Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yingling Fan
- Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Karoline K. Barkjohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nisha Botchwey
- School of City and Regional Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anu Ramaswami
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies, Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Armistead G. Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Yao M, Weschler CJ, Zhao B, Zhang L, Ma R. Breathing-rate adjusted population exposure to ozone and its oxidation products in 333 cities in China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105617. [PMID: 32155513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
While PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 µm) concentrations in China are beginning to decline because of pollution abatement measures, ozone (O3) concentrations continue to rise. In this study, we have used a Monte Carlo approach to estimate breathing-rate adjusted (BRA) population exposure to ozone and its oxidation products based on hourly O3 measurements collected in 2017 from monitoring stations in 333 Chinese cities. The median measured outdoor O3 concentration in these cities was 31 ppb, while the median calculated indoor concentrations of ozone and ozone-derived oxidation products were 7.5 ppb and 21 ppb, respectively. The median BRA O3 exposure concentration was 12 ppb, ranging from 2.2 ppb to 18 ppb among the cities. Eastern and central cities had higher exposure concentrations, while northeastern and western cities had lower. On average, the residents of these cities spent 88% of their time indoors. Consequently, even with breathing rate adjustments, indoor O3 exposure averaged 50% of the total O3 exposure nationwide. The median BRA exposure concentration for ozone-derived products was 18 ppb, ranging from 4.5 ppb to 32 ppb among the cities. On average, BRA exposure concentrations were 1.6 times larger for oxidation products than for ozone, while seasonal variations of exposure concentrations were smaller for oxidation products than for ozone. As many of the products of indoor ozone chemistry are toxic, the health consequences of exposure to such products should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyao Yao
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Charles J Weschler
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; International Centre for Indoor Environment and Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Building Science, School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, China
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18
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He L, Li Z, Teng Y, Cui X, Barkjohn KK, Norris C, Fang L, Lin L, Wang Q, Zhou X, Hong J, Li F, Zhang Y, Schauer JJ, Black M, Bergin MH, Zhang JJ. Associations of personal exposure to air pollutants with airway mechanics in children with asthma. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 138:105647. [PMID: 32172043 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of airway mechanics has been increasingly recognized in pediatric asthma. However, no studies have examined responses of airway mechanics to air pollution exposure in asthmatic children. METHODS In this panel study involving indoor air filtration manipulation that created a large gradient of personal exposure to PM2.5, the airway mechanics and lung function of 43 asthmatic children 5-13 years old in a suburb of Shanghai were measured four times within 3 consecutive months. Concentrations of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 and ozone were coupled with individual time-activity data to calculate personal exposures. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine the relationships of personal exposure with indicators of airway mechanics and lung function, respectively. RESULTS An interquartile range (IQR) increase in 24-hour average PM2.5 personal exposure (30.3 µg/m3) in the prior day was associated with significant increases in small airway resistance (R5-R20) of 15.8%, total airway resistance (R5) of 6.3%, and airway inflammation (FeNO) of 9.6%. These associations were stronger in children with lower blood eosinophil counts (<450/µL). No significant associations were found between personal PM2.5 exposure and lung function. Low-level ozone exposure (daily maximum 8-hour exposure range 1.1-56.4 ppb) was not significantly associated with any of the outcomes. CONCLUSION Changes in personal PM2.5 exposure, partly enhanced by air filtration, were associated with significant changes in airway resistance and inflammation in children with asthma. These findings suggest the importance of reducing PM2.5 exposure, via personal air quality management, in improving airflow limitation in the airways, especially the small airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchen He
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanbo Teng
- Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoxing Cui
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Karoline K Barkjohn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christina Norris
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Department of Building Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Indoor Air Quality Evaluation and Control, Beijing, China
| | - James J Schauer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Michael H Bergin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Junfeng Jim Zhang
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China.
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