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Ci Y, Ku T, Su Y, He Z, Zhang Y, Ji J, Ning X, Yin S, Zhang K. Response signatures of intestinal microbiota and gene transcription of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109797. [PMID: 39084276 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial intestinal inflammation is a common disease of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) in high-density aquaculture. Understanding the interactions between host and intestinal bacteria is helpful to intestinal inflammatory disease control. Here, we constructed a model of intestinal inflammation after Aeromonas hydrophila infection in yellow catfish, and characterized variations in gene expression and microbiome in the gut through high-throughput sequencing. Furthermore, host gene-microbiome interactions were identified. Histology observation showed disordered distribution of columnar epithelial cells and decrease of goblet cells in intestine. A total of 4741 genes showed differentially expression, mostly in comparisons between 12 hpi group with each other groups respectively, including control, 24 hpi and 48 hpi groups. These genes were enriched in immune-related pathways including the IL-17 signaling pathway, triggering strong inflammatory response at the invading stage within 12 h. Subsequently, the host strengthened energy consumption by activating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism pathways to repair the intestinal mucosal immune defense line. In addition, fish with A. hydrophila infection show decreased richness of gut microbial, reduced relative abundance of probiotics including Akkermansia, and elevated pathogenic bacteria such as Plesimonas. An integrative analysis identified A. hydrophila-related genes, such as il22 and stat3, for which expression level is close associated with the shift of A. hydrophila-related bacteria relative abundance, such as Akkermansia and Cetobacterium. Aside from picturing the variations of intestine gene expression and mucosal microbiome of yellow catfish coping with A. hydrophila infection, our study probed the underlying host-microbe interactions in A. hydrophila infection induced intestinal inflammatory, providing new insights for disease control in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ci
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tinglan Ku
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yiting Su
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhimin He
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Ji
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China
| | - Xianhui Ning
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China
| | - Shaowu Yin
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- College of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animals Breeding and Green Efficient Aquacultural Technology, Nanjing, 210023, China; Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Lian Yungang, Jiangsu, 222005, China.
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Dadras F, Velisek J, Zuskova E. An update about beneficial effects of medicinal plants in aquaculture: A review. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:449-463. [PMID: 38303995 PMCID: PMC10828785 DOI: 10.17221/96/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture is an essential and growing component of agricultural and global ecosystems worldwide. Aquaculture provides more than 25% of the total aquatic food consumption by humans. The development of the aquaculture industry should be followed in successive industrial years, and therefore it is necessary to pay attention to the management and type of farming system that is compatible with the environment. The use of antibiotics for disease control has been criticised for their negative effects, including the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the suppression of the immune system and the environment, and the accumulation of residue in aquatic tissues. The use of these products reduces the need for treatments, enhances the effect of vaccines, and, in turn, improves production indicators. Medicinal plants have increasingly been used in recent years as a disease control strategy in aquaculture, boosting the immune system of aquatic animals and helping to develop strong resistance to a wide range of pathogens. Therefore, this review aims to provide an overview of the recent evidence on the beneficial use of medicinal plants to promote growth and strengthen the immune system in farmed aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faranak Dadras
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Velisek
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eliska Zuskova
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
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3
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Mou CY, Zhang L, Zhao H, Huang ZP, Duan YL, Zhao ZM, Ke HY, Du J, Li Q, Zhou J. Single-nuclei RNA-seq reveals skin cell responses to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Chinese longsnout catfish Leiocassis longirostris. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271466. [PMID: 37908355 PMCID: PMC10613986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As the primary natural barrier that protects against adverse environmental conditions, the skin plays a crucial role in the innate immune response of fish, particularly in relation to bacterial infections. However, due to the diverse functionality and intricate anatomical and cellular composition of the skin, deciphering the immune response of the host is a challenging task. In this study, single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) was performed on skin biopsies obtained from Chinese longsnout catfish (Leiocassis longirostris), comparing Aeromonas hydrophila-infected subjects to healthy control subjects. A total of 19,581 single nuclei cells were sequenced using 10x Genomics (10,400 in the control group and 9,181 in the treated group). Based on expressed unique transcriptional profiles, 33 cell clusters were identified and classified into 12 cell types including keratinocyte (KC), fibroblast (FB), endothelial cells (EC), secretory cells (SC), immune cells, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and other cells such as pericyte (PC), brush cell (BC), red blood cell (RBC), neuroendocrine cell (NDC), neuron cells (NC), and melanocyte (MC). Among these, three clusters of KCs, namely, KC1, KC2, and KC5 exhibited significant expansion after A. hydrophila infection. Analysis of pathway enrichment revealed that KC1 was primarily involved in environmental signal transduction, KC2 was primarily involved in endocrine function, and KC5 was primarily involved in metabolism. Finally, our findings suggest that neutrophils may play a crucial role in combating A. hydrophila infections. In summary, this study not only provides the first detailed comprehensive map of all cell types present in the skin of teleost fish but also sheds light on the immune response mechanism of the skin following A. hydrophila infection in Chinese longsnout catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiang Li
- Fisheries Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Fisheries Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Srivastava A, Kumari U, Mittal S, Mittal AK. Immunoprotective role of aloin and disease resistance in Labeo rohita, infected with bacterial fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:30062-30072. [PMID: 36427124 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aloin on mucosal immune response and disease resistance was elucidated in Labeo rohita infected with the bacterial fish pathogen, Aeromonas hydrophila. Fishes were divided into four groups: (i) control, (ii) vehicle control, (iii) bacteria infected and (iv) bacteria infected and aloin treated. Fish were intraperitoneally injected with A. hydrophila suspension at the dose of 2 × 106 CFU/fish at 0 day (d). Following bacterial injection at 0 d, fish were treated with aloin at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally at an interval of 24 h for 4 consecutive days. Mucus collected from fish of each group was analyzed at 2 d, 4 d, 6 d, 8 d and 10 d. In bacteria-infected fish, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the activity of certain enzymatic and non-enzymatic immune parameters was observed. The activity of these immune parameters showed a gradual recovery on administration of aloin in bacteria-infected fish. Cumulative mortality was also found to be low in the aloin-treated group as compared to that in the infected group. Thus, aloin could act as an immunostimulant and play a protective role against disease caused by bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Srivastava
- Department of Zoology, MSM Samta College (BR Ambedkar Bihar University), Jandaha Road, Vaishali, 844505, Bihar, India
| | - Usha Kumari
- Zoology Section, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swati Mittal
- Skin Physiology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Mittal
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, 9, Mani Nagar, Kandawa, Near Chitaipur Crossing, Varanasi, 221106, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kuo HW, Li CY, Chen YR, Cheng W. The immunostimulatory effects of Theobroma cacao L. pod husk extract via injection and dietary administrations on Macrobrachium rosenbergii and its resistance against Lactococcus garvieae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108504. [PMID: 36563974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The extract from Theobroma cacao L, pod husk served as the immunostimulant to enhance the immunity and resistance against Lactococcus garvieae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In this study, we employed the injection method and dietary administration method to determine the effect of cocoa pod husk (CPH) on M. rosenbergii. The non-specific immune parameters and disease resistance were evaluated after the prawn injected with 1 μg prawn-1 CPH extract (C1), 3 μg prawn-1 CPH extract (C3), and 5 μg prawn-1 CPH extract (C5) for 1, 3, and 7 days. The results showed a significant increase of total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to L. garvieae. The non-specific immune parameters, physiological parameters, and disease resistance and growth performance were evaluated after the prawn fed with 1 g kg-1 CPH extract diet (CD1), 3 g kg-1 CPH extract diet (CD3) and 5 g kg-1 CPH extract diet (CD5). The results showed a significant increase in all immune parameters and showed a significant decrease in physiological parameters. No significant difference was observed in growth performance of prawn fed with the CPH containing diet. Both injection and dietary method showed a significant increase in disease resistance against to L. garvieae. We therefore recommend that CPH extract can be used as a immunostimulant for prawn by dietary administration to regulate immune responses, and carbohydrate metabolism lead to enhance resistance against pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wei Kuo
- General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Ying Li
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Pan C, Zhu Y, Cao K, Li J, Wang S, Zhu J, Zeng X, Zhang H, Qin Z. Transcriptome, intestinal microbiome and histomorphology profiling of differences in the response of Chinese sea bass ( Lateolabrax maculatus) to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1103412. [PMID: 36910190 PMCID: PMC9998533 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Chinese sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) is an important aquaculture fish, but diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila have led to severe economic losses to the aquaculture industry in recent years. To date, only a few studies have focused on the relationship between the intestinal immune response and changes in intestinal microbes by A. hydrophila infection. Here, we report the transcriptome and intestinal changes in infected sea bass. Histopathological results showed that severe steatosis and vacuolation occurred in the liver and that the intestinal villi and mesentery were seriously affected after infection. By extracting total RNA from intestinal tissue and studying the transcriptome profile, 1,678 genes (1,013 upregulated and 665 downregulated) were identified as significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These genes are involved in many immune-related signalling pathways, such as the NOD-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor, and Toll-like receptor signalling pathways. Moreover, the intestinal microbes of sea bass changed significantly after infection. Interestingly, at the genus level, there was an increase in Serratia, Candida arthromitus and Faecalibacterium as well as a decrease in Akkermansia and Parabacteroides after infection. The results also indicated that some of the DEGs involved in the immune response were related to the genus level of intestinal microbiota. Finally, there was a relationship between gene expression patterns and the bacterial structure in the host intestine. Our study provides a reference for the study of the immune response and particular functions of intestinal microbes of sea bass after pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Pan
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanran Zhu
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Kaixin Cao
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Juexian Li
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,Faculty of Art and Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,Faculty of Art and Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoman Zeng
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Heqian Zhang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.,College of Education for the Future, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,Faculty of Art and Science, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiwei Qin
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
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Huang Y, Wang RX, Jiang FH, Xu XT, Shi Y, Zhao Z. A new calnexin modulates antibacterial immune response in obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:104288. [PMID: 34624358 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calnexin (Cnx) is a membrane-bound lectin chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum. In this study, a novel Cnx homologue from the obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus was characterized, tentatively named ToCnx. The cDNA of ToCnx was 1803 bp, and it contained an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 600 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular weight of 67.5 kDa. Multiple alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of ToCnx and other related fish Cnxs revealed that ToCnx had typical characteristics of fish Cnxs. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that ToCnx had the closest relationship with Cnxs from Takifugu flavidus and Takifugu rubripes. ToCnx transcripts were detected in all the tissues examined, and they were mainly expressed in the liver, kidney, and intestine. Upon Vibrio harveyi, Edwardsiella tarda, and Aeromonas hydrophila infection, ToCnx transcripts were all significantly upregulated in the kidneys. The recombinant calreticulin domain of ToCnx (rToCnx) was prepared by prokaryotic expression. In the absence of calcium, rToCnx was able to bind three Gram-negative bacteria (V. harveyi, E. tarda, and A. hydrophila) and two bacterial saccharides, such as lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. In the presence of calcium, rToCnx could agglutinate all the detected microorganisms. In addition, rToCnx possessed the effect of inhibiting the growth of three microbe strains. These observations suggested that ToCnx is an important participant in host immune defense against bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Rui-Xia Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Fu-Hui Jiang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Xu
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Yan Shi
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210098, China.
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8
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Huang Y, Li YF, Wang RX, Xie MF, Shi Y, Zhao Z. Calreticulin functions in antimicrobial immunity of obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus. Mol Immunol 2021; 140:77-86. [PMID: 34673374 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calreticulin (Crt) is a highly conserved and multi-functional protein with lectin-like properties and important immunological activities. In this study, a Crt homolog, namely, ToCrt, was cloned and characterized from the obscure puffer Takifugu obscurus with an open reading frame of 1278 bp encoding a putative protein of 425 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of ToCrt consisted of three conserved structural domains: N-domain, P-domain, and C-terminal domain. In the phylogenetic tree, ToCrt formed a separate cluster with three Crts from other pufferfish species (Takifugu rubripes, Takifugu flavidus, and Takifugu bimaculatus). The mRNA transcript of ToCrt was ubiquitously expressed in all the examined tissues in a decreasing order: liver, spleen, kidney, gills, intestine, and heart. After Vibrio harveyi, Edwardsiella tarda, and Aeromonas hydrophila stimulations, the levels of ToCrt mRNA in the kidney and spleen were significantly upregulated compared with that in the control group. The recombinant calreticulin domain of ToCrt (rToCrt) could bind three Gram-negative bacteria (V. harveyi, E. tarda, and A. hydrophila) and polysaccharides from bacterial cell walls such as lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan. Meanwhile, rToCrt could agglutinate different kinds of microorganisms and exhibit antimicrobial activity. These results suggested that T. obscurus ToCrt could serve as an antimicrobial effector in the host immune response against invading microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Yun-Feng Li
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Rui-Xia Wang
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Meng-Fan Xie
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China.
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9
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Kallel A, Ksibi M, Ben Dhia H, Khélifi N. Pollutant removal and the health effects of environmental pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:23375-23378. [PMID: 32342409 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Kallel
- Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment (Lab 3E), Sfax National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Mohamed Ksibi
- Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and Ecotechnology (Lab GEET), Sfax National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hamed Ben Dhia
- Laboratory of Water, Energy and Environment (Lab 3E), Sfax National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nabil Khélifi
- Springer, a part of Springer Nature, Heidelberg, Germany
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