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Wang Z, Yang Z, Chen YF. Pore-scale investigation of surfactant-enhanced DNAPL mobilization and solubilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140071. [PMID: 37673186 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation has been proved successful to remove dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) from contaminated sites. However, the underlying mechanisms of the DNAPL mobilization and solubilization at the pore scale remains to be addressed for efficient application to the field remediation system. In this work, the emerging microfluidic and imaging technologies are applied to investigate the dynamics of DNAPL remediation. Visualized experiments of the evolution of DNAPL remediation are performed to study the role of surfactant type, concentration and injection rate. The DNAPL remediation is dominated by mobilization followed by solubilization for most surfactants. Mobilization occurs as soon as surfactants and DNAPL are in contact until forming a new stable phase structure, and the solubilization continues until the end of injection. We observe the breakup behavior of long droplets and ganglia during the mobilization, which is attributed to the surfactant-reduced interfacial tension and thus expedites DNAPL mobilization and redistribution. During the solubilization, the formation of micelles incorporating DNAPL fractions increases the DNAPL concentration gradient and thus enhances the mass transfer, but the rate-limited diffusion of micelles reduces the mass transfer rate coefficient. Increasing the surfactant content and decreasing the injection rate can promote mobilization and solubilization. The DNAPL mobilization ability of the surfactants SDS and SDBS is stronger than SAOS and Tween 80 regardless of the injection rates. Tween 80 may be considered an ideal surfactant of only solubilization but not mobilization is desired. This work elucidates the pore-scale mechanisms during surfactant-enhanced DNAPL remediation, which are beneficial for upscaling studies, predictive modeling, and operation optimization of DNAPL remediation in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhibing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yi-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China; Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics in Hydraulic Structural Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Khasi S, Fayazi A, Kantzas A. Break-up and mobilization of DNAPL by acoustic excitation: Experimental evidence and pore network modeling. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138345. [PMID: 36898434 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are long-term groundwater contaminants due to their high toxicity and slight solubility in water. The use of acoustic waves to remobilize trapped ganglia in subsurface porous systems have some advantages over pre-existing solutions including eliminating the bypassing effect and new environmental hazards. Designing an effective acoustically assisted remediation method for such purposes relies on understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing validated models. In this work, pore-scale microfluidic experiments were run to investigate the interplay between break-up and remobilization under sonication at different levels of flow rate and wettability conditions. Based on the experimental observation and pore-scale physical characteristics, a pore network model was developed and verified against the experimental results. Such a model was developed based on a two-dimensional network and scaled up to three-dimensional networks. In the experiments, processing of two-dimensional images showed that acoustic waves can remobilize trapped ganglia. The other observed effect of vibration is to break up blobs and reduce the mean ganglia size. Recovery enhancements were greater in hydrophilic micromodels as compared to hydrophobic system. A strong correlation was found between the remobilization and breakup indicating that the trapped ganglia are breaking up due to acoustic stimulation firstly and then a background viscous force may get them flowing under the new generated fluid distribution. In modeling, the simulation results of residual saturation reasonably matched with experimental observations. The differences between the prediction by the model and the experimental data at verification points is less than 2% for data before and after the acoustic excitation. The transitions from three-dimensional simulations were used to propose a modified capillary number. This study gives a better understanding of the mechanisms behind the effect of acoustic waves in porous media and provides a predictive tool for evaluating enhancement in fluid displacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Khasi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, PERM Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Amir Fayazi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, PERM Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Apostolos Kantzas
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, PERM Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada
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Mo Y, Dong J, Liang X, Bai J. Influencing of hydrogeochemical conditions and engineering parameters on phase behaviors and remediation performance of in-situ microemulsion for residual PCE in aquifers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162253. [PMID: 36801322 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In-situ microemulsion has great potential for remediation of chlorinated solvent contaminated aquifers due to its efficient solubilization, and the in-situ formation and phase behaviors of microemulsion is a key factor in determining the remediation performance. However, the role of aquifer properties and engineering parameters on microemulsion in-situ formation and phase transition has been rarely attended. In this work, the influences of hydrogeochemical conditions on in-situ microemulsion phase transition and solubilization ability for tetrachloroethylene (PCE) were explored, and the formation condition, phase transition and removal efficiency for in-situ microemulsion flushing under various flushing conditions were investigated. The results indicated that the cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+) all facilitated the microemulsion phase altering from Winsor I → III → II, whereas the anions (Cl-, SO42-, CO32-) and pH variation (5-9) had no profound influence on phase transition. Besides, the solubilization capacity of microemulsion was enhanced by the pH variation and the cations, which was proportional to the cation concentration of groundwater. The column experiments demonstrated that PCE underwent the phase transition from emulsion to microemulsion and then to micellar solution during the flushing process. The formation and phase transition of microemulsion were mainly related to injection velocity and PCE residual saturation in aquifers. The slower injection velocity and higher residual saturation were profitable to the in-situ formation of microemulsion. In addition, the removal efficiency could achieve 99.29 % for residual PCE at 12 °C, enhancing with the finer porous medium, lower injection velocity and intermittent injection. Furthermore, the flushing system exhibited high biodegradability and weak reagent adsorption onto the aquifer media, presenting a low environmental risk. This study provides valuable information on the in-situ microemulsion phase behaviors and the optimal reagent parameters, facilitating the application of in-situ microemulsion flushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyang Mo
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jun Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Xue Liang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Chang Chun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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Masoumi H, Ghaemi A, Gilani HG. Experimental and RSM study of Hypercrosslinked polystyrene in elimination of lead, cadmium and nickel ions in single and multi-component systems. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yang C, Offiong NA, Zhang C, Liu F, Zhang W, Dong J. Density-regulated remediation of dense non-aqueous phase liquids using colloidal biliquid aphrons (CBLA): Force model of transport and distribution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151057. [PMID: 34710427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using colloidal biliquid aphrons (CBLAs) for density control has been proved to a promising technology in dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) contaminated aquifer remediation. However, the transport and distribution of CBLAs in aquifer is an urgent issue for actual application in groundwater. Especially considering the fact that CBLAs have a lower density than water. In this work, the role of buoyancy force on CBLA transport in water-saturated sandbox was investigated, and the force model of CBLA in pore space was developed. Furthermore, the density regulation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in sandbox was studied using CBLA. We found that buoyancy plays a significant role compared with other interaction forces in the transport of CBLA, and the sine of the rising angle of CBLA has a significant correlation with the force on CBLA. CBLA at 5 times the volume of TCE displaced the TCE at the bottom of the tank by upward mobility and the maximum concentration dramatically decreased to 31.23 mg/L. These results can be used for predicting the transport of CBLA (as well as other remediation reagents that are less dense than water) in aquifer and are beneficial to the subsequent remediation application of CBLA in actual contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoge Yang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Nnanake-Abasi Offiong
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chunpeng Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Fangyuan Liu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| | - Jun Dong
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
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Xiang M, Lu Z, You Z, Wang X, Huang M, Xu W, Li H. Interaction quantitative modeling of mixed surfactants for synergistic solubilization by resonance light scattering. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11874-11882. [PMID: 34558047 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In situ flushing through surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation (SEAR) technology has long been recognized as a promising technique for NAPL removal from contaminated aquifers. However, there have been few studies on the choice of surfactants. In this work, the interaction quantitative model between resonance light scattering intensity and the concentration of binary surfactant mixtures NP-10+SDBS and NP-10+CTAB was established, and the mechanism of binary surfactant interaction was explored through the model by the resonance light scattering method. The relationship between the model constants and NAPL solubilization was also investigated to better address the application of surfactants in practical NAPL-contaminated site remediation. The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of nonylphenol ethoxylate (NP-10), dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), and the binary surfactant mixtures were measured by resonance light scattering (RLS), which were consistent with those obtained from surface tension measurements. In all cases, the RLS signals exhibited similar variations with surfactant concentration. A quantitative calculation model based on the RLS measurement data was established, and the binding constants KNP-10+SDBS and KNP-10+CTAB were calculated to be 0.66 and 1.51 L·mmol-1, respectively, according to the equilibrium equations. The results showed that the binding constants have a significant positive correlation with NAPL solubilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Xiang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyin You
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechen Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Maofang Huang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixiong Xu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, People's Republic of China.
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Park S, Anggraini TM, Chung J, Kang PK, Lee S. Microfluidic pore model study of precipitates induced by the pore-scale mixing of an iron sulfate solution with simulated groundwater. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129857. [PMID: 33736220 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Precipitates induced by the pore-scale mixing of iron sulfate solutions with simulated groundwater were investigated using a microfluidic pore model to assess the environmental impacts of the infiltration of acid mine drainage into a shallow aquifer. This model was employed to visualize the formation of precipitates in a porous network and to evaluate their physicochemical influences on pore flow. Four types of groundwater (Na-HCO3, Na-SO4, Na-Cl, and Ca-Cl) were evaluated, and precipitation rates were calculated by processing images of precipitates in the pores captured via microscopy. The results showed that all groundwater types formed a yellow-brownish precipitate at the interface of the iron solution and simulated groundwater flow. Microscopic X-ray analyses demonstrated that precipitate morphology varied with groundwater type. Faster precipitation was observed in the following order by groundwater type: Na-HCO3 > Na-Cl > Na-SO4 > Ca-Cl, which was attributed to the different stability constants of the major anions in each simulated groundwater with Fe ions. Chemical equilibrium models suggested that precipitates were Fe minerals, with FeOOH as the predominant form consistent with the results of X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The presence of FeOOH implies that precipitates may serve as an effective sorption barrier against some nutrients and heavy metals for the underlying groundwater. However, dye-flow experiments suggested that the precipitates may clog aquifer pores, thereby altering hydrogeological properties in the aquifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saerom Park
- Urban Water Circulation Research Center, Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology (KICT), Gyeonggi-do, 10223, Republic of Korea
| | - Theresia May Anggraini
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeshik Chung
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter K Kang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, United States
| | - Seunghak Lee
- Water Cycle Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Khasi S, Fayazi A, Kantzas A. A Pore-Scale Model for Dispersion and Mass Transfer during Acoustically Assisted Miscible Displacements in Porous Media. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Khasi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amir Fayazi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Apostolos Kantzas
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- PERM Inc., Calgary, AB T2E 6P2, Canada
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